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<span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Histoire</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Histoire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mésopotamie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mésopotamie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mésopotamie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mésopotamie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systèmes_économiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systèmes_économiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Systèmes économiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systèmes_économiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secteurs_d'activité" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secteurs_d'activité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Secteurs d'activité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secteurs_d'activité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acteurs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acteurs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Acteurs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acteurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Économie (activité humaine)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 124 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaft" title="Wirtschaft – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wirtschaft" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="اقتصاد – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="قتيصاد – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قتيصاد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="اقتصاد – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="অৰ্থব্যৱস্থা – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অৰ্থব্যৱস্থা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0qtisadiyyat" title="İqtisadiyyat – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İqtisadiyyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ایقتیصاد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایقتیصاد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Иҡтисад – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иҡтисад" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiatschoft" title="Wiatschoft – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wiatschoft" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atur_banda" title="Atur banda – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Atur banda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Икономика – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Икономика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economi" title="Economi – bichelamar" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Economi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bichelamar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%EA%A9%BB" title="စီꩻပွာꩻရေꩻ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="စီꩻပွာꩻရေꩻ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privreda" title="Privreda – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Privreda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ADng-c%C3%A1%CC%A4" title="Gĭng-cá̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭng-cá̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Экономика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ئابوور – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئابوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomika" title="Ekonomika – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ekonomika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%C4%95%C3%A7%D1%85%C4%95%D0%BB)" title="Экономика (ĕçхĕл) – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Экономика (ĕçхĕл)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economi" title="Economi – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Economi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98konomi" title="Økonomi – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Økonomi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaft" title="Wirtschaft – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirtschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiye" title="Ekonomiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ekonomiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Οικονομία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικονομία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy" title="Economy – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Economy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiko" title="Ekonomiko – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekonomiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa" title="Economía – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Economía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majandus" title="Majandus – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Majandus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia_(jarduera)" title="Ekonomia (jarduera) – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekonomia (jarduera)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="اقتصاد – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talous" title="Talous – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Talous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majandus" title="Majandus – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Majandus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakailavo" title="Vakailavo – fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vakailavo" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiartskap" title="Wiartskap – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wiartskap" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaconomaidh" title="Eaconomaidh – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eaconomaidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tattalin_arziki" title="Tattalin arziki – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tattalin arziki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94_(%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA)" title="כלכלה (פעילות אנושית) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלכלה (פעילות אנושית)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्थव्यवस्था – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्थव्यवस्था" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodarstvo" title="Gospodarstvo – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gospodarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazdas%C3%A1g" title="Gazdaság – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gazdaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տնտեսություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տնտեսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տնտեսութիւն – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տնտեսութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economie" title="Economie – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Economie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88" title="経済 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="経済" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadamsa" title="Tadamsa – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tadamsa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экономика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%86" title="ಅರ್ಥ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅರ್ಥ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="경제 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="경제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Экономика" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abor%C3%AE" title="Aborî – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Aborî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Экономикалык ишкердүүлүк – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экономикалык ишкердүүлүк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeconomia" title="Oeconomia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oeconomia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Экономика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ເສດຖະກິດ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເສດຖະກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAkis" title="Ūkis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ūkis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saimniec%C4%ABba" title="Saimniecība – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saimniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toekarena" title="Toekarena – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Toekarena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Экономике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Экономике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Эдийн засаг – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эдийн засаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="अर्थव्यवस्था – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अर्थव्यवस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="စီးပွားရေး – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စီးပွားရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="کیدارش – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کیدارش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weertschop" title="Weertschop – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Weertschop" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्थतन्त्र – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्थतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economie_(systeem)" title="Economie (systeem) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Economie (systeem)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98konomi" title="Økonomi – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Økonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98konomi" title="Økonomi – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Økonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Экономикæ – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Экономикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਰਥਚਾਰਾ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਰਥਚਾਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodarka" title="Gospodarka – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gospodarka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="معیشت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="معیشت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="اقتصاد – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اقتصاد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atividade_econ%C3%B4mica" title="Atividade econômica – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atividade econômica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qullqikamay" title="Qullqikamay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qullqikamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economie" title="Economie – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Economie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icunumia" title="Icunumia – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Icunumia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Экономика – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экономика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Економика – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Економика" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F.%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟ.ᱣᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy" title="Economy – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Economy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privreda" title="Privreda – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Privreda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy" title="Economy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Economy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospod%C3%A1rstvo_(oblas%C5%A5_%C4%8Dinnosti)" title="Hospodárstvo (oblasť činnosti) – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hospodárstvo (oblasť činnosti)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospodarstvo" title="Gospodarstvo – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gospodarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia" title="Ekonomia – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekonomia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Привреда – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Привреда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchumi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kalisiway" title="kalisiway – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kalisiway" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பொருளாதாரம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொருளாதாரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иқтисод – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иқтисод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88" title="เศรษฐกิจ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เศรษฐกิจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ykdysady%C3%BDet" title="Ykdysadyýet – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ykdysadyýet" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekonomi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy" title="Economy – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Economy" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Икътисад – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Икътисад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" title="Економіка (діяльність) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Економіка (діяльність)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="معیشت – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معیشت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iqtisodiyot" title="Iqtisodiyot – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iqtisodiyot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia" title="Economia – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Economia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Kinh tế – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ekonomiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom-kom" title="Kom-kom – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kom-kom" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="經濟 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="經濟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2" title="עקאנאמיע – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עקאנאמיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginghci" title="Ginghci – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ginghci" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ – amazighe standard marocain" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazighe standard marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="经济 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="经济" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%B2%A8" title="食貨 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="食貨" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/35px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/53px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/70px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(discipline)" title="Économie (discipline)">économie</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets 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metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour la discipline, voir <a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(discipline)" title="Économie (discipline)">Économie (discipline)</a> </p> </div></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vue de Manhattan depuis l'Océan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg/317px-Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="317" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg/476px-Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg/634px-Lower_Manhattan_from_Jersey_City_November_2014_panorama_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9250" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, le quartier des affaires de <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. Un espace à l'activité économique florissante.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<b>économie</b> (du <a href="/wiki/Grec_ancien" title="Grec ancien">grec ancien</a> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">οἰκονομία</span> / <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>oikonomía</i></span> : « administration d'un foyer », contraction de <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">οἶκος</span> / <i>oikos</i> (« maison ») et de <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">νόμος</span> / <i>nomós</i> (« loi ») est une activité humaine qui consiste en la production, la répartition, l'échange et la consommation de <a href="/wiki/Bien_(%C3%A9conomie)" title="Bien (économie)">biens</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Service_(%C3%A9conomie)" title="Service (économie)">services</a>. </p><p>On distingue différents systèmes d'échange parmi lesquelles l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_don" title="Économie de don">économie de don</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_march%C3%A9" title="Économie de marché">économie de marché</a> ou encore l'économie du <a href="/wiki/Troc" title="Troc">troc</a>. </p><p>Parmi les systèmes économiques, certains comme le <a href="/wiki/Communisme" title="Communisme">communisme</a> reposent sur la propriété collective des moyens de production. À l'inverse, le <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> repose sur la propriété privée des moyens de production. </p><p>Depuis <a href="/wiki/Colin_Clark" title="Colin Clark">Colin Clark</a>, on distingue également différents secteurs d'activité parmi lesquelles l'<a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> (ou <a href="/wiki/Secteur_primaire" title="Secteur primaire">secteur primaire</a>), l'<a href="/wiki/Industrie" title="Industrie">industrie</a> (ou <a href="/wiki/Secteur_secondaire" title="Secteur secondaire">secteur secondaire</a>) et la fourniture de services (<a href="/wiki/Secteur_tertiaire" title="Secteur tertiaire">secteur tertiaire</a>). </p><p>Au sein d'une économie, on distingue également le <a href="/wiki/Secteur_marchand" title="Secteur marchand">secteur marchand</a> (dont la production se vend dans un marché), le <a href="/wiki/Secteur_public" title="Secteur public">secteur public</a> ou étatique, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_domestique" title="Économie domestique">économie domestique</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_sociale" title="Économie sociale">économie sociale et solidaire</a> ou encore l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_souterraine" title="Économie souterraine">économie souterraine</a> dont l'activité échappe au contrôle des institutions étatiques. </p><p>L'économie est étudiée par les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(discipline)" title="Économie (discipline)">sciences économiques</a> mais aussi par d'autres sciences sociales comme la <a href="/wiki/Sociologie_%C3%A9conomique" title="Sociologie économique">sociologie économique</a> ou l'<a href="/wiki/Anthropologie_%C3%A9conomique" title="Anthropologie économique">anthropologie économique</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27%C3%A9conomie" title="Histoire de l'économie">Histoire de l'économie</a>.</div></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)" title="Spécial:EditPage/Économie (activité humaine)">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mésopotamie"><span id="M.C3.A9sopotamie"></span>Mésopotamie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Mésopotamie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Mésopotamie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À partir de la fin du <a href="/wiki/VIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="VIe millénaire av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ millénaire">VI<sup>e</sup></abbr> millénaire <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a> les <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9-%C3%89tat" title="Cité-État">cités-États</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a> ont développé leurs <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerces</a> et leurs économies à partir des marchés de <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8res_premi%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Matières premières">matières premières</a>. </p><p>Les Babyloniens et les Cités-États voisines développèrent le premier <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_%C3%A9conomique" title="Système économique">système économique</a> utilisant une métrique de produits divers, tel que le « <a href="/wiki/Shekel" title="Shekel">shekel</a> », mesure basée sur le poids de l'<a href="/wiki/Orge_commune" title="Orge commune">orge</a>, qui était fixée par un <a href="/wiki/Code_juridique" class="mw-redirect" title="Code juridique">code juridique</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9sopotamie" title="Mésopotamie">Mésopotamie</a>, de nombreuses tablettes trouvées notamment à <a href="/wiki/Kanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanish">Kanish</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Anatolie" title="Anatolie">Anatolie</a>, ou à <a href="/wiki/Assur_(ville)" title="Assur (ville)">Assur</a> démontrent une intense activité commerciale<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systèmes_économiques"><span id="Syst.C3.A8mes_.C3.A9conomiques"></span>Systèmes économiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Systèmes économiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Systèmes économiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_%C3%A9conomique" title="Système économique">Système économique</a>.</div></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)" title="Spécial:EditPage/Économie (activité humaine)">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secteurs_d'activité"><span id="Secteurs_d.27activit.C3.A9"></span>Secteurs d'activité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Secteurs d'activité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Secteurs d'activité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Industry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Production industrielle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Industry.jpg/150px-Industry.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Industry.jpg/225px-Industry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Industry.jpg/300px-Industry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/wiki/Production_industrielle" class="mw-redirect" title="Production industrielle">production industrielle</a> appelle à de possibles <a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_d%27%C3%A9chelle" title="Économie d'échelle">économies d'échelle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Secteur_%C3%A9conomique" title="Secteur économique">Secteur économique</a>.</div></div> <p>Le terme <a href="/wiki/Secteur_%C3%A9conomique" title="Secteur économique">secteur économique</a> regroupe deux définitions : </p> <ul><li>celle de multiples domaines d’activité économique, et pour laquelle chaque « secteur économique » regroupe des familles de produits assez proches pour être commercialisés ensemble (par exemple, le « secteur des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrom%C3%A9nager#Petit_électroménager" title="Électroménager">petits produits électroménagers</a> » le secteur de l'immobilier, de l'énergie ou de l'aviation) ;</li> <li>celle de la répartition de l’ensemble de l’activité économique en trois grands secteurs économiques (primaire, secondaire, tertiaire).</li></ul> <p>En pratique, la production économique, à la suite de l'économiste écossais <a href="/wiki/Colin_Clark" title="Colin Clark">Colin Clark</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, peut être répartie entre plusieurs secteurs : </p> <ul><li>le <i><a href="/wiki/Secteur_primaire" title="Secteur primaire">secteur primaire</a></i> concerne la collecte et l'exploitation directe de <a href="/wiki/Ressources_naturelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ressources naturelles">ressources naturelles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A9riaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Matériaux">matériaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie" title="Énergie">énergie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AAche_(halieutique)" title="Pêche (halieutique)">pêche</a>) ;</li> <li>le <i><a href="/wiki/Secteur_secondaire" title="Secteur secondaire">secteur secondaire</a></i> concerne les <a href="/wiki/Industrie" title="Industrie">industries</a> de transformation (agissant sur les <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re_premi%C3%A8re" title="Matière première">matières premières</a>) ;</li> <li>le <i><a href="/wiki/Secteur_tertiaire" title="Secteur tertiaire">secteur tertiaire</a></i> regroupe les industries de <a href="/wiki/Services_(%C3%A9conomie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Services (économie)">services</a> (essentiellement immatériels : <a href="/wiki/Assurance" title="Assurance">assurances</a>, intermédiation, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ducation" title="Éducation">formation</a>, études et recherche, administration, services à la personne, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Sécurité">sécurité</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nettoyage" title="Nettoyage">nettoyage</a>, etc.).</li></ul> <p>Cette classification n'est pas rigide, l'agriculture par exemple ayant été à l'origine classée comme faisant partie du secteur secondaire (le cultivateur transforme des graines en produits consommables), par opposition à la chasse et la simple cueillette. </p><p>De plus en plus, en outre, certains auteurs parlent d'un quatrième secteur, appelé <a href="/wiki/Secteur_quaternaire" title="Secteur quaternaire">quaternaire</a>. Il y incluent en général les activités liées à la connaissance, comme la création, la recherche et développement, souvent l'enseignement, et parfois les administrations publiques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acteurs">Acteurs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Acteurs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Acteurs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les acteurs de l'économie peuvent être individuels : individus, familles ou ménages, <a href="/wiki/Entreprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Entreprises">entreprises</a>, financières ou non (dont les <a href="/wiki/Entreprise_individuelle" title="Entreprise individuelle">entreprises individuelles</a>, à la fois ménages et entreprises), les <a href="/wiki/Association_%C3%A0_but_non_lucratif" title="Association à but non lucratif">associations</a>, les agents de l'administration publique et privée, les organismes internationaux, les ensembles de nations… Ils peuvent aussi être collectifs : ensemble de ménages, d'entreprises, d'administrations (dont l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat" title="État">État</a>), nations, groupes de nations. En <a href="/wiki/Comptabilit%C3%A9_nationale" title="Comptabilité nationale">comptabilité nationale</a>, ces groupes d'acteurs sont appelés <a href="/wiki/Secteurs_institutionnels" title="Secteurs institutionnels">secteurs institutionnels</a>. </p><p>Il existe six idéaux-types d'agents : </p> <ul><li>Les ménages</li> <li>Les sociétés financières</li> <li>Les sociétés non-financières</li> <li>Les institutions sans but lucratif au service des ménages</li> <li>Les administrations publiques</li> <li>Le reste du monde</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="padding-left: 1.6em; font-size: 85%;">Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l'article intitulé « <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(discipline)&oldid=140074462">Économie (discipline)</a> » <small>(voir <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(discipline)&oldid=140074462&action=history">la liste des auteurs</a></span>)</small></span>.</div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kramer1988">Kramer 1988</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 52–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Cécile Michel, <i>Correspondance des marchands de Kanish au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">II<sup>e</sup></abbr> millénaire <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></i>, éditions du Cerf, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir Colin Clark, <i>La Condition du progrès économique</i>, 1951</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint boite-grise boite-a-droite" style="text-align:left;"> <div style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/45px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/68px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Circle-icons-frames.svg/90px-Circle-icons-frames.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:60px;">Une <a href="/wiki/Aide:Cat%C3%A9gorie" title="Aide:Catégorie">catégorie</a> est consacrée à ce sujet : <i><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:%C3%89conomie" title="Catégorie:Économie">Économie</a></i>.</div> <div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kramer1988"><span class="ouvrage" id="Samuel_Noah_Kramer1988"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Samuel Noah <span class="nom_auteur">Kramer</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">History Begins at Sumer : Thirty-Nine Firsts in Recorded History</cite>, University of pennsylvania press, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1988-04-01" data-sort-value="1988-04-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> avril 1988</time>, 416 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8122-1276-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8122-1276-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8122-1276-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Begins+at+Sumer&rft.pub=University+of+pennsylvania+press&rft.stitle=Thirty-Nine+Firsts+in+Recorded+History&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Noah&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft.tpages=416&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-1276-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89conomie+%28activit%C3%A9+humaine%29"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_sociale" title="Économie sociale">Économie sociale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89conomie_informelle" title="Économie informelle">Économie informelle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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