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of technology commercialization</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: the process of technology commercialization"> <meta name="keywords" content="the process of technology commercialization"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open 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class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="the process of technology commercialization"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21014</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: the process of technology commercialization</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21014</span> Decision Making Communication in the Process of Technologies Commercialization: Archival Analysis of the Process Content</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaida%20Zemlickiene">Vaida Zemlickiene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scientists around the world and practitioners are working to identify the factors that influence the results of technology commercialization and to propose the ideal model for the technology commercialization process. In other words, all stakeholders of technology commercialization seek to find a formula or set of rules to succeed in commercializing technologies in order to avoid unproductive investments. In this article, the process of commercialization technology is understood as the process of transforming inventions into marketable products, services, and processes, or the path from the idea of using an invention to a product that incorporates process from 1 to 9 technology readiness level (TRL). There are many publications in the field of management literature, which are aimed at managing the commercialization process. However, there is an apparent lack of research for communication in decision-making in the process of technology commercialization. Works were done in the past, and the last decade's global research analysis led to the unambiguous conclusion that the methodological framework is not mature enough to be of practical use in business. The process of technology commercialization and the decisions made in the process should be explored in-depth. An archival analysis is performed to find insights into decision-making communication in the process of technologies commercialization, to find out the content of technology commercialization process: decision-making stages and participants, to analyze the internal factors of technology commercialization, to perform their critical analysis, to analyze the concept of successful/unsuccessful technology commercialization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20process%20of%20technology%20commercialization" title="the process of technology commercialization">the process of technology commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20in%20decision-making%20process" title=" communication in decision-making process"> communication in decision-making process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20content%20of%20technology%20commercialization%20process" title=" the content of technology commercialization process"> the content of technology commercialization process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successful%2Funsuccessful%20technology%20commercialization" title=" successful/unsuccessful technology commercialization"> successful/unsuccessful technology commercialization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126115/decision-making-communication-in-the-process-of-technologies-commercialization-archival-analysis-of-the-process-content" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21013</span> Lean Commercialization: A New Dawn for Commercializing High Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saheed%20A.%20Gbadegeshin">Saheed A. Gbadegeshin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lean Commercialization (LC) is a transformation of new technologies and knowledge to products and services through application of lean/agile principle. This principle focuses on how resources can be minimized on development, manufacturing, and marketing new products/services, which can be accepted by customers. To understand how the LC has been employed by the technology-based companies, a case study approach was employed by interviewing the founders, observing their high technologies, and interviewing the commercialization experts. Two serial entrepreneurs were interviewed in 2012, and their commercialized technologies were monitored from 2012 till 2016. Some results were collected, but to validate the commercialization strategies of these entrepreneurs, four commercialization experts were interviewed in 2017. Initial results, observation notes, and experts’ opinions were analyzed qualitatively. The final findings showed that the entrepreneurs applied the LC unknowingly, and the experts were aware of the LC. Similarly, the entrepreneurs used the LC due to the financial constraints, and their need for success. Additionally, their commercialization practices revealed that LC appeared to be one of their commercialization strategies. Thus, their practices were analyzed, and a framework was developed. Furthermore, the experts noted that LC is a new dawn, which technologists and scientists need to consider for their high technology commercialization. This article contributes to the theory and practice of commercialization. Theoretically, the framework adds value to the commercialization discussion. And, practically the framework can be used by the technology entrepreneurs (technologists and scientists), technology-based enterprises, and technology entrepreneurship educators as a guide in their commercialization adventures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20commercialization" title="lean commercialization">lean commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20technologies" title=" high technologies"> high technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20start-up" title=" lean start-up"> lean start-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology-based%20companies" title=" technology-based companies"> technology-based companies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84953/lean-commercialization-a-new-dawn-for-commercializing-high-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21012</span> Stating Best Commercialization Method: An Unanswered Question from Scholars and Practitioners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saheed%20A.%20Gbadegeshin">Saheed A. Gbadegeshin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Commercialization method is a means to make inventions available at the market for final consumption. It is described as an important tool for keeping business enterprises sustainable and improving national economic growth. Thus, there are several scholarly publications on it, either presenting or testing different methods for commercialization. However, young entrepreneurs, technologists and scientists would like to know the best method to commercialize their innovations. Then, this question arises: What is the best commercialization method? To answer the question, a systematic literature review was conducted, and practitioners were interviewed. The literary results revealed that there are many methods but new methods are needed to improve commercialization especially during these times of economic crisis and political uncertainty. Similarly, the empirical results showed there are several methods, but the best method is the one that reduces costs, reduces the risks associated with uncertainty, and improves customer participation and acceptability. Therefore, it was concluded that new commercialization method is essential for today's high technologies and a method was presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization%20method" title="commercialization method">commercialization method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invention" title=" invention"> invention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64646/stating-best-commercialization-method-an-unanswered-question-from-scholars-and-practitioners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21011</span> Commercialization of Research Outputs in Kenyan Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Ayisi">John Ayisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gideon%20M.%20Kivengea"> Gideon M. Kivengea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20A.%20Ombakho"> George A. Ombakho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this emerging era of knowledge economy, universities, as major centres of learning and research, are becoming increasingly important as sources of ideas, knowledge, skills, innovation and technological advances. These ideas can be turned into new products, processes and systems needed to drive their respective national economies, and thus placing universities at the centre of the national innovation systems. Thus, commercialization of research outputs from universities to industry has become an area of strong policy interest in African countries. To assess the level of commercialization of research outputs in Kenyan universities, a standardized questionnaire covering seven sub-sections, namely: University Commercialization Environment, Management of Commercialization Activities, Commercialization Office, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), Early Stage Financing and Venture Capital; Industrial Linkages; and Technology Parks and Incubators was administered among a few selected public and private universities. Results show that all the universities have a strategic plan; though not all have innovation and commercialization as part of it. Half the nineteen surveyed universities indicated they have created designated offices for fostering commercialization. Majority have guidelines on IPRs which advocate IP to be co-owned by researcher/university. University-industry linkages are weak. Most universities are taking precursory steps to incentivise and encourage entrepreneurial activities among their academic staff and students, even though the level of resources devoted to them is low. It is recommended that building capacity in entrepreneurship among staff and students and committing more resources to R&D activities hold potential to increased commercialization of university research outputs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization" title="commercialization">commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%26D" title=" R&D"> R&D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36995/commercialization-of-research-outputs-in-kenyan-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21010</span> Analyzing the Commercialization of New Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Hsiang%20Lai">Wen-Hsiang Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Wen%20Chen"> Mei-Wen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the face of developing new technologies, identifying potential new technological product and the suitable market is important. Since laser technology is widely applied in many industries, this study explores the technology commercialization of laser technology. According to the literature review and industry analysis, this study discusses the factors influencing the consumer’s purchase intention and tries to find a new market direction to develop the laser technology. This study adopts a new product adoption model as the research framework and uses three variables of ‘Consumer characteristics’, ‘Perception of product attributes’ and ‘External environment’ to discuss the purchase intention of consumers, who are physicians and owners of the medical cosmetics. This study finds that in the major variable of ‘Consumer characteristics’, the sub-variables of ‘Personality’, ‘Knowledge of product’, ‘Perceived risk’ and ‘Motivation’ are significantly related to consumer’s purchase intention. In the major variable of ‘Perception of product attributes’, the sub-variables of ‘Brand’ and ‘Measure of manufacture country’ are the key factors that affect the willingness of consumer’s purchase intention. Finally, in the major variable of ‘External environment’ variable, the sub-variables of ‘Time’ and ‘Price’ have significant impact on consumer’s purchase intention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20commercialization" title="technology commercialization">technology commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20product%20adoption" title=" new product adoption"> new product adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer%E2%80%99s%20purchase%20intention" title=" consumer’s purchase intention"> consumer’s purchase intention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20technology" title=" laser technology"> laser technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89765/analyzing-the-commercialization-of-new-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21009</span> Involvement of Stakeholders in the R&D and Innovation Process in Developing Country Context: An Analysis of the Nigeria Innovation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20O.%20Oyedoyin">B. O. Oyedoyin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20O.%20Ilori"> M. O. Ilori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20O.%20Oyebisi"> T. O. Oyebisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20A.%20Oluwale"> B. A. Oluwale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20O.%20Jegede"> O. O. Jegede</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was designed to evaluate the business development and transfer of technologies to small manufacturing companies by research institutes in South Western Nigeria. The study covered all the industrial research institutions with headquarters in South Western Nigeria. The study showed that the involvement of scientists in innovation process was rated highest in the idea generation (4.14) and idea screening (4.29) phases; high in R&D (3.86) and fairly high in pilot plant development (2.71) and commercialization (2.43) phase. Their involvement was rated low in business analysis and development (2.14), and test marketing (2.29) phase. The involvement of engineers was rated highest in idea generation (3.28), fairly high in R&D (2.71), pilot plant development (2.57), and idea screening (2.40) phases. However, their involvement was rated low in business analysis and development (2.0), test marketing (2.0), and commercialization (1.28) phases. The involvement of technology marketers in innovation process was generally rated fairly high in R&D (2.7) and business analysis and development (2.6), and low in all the other phases of innovation. However, their involvement at IAR&T, FIIRO, and NIOMR in all the phases was rated very high (3.0-5.0). The involvement of entrepreneurs was generally rated from fairly high to low (2.7-2.3) in all the phases of innovation. The involvement of financial institutions in all the phases of innovation was generally rated low (1.28-1.71). In conclusion, the study showed that the involvement of stakeholders like entrepreneurs and financial institutions in technology packaging for commercialization is very low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20institutes" title="research institutes">research institutes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20innovation%20system" title=" national innovation system"> national innovation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurs" title=" entrepreneurs"> entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20institution" title=" financial institution"> financial institution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9163/involvement-of-stakeholders-in-the-rd-and-innovation-process-in-developing-country-context-an-analysis-of-the-nigeria-innovation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21008</span> Commercialization of Film Festivals: An Autobiographical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96nder%20M.%20%C3%96zdem">Önder M. Özdem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Producing and circulating films of professional standards have become technically easier with the development and widespread use of digital recording and distribution technologies. Additionally, film festivals on common platforms have rapidly increased in numbers and diversity. On the one hand, no-charge applications result in excessive submissions; thus, it complicates the evaluation and selection process. On the other hand, festival’s high submission fees may make the distribution of films with a limited budget very difficult. Inspired by the author’s engagement with the film industry as both a pre-jury member of an international film festival and an applicant to many festivals, this study discusses the causes and consequences of the increasing commercialization of film festivals. The author’s double identity, both as a jury and an applicant, provides a comparative perspective through which one can unfold the different dimensions and dynamics in the film production and distribution processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization" title="commercialization">commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20distribution" title=" film distribution"> film distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20festivals" title=" film festivals"> film festivals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20production" title=" film production"> film production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166277/commercialization-of-film-festivals-an-autobiographical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21007</span> A Project in the Framework “Nextgenerationeu”: Sustainable Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution - SERGIO</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrizia%20Frontera">Patrizia Frontera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anastasia%20Macario"> Anastasia Macario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simona%20Crispi"> Simona Crispi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Malara"> Angela Malara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierantonio%20De%20Luca"> Pierantonio De Luca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefano%20Trocino"> Stefano Trocino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exploration of solar energy for the photoelectrochemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen has been extensively researched as a means of generating sustainable H₂ fuel. However, despite these efforts, commercialization of this technology has not yet materialized. Presently, the primary impediments to commercialization include low solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (2-3% in PEC with an active area of up to 10-15 cm²), the utilization of costly and critical raw materials (e.g., BiVO₄), and energy losses during the separation of H₂ from O₂ and H₂O vapours in the output stream. The SERGIO partners have identified an advanced approach to fabricate photoelectrode materials, coupled with an appropriate scientific direction to achieve cost-effective solar-driven H₂ production in a tandem photoelectrochemical cell. This project is designed to reach Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 by validating the technology in the laboratory using a cell with an active area of up to 10 cm², boasting a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 5%, and ensuring acceptable hydrogen purity (99.99%). Our objectives include breakthroughs in cost efficiency, conversion efficiency, and H₂ purity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoelectrolysis" title="photoelectrolysis">photoelectrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20hydrogen" title=" green hydrogen"> green hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoelectrochemical%20cell" title=" photoelectrochemical cell"> photoelectrochemical cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductors" title=" semiconductors"> semiconductors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183030/a-project-in-the-framework-nextgenerationeu-sustainable-photoelectrochemical-hydrogen-evolution-sergio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21006</span> Votes - Commercialization in Nigeria: A Crime Against Sustainable Democracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwasaanmi%20Lawrence%20Adesuyi">Oluwasaanmi Lawrence Adesuyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igbekoyi%20Kayode%20Emmanuel"> Igbekoyi Kayode Emmanuel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined vote - commercialization during elections among the voters in Nigeria, a series of elections in Ekiti State, Southwestern Nigeria. Democracy in Nigeria that came to replace the unwanted ruling and dictating mission of the military government has been facing a societal terror “crime of votes commercialization” that stands in jeopardy against its sustainability in Nigeria. Social exchange and action-bound theories were employed as the theoretical framework. Forty-Eight in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and case studies were conducted with purposively selected respondents in the three senatorial districts that captured the sixteen local governments of the state. The results show that really commercialization of votes has become the order of the day in all series of electioneering among Ekiti people. Also, it was recorded that true democracy is no longer allowed to triumph as a result of vote buying that allows the highest bidder to be the winner. The result also shows that this attitude is not limited to only one political party or one candidate but involved all the political parties that participated in Election. It has become a frequent idea among the electorates during every festive period of election in Ekiti State. The tyrannical attitude has been given a nickname to suit the conditional situation of votes commercialization - (Diboki o se obe), which means vote and have a pot of soup, this implies that you will get money to take care of yourself and the family when you vote and collect money on the vote you cast, notwithstanding the money is being collected from all candidates that participated in the election, but the highest bidder has the day. The main challenge this has on democracy is that the contestants challenge the result of the election results based on the act of vote commercialization. Also, those that bought people’s votes with a huge amount of money relent on their democratic promises. The study showed that the crime of vote commercialization that threatens democracy must be addressed for sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crime" title="crime">crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jeopardy" title=" jeopardy"> jeopardy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=military" title=" military"> military</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=votes-commercialization" title=" votes-commercialization"> votes-commercialization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155045/votes-commercialization-in-nigeria-a-crime-against-sustainable-democracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21005</span> Commercialization of Technologies, Productivity and Problems of Technological Audit in the Russian Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Tkachenko">E. A. Tkachenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Rogova"> E. M. Rogova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Osipenko"> A. S. Osipenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problems of technological development for the Russian Federation take on special significance in the context of modernization of the production base. The complexity of the position of the Russian economy is that it cannot be attributed fully to developing ones. Russia is a strong industrial power that has gone through the processes of destructive de-industrialization in the conditions of changing its economic and political structure. The need to find ways for re-industrialization is not a unique task for the economies of industrially developed countries. Under the influence of production outsourcing for 20 years, the industrial potential of leading economies of the world was regressed against the backdrop of the ascent of China, a new industrial giant. Therefore, methods, tools, and techniques utilized for industrial renaissance in EU may be used to achieve a technological leap in the Russian Federation, especially since the temporary gap of 5-7 years makes it possible to analyze best practices and use those technological transfer tools that have shown the greatest efficiency. In this article, methods of technological transfer are analyzed, the role of technological audit is justified, and factors are analyzed that influence the successful process of commercialization of technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20transfer" title="technological transfer">technological transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20audit" title=" technological audit"> technological audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization%20of%20technologies" title=" commercialization of technologies"> commercialization of technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85326/commercialization-of-technologies-productivity-and-problems-of-technological-audit-in-the-russian-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21004</span> Preparation of n-type Bi2Te3 Films by Electrophoretic Deposition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Talebi">Tahereh Talebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ghomashchi"> Reza Ghomashchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pejman%20Talemi"> Pejman Talemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Aminorroaya"> Sima Aminorroaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A high quality crack-free film of Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> material has been deposited for the first time using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and microstructures of various films have been investigated. One of the most important thermoelectric (TE) applications is Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3 </sub>to manufacture TE generators (TEG) which can convert waste heat into electricity targeting the global warming issue. However, the high cost of the manufacturing process of TEGs keeps them expensive and out of reach for commercialization. Therefore, utilizing EPD as a simple and cost-effective method will open new opportunities for TEG’s commercialization. This method has been recently used for advanced materials such as microelectronics and has attracted a lot of attention from both scientists and industry. In this study, the effect of media of suspensions has been investigated on the quality of the deposited films as well as their microstructure. In summary, finding an appropriate suspension is a critical step for a successful EPD process and has an important effect on both the film’s quality and its future properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi2Te3" title="Bi2Te3">Bi2Te3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title=" electrical conductivity"> electrical conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophoretic%20deposition" title=" electrophoretic deposition"> electrophoretic deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectric%20materials" title=" thermoelectric materials"> thermoelectric materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20films" title=" thick films"> thick films</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58894/preparation-of-n-type-bi2te3-films-by-electrophoretic-deposition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21003</span> Use of Integrated Knowledge Networks to Increase Innovation in Nanotechnology Research and Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Byler">R. Byler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Innovation, particularly in technology development, is a crucial aspect of nanotechnology R&D and, although several approaches to effective innovation management exist, organizational structures that promote knowledge exchange have been found to be most effect in supporting new and emerging technologies. This paper discusses Integrated Knowledge Networks (IKNs) and evaluates its use within nanotechnology R&D to increase technology innovation. Specifically, this paper reviews the role of IKNs in bolstering national and international nanotechnology development and in enhancing nanotechnology innovation. Both physical and virtual IKNs, particularly IT-based network platforms for community-based innovation, offer strategies for enhanced technology innovation, interdisciplinary cooperation, and enterprise development. Effectively creating and managing technology R&D networks can facilitate successful knowledge exchange, enhanced innovation, commercialization, and technology transfer. As such, IKNs are crucial to technology development processes and, thus, in increasing the quality and access to new, innovative nanoscience and technologies worldwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based%20innovation" title="community-based innovation">community-based innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20knowledge%20networks" title=" integrated knowledge networks"> integrated knowledge networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotechnology" title=" nanotechnology"> nanotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20innovation" title=" technology innovation"> technology innovation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31378/use-of-integrated-knowledge-networks-to-increase-innovation-in-nanotechnology-research-and-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21002</span> Commercialization of Smallholder Rice Producers and Its Determinants in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abebaw%20Assaye">Abebaw Assaye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seiichi%20Sakurai"> Seiichi Sakurai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marutama%20Atsush"> Marutama Atsush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20Alemu"> Dawit Alemu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice is considered as a strategic agricultural commodity targeting national food security and import substitution in Ethiopia and diverse measures are put in place a number of initiatives to ensure the growth and development of rice sector in the country. This study assessed factors that influence smallholder farmers' level of rice commercialization in Ethiopia. The required data were generated from 594 randomly sampled rice producers using multi-stage sampling techniques from four major rice-producing regional states. Both descriptive and econometric methods were used to analyze the data. We adopted the ordered probit model to analyze factors determining output commercialization in the rice market. The ordered probit model result showed that the sex of the household head, educational status of the household head, credit use, proportion of irrigated land cultivated, membership in social groups, and land dedicated to rice production were found to influence significantly and positively the probability of being commercial-oriented. Conversely, the age of the household, total cultivated land, and distance to the main market were found to influence negatively. These findings suggest that promoting productivity-increasing technologies, development of irrigation facilities, strengthening of social institutions, and facilitating access to credit are crucial for enhancing the commercialization of rice in the study area. Since agricultural lands are limited, intensified farming through promoting improved rice technologies and mechanized farming could be an option to enhance marketable surplus and increase level of rice market particicpation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title="rice">rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization" title=" commercialization"> commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobit" title=" Tobit"> Tobit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20probit" title=" ordered probit"> ordered probit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168160/commercialization-of-smallholder-rice-producers-and-its-determinants-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21001</span> Onboard Heat, Pressure and Boil-Off Gas Treatment for Stacked NGH Tank Containers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Jin%20Kang">Hee Jin Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite numerous studies on the reserves and availability of natural gas hydrates, the technology of transporting natural gas hydrates in large quantities to sea has not been put into practical use. Several natural gas hydrate transport technologies presented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are under preparation for commercialization. Among them, NGH tank container concept modularized transportation unit to prevent sintering effect during sea transportation. The natural gas hydrate can be vaporized in a certain part during the transportation. Unprocessed BOG increases the pressure inside the tank. Also, there is a risk of fire if you export the BOG out of the tank without proper handling. Therefore, in this study, we have studied the concept of technology to properly process BOG to modularize natural gas hydrate and to transport it to sea for long distance. The study is expected to contribute to the practical use of NGH tank container, which is a modular transport concept proposed to solve the sintering problem that occurs when transporting natural gas hydrate in the form of bulk cargo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natural%20gas%20hydrate" title="Natural gas hydrate">Natural gas hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tank%20container" title=" tank container"> tank container</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20transportation" title=" marine transportation"> marine transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boil-off%20gas" title=" boil-off gas"> boil-off gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70771/onboard-heat-pressure-and-boil-off-gas-treatment-for-stacked-ngh-tank-containers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21000</span> Accelerating Malaysian Technology Startups: Case Study of Malaysian Technology Development Corporation as the Innovator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhalim%20Yunus">Norhalim Yunus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Husaini%20Dahalan"> Mohamad Husaini Dahalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Halina%20Ghazali"> Nor Halina Ghazali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Building technology start-ups from ground zero into world-class companies in form and substance present a rare opportunity for government-affiliated institutions in Malaysia. The challenge of building such start-ups becomes tougher when their core businesses involve commercialization of unproven technologies for the mass market. These simple truths, while difficult to execute, will go a long way in getting a business off the ground and flying high. Malaysian Technology Development Corporation (MTDC), a company founded to facilitate the commercial exploitation of R&D findings from research institutions and universities, and eventually help translate these findings of applications in the marketplace, is an excellent case in point. The purpose of this paper is to examine MTDC as an institution as it explores the concept of ‘it takes a village to raise a child’ in an effort to create and nurture start-ups into established world class Malaysian technology companies. With MTDC at the centre of Malaysia's innovative start-ups, the analysis seeks to specifically answer two questions: How has the concept been applied in MTDC? and what can we learn from this successful case? A key aim is to elucidate how MTDC's journey as a private limited company can help leverage reforms and achieve transformation, a process that might be suitable for other small, open, third world and developing countries. This paper employs a single case study, designed to acquire an in-depth understanding of how MTDC has developed and grown technology start-ups to world-class technology companies. The case study methodology is employed as the focus is on a contemporary phenomenon within a real business context. It also explains the causal links in real-life situations where a single survey or experiment is unable to unearth. The findings show that MTDC maximises the concept of it needs a village to raise a child in totality, as MTDC itself assumes the role of the innovator to 'raise' start-up companies into world-class stature. As the innovator, MTDC creates shared value and leadership, introduces innovative programmes ahead of the curve, mobilises talents for optimum results and aggregates knowledge for personnel advancement. The success of the company's effort is attributed largely to leadership, visionary, adaptability, commitment to innovate, partnership and networking, and entrepreneurial drive. The findings of this paper are however limited by the single case study of MTDC. Future research is required to study more cases of success or/and failure where the concept of it takes a village to raise a child have been explored and applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=start-ups" title="start-ups">start-ups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20transfer" title=" technology transfer"> technology transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization" title=" commercialization"> commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20incubator" title=" technology incubator"> technology incubator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105994/accelerating-malaysian-technology-startups-case-study-of-malaysian-technology-development-corporation-as-the-innovator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105994.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20999</span> Commercialization of Innovative Technologies: Strategic Licensing in Patent Infringement Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaliny%20Yoganathan-Hasselbeck">Amaliny Yoganathan-Hasselbeck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the assumption, that strategic licensing is more valuable and sustainable for the economy than a legal dispute and action for an injunction, the strategy of licensing in patent infringement cases was studied. A theoretical framework was developed based on the transaction costs approach, describing the major variables within the process of licensing to an alleged patent infringer. An exploratory case study analysis was conducted on the basis of expert interviews with patent licensing agencies, patent attorneys, licensing departments of companies and research institutions. Key findings define the major criteria in each step of the licensing process and include the factors determining the intensity of patent tracking e.g. patent policies, the decision criteria when dealing with patent infringement cases, e.g. market position and reputation, and the transaction itself starting with the initiation of the contact with the alleged patent infringer, negotiating the licensing contract and monitoring the license agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title="innovation">innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=licensing" title=" licensing"> licensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent" title=" patent"> patent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20infringement" title=" patent infringement"> patent infringement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28243/commercialization-of-innovative-technologies-strategic-licensing-in-patent-infringement-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">476</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20998</span> Public Participation in Science: The Case of Genetic Modified Organisms in Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Luisa%20Nozawa%20Ribeiro">Maria Luisa Nozawa Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Teresa%20Miceli%20Kerbauy"> Maria Teresa Miceli Kerbauy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to present the theories of public participation in order to understand the context of the public GMO (Genetic Modified Organisms) policies in Brazil, highlighting the characteristics of its configuration and the dialog with the experts. As a controversy subject, the commercialization of GMO provoked manifestation of some popular and environmental representative groups questioning the decisions of policy makers and experts on the matter. Many aspects and consequences of the plantation and consumption of this crops emerged and the safety of this technology was questioned. Environmentalists, Civil Right's movement, representatives of rural workers, farmers and organics producers, etc. demonstrated their point of view, also sustained by some experts of medical, genetical, environmental, agronomical sciences, etc. fields. Despite this movement, the precautionary principle (risk management), implemented in 1987, suggested precaution facing new technologies and innovations in the sustainable development society. This principle influenced many legislation and regulation on GMO around the world, including Brazil, which became a reference among the world regulatory GMO systems. The Brazilian legislation ensures the citizens participation on GMO discussion, characteristic that was important to establish the connection between the subject and the participation theory. These deliberation spaces materialized in Brazil through the "Public Audiences", which are managed by the National Biosafety Technical Commission (CTNBio), the department responsible for controlling the research, production and commercialization of GMOs in Brazil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20engagement" title="public engagement">public engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20participation" title=" public participation"> public participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20and%20technology%20studies" title=" science and technology studies"> science and technology studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgenic%20politics" title=" transgenic politics"> transgenic politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54519/public-participation-in-science-the-case-of-genetic-modified-organisms-in-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20997</span> The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on the Performance of Office Technology Managers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunusi%20Tijjani">Sunusi Tijjani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information and communication technology is an indispensable tool in the performance of office technology managers. Today's offices are automated and equipped with modern office machines that enhances and improve the work of office managers. However, today's office technology managers can process, evaluate, manage and communicate all forms of information using technological devices. Information and Communication Technology is viewed as the process of processing, storing ad dissemination information while office technology managers are trained professional who can effectively operate modern office machines, perform administrative duties and attend meetings to take dawn minute of meetings. This paper examines the importance of information and communication technology toward enhancing the work of office managers. It also stresses the importance of information and communication technology toward proper and accurate record management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=managers" title=" managers"> managers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37018/the-impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-the-performance-of-office-technology-managers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20996</span> Information Technology for Business Process Management in Insurance Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vesna%20Bosilj%20Vuk%C5%A1i%C4%87">Vesna Bosilj Vukšić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darija%20Ivandi%C4%87%20Vidovi%C4%87"> Darija Ivandić Vidović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ljubica%20Milanovi%C4%87%20Glavan"> Ljubica Milanović Glavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Information technology plays an irreplaceable role in introducing and improving business process orientation in a company. It enables implementation of the theoretical concept, measurement of results achieved and undertaking corrective measures aimed at improvements. Information technology is a key concept in the development and implementation of the business process management systems as it establishes a connection to business operations. Both in the literature and practice, insurance companies are often seen as highly process oriented due to the nature of their business and focus on customers. They are also considered leaders in using information technology for business process management. The research conducted aimed to investigate whether the perceived leadership status of insurance companies is well deserved, i.e. to establish the level of process orientation and explore the practice of information technology use in insurance companies in the region. The main instrument for primary data collection within this research was an electronic survey questionnaire sent to the management of insurance companies in the Republic of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Macedonia. The conducted research has shown that insurance companies have a satisfactory level of process orientation, but that there is also a huge potential for improvement, especially in the segment of information technology and its connection to business processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20processes%20management" title="business processes management">business processes management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20orientation" title=" process orientation"> process orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20technology" title=" information technology"> information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20companies" title=" insurance companies"> insurance companies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33661/information-technology-for-business-process-management-in-insurance-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20995</span> A Software Product Engineering Process for Commercial Success in Start-Up and Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Ahsan">Javed Ahsan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software engineers strive for technical sophistication with a dream of finding commercial success in their start-up business. But they may find their much technically sophisticated software products failing in industry in competition with lesser sophisticated products. This is because of not maintaining a clear focus on complimenting and leading commercial success through technical sophistication. This can be achieved through a software engineering specific product development process suggested in this paper. This process is about evolving a software product through specific phases and iterations until commercial triumph falls on software engineer’s feet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title="software">software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product" title=" product"> product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization" title=" commercialization"> commercialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=start-up" title=" start-up"> start-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitiveness" title=" competitiveness"> competitiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry" title=" industry"> industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60147/a-software-product-engineering-process-for-commercial-success-in-start-up-and-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20994</span> Technology Management for Early Stage Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Zhou">Ming Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taeho%20Park"> Taeho Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early stage technologies have been particularly challenging to manage due to high degrees of their numerous uncertainties. Most research results directly out of a research lab tend to be at their early, if not the infant stage. A long while uncertain commercialization process awaits these lab results. The majority of such lab technologies go nowhere and never get commercialized due to various reasons. Any efforts or financial resources put into managing these technologies turn fruitless. High stake naturally calls for better results, which make a patenting decision harder to make. A good and well protected patent goes a long way for commercialization of the technology. Our preliminary research showed that there was not a simple yet productive procedure for such valuation. Most of the studies now have been theoretical and overly comprehensive where practical suggestions were non-existent. Hence, we attempted to develop a simple and highly implementable procedure for efficient and scalable valuation. We thoroughly reviewed existing research, interviewed practitioners in the Silicon Valley area, and surveyed university technology offices. Instead of presenting another theoretical and exhaustive research, we aimed at developing a practical guidance that a government agency and/or university office could easily deploy and get things moving to later steps of managing early stage technologies. We provided a procedure to thriftily value and make the patenting decision. A patenting index was developed using survey data and expert opinions. We identified the most important factors to be used in the patenting decision using survey ratings. The rating then assisted us in generating good relative weights for the later scoring and weighted averaging step. More importantly, we validated our procedure by testing it with our practitioner contacts. Their inputs produced a general yet highly practical cut schedule. Such schedule of realistic practices has yet to be witnessed our current research. Although a technology office may choose to deviate from our cuts, what we offered here at least provided a simple and meaningful starting point. This procedure was welcomed by practitioners in our expert panel and university officers in our interview group. This research contributed to our current understanding and practices of managing early stage technologies by instating a heuristically simple yet theoretical solid method for the patenting decision. Our findings generated top decision factors, decision processes and decision thresholds of key parameters. This research offered a more practical perspective which further completed our extant knowledge. Our results could be impacted by our sample size and even biased a bit by our focus on the Silicon Valley area. Future research, blessed with bigger data size and more insights, may want to further train and validate our parameter values in order to obtain more consistent results and analyze our decision factors for different industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20management" title="technology management">technology management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20stage%20technology" title=" early stage technology"> early stage technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent" title=" patent"> patent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision" title=" decision"> decision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36631/technology-management-for-early-stage-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20993</span> Evaluation of the Urban Regeneration Project: Land Use Transformation and SNS Big Data Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Young%20Kim">Ju-Young Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Heon%20Moon"> Tae-Heon Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Hun%20Cho"> Jung-Hun Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban regeneration projects have been actively promoted in Korea. In particular, Jeonju Hanok Village is evaluated as one of representative cases in terms of utilizing local cultural heritage sits in the urban regeneration project. However, recently, there has been a growing concern in this area, due to the ‘gentrification’, caused by the excessive commercialization and surging tourists. This trend was changing land and building use and resulted in the loss of identity of the region. In this regard, this study analyzed the land use transformation between 2010 and 2016 to identify the commercialization trend in Jeonju Hanok Village. In addition, it conducted SNS big data analysis on Jeonju Hanok Village from February 14th, 2016 to March 31st, 2016 to identify visitors’ awareness of the village. The study results demonstrate that rapid commercialization was underway, unlikely the initial intention, so that planners and officials in city government should reconsider the project direction and rebuild deliberate management strategies. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the land use transformation and SNS big data to identify the current situation in urban regeneration area. Furthermore, it is expected that the study results will contribute to the vitalization of regeneration area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use" title="land use">land use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNS" title=" SNS"> SNS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20regeneration" title=" urban regeneration"> urban regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56582/evaluation-of-the-urban-regeneration-project-land-use-transformation-and-sns-big-data-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20992</span> Continuous Catalytic Hydrogenation and Purification for Synthesis Non-Phthalate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ling%20Li">Chia-Ling Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The scope of this article includes the production of 10,000 metric tons of non-phthalate per annum. The production process will include hydrogenation, separation, purification, and recycling of unprocessed feedstock. Based on experimental data, conversion and selectivity were chosen as reaction model parameters. The synthesis and separation processes of non-phthalate and phthalate were established by using Aspen Plus software. The article will be divided into six parts: estimation of physical properties, integration of production processes, purification case study, utility consumption, economic feasibility study and identification of bottlenecks. The purities of products was higher than 99.9 wt. %. Process parameters have important guiding significance to the commercialization of hydrogenation of phthalate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20analysis" title="economic analysis">economic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogenation" title=" hydrogenation"> hydrogenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-phthalate" title=" non-phthalate"> non-phthalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20simulation" title=" process simulation"> process simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51541/continuous-catalytic-hydrogenation-and-purification-for-synthesis-non-phthalate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20991</span> The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on the Re-Engineering Process of Small and Medium Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiba%20Mezaache">Hiba Mezaache</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study aimed to know the impact of using information and communication technology on the process of re-engineering small and medium enterprises, as the world witnessed the speed development of the latter in its field of work and the diversity of its objectives and programs, that also made its process important for the growth and development of the institution and also gaining the flexibility to face the changes that may occur in the environment of work, so in order to know the impact of information and communication technology on the success of this process, we prepared an electronic questionnaire that included (70) items, and we also used the SPSS statistical calendar to analyze the data obtained. In the end of our study, our conclusion was that there was a positive correlation between the four dimensions of information and communication technology, i.e., hardware and equipment, software, communication networks, databases, and the re-engineering process, in addition to the fact that the studied institutions attach great importance to formal communication, for its positive advantages that it achieves in reducing time and effort and costs in performing the business. We could also say that communication technology contributes to the process of formulating objectives related to the re-engineering strategy. Finally, we recommend the necessity of empowering workers to use information technology and communication more in enterprises, and to integrate them more into the activity of the enterprise by involving them in the decision-making process, and also to keep pace with the development in the field of software, hardware, and technological equipment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20and%20communication%20technology" title="information and communication technology">information and communication technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-engineering" title=" re-engineering"> re-engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium%20enterprises" title=" small and medium enterprises"> small and medium enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20impact" title=" the impact"> the impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138860/the-impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-the-re-engineering-process-of-small-and-medium-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20990</span> The Impact of Technology on Architecture and Graphic Designs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feby%20Zaki%20Raouf%20Fawzy">Feby Zaki Raouf Fawzy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, design and architecture are being affected and undergoing change with the rapid advancements in technology, economics, politics, society, and culture. Architecture has been transforming with the latest developments after the inclusion of computers in design. Integration of design into the computational environment has revolutionized architecture and unique perspectives in architecture have been gained. The history of architecture shows the various technological developments and changes in which architecture has transformed with time. Therefore, the analysis of integration between technology and the history of the architectural process makes it possible to build a consensus on the idea of how architecture is to proceed. In this study, each period that occurs with the integration of technology into architecture is addressed within the historical process. At the same time, changes in architecture via technology are identified as important milestones and predictions with regards to the future of architecture have been determined. Developments and changes in technology and the use of technology in architecture within years are analyzed in charts and graphs comparatively. The historical process of architecture and its transformation via technology is supported by a detailed literature review, and they are consolidated with the examination of focal points of 20th-century architecture under the titles parametric design, genetic architecture, simulation, and biomimicry. It is concluded that with the historical research between past and present, the developments in architecture cannot keep up with the advancements in technology, and recent developments in technology overshadow architecture; even technology decides the direction of architecture. As a result, a scenario is presented with regard to the reach of technology in the future of architecture and the role of the architect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20and%20development%20the%20information%20technology%20architecture" title="design and development the information technology architecture">design and development the information technology architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture%20design%20result" title=" enterprise architecture design result"> enterprise architecture design result</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOGAF%20architecture%20development%20method%20%28ADM%29" title=" TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)"> TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184331/the-impact-of-technology-on-architecture-and-graphic-designs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20989</span> Economic Assessment of CO2-Based Methane, Methanol and Polyoxymethylene Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wieland%20Hoppe">Wieland Hoppe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadine%20Wachter"> Nadine Wachter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Bringezu"> Stefan Bringezu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization might be a promising way to substitute fossil raw materials like coal, oil or natural gas as carbon source of chemical production. While first life cycle assessments indicate a positive environmental performance of CO2-based process routes, a commercialization of CO2 is limited by several economic obstacles up to now. We, therefore, analyzed the economic performance of the three CO2-based chemicals methane and methanol as basic chemicals and polyoxymethylene as polymer on a cradle-to-gate basis. Our approach is oriented towards life cycle costing. The focus lies on the cost drivers of CO2-based technologies and options to stimulate a CO2-based economy by changing regulative factors. In this way, we analyze various modes of operation and give an outlook for the potentially cost-effective development in the next decades. Biogas, waste gases of a cement plant, and flue gases of a waste incineration plant are considered as CO2-sources. The energy needed to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons via electrolysis is assumed to be supplied by wind power, which is increasingly available in Germany. Economic data originates from both industrial processes and process simulations. The results indicate that CO2-based production technologies are not competitive with conventional production methods under present conditions. This is mainly due to high electricity generation costs and regulative factors like the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG). While the decrease in production costs of CO2-based chemicals might be limited in the next decades, a modification of relevant regulative factors could potentially promote an earlier commercialization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20capture%20and%20utilization%20%28CCU%29" title="carbon capture and utilization (CCU)">carbon capture and utilization (CCU)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20assessment" title=" economic assessment"> economic assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20costing%20%28LCC%29" title=" life cycle costing (LCC)"> life cycle costing (LCC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power-to-X" title=" power-to-X"> power-to-X</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67597/economic-assessment-of-co2-based-methane-methanol-and-polyoxymethylene-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20988</span> Applying the CA Systems in Education Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Javorova">A. Javorova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Matusova"> M. Matusova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Velisek"> K. Velisek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article summarizes the experience of laboratory technical subjects teaching methodologies using a number of software products. The main aim is to modernize the teaching process in accordance with the requirements of today - based on information technology. Increasing of the study attractiveness and effectiveness is due to the introduction of CA technologies in the learning process. This paper discussed the areas where individual CA system used. Environment using CA systems are briefly presented in each chapter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CA%20systems" title=" CA systems"> CA systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11657/applying-the-ca-systems-in-education-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11657.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20987</span> Recent Development of Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Jourdani">Mohammed Jourdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Mounir"> Hamid Mounir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdellatif%20El%20Marjani"> Abdellatif El Marjani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been developed as a promising power source for transportation and stationary applications, and power devices for computers and mobile telephones. This paper discusses and summarizes the latest developments of materials and remaining challenges of PEMFC. The different contributions to the material of all components and the efficiencies are analyzed. Many technical advances are introduced to increase the PEMFC fuel cell efficiency and life time for transportation, stationary and portable utilization. By the last years the total cost of this system is decreasing. However, the remaining challenges that need to be overcome mean that it will be several years before full commercialization can take place. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEMFC%20fuel%20cell" title="PEMFC fuel cell">PEMFC fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recent%20development" title=" recent development"> recent development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20time" title=" life time"> life time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization%20possibility" title=" commercialization possibility"> commercialization possibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48672/recent-development-of-materials-for-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell-pemfc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20986</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Urbanism, Architecture and Environmental Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abanoub%20Rady%20Shaker%20Saleb">Abanoub Rady Shaker Saleb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, design and architecture are being affected and underwent change with the rapid advancements in technology, economics, politics, society and culture. Architecture has been transforming with the latest developments after the inclusion of computers into design. Integration of design into the computational environment has revolutionized the architecture and new perspectives in architecture have been gained. The history of architecture shows the various technological developments and changes in which the architecture has transformed with time. Therefore, the analysis of integration between technology and the history of the architectural process makes it possible to build a consensus on the idea of how architecture is to proceed. In this study, each period that occurs with the integration of technology into architecture is addressed within historical process. At the same time, changes in architecture via technology are identified as important milestones and predictions with regards to the future of architecture have been determined. Developments and changes in technology and the use of technology in architecture within years are analyzed in charts and graphs comparatively. The historical process of architecture and its transformation via technology are supported with detailed literature review and they are consolidated with the examination of focal points of 20th-century architecture under the titles; parametric design, genetic architecture, simulation, and biomimicry. It is concluded that with the historical research between past and present; the developments in architecture cannot keep up with the advancements in technology and recent developments in technology overshadow the architecture, even the technology decides the direction of architecture. As a result, a scenario is presented with regards to the reach of technology in the future of architecture and the role of the architect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20and%20development%20the%20information%20technology%20architecture" title="design and development the information technology architecture">design and development the information technology architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture%20design%20result" title=" enterprise architecture design result"> enterprise architecture design result</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOGAF%20architecture%20development%20method%20%28ADM%29" title=" TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)"> TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183083/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-urbanism-architecture-and-environmental-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20985</span> The Transformation of Architecture through the Technological Developments in History: Future Architecture Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Gurel">Adel Gurel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozge%20Ceylin%20Yildirim"> Ozge Ceylin Yildirim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, design and architecture are being affected and underwent change with the rapid advancements in technology, economics, politics, society and culture. Architecture has been transforming with the latest developments after the inclusion of computers into design. Integration of design into the computational environment has revolutionized the architecture and new perspectives in architecture have been gained. The history of architecture shows the various technological developments and changes in which the architecture has transformed with time. Therefore, the analysis of integration between technology and the history of the architectural process makes it possible to build a consensus on the idea of how architecture is to proceed. In this study, each period that occurs with the integration of technology into architecture is addressed within historical process. At the same time, changes in architecture via technology are identified as important milestones and predictions with regards to the future of architecture have been determined. Developments and changes in technology and the use of technology in architecture within years are analyzed in charts and graphs comparatively. The historical process of architecture and its transformation via technology are supported with detailed literature review and they are consolidated with the examination of focal points of 20th-century architecture under the titles; parametric design, genetic architecture, simulation, and biomimicry. It is concluded that with the historical research between past and present; the developments in architecture cannot keep up with the advancements in technology and recent developments in technology overshadow the architecture, even the technology decides the direction of architecture. As a result, a scenario is presented with regards to the reach of technology in the future of architecture and the role of the architect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20technologies" title="computer technologies">computer technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20architecture" title=" future architecture"> future architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20developments" title=" scientific developments"> scientific developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97361/the-transformation-of-architecture-through-the-technological-developments-in-history-future-architecture-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20process%20of%20technology%20commercialization&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20process%20of%20technology%20commercialization&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20process%20of%20technology%20commercialization&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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