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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian national calendar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiese_kalender" title="Indiese kalender – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indiese kalender" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="تقويم هندي وطني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم هندي وطني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="শকাব্দ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শকাব্দ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendariu_shaka" title="Calendariu shaka – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calendariu shaka" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind_milli_t%C9%99qvimi" title="Hind milli təqvimi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hind milli təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="ভারতীয় জাতীয় বর্ষপঞ্জি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় জাতীয় বর্ষপঞ্জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Індыйскі нацыянальны каляндар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індыйскі нацыянальны каляндар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deiziadur_broadel_India" title="Deiziadur broadel India – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Deiziadur broadel India" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_shaka" title="Calendari shaka – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari shaka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_kalend%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Indický národní kalendář – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indický národní kalendář" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisk_nationalkalender" title="Indisk nationalkalender – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indisk nationalkalender" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indischer_Nationalkalender" title="Indischer Nationalkalender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indischer Nationalkalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A7%DE%86%DE%A7" title="ސާކާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސާކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ινδουιστικό ημερολόγιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδουιστικό ημερολόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_shaka" title="Calendario shaka – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario shaka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barata_nacia_kalendaro" title="Barata nacia kalendaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Barata nacia kalendaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiako_egutegi_nazionala" title="Indiako egutegi nazionala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indiako egutegi nazionala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="گاه‌شماری ملی هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاه‌شماری ملی هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_national_indien" title="Calendrier national indien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier national indien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndiaaske_kalinder" title="Yndiaaske kalinder – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndiaaske kalinder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_nazion%C3%A2l_indian" title="Calendari nazionâl indian – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Calendari nazionâl indian" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Samvat" title="Shaka Samvat – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shaka Samvat" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97" title="રાષ્ટ્રીય પંચાંગ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રાષ્ટ્રીય પંચાંગ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%95%EB%A0%A5" title="인도 국정력 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 국정력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%81" title="Հնդկաստանի միացյալ ազգային օրացույց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստանի միացյալ ազգային օրացույց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="भारतीय राष्ट्रीय पंचांग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय राष्ट्रीय पंचांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_Saka" title="Kalender Saka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender Saka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_nazionale_indiano" title="Calendario nazionale indiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario nazionale indiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="לוח השנה הלאומי של הודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוח השנה הלאומי של הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananggalan_Saka" title="Pananggalan Saka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pananggalan Saka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Samvat" title="Shaka Samvat – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shaka Samvat" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalandriye_nasyonal_endyen" title="Kalandriye nasyonal endyen – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kalandriye nasyonal endyen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijos_nacionalinis_kalendorius" title="Indijos nacionalinis kalendorius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indijos nacionalinis kalendorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiai_nemzeti_napt%C3%A1r" title="Indiai nemzeti naptár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indiai nemzeti naptár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Индиски национален календар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индиски национален календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%82" title="ശകവർഷം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശകവർഷം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="भारतीय राष्ट्रीय दिनदर्शिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारतीय राष्ट्रीय दिनदर्शिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%89" title="تقويم هندى وطنى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تقويم هندى وطنى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiase_kalender" title="Indiase kalender – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indiase kalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9A%E6%9A%A6" title="インド国定暦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド国定暦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indisk_nasjonalkalender" title="Indisk nasjonalkalender – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indisk nasjonalkalender" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka_Samvat" title="Shaka Samvat – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shaka Samvat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%95_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE" title="ଶକ ପଞ୍ଜିକା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଶକ ପଞ୍ଜିକା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0" title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਕੈਲੰਡਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਕੈਲੰਡਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6" title="ប្រតិទិនជាតិឥណ្ឌា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រតិទិនជាតិឥណ្ឌា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyjski_kalendarz_narodowy" title="Indyjski kalendarz narodowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indyjski kalendarz narodowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_nacional_indiano" title="Calendário nacional indiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário nacional indiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarul_hindus" title="Calendarul hindus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendarul hindus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Единый национальный календарь Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Единый национальный календарь Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भारतस्य राष्ट्रियपञ्चाङ्गम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतस्य राष्ट्रियपञ्चाङ्गम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indian national calendar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indijski_nacionalni_kalendar" title="Indijski nacionalni kalendar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indijski nacionalni kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%A9nder_nasional_India" title="Kalénder nasional India – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kalénder nasional India" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intialainen_ajanlasku" title="Intialainen ajanlasku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intialainen ajanlasku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakakalendern" title="Sakakalendern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sakakalendern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="இந்தியத் தேசிய நாட்காட்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியத் தேசிய நாட்காட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="శక క్యాలెండర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శక క్యాలెండర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ปฏิทินประจำชาติอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิทินประจำชาติอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_ulusal_takvimi" title="Hindistan ulusal takvimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan ulusal takvimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Індійський цивільний календар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індійський цивільний календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8E%86" title="印度国定历 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度国定历" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%86" title="印度國定曆 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Solar calendar used in India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the calendar introduced by the Government of India in 1957. For other calendars using the Śaka era, see <a href="/wiki/Shaka_era" title="Shaka era">Shaka era</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gazette_notification_by_Govt._of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Gazette_notification_by_Govt._of_India.jpg/220px-Gazette_notification_by_Govt._of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Gazette_notification_by_Govt._of_India.jpg/330px-Gazette_notification_by_Govt._of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Gazette_notification_by_Govt._of_India.jpg/440px-Gazette_notification_by_Govt._of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="3508" /></a><figcaption>The Gazette of India is dated in both the Gregorian calendar and the Indian national calendar.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Indian national calendar</b>, also called the <b>Shaka calendar</b> or <b>Śaka calendar</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar calendar</a> that is used alongside the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gazette_of_India" title="The Gazette of India">The Gazette of India</a></i>, in news broadcasts by <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a>, and in calendars and official communications issued by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KnowIndia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KnowIndia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was adopted in 1957 following the recommendation of the Calendar Reform Committee. </p><p><i>Śaka Samvat</i> is generally 78 years behind the Gregorian calendar, except from January–March, when it is behind by 79 years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendar_structure">Calendar structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_national_calendar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Calendar structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The calendar months follow the signs of the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical zodiac">tropical zodiac</a> rather than the <a href="/wiki/Sidereal_zodiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidereal zodiac">sidereal zodiac</a> normally used with the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a> calendars.<sup id="cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndCalSystem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable standard"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Name<sup id="cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndCalSystem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Start date (Gregorian) </th> <th>Tropical zodiac (Western) </th> <th>Tropical zodiac (Sanskrit) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaitra" title="Chaitra">Chaitra</a></td> <td>30 (31)</td> <td>22 (21) March</td> <td>Aries</td> <td>Meṣa </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vaisakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaisakha">Vaisakha</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>21 April</td> <td>Taurus</td> <td>Vṛśabha </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jyeshtha_(month)" title="Jyeshtha (month)">Jyaishtha</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>22 May</td> <td>Gemini</td> <td>Mithuna </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashadha" title="Ashadha">Ashadha</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>22 June</td> <td>Cancer</td> <td>Karkaṭa/Karka </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shravana_(month)" title="Shravana (month)">Sravana</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>23 July</td> <td>Leo</td> <td>Siṃha </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhadra_(Hindu_calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadra (Hindu calendar)">Bhadra</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>23 August</td> <td>Virgo</td> <td>Kanyā </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashvin_(month)" title="Ashvin (month)">Asvina</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>23 September</td> <td>Libra</td> <td>Tulā </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81rtika_(month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kārtika (month)">Kartika</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>23 October</td> <td>Scorpio</td> <td>Vṛiścik‌‌‌a </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agrahayana" title="Agrahayana">Agrahayana</a> or Margasirsha</td> <td>30</td> <td>22 November</td> <td>Sagittarius</td> <td>Dhanur </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pausha" title="Pausha">Pausha</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>22 December</td> <td>Capricorn</td> <td>Makara </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magha_(month)" title="Magha (month)">Magha</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>21 January</td> <td>Aquarius</td> <td>Kumbha </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phalguna" title="Phalguna">Phalguna</a></td> <td>30</td> <td>20 February</td> <td>Pisces</td> <td>Mīna </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Chaitra is the first month of the calendar and begins on or near the <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">March equinox</a>. Chaitra has 30 days and starts on 22 March, except in <a href="/wiki/Leap_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Leap years">leap years</a>, when it has 31 days and starts on 21 March.<sup id="cite_ref-KnowIndia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KnowIndia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All months other than Chaitra start on fixed dates in the Gregorian calendar. The months in the first half of the year all average out to having 31 days, to take into account the slower movement of the sun across the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a> at this time. This is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian calendar">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri calendar</a>. </p><p>The names of the months are derived from the older <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu lunisolar calendar</a>, so variations in spellings exist, and there is a possible source of confusion as to what calendar a date belongs to.<sup id="cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndCalSystem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The names of the weekdays are derived from the <a href="/wiki/Seven_classical_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven classical planets">seven classical planets</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Navagraha" title="Navagraha">Navagraha</a>). The first day of the week is Ravivāra (Sunday).<sup id="cite_ref-Quint-2019-03-22-Shaka_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quint-2019-03-22-Shaka-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official calendar reckoned by the government of India has Sunday as the first and Saturday as the last day of the week.<sup id="cite_ref-Gvt-Ind-calendar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gvt-Ind-calendar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption><span style="font-size:120%">Weekdays of the Shaka calendar</span><sup id="cite_ref-Quint-2019-03-22-Shaka_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quint-2019-03-22-Shaka-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:bottom;"> <th>Ordinal<br />number </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a><br />weekday name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a><br />planet </th> <th>Iconic image </th> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><br />planet </th> <th><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><br />weekday </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><b>1</b></span> </td> <td><i>Ravivāra</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Ravi</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surya_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Surya_graha.JPG/90px-Surya_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Surya_graha.JPG/135px-Surya_graha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Surya_graha.JPG/180px-Surya_graha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1764" data-file-height="2196" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> </td> <td>Sunday </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><b>2</b></span> </td> <td><i>Somavāra</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soma_(deity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soma (deity)">Soma</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandra_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chandra_graha.JPG/90px-Chandra_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chandra_graha.JPG/135px-Chandra_graha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chandra_graha.JPG/180px-Chandra_graha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="2164" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> </td> <td>Monday </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><b>3</b></span> </td> <td><i>Maṅgalavāra</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangala" title="Mangala">Maṅgala</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Angraka_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Angraka_graha.JPG/90px-Angraka_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Angraka_graha.JPG/135px-Angraka_graha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Angraka_graha.JPG/180px-Angraka_graha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1376" data-file-height="1908" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> </td> <td>Tuesday </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><b>4</b></span> </td> <td><i>Budhavāra</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Budha" title="Budha">Budha</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Budha_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Budha_graha.JPG/90px-Budha_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Budha_graha.JPG/135px-Budha_graha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Budha_graha.JPG/180px-Budha_graha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="1896" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> </td> <td>Wednesday </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><b>5</b></span> </td> <td><i>Bṛhaspativāra</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brihaspati" title="Brihaspati">Bṛhaspati</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brihaspati_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brihaspati_graha.JPG/120px-Brihaspati_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brihaspati_graha.JPG/250px-Brihaspati_graha.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="1820" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> </td> <td>Thursday </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><b>6</b></span> </td> <td><i>Śukravāra</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shukra" title="Shukra">Śukra</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shukra_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Shukra_graha.JPG/90px-Shukra_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Shukra_graha.JPG/135px-Shukra_graha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Shukra_graha.JPG/180px-Shukra_graha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1884" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> </td> <td>Friday </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><b>7</b></span> </td> <td><i>Śanivāra</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shani" title="Shani">Śani</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shani_graha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shani_graha.JPG/120px-Shani_graha.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Shani_graha.JPG/250px-Shani_graha.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a> </td> <td>Saturday </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>Years are counted in the <a href="/wiki/Shaka_era" title="Shaka era">Shaka era</a>, which starts its <a href="/wiki/Year_0" class="mw-redirect" title="Year 0">year 0</a> in the year <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/AD_78" title="AD 78">78 <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CE</span></span></a></span> of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a>. To determine leap years, add 78 to the <i>Shaka</i> year – if the result is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar, then the Shaka year is a leap year as well.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_national_calendar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senior Indian <a href="/wiki/Astrophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysicist">Astrophysicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a> was the head of the Calendar Reform Committee under the aegis of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research" title="Council of Scientific and Industrial Research">Council of Scientific and Industrial Research</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was Saha's effort which led to the formation of the committee in 1952. The task before the committee was to prepare an accurate calendar based on scientific study, which could be adopted uniformly throughout India. The committee had to undertake a detailed study of thirty different calendars prevalent in different parts of the country. The task was further complicated by the integration of those calendars with religion and local sentiments. </p><p>In 1954 the committee recommended a fixed tropical solar calendar for use as a unified national civil calendar, which was adopted as the Indian national calendar. A tropical lunisolar calendar was also proposed for religious purposes but this recommendation was not accepted. </p><p>India's first prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, in his preface to the Report of the committee, published in 1955, wrote: </p> <dl><dd>"They (different calendars) represent past political divisions in the country ... . Now that we have attained Independence, it is obviously desirable that there should be a certain uniformity in the calendar for our civic, social, and other purposes, and this should be done on a scientific approach to this problem."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Usage started officially on 1 Chaitra 1879 Saka Era, or 22 March 1957. However, despite the government's attempts to propagate the calendar through official Rashtriya Panchangs, the Indian national calendar did not find acceptance with panchang makers or the general public, and current usage is largely limited to governmental offices. Existing calendars based on the Saka era remain in use, which can lead to confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndCalSystem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_national_calendar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_basis_of_the_Hindu_calendar" title="Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar">Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a>, a related Indic calendar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_national_calendar" title="Bangladeshi national calendar">Bangladeshi national calendar</a>, a revised form of Bengali calendar used in Bangladesh</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishuddha_Siddhanta_Panjika" title="Vishuddha Siddhanta Panjika">Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_calendars" title="History of calendars">History of calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Year%27s_days" title="Indian New Year's days">Indian New Year's days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_calendars" title="List of calendars">List of calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_(Indian_season)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritu (Indian season)">Ritu (Indian season)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaka_era" title="Shaka era">Shaka era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_national_calendar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Ravivāra</i> is also called <i>Adivara</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bṛhaspativāra</i> is also called <i>Guruvara</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Other members of the Calendar Reform Committee were: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 8em;"> <dl><dd>A.C. Banerjee</dd> <dd>K.L. Daftari</dd> <dd>J.S. Karandikar</dd> <dd>Gorakh Prasad</dd> <dd>R.V. Vaidya</dd> <dd>N.C. Lahiri</dd></dl> </div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_national_calendar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KnowIndia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KnowIndia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KnowIndia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-calendar.php">"National calendar"</a>. National identity elements. <i>Know India: National portal of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Know+India%3A+National+portal+of+India&rft.atitle=National+calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowindia.india.gov.in%2Fnational-identity-elements%2Fnational-calendar.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndCalSystem-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndCalSystem_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee1998" class="citation book cs1">Chatterjee, S. K. (1998). <i>Indian Calendric System</i>. New Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Calendric+System&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Information+and+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quint-2019-03-22-Shaka-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quint-2019-03-22-Shaka_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quint-2019-03-22-Shaka_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thequint.com/news/india/indian-national-calendar-saka-calendar-new-year-22-march-1941">"Happy 'Saka' New Year 1941: Story Behind India's National Calendar"</a>. <i>The Quint (thequint.com)</i>. 22 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quint+%28thequint.com%29&rft.atitle=Happy+%27Saka%27+New+Year+1941%3A+Story+Behind+India%27s+National+Calendar&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thequint.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Findian-national-calendar-saka-calendar-new-year-22-march-1941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gvt-Ind-calendar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gvt-Ind-calendar_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.gov.in/calendar">"Holiday calendar"</a>. <i>india.gov.in</i> (official website). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=india.gov.in&rft.atitle=Holiday+calendar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.gov.in%2Fcalendar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/chronology/Reckonings-dated-from-a-historical-event#ref523197">"Chronology – reckonings dated from a historical event"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2023</span> – via britannica.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology+%E2%80%93+reckonings+dated+from+a+historical+event&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fchronology%2FReckonings-dated-from-a-historical-event%23ref523197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150223073932/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/saha/sahanew.htm">"Meghnad Saha, a pioneer in astrophysics"</a>. <i>Vigyan Prasar science portal (vigyanprasar.gov.in)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/scientists/saha/sahanew.htm">the original</a> on 23 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vigyan+Prasar+science+portal+%28vigyanprasar.gov.in%29&rft.atitle=Meghnad+Saha%2C+a+pioneer+in+astrophysics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vigyanprasar.gov.in%2Fscientists%2Fsaha%2Fsahanew.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span> See also <a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_national_calendar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSahaBanerjeeDaftariKarandikar1955" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Saha, M.N. (chairman)</a>; Banerjee, A.C.; Daftari, K.L.; Karandikar, J.S.; Prasad, Gorakh; Vaidya, R.V.; Lahiri, N.C. (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/39692/GIPE-043972.pdf">Report of the Calendar Reform Committee</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – via dspace.gipe.ac.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Calendar+Reform+Committee&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Council+of+Scientific+and+Industrial+Research&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Saha&rft.aufirst=M.N.+%28chairman%29&rft.au=Banerjee%2C+A.C.&rft.au=Daftari%2C+K.L.&rft.au=Karandikar%2C+J.S.&rft.au=Prasad%2C+Gorakh&rft.au=Vaidya%2C+R.V.&rft.au=Lahiri%2C+N.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.gipe.ac.in%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10973%2F39692%2FGIPE-043972.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichards1998" class="citation book cs1">Richards, Edward Graham (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GqXDQgAACAAJ"><i>Mapping Time: The calendar and its history</i></a> (illstd., reprint, rev. ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">184–</span>185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-286205-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-286205-1"><bdi>978-0-19-286205-1</bdi></a> – via Google books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+Time%3A+The+calendar+and+its+history&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E184-%3C%2Fspan%3E185&rft.edition=illstd.%2C+reprint%2C+rev.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-286205-1&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Edward+Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGqXDQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_national_calendar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoggett" class="citation web cs1">Doggett, L.E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/calendars.html">"Calendars and their history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calendars+and+their+history&rft.pub=NASA+%2F+Goddard+Space+Flight+Center&rft.aulast=Doggett&rft.aufirst=L.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov%2FSEhelp%2Fcalendars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLian" class="citation web cs1">Lian, Leow Choon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180417203122/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/projects/lcl.pdf">"Indian calendars"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Mathematics. <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore" title="National University of Singapore">National University of Singapore</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/projects/lcl.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF, 1.22 MB)</span> on 17 April 2018 – via math.nus.edu.sg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+calendars&rft.series=Department+of+Mathematics&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore&rft.aulast=Lian&rft.aufirst=Leow+Choon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.nus.edu.sg%2Faslaksen%2Fprojects%2Flcl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowindia.india.gov.in/national-identity-elements/national-calendar.php">Indian National Calendar</a> (Report). National identity elements. New Dehli, IN: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> – via india.gov.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Indian+National+Calendar&rft.place=New+Dehli%2C+IN&rft.series=National+identity+elements&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowindia.india.gov.in%2Fnational-identity-elements%2Fnational-calendar.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://packolkata.gov.in/?lan=en">Current and past issues of the <i>Rashtriya Panchang</i> and <i>the Indian Astronomical Ephemeris</i></a>. Positional Astronomy Centre (Report). <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a> – via packolkata.gov.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Current+and+past+issues+of+the+Rashtriya+Panchang+and+the+Indian+Astronomical+Ephemeris&rft.series=India+Meteorological+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpackolkata.gov.in%2F%3Flan%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+national+calendar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Symbols_of_India" title="Template talk:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Symbols of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_National_symbols_of_India162" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_India" title="National symbols of India">National symbols of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitutional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Flag of India</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Flag)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">Emblem of India</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Emblem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Motto)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Anthem)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram">Vande Mataram</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Song)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pledge_(India)" title="National Pledge (India)">National Pledge</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Pledge)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/160px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_peafowl" title="Indian peafowl">Indian peafowl</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Bird)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Flower)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficus_benghalensis" title="Ficus benghalensis">Banyan</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Tree)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Fruit)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Heritage animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_river_dolphin" title="Ganges river dolphin">Ganges river dolphin</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Aquatic animal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_cobra" title="King cobra">King cobra</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Reptile)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus_delbrueckii_subsp._bulgaricus" title="Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Microbe)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanti" title="Gandhi Jayanti">Gandhi Jayanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(River)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Calendar</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Calendar)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Calendars642" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendars" title="Template:Calendars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calendars" title="Template talk:Calendars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calendars642" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In wide use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In more<br />limited use</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_calendar" title="Assamese calendar">Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí</a> <ul><li>Badí‘</li></ul></li> <li>Bali <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi calendar">Bangladeshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">Solar term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_holidays" title="Heathen holidays">Germanic heathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_calendar" title="Hmong calendar">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali</a> <ul><li>medieval</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish</a> <ul><li>Gaelic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasli_calendar" title="Fasli calendar">Fasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" title="Tabular Islamic calendar">Tabular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirhuta Panchang">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_calendar" title="Meitei calendar">Manipuri (Meitei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_calendar" title="Melanau calendar">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_calendar" title="Mizo calendar">Mizo (Lushai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian</a></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_Sambat" title="Yele Sambat">Yele Sambat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_calendar" title="Shona calendar">Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_calendar" title="Somali calendar">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_calendar" title="Sotho calendar">Sesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays">Slavic Native Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_months" title="Macedonian months">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_calendar" title="Thai calendar">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" title="Tripuri calendar">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_calendar" title="Tulu calendar">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar round">Calendar round</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">Tōnalpōhualli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_calendar" title="Cappadocian calendar">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_calendar" title="Cham calendar">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Culāsakaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca calendar">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar"><i>Rumi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a> <ul><li>anthropological</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a> <ul><li>historiographical</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian</a> <ul><li>Martian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a> <ul><li>New Age</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">'Pataphysical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Reform proposals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Displays and<br />applications</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_calendar" title="Digital calendar">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Year naming<br />and numbering</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Lucis" title="Anno Lucis">Anno Lucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">Anno Martyrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Chinese Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human (Holocene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirayana_system" title="Nirayana system">Nirayana system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yugas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_(world)#Calendar" title="Discworld (world)">Discworld</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanaess#Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanaess">Greyhawk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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