CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fever - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2e866354-e1d8-413f-9f21-5ff889be5c40","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fever","wgTitle":"Fever","wgCurRevisionId":1257717671,"wgRevisionId":1257717671,"wgArticleId":46253,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1: long volume value","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2018","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2020","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from April 2020","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description", "Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2020","All pages needing factual verification","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020","Commons category link from Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate","Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate","Fever","Symptoms and signs"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fever","wgRelevantArticleId":46253,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q38933","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles": "ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Symptoms-fever.jpg/1200px-Symptoms-fever.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1553"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Symptoms-fever.jpg/800px-Symptoms-fever.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1035"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Symptoms-fever.jpg/640px-Symptoms-fever.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="828"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fever - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fever rootpage-Fever skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fever" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fever" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fever" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fever" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_symptoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_symptoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Associated symptoms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associated_symptoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Diagnosis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Diagnosis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hyperthermia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyperthermia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Hyperthermia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyperthermia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Types </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Types subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hyperpyrexia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hyperpyrexia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Hyperpyrexia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hyperpyrexia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differential_diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differential_diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Differential diagnosis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differential_diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Function </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Function subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Immune_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immune_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Immune function </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immune_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages_and_disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Advantages and disadvantages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pathophysiology_of_fever_induction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pathophysiology_of_fever_induction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Pathophysiology of fever induction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pathophysiology_of_fever_induction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Pathophysiology of fever induction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Pathophysiology_of_fever_induction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hypothalamus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypothalamus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Hypothalamus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypothalamus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pyrogens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pyrogens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Pyrogens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pyrogens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endogenous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endogenous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Endogenous </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endogenous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exogenous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exogenous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Exogenous </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exogenous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PGE2_release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PGE2_release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 PGE2 release </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PGE2_release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Management </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Management-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Management subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conservative_measures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservative_measures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Conservative measures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservative_measures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Medications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Epidemiology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Society and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Society and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Society_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Mythology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pediatrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pediatrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Pediatrics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pediatrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Other species </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Fever</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 119 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" > 119 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koors" title="Koors – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koors" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B5%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%B3%E1%89%B5" title="ትኩሳት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ትኩሳት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%89" title="حمى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AB%DC%AC%DC%90_(%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܫܬܐ (ܐܣܝܘܬܐ) – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܫܬܐ (ܐܣܝܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Տենդ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տենդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavr%C3%A2" title="Heavrâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Heavrâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0" title="জ্বৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জ্বৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiebre" title="Fiebre – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fiebre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C3%A3nundu" title="Akãnundu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Akãnundu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1zd%C4%B1rma" title="Qızdırma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qızdırma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="জ্বর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্বর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-sio" title="Hoat-sio – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-sio" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ліхаманка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліхаманка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ліхаманка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ліхаманка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalintura" title="Kalintura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kalintura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Треска (медицина) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Треска (медицина)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Groznica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febre" title="Febre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Febre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hore%C4%8Dka" title="Horečka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Horečka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_dwymyn" title="Y dwymyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y dwymyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feber" title="Feber – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Feber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fieber" title="Fieber – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fieber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palavik" title="Palavik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palavik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πυρετός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρετός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiebre" title="Fiebre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fiebre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febro" title="Febro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Febro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukar" title="Sukar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sukar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8" title="تب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C3%A8vre" title="Fièvre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fièvre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiabhras" title="Fiabhras – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fiabhras" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febre" title="Febre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Febre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5" title="તાવ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાવ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%97%B4" title="발열 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발열" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazza%C9%93i" title="Zazzaɓi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zazzaɓi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Տենդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տենդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्वर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज्वर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Groznica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febro" title="Febro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Febro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demam" title="Demam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Demam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febre" title="Febre – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Febre" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiti_(sj%C3%BAkd%C3%B3ms%C3%A1stand)" title="Hiti (sjúkdómsástand) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hiti (sjúkdómsástand)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febbre" title="Febbre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Febbre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9D_(%D7%AA%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F)" title="חום (תסמין) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חום (תסמין)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜ್ವರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜ್ವರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ცხელება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცხელება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%BE%DA%BE" title="تَپھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تَپھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Қызба – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қызба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa" title="Homa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Homa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafy%C3%A8v" title="Lafyèv – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lafyèv" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Ta (biyolojî) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ta (biyolojî)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Калтыратма – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калтыратма" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febris" title="Febris – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Febris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drudzis" title="Drudzis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Drudzis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%A1%C4%8Diavimas" title="Karščiavimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karščiavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mofa%27aukhu" title="Mofa'aukhu – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Mofa'aukhu" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%9B%CC%81f%C9%9Bl%C9%9B" title="Fɛ́fɛlɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Fɛ́fɛlɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever" title="Fever – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fever" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1z_(%C3%A9lettan)" title="Láz (élettan) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Láz (élettan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B0)" title="Треска (состојба) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Треска (состојба)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="പനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%89" title="حمى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حمى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demam" title="Demam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Demam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damam" title="Damam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Damam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဖျားနာခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖျားနာခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koorts" title="Koorts – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koorts" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="ज्वरो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ज्वरो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्वर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्वर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BA%E7%86%B1" title="発熱 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="発熱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feber" title="Feber – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Feber" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feber" title="Feber – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Feber" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A8bre" title="Fèbre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fèbre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%B0" title="ଜ୍ୱର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜ୍ୱର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isitma" title="Isitma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Isitma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA_(%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80)" title="ਤਾਪ (ਬਿਮਾਰੀ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਪ (ਬਿਮਾਰੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="تاپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تاپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%82%8F" title="ထာꩻဆော့ရောႏဂါႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ထာꩻဆော့ရောႏဂါႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gor%C4%85czka" title="Gorączka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gorączka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febre" title="Febre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Febre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febr%C4%83" title="Febră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Febră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruphariy" title="Ruphariy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruphariy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лихорадка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лихорадка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="ज्वरः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ज्वरः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9" title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feberu" title="Feberu – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Feberu" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethet" title="Ethet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ethet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frevi" title="Frevi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Frevi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AB" title="උණ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever" title="Fever – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fever" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%BE" title="تپ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تپ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hor%C3%BA%C4%8Dka" title="Horúčka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Horúčka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vro%C4%8Dina" title="Vročina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vročina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7_(%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B4%DB%8C)" title="تا (نیشانەی نەخۆشی) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تا (نیشانەی نەخۆشی)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Groznica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Groznica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriang" title="Muriang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muriang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuume" title="Kuume – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuume" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feber" title="Feber – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Feber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagnat" title="Lagnat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lagnat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="காய்ச்சல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காய்ச்சல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawla" title="Tawla – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tawla" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="జ్వరం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జ్వరం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89" title="ไข้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไข้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Таб – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Таб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A" title="ಜರೊ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜರೊ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C5%9F_(t%C4%B1p)" title="Ateş (tıp) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ateş (tıp)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гарячка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гарячка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بخار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بخار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7" title="قىزىتما – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىزىتما" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatndat" title="Fatndat – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fatndat" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevra" title="Fevra – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fevra" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%91t" title="Sốt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sốt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five" title="Five – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Five" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiranat" title="Hiranat – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hiranat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E7%83%AD" title="寒热 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="寒热" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פיבער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ib%C3%A0" title="Ibà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ibà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%87%92" title="發燒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="發燒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E7%83%AD" title="发热 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="发热" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38933#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fever" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Fever" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fever">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fever">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fever" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fever" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&oldid=1257717671" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fever&id=1257717671&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFever">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFever">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fever&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fever" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38933" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Raised body temperature due to disease</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fever_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fever (disambiguation)">Fever (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Fever</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Pyrexia, febrile response, febrile<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Symptoms-fever.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Symptoms-fever.jpg/220px-Symptoms-fever.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Symptoms-fever.jpg/330px-Symptoms-fever.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Symptoms-fever.jpg/440px-Symptoms-fever.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="3300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Person with fever</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease (medical specialty)">Infectious disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">pediatrics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Symptoms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Initially: <a href="/wiki/Shivering" title="Shivering">shivering</a>, feeling <a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">cold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chills" title="Chills">chills</a><a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a> Later: <a href="/wiki/Flushed" class="mw-redirect" title="Flushed">flushed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweat">sweating</a><a href="#cite_note-Sue2014-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Febrile_seizure" title="Febrile seizure">Febrile seizure</a><a href="#cite_note-CDC2010-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Causes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, increase in the body's temperature <a href="/wiki/Human_body_temperature#Fever" title="Human body temperature">set point</a><a href="#cite_note-Kl2015-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gar2012p375-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic method</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Temperature higher than the normal range of 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F)<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC09-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Differential_diagnosis" title="Differential diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a><a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Treatment</th><td class="infobox-data">Based on underlying cause, not required for fever itself<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ric2015-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">Medication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (acetaminophen)<a href="#cite_note-Ric2015-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gar2012-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Frequency</th><td class="infobox-data">Common<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ki2013-11">[11]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of organism's anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with <a href="/wiki/Human_body_temperature" title="Human body temperature">body temperature</a> exceeding the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature <a href="/wiki/Human_body_temperature#Fever" title="Human body temperature">set point</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kl2015-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gar2012p375-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a> There is no single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature: sources use values ranging between 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F) in humans.<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC09-8">[8]</a> The increase in set point triggers increased <a href="/wiki/Muscle_tone" title="Muscle tone">muscle contractions</a> and causes a feeling of <a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">cold</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chills" title="Chills">chills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a> This results in greater heat production and efforts to conserve heat.<a href="#cite_note-Sue2014-3">[3]</a> When the set point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes <a href="/wiki/Flushing_(physiology)" title="Flushing (physiology)">flushed</a>, and may begin to <a href="/wiki/Perspiration" title="Perspiration">sweat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sue2014-3">[3]</a> Rarely a fever may trigger a <a href="/wiki/Febrile_seizure" title="Febrile seizure">febrile seizure</a>, with this being more common in young children.<a href="#cite_note-CDC2010-4">[4]</a> Fevers do not typically go higher than 41 to 42 °C (106 to 108 °F).<a href="#cite_note-Gar2012p375-6">[6]</a> A fever can be caused by many <a href="/wiki/Medical_conditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical conditions">medical conditions</a> ranging from non-serious to <a href="/wiki/Life-threatening" class="mw-redirect" title="Life-threatening">life-threatening</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gar2012p5-13">[13]</a> This includes <a href="/wiki/Viral_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Viral infection">viral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial infection">bacterial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasitic infections">parasitic infections</a>—such as <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract infections">urinary tract infections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lassa_fever" title="Lassa fever">Lassa fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gar2012p5-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rod2020-14">[14]</a> Non-infectious causes include <a href="/wiki/Vasculitis" title="Vasculitis">vasculitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis" title="Deep vein thrombosis">deep vein thrombosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connective_tissue_disease" title="Connective tissue disease">connective tissue disease</a>, side effects of medication or vaccination, and <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gar2012p5-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> It differs from <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a>, in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">heat loss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a> Treatment to reduce fever is generally not required.<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ric2015-9">[9]</a> Treatment of associated pain and inflammation, however, may be useful and help a person rest.<a href="#cite_note-Ric2015-9">[9]</a> Medications such as <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">paracetamol</a> (acetaminophen) may help with this as well as lower temperature.<a href="#cite_note-Ric2015-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gar2012-10">[10]</a> Children younger than three months require medical attention, as might people with serious medical problems such as a <a href="/wiki/Compromised_immune_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Compromised immune system">compromised immune system</a> or people with other symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a> requires treatment.<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a> Fever is one of the most common <a href="/wiki/Medical_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical signs">medical signs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a> It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a> and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick.<a href="#cite_note-Ki2013-11">[11]</a> While fever evolved as a defense mechanism, <a href="/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic">treating a fever</a> does not appear to improve or worsen outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-Sch2006-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Antipyretic_therapy_in_febrile_crit-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a> Fever is often viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than is usually deserved, a phenomenon known as "fever phobia."<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_symptoms">Associated symptoms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Associated symptoms">edit</a>]</div> A fever is usually accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Sickness_behavior" title="Sickness behavior">sickness behavior</a>, which consists of <a href="/wiki/Lethargy" title="Lethargy">lethargy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anorexia_(symptom)" title="Anorexia (symptom)">loss of appetite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleepiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepiness">sleepiness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperalgesia" title="Hyperalgesia">hyperalgesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and the inability to concentrate. Sleeping with a fever can often cause intense or confusing <a href="/wiki/Nightmare" title="Nightmare">nightmares</a>, commonly called "fever dreams".<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Mild to severe <a href="/wiki/Delirium" title="Delirium">delirium</a> (which can also cause <a href="/wiki/Hallucinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallucinations">hallucinations</a>) may also present itself during high fevers.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Diagnosis">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#6666AA; color:#ffffff; font-size:125%;"> Temperature classification</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table style="white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Core_temperature#Core_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Core temperature">Core</a> (rectal, esophageal, etc.)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></td><td> <35.0 °C (95.0 °F)<a href="#cite_note-Rosen-25">[25]</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Human_body_temperature" title="Human body temperature">Normal</a></td><td> 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F)<a href="#cite_note-pmid18788094-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fever</a></td><td> >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC09-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a></td><td> >37.5 or 38.3 °C (99.5 or 100.9 °F)<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC09-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hyperpyrexia">Hyperpyrexia</a></td><td> >40.0 or 41.0 °C (104.0 or 105.8 °F)<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> Note: The difference between fever and hyperthermia is the underlying mechanism. Different sources have different cut-offs for fever, hyperthermia and hyperpyrexia.</td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HumanTemperature" title="Template:HumanTemperature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HumanTemperature" title="Template talk:HumanTemperature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HumanTemperature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HumanTemperature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> A range for <a href="/wiki/Normal_human_body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal human body temperature">normal temperatures</a> has been found.<a href="#cite_note-CC09-8">[8]</a> Central temperatures, such as rectal temperatures, are more accurate than peripheral temperatures.<a href="#cite_note-Niven2015-30">[30]</a> Fever is generally agreed to be present if the elevated temperature<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> is caused by a raised set point and: <ul><li>Temperature in the <a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">anus</a> (rectum/rectal) is at or over 37.5–38.3 °C (99.5–100.9 °F).<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-CC09-8">[8]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">ear</a> (tympanic) or <a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">forehead</a> (temporal) temperature may also be used.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Temperature in the mouth (oral) is at or over 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) in the morning or over 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) in the afternoon<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reiew09-34">[34]</a></li> <li>Temperature under the arm (axillary) is usually about 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) below core body temperature.<a href="#cite_note-Pecoraro_Petri_Costantino_Squizzato_pp._1071–1083-35">[35]</a></li></ul> In adults, the <a href="/wiki/Normal_human_body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal human body temperature">normal range</a> of oral temperatures in healthy individuals is 35.7–37.7 °C (96.3–99.9 °F) among men and 33.2–38.1 °C (91.8–100.6 °F) among women, while when taken rectally it is 36.7–37.5 °C (98.1–99.5 °F) among men and 36.8–37.1 °C (98.2–98.8 °F) among women, and for <a href="/wiki/Tympanic_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tympanic membrane">ear</a> measurement it is 35.5–37.5 °C (95.9–99.5 °F) among men and 35.7–37.5 °C (96.3–99.5 °F) among women.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12000664-36">[36]</a> Normal body temperatures vary depending on many factors, including age, sex, time of day, ambient temperature, activity level, and more.<a href="#cite_note-Garami-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Normal daily temperature variation has been described as 0.5 °C (0.9 °F).<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a>: 4012  A raised temperature is not always a fever.<a href="#cite_note-Garami-37">[37]</a> For example, the temperature rises in healthy people when they exercise, but this is not considered a fever, as the set point is normal.<a href="#cite_note-Garami-37">[37]</a> On the other hand, a "normal" temperature may be a fever, if it is unusually high for that person; for example, <a href="/wiki/Medically_frail" class="mw-redirect" title="Medically frail">medically frail</a> elderly people have a decreased ability to generate body heat, so a "normal" temperature of 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) may represent a clinically significant fever.<a href="#cite_note-Garami-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hyperthermia">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a> is an elevation of body temperature over the temperature set point, due to either too much heat production or not enough <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">heat loss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NC08-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a> Hyperthermia is thus not considered fever.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a>: 103 <a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Hyperthermia should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hyperpyrexia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperpyrexia">hyperpyrexia</a> (which is a very high fever).<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a>: 102  Clinically, it is important to distinguish between fever and hyperthermia as hyperthermia may quickly lead to death and does not respond to antipyretic medications. The distinction may however be difficult to make in an emergency setting, and is often established by identifying possible causes.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a>: 103  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Types">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fever_Patterns_v1.2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Fever_Patterns_v1.2.svg/400px-Fever_Patterns_v1.2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Fever_Patterns_v1.2.svg/600px-Fever_Patterns_v1.2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Fever_Patterns_v1.2.svg/800px-Fever_Patterns_v1.2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>Different fever patterns observed in Plasmodium infections</figcaption></figure>Various patterns of measured patient temperatures have been observed, some of which may be indicative of a particular <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">medical diagnosis</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_fever" title="Continuous fever">Continuous fever</a>, where temperature remains above normal and does not fluctuate more than 1 °C in 24 hours<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> (e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Bacterial_pneumonia" title="Bacterial pneumonia">bacterial pneumonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infective_endocarditis" title="Infective endocarditis">infective endocarditis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a>).<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_fever" title="Intermittent fever">Intermittent fever</a> is present only for a certain period, later cycling back to normal (e.g., in <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis" title="Visceral leishmaniasis">leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyemia">pyemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> or <a href="/wiki/African_trypanosomiasis" title="African trypanosomiasis">African trypanosomiasis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittent_fever" title="Remittent fever">Remittent fever</a>, where the temperature remains above normal throughout the day and fluctuates more than 1 °C in 24 hours (e.g., in <a href="/wiki/Infective_endocarditis" title="Infective endocarditis">infective endocarditis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">brucellosis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%E2%80%93Ebstein_fever" title="Pel–Ebstein fever">Pel–Ebstein fever</a> is a cyclic fever that is rarely seen in patients with <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin%27s_lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodgkin's lymphoma">Hodgkin's lymphoma</a>.</li> <li>Undulant fever, seen in <a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">brucellosis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">Typhoid fever</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Continuous_fever" title="Continuous fever">continuous fever</a> showing a characteristic step-ladder pattern, a step-wise increase in temperature with a high plateau.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li></ul> Among the types of intermittent fever are ones specific to cases of malaria caused by different pathogens. These are:<a href="#cite_note-Ferri_2009-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <ul><li>Quotidian fever, with a 24-hour periodicity, typical of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_knowlesi" title="Plasmodium knowlesi">Plasmodium knowlesi</a> (P. knowlesi);<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertian_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertian fever">Tertian fever</a>, with a 48-hour periodicity, typical of later course <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum" title="Plasmodium falciparum">P. falciparum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_vivax" title="Plasmodium vivax">P. vivax</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_ovale" title="Plasmodium ovale">P. ovale</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Ferri_2009-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartan_fever" title="Quartan fever">Quartan fever</a>, with a 72-hour periodicity, typical of later course <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Plasmodium_malariae" title="Plasmodium malariae">P. malariae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ferri_2009-48">[48]</a></li></ul> In addition, there is disagreement regarding whether a specific fever pattern is associated with <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin%27s_lymphoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodgkin's lymphoma">Hodgkin's lymphoma</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Pel%E2%80%93Ebstein_fever" title="Pel–Ebstein fever">Pel–Ebstein fever</a>, with patients argued to present high temperature for one week, followed by low for the next week, and so on, where the generality of this pattern is debated.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Persistent fever that cannot be explained after repeated routine clinical inquiries is called <a href="/wiki/Fever_of_unknown_origin" title="Fever of unknown origin">fever of unknown origin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Neutropenic_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutropenic fever">neutropenic fever</a>, also called febrile neutropenia, is a fever in the absence of normal immune system function.<a href="#cite_note-Klastersky_2014_13–26-55">[55]</a> Because of the lack of infection-fighting <a href="/wiki/Neutrophil" title="Neutrophil">neutrophils</a>, a bacterial infection can spread rapidly; this fever is, therefore, usually considered to require urgent medical attention.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> This kind of fever is more commonly seen in people receiving immune-suppressing <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> than in apparently healthy people.<a href="#cite_note-Klastersky_2014_13–26-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyperpyrexia">Hyperpyrexia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hyperpyrexia">edit</a>]</div> Hyperpyrexia is an extreme elevation of <a href="/wiki/Body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Body temperature">body temperature</a> which, depending upon the source, is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Core_body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Core body temperature">core body temperature</a> greater than or equal to 40 or 41 °C (104 or 106 °F); the range of hyperpyrexia includes cases considered severe (≥ 40 °C) and extreme (≥ 42 °C).<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-MDMA-Hyperpyrexia_systematic_review-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Neurobiology_of_hyperthermia-59">[59]</a> It differs from <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a> in that one's <a href="/wiki/Human_thermoregulation#Thermoregulation_in_humans" title="Human thermoregulation">thermoregulatory system's set point</a> for body temperature is set above normal, then heat is generated to achieve it. In contrast, hyperthermia involves body temperature rising above its <a href="/wiki/Human_thermoregulation#Thermoregulation_in_humans" title="Human thermoregulation">set point</a> due to outside factors.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The high temperatures of hyperpyrexia are considered <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergencies</a>, as they may indicate a serious underlying condition or lead to severe morbidity (including permanent <a href="/wiki/Brain_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain damage">brain damage</a>), or to death.<a href="#cite_note-EM01-61">[61]</a> A common cause of hyperpyrexia is an <a href="/wiki/Intracranial_hemorrhage" title="Intracranial hemorrhage">intracranial hemorrhage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a> Other causes in emergency room settings include <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawasaki syndrome">Kawasaki syndrome</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Marx_2006_2506-62">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neuroleptic_malignant_syndrome" title="Neuroleptic malignant syndrome">neuroleptic malignant syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">drug overdose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serotonin_syndrome" title="Serotonin syndrome">serotonin syndrome</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_storm" title="Thyroid storm">thyroid storm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EM01-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differential_diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Differential diagnosis">edit</a>]</div> Fever is a common <a href="/wiki/Symptom" class="mw-redirect" title="Symptom">symptom</a> of many medical conditions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">Infectious disease</a>, e.g., <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Rod2020-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dengue" class="mw-redirect" title="Dengue">dengue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus disease">Ebola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocky_mountain_spotted_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky mountain spotted fever">rocky mountain spotted fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syphilis#Secondary" title="Syphilis">secondary syphilis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infectious_mononucleosis" title="Infectious mononucleosis">mononucleosis</a>, as well as infections of the skin, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Abscess" title="Abscess">abscesses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boils" class="mw-redirect" title="Boils">boils</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunological</a> diseases, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Relapsing_polychondritis" title="Relapsing polychondritis">relapsing polychondritis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Puechal_2014-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_hepatitis" title="Autoimmune hepatitis">autoimmune hepatitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granulomatosis_with_polyangiitis" title="Granulomatosis with polyangiitis">granulomatosis with polyangiitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horton_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Horton disease">Horton disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">inflammatory bowel diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_disease" title="Kawasaki disease">Kawasaki disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">lupus erythematosus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">sarcoidosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adult-onset_Still%27s_disease" title="Adult-onset Still's disease">Still's disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lymphoproliferative_disorders" title="Lymphoproliferative disorders">lymphoproliferative disorders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>;[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Tissue destruction, as a result of <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral hemorrhage">cerebral bleeding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crush_syndrome" title="Crush syndrome">crush syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemolysis" title="Hemolysis">hemolysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infarction" title="Infarction">infarction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhabdomyolysis" title="Rhabdomyolysis">rhabdomyolysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a>, etc.;<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancers</a>, particularly blood cancers such as <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lymphoma" title="Lymphoma">lymphomas</a>;<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_disorder" title="Metabolic disorder">Metabolic disorders</a>, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Gout" title="Gout">gout</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Porphyria" title="Porphyria">porphyria</a>;<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>Inherited metabolic disorder, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Fabry_disease" title="Fabry disease">Fabry disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a></li></ul> Adult and pediatric manifestations for the same disease may differ; for instance, in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, one metastudy describes 92.8% of adults versus 43.9% of children presenting with fever.<a href="#cite_note-Rod2020-14">[14]</a> In addition, fever can result from a reaction to an incompatible blood product.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Function">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fever-conceptual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fever-conceptual.svg/350px-Fever-conceptual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fever-conceptual.svg/525px-Fever-conceptual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fever-conceptual.svg/700px-Fever-conceptual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Hyperthermia: Characterized on the left. Normal body temperature (thermoregulatory set point) is shown in green, while the hyperthermic temperature is shown in red. As can be seen, hyperthermia can be conceptualized as an increase above the thermoregulatory set point. Hypothermia: Characterized in the center: Normal body temperature is shown in green, while the hypothermic temperature is shown in blue. As can be seen, hypothermia can be conceptualized as a decrease below the thermoregulatory set point. Fever: Characterized on the right: Normal body temperature is shown in green. It reads "New Normal" because the thermoregulatory set point has risen. This has caused what was the normal body temperature (in blue) to be considered hypothermic.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immune_function">Immune function</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Immune function">edit</a>]</div> Fever is thought to contribute to host defense,<a href="#cite_note-Sch2006-17">[17]</a> as the reproduction of <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> with strict temperature requirements can be hindered, and the rates of some important immunological reactions are increased by temperature.<a href="#cite_note-Fischler-76">[76]</a> Fever has been described in teaching texts as assisting the healing process in various ways, including: <dl><dd><ul><li>increased mobility of <a href="/wiki/Leukocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukocytes">leukocytes</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Craven2003-77">[77]</a>: 1044 </li> <li>enhanced leukocyte <a href="/wiki/Phagocytosis" title="Phagocytosis">phagocytosis</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Craven2003-77">[77]</a>: 1030 </li> <li>decreased <a href="/wiki/Endotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Endotoxin">endotoxin</a> effects;<a href="#cite_note-Craven2003-77">[77]</a>: 1029  and</li> <li>increased <a href="/wiki/Cell_proliferation" title="Cell proliferation">proliferation</a> of <a href="/wiki/T_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="T cells">T cells</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Craven2003-77">[77]</a>: 1030 <a href="#cite_note-LewisDirksenHeitkemper2005-78">[78]</a>: 212 </li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages">edit</a>]</div> A fever response to an infectious disease is generally regarded as protective, whereas fever in non-infections may be maladaptive.<a href="#cite_note-kiek-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid9917881-80">[80]</a> Studies have not been consistent on whether treating fever generally worsens or improves mortality risk.<a href="#cite_note-SepticReview2017-81">[81]</a> Benefits or harms may depend on the type of infection, health status of the patient and other factors.<a href="#cite_note-kiek-79">[79]</a> Studies using <a href="/wiki/Warm-blooded" title="Warm-blooded">warm-blooded</a> <a href="/wiki/Vertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrates">vertebrates</a> suggest that they recover more rapidly from infections or critical illness due to fever.<a href="#cite_note-VUB-82">[82]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>, fever is associated with reduced mortality.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathophysiology_of_fever_induction">Pathophysiology of fever induction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pathophysiology of fever induction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation_in_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermoregulation in humans">Thermoregulation in humans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hypothalamus">Hypothalamus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hypothalamus">edit</a>]</div> Temperature is regulated in the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>. The trigger of a fever, called a pyrogen, results in the release of <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2" title="Prostaglandin E2">prostaglandin E2</a> (PGE2). PGE2 in turn acts on the hypothalamus, which creates a systemic response in the body, causing heat-generating effects to match a new higher temperature set point. There are four receptors in which PGE2 can bind (EP1-4), with a previous study showing the EP3 subtype is what mediates the fever response.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Hence, the hypothalamus can be seen as working like a <a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">thermostat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a> When the set point is raised, the body increases its temperature through both active generation of heat and retention of heat. Peripheral <a href="/wiki/Vasoconstriction" title="Vasoconstriction">vasoconstriction</a> both reduces heat loss through the skin and causes the person to feel cold. <a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine" title="Norepinephrine">Norepinephrine</a> increases <a href="/wiki/Thermogenesis" title="Thermogenesis">thermogenesis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brown_adipose_tissue" title="Brown adipose tissue">brown adipose tissue</a>, and muscle contraction through shivering raises the <a href="/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate" title="Basal metabolic rate">metabolic rate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid25976513-85">[85]</a> If these measures are insufficient to make the blood temperature in the brain match the new set point in the hypothalamus, the brain orchestrates heat effector mechanisms via the <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic nervous system</a> or primary motor center for shivering. These may be:<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <ul><li>Increased heat production by increased <a href="/wiki/Muscle_tone" title="Muscle tone">muscle tone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shivering" title="Shivering">shivering</a> (muscle movements to produce heat) and release of hormones like <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine</a>; and</li> <li>Prevention of heat loss, e.g., through <a href="/wiki/Vasoconstriction" title="Vasoconstriction">vasoconstriction</a>.</li></ul> When the hypothalamic set point moves back to baseline—either spontaneously or via medication—normal functions such as sweating, and the reverse of the foregoing processes (e.g., vasodilation, end of shivering, and nonshivering heat production) are used to cool the body to the new, lower setting.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a>, in which the normal setting remains, and the body overheats through undesirable retention of excess heat or over-production of heat. Hyperthermia is usually the result of an excessively hot environment (<a href="/wiki/Heat_stroke" title="Heat stroke">heat stroke</a>) or an adverse reaction to drugs. Fever can be differentiated from hyperthermia by the circumstances surrounding it and its response to <a href="/wiki/Anti-pyretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pyretic">anti-pyretic</a> medications.<a href="#cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">[7]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] In infants, the autonomic nervous system may also activate <a href="/wiki/Brown_adipose_tissue" title="Brown adipose tissue">brown adipose tissue</a> to produce heat (non-shivering thermogenesis).<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Increased heart rate and vasoconstriction contribute to increased <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> in fever.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pyrogens">Pyrogens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pyrogens">edit</a>]</div> A pyrogen is a substance that induces fever.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In the presence of an infectious agent, such as bacteria, viruses, viroids, etc., the immune response of the body is to inhibit their growth and eliminate them. The most common pyrogens are endotoxins, which are <a href="/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide" title="Lipopolysaccharide">lipopolysaccharides</a> (LPS) produced by <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram-negative bacteria</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">E. coli</a>. But pyrogens include non-endotoxic substances (derived from microorganisms other than gram-negative-bacteria or from chemical substances) as well.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The types of pyrogens include internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) to the body.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The "pyrogenicity" of given pyrogens varies: in extreme cases, bacterial pyrogens can act as <a href="/wiki/Superantigens" class="mw-redirect" title="Superantigens">superantigens</a> and cause rapid and dangerous fevers.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Endogenous">Endogenous</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Endogenous">edit</a>]</div> Endogenous pyrogens are <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a> released from <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a> (which are part of the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a>).<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In general, they stimulate chemical responses, often in the presence of an <a href="/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">antigen</a>, leading to a fever. Whilst they can be a product of external factors like exogenous pyrogens, they can also be induced by internal factors like <a href="/wiki/Damage_associated_molecular_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Damage associated molecular pattern">damage associated molecular patterns</a> such as cases like <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a> or lupus.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Major endogenous pyrogens are <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1">interleukin 1</a> (α and β)<a href="#cite_note-boron-58-95">[95]</a>: 1237–1248  and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">interleukin 6</a> (IL-6).<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Minor endogenous pyrogens include <a href="/wiki/Interleukin-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-8">interleukin-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lymphotoxin_alpha" title="Lymphotoxin alpha">tumor necrosis factor-β</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrophage_inflammatory_protein" title="Macrophage inflammatory protein">macrophage inflammatory protein</a>-α and macrophage inflammatory protein-β as well as <a href="/wiki/Interferon-%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon-α">interferon-α</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFN-%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="IFN-β">interferon-β</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interferon-gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon-gamma">interferon-γ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-boron-58-95">[95]</a>: 1237–1248  <a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor-%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor-α">Tumor necrosis factor-α</a> (TNF) also acts as a pyrogen, mediated by <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1">interleukin 1</a> (IL-1) release.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> These cytokine factors are released into general circulation, where they migrate to the brain's <a href="/wiki/Circumventricular_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumventricular organ">circumventricular organs</a> where they are more easily absorbed than in areas protected by the <a href="/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier" title="Blood–brain barrier">blood–brain barrier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The cytokines then bind to <a href="/wiki/Endothelium" title="Endothelium">endothelial receptors</a> on vessel walls to receptors on <a href="/wiki/Microglial_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Microglial cell">microglial cells</a>, resulting in activation of the <a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachidonic acid pathway">arachidonic acid pathway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Of these, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-6 are able to raise the temperature setpoint of an organism and cause fever. These proteins produce a <a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase">cyclooxygenase</a> which induces the hypothalamic production of PGE2 which then stimulates the release of neurotransmitters such as <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate" title="Cyclic adenosine monophosphate">cyclic adenosine monophosphate</a> and increases body temperature.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Exogenous">Exogenous</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Exogenous">edit</a>]</div> Exogenous pyrogens are external to the body and are of microbial origin. In general, these pyrogens, including bacterial cell wall products, may act on Toll-like receptors in the hypothalamus and elevate the thermoregulatory setpoint.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> An example of a class of exogenous pyrogens are bacterial <a href="/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide" title="Lipopolysaccharide">lipopolysaccharides</a> (LPS) present in the cell wall of <a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">gram-negative bacteria</a>. According to one mechanism of pyrogen action, an immune system protein, <a href="/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide-binding_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein">lipopolysaccharide-binding protein</a> (LBP), binds to LPS, and the LBP–LPS complex then binds to a <a href="/wiki/CD14" title="CD14">CD14</a> receptor on a <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophage</a>. The LBP-LPS binding to CD14 results in cellular synthesis and release of various endogenous <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a>, e.g., interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). A further downstream event is activation of the <a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid_pathway" class="mw-redirect" title="Arachidonic acid pathway">arachidonic acid pathway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PGE2_release">PGE2 release</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: PGE2 release">edit</a>]</div> PGE2 release comes from the <a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">arachidonic acid</a> pathway. This pathway (as it relates to fever), is mediated by the <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> <a href="/wiki/Phospholipase" title="Phospholipase">phospholipase A2</a> (PLA2), <a href="/wiki/Cyclooxygenase" title="Cyclooxygenase">cyclooxygenase-2</a> (COX-2), and <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E2_synthase" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin E2 synthase">prostaglandin E2 synthase</a>. These enzymes ultimately mediate the synthesis and release of PGE2.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] PGE2 is the ultimate mediator of the febrile response. The setpoint temperature of the body will remain elevated until PGE2 is no longer present. PGE2 acts on neurons in the <a href="/wiki/Preoptic_area" title="Preoptic area">preoptic area</a> (POA) through the <a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_E_receptor_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostaglandin E receptor 3">prostaglandin E receptor 3</a> (EP3). EP3-expressing neurons in the POA innervate the <a href="/wiki/Dorsomedial_hypothalamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsomedial hypothalamus">dorsomedial hypothalamus</a> (DMH), the rostral <a href="/wiki/Raphe" title="Raphe">raphe</a> pallidus nucleus in the <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">medulla oblongata</a> (rRPa), and the <a href="/wiki/Paraventricular_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraventricular nucleus">paraventricular nucleus</a> (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Fever signals sent to the DMH and rRPa lead to stimulation of the <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system" title="Sympathetic nervous system">sympathetic</a> output system, which evokes non-shivering thermogenesis to produce body heat and skin vasoconstriction to decrease heat loss from the body surface. It is presumed that the innervation from the POA to the PVN mediates the neuroendocrine effects of fever through the pathway involving <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">pituitary gland</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_organs" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine organs">endocrine organs</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Management">edit</a>]</div> Fever does not necessarily need to be treated,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> and most people with a fever recover without specific medical attention.<a href="#cite_note-CDC_symptoms-104">[104]</a> Although it is unpleasant, fever rarely rises to a dangerous level even if untreated.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Damage to the brain generally does not occur until temperatures reach 42.0 °C (107.6 °F), and it is rare for an untreated fever to exceed 40.6 °C (105.1 °F).<a href="#cite_note-revben-106">[106]</a> Treating fever in people with <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> does not affect outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Small trials have shown no benefit of treating fevers of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) or higher of critically ill patients in ICUs, and one trial was terminated early because patients receiving aggressive fever treatment were dying more often.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a> According to the NIH, the two assumptions which are generally used to argue in favor of treating fevers have not been experimentally validated. These are that (1) a fever is noxious, and (2) suppression of a fever will reduce its noxious effect. Most of the other studies supporting the association of fever with poorer outcomes have been observational in nature. In theory, these critically ill patients and those faced with additional physiologic stress may benefit from fever reduction, but the evidence on both sides of the argument appears to be mostly equivocal.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservative_measures">Conservative measures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Conservative measures">edit</a>]</div> Limited evidence supports sponging or bathing feverish children with tepid water.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The use of a <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical fan">fan</a> or air conditioning may somewhat reduce the temperature and increase comfort. If the temperature reaches the extremely high level of <a href="/wiki/Hyperpyrexia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperpyrexia">hyperpyrexia</a>, aggressive cooling is required (generally produced mechanically via <a href="/wiki/Conduction_(heat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conduction (heat)">conduction</a> by applying numerous ice packs across most of the body or direct submersion in <a href="/wiki/Ice_bath" title="Ice bath">ice water</a>).<a href="#cite_note-EM01-61">[61]</a> In general, people are advised to keep adequately hydrated.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Whether increased fluid intake improves symptoms or shortens respiratory illnesses such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a> is not known.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21328268-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medications">Medications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Medications">edit</a>]</div> Medications that lower fevers are called <a href="/wiki/Antipyretic" title="Antipyretic">antipyretics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The antipyretic <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a> is effective in reducing fevers in children.<a href="#cite_note-Per2004-112">[112]</a> It is more effective than <a href="/wiki/Acetaminophen" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetaminophen">acetaminophen</a> (paracetamol) in children.<a href="#cite_note-Per2004-112">[112]</a> Ibuprofen and acetaminophen may be safely used together in children with fevers.<a href="#cite_note-pmid19454182-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid19606950-114">[114]</a> The efficacy of acetaminophen by itself in children with fevers has been questioned.<a href="#cite_note-pmid12076499-115">[115]</a> Ibuprofen is also superior to <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a> in children with fevers.<a href="#cite_note-pmid9049576-116">[116]</a> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a> is not recommended in children and young adults (those under the age of 16 or 19 depending on the country) due to the risk of <a href="/wiki/Reye%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Reye's syndrome">Reye's syndrome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Using both paracetamol and ibuprofen at the same time or alternating between the two is more effective at decreasing fever than using only paracetamol or ibuprofen.<a href="#cite_note-Wong2013-118">[118]</a> It is not clear if it increases child comfort.<a href="#cite_note-Wong2013-118">[118]</a> Response or nonresponse to medications does not predict whether or not a child has a serious illness.<a href="#cite_note-pmid23846358-119">[119]</a> With respect to the effect of antipyretics on the risk of death in those with infection, studies have found mixed results, as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Epidemiology">edit</a>]</div> Fever is one of the most common <a href="/wiki/Medical_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical signs">medical signs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a> It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children,<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a> and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick.<a href="#cite_note-Ki2013-11">[11]</a> About 5% of people who go to an emergency room have a fever.<a href="#cite_note-EMP2012-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> A number of types of fever were known as early as 460 BC to 370 BC when <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a> was practicing medicine including that due to <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> (tertian or every 2 days and quartan or every 3 days).<a href="#cite_note-Sajadi2012-122">[122]</a> It also became clear around this time that fever was a symptom of disease rather than a disease in and of itself.<a href="#cite_note-Sajadi2012-122">[122]</a> Infections presenting with fever were a major source of mortality in humans for about 200,000 years. Until the late nineteenth century, approximately half of all humans died from infections before the age of fifteen.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> An older term, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/febricula" class="extiw" title="wikt:febricula">febricula</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> form of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> word for fever), was once used to refer to a low-grade fever lasting only a few days. This term fell out of use in the early 20th century, and the symptoms it referred to are now thought to have been caused mainly by various minor <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viral</a> <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory infection">respiratory infections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mythology">Mythology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Mythology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgil_Solis_Febris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Virgil_Solis_Febris.jpg/220px-Virgil_Solis_Febris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Virgil_Solis_Febris.jpg/330px-Virgil_Solis_Febris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Virgil_Solis_Febris.jpg/440px-Virgil_Solis_Febris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="2297" /></a><figcaption>Febris</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Febris" title="Febris">Febris</a> (fever in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) is the goddess of fever in <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman mythology</a>. People with fevers would visit her temples.</li> <li>Tertiana and Quartana are the goddesses of tertian and quartan fevers of malaria in Roman mythology.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jvarasura" title="Jvarasura">Jvarasura</a> (fever-demon in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>) is the personification of fever and disease in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_mythology" title="Buddhist mythology">Buddhist mythology</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pediatrics">edit</a>]</div> Fever is often viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than might be deserved, a phenomenon known as fever phobia,<a href="#cite_note-Peds2011-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crocetti2001-126">[126]</a> which is based in both caregiver's and parents' misconceptions about fever in children. Among them, many parents incorrectly believe that fever is a <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Medical_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical sign">medical sign</a>, that even low fevers are harmful, and that any temperature even briefly or slightly above the oversimplified "normal" number marked on a thermometer is a clinically significant fever.<a href="#cite_note-Crocetti2001-126">[126]</a> They are also afraid of harmless side effects like <a href="/wiki/Febrile_seizure" title="Febrile seizure">febrile seizures</a> and dramatically overestimate the likelihood of permanent damage from typical fevers.<a href="#cite_note-Crocetti2001-126">[126]</a> The underlying problem, according to professor of pediatrics Barton D. Schmitt, is that "as parents we tend to suspect that our children's brains may melt."<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> As a result of these misconceptions parents are anxious, give the child fever-reducing medicine when the temperature is technically normal or only slightly elevated, and interfere with the child's sleep to give the child more medicine.<a href="#cite_note-Crocetti2001-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_species">Other species</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other species">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">Thermoregulation</a></div> Fever is an important metric for the <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">diagnosis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Livestock_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Livestock disease">disease in domestic animals</a>. The body temperature of animals, which is taken rectally, is different from one species to another. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a> is said to have a fever above 101 °F (38.3 °C).<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In species that allow the body to have a wide range of "normal" temperatures, such as <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a>,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> whose body temperature varies as the environmental temperature varies,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> the body temperature which constitutes a febrile state differs depending on the environmental temperature.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Fever can also be behaviorally induced by invertebrates that do not have immune-system based fever. For instance, some species of grasshopper will thermoregulate to achieve body temperatures that are 2–5 °C higher than normal in order to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens such as <a href="/wiki/Beauveria_bassiana" title="Beauveria bassiana">Beauveria bassiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metarhizium_acridum" title="Metarhizium acridum">Metarhizium acridum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas2003-132">[132]</a> Honeybee colonies are also able to induce a fever in response to a fungal parasite Ascosphaera apis.<a href="#cite_note-Thomas2003-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NC08-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NC08_1-8">i</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAxelrodDiringer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Axelrod YK, Diringer MN (May 2008). "Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders". Neurologic Clinics. 26 (2): 585–603, xi. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ncl.2008.02.005">10.1016/j.ncl.2008.02.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18514828">18514828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurologic+Clinics&rft.atitle=Temperature+management+in+acute+neurologic+disorders&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=585-603%2C+xi&rft.date=2008-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ncl.2008.02.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18514828&rft.aulast=Axelrod&rft.aufirst=YK&rft.au=Diringer%2C+MN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peds2011-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peds2011_2-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanFarrar2011" class="citation journal cs1">Sullivan JE, Farrar HC (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2010-3852">"Fever and antipyretic use in children"</a>. Pediatrics. 127 (3): 580–587. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2010-3852">10.1542/peds.2010-3852</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21357332">21357332</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Fever+and+antipyretic+use+in+children&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=580-587&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.2010-3852&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21357332&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.au=Farrar%2C+HC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1542%252Fpeds.2010-3852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sue2014-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sue2014_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sue2014_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sue2014_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuether,_Sue_E.2014" class="citation book cs1">Huether, Sue E. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l9XsAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA498">Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children</a> (7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 498. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0323293754" title="Special:BookSources/978-0323293754"><bdi>978-0323293754</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pathophysiology%3A+The+Biologic+Basis+for+Disease+in+Adults+and+Children&rft.pages=498&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0323293754&rft.au=Huether%2C+Sue+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl9XsAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2010-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2010_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CDC2010_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCDC_Staff2020" class="citation web cs1">CDC Staff (31 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150324084355/http://www.cdc.gov/flu/homecare/treatfever.htm">"Taking Care of Someone Who is Sick: Caring for Someone Sick at Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/flu/homecare/treatfever.htm">the original</a> on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taking+Care+of+Someone+Who+is+Sick%3A+Caring+for+Someone+Sick+at+Home&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft.au=CDC+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fflu%2Fhomecare%2Ftreatfever.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kl2015-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kl2015_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kl2015_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKluger2015" class="citation book cs1">Kluger MJ (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIF9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57">Fever: Its Biology, Evolution, and Function</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400869831" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400869831"><bdi>978-1400869831</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fever%3A+Its+Biology%2C+Evolution%2C+and+Function&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1400869831&rft.aulast=Kluger&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgIF9BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gar2012p375-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012p375_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012p375_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012p375_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarmelMahadevan2012" class="citation book cs1">Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pyAlcOfBhjIC&q=An%20Introduction%20to%20Clinical%20Emergency%20Medicine&pg=PA375">"Fever in adults"</a>. An introduction to clinical emergency medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521747769" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521747769"><bdi>978-0521747769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fever+in+adults&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+clinical+emergency+medicine&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=375&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0521747769&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpyAlcOfBhjIC%26q%3DAn%2520Introduction%2520to%2520Clinical%2520Emergency%2520Medicine%26pg%3DPA375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrisons20th-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrisons20th_7-15">p</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinarello_CA,_Porat_R2018" class="citation book cs1">Dinarello CA, Porat R (2018). "Chapter 15: Fever". In Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo, J (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XGQntQEACAAJ&q=9781259644030">Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine</a>. Vol. 1–2 (20th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781259644030" title="Special:BookSources/9781259644030"><bdi>9781259644030</bdi></a>. Retrieved 31 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+15%3A+Fever&rft.btitle=Harrison%27s+Principles+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=20th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781259644030&rft.au=Dinarello+CA%2C+Porat+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXGQntQEACAAJ%26q%3D9781259644030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC09-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CC09_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC09_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC09_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC09_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC09_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC09_8-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaupland2009" class="citation journal cs1">Laupland KB (July 2009). "Fever in the critically ill medical patient". Critical Care Medicine. 37 (7 Suppl): S273-8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FCCM.0b013e3181aa6117">10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa6117</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19535958">19535958</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fever+in+the+critically+ill+medical+patient&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7+Suppl&rft.pages=S273-8&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FCCM.0b013e3181aa6117&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19535958&rft.aulast=Laupland&rft.aufirst=KB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ric2015-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ric2015_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ric2015_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ric2015_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ric2015_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ric2015_9-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardsonPurssell2015" class="citation journal cs1">Richardson M, Purssell E (September 2015). "Who's afraid of fever?". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 100 (9): 818–820. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Farchdischild-2014-307483">10.1136/archdischild-2014-307483</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25977564">25977564</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206857750">206857750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood&rft.atitle=Who%27s+afraid+of+fever%3F&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=818-820&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206857750%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25977564&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Farchdischild-2014-307483&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Purssell%2C+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gar2012-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarmelMahadevan2012" class="citation book cs1">Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012). An introduction to clinical emergency medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 401. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521747769" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521747769"><bdi>978-0521747769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+clinical+emergency+medicine&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=401&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0521747769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ki2013-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ki2013_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ki2013_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ki2013_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiekkasArethaBakalisKarpouhtsi2013" class="citation journal cs1">Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). "Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review". Australian Critical Care. 26 (3): 130–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aucc.2012.10.004">10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23199670">23199670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Critical+Care&rft.atitle=Fever+effects+and+treatment+in+critical+care%3A+literature+review&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=130-135&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aucc.2012.10.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23199670&rft.aulast=Kiekkas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Aretha%2C+D&rft.au=Bakalis%2C+N&rft.au=Karpouhtsi%2C+I&rft.au=Marneras%2C+C&rft.au=Baltopoulos%2C+GI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranjić2019" class="citation journal cs1">Franjić, Siniša (31 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.47363%2Fjmhc%2F2021%283%29146">"Fever Can Be A Symptom of Many Diseases"</a>. Journal of Medicine and HealthCare: 1–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.47363%2Fjmhc%2F2021%283%29146">10.47363/jmhc/2021(3)146</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243837498">243837498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medicine+and+HealthCare&rft.atitle=Fever+Can+Be+A+Symptom+of+Many+Diseases&rft.pages=1-3&rft.date=2019-03-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.47363%2Fjmhc%2F2021%283%29146&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243837498%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Franji%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sini%C5%A1a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.47363%252Fjmhc%252F2021%25283%2529146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gar2012p5-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012p5_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012p5_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gar2012p5_13-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarmelMahadevan2012" class="citation book cs1">Garmel GM, Mahadevan SV, eds. (2012). An introduction to clinical emergency medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521747769" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521747769"><bdi>978-0521747769</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+clinical+emergency+medicine&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=5&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0521747769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rod2020-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rod2020_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rod2020_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rod2020_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez-MoralesCardona-OspinaGutiérrez-OcampoVillamizar-Peña2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Gutiérrez-Ocampo E, Villamizar-Peña R, Holguin-Rivera Y, Escalera-Antezana JP, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Franco-Paredes C (13 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102608">"Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis"</a>. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 34: 101623. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tmaid.2020.101623">10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102608">7102608</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32179124">32179124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Travel+Medicine+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=Clinical%2C+laboratory+and+imaging+features+of+COVID-19%3A+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=101623&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7102608%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32179124&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tmaid.2020.101623&rft.aulast=Rodriguez-Morales&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft.au=Cardona-Ospina%2C+JA&rft.au=Guti%C3%A9rrez-Ocampo%2C+E&rft.au=Villamizar-Pe%C3%B1a%2C+R&rft.au=Holguin-Rivera%2C+Y&rft.au=Escalera-Antezana%2C+JP&rft.au=Alvarado-Arnez%2C+LE&rft.au=Bonilla-Aldana%2C+DK&rft.au=Franco-Paredes%2C+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7102608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayalAgarwal2016" class="citation journal cs1">Dayal R, Agarwal D (January 2016). "Fever in Children and Fever of Unknown Origin". Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 83 (1): 38–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12098-015-1724-4">10.1007/s12098-015-1724-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25724501">25724501</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34481402">34481402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Fever+in+Children+and+Fever+of+Unknown+Origin&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=38-43&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34481402%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25724501&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12098-015-1724-4&rft.aulast=Dayal&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Agarwal%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm">"Fever"</a>. MedlinePlus. 30 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511181606/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MedlinePlus&rft.atitle=Fever&rft.date=2014-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedlineplus%2Fency%2Farticle%2F003090.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sch2006-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sch2006_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sch2006_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaffner2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schaffner A (March 2006). "Fieber – nützliches oder schädliches, zu behandelndes Symptom?" [Fever–useful or noxious symptom that should be treated?]. Therapeutische Umschau (in German). 63 (3): 185–188. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1024%2F0040-5930.63.3.185">10.1024/0040-5930.63.3.185</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16613288">16613288</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Therapeutische+Umschau&rft.atitle=Fieber+%E2%80%93+n%C3%BCtzliches+oder+sch%C3%A4dliches%2C+zu+behandelndes+Symptom%3F&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=185-188&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1024%2F0040-5930.63.3.185&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16613288&rft.aulast=Schaffner&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> Abstract alone is in German and in English. </li> <li id="cite_note-Antipyretic_therapy_in_febrile_crit-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Antipyretic_therapy_in_febrile_crit_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNivenStelfoxLaupland2013" class="citation journal cs1">Niven DJ, Stelfox HT, Laupland KB (June 2013). "Antipyretic therapy in febrile critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Critical Care. 28 (3): 303–310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jcrc.2012.09.009">10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.09.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23159136">23159136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Critical+Care&rft.atitle=Antipyretic+therapy+in+febrile+critically+ill+adults%3A+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=303-310&rft.date=2013-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jcrc.2012.09.009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23159136&rft.aulast=Niven&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Stelfox%2C+HT&rft.au=Laupland%2C+KB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ray, Juliet J. (December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703655">"Fever: suppress or let it ride?"</a>. Journal of Thoracic Disease. 7 (12): E633–E636. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3978%2Fj.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.28">10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.28</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703655">4703655</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26793378">26793378</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thoracic+Disease&rft.atitle=Fever%3A+suppress+or+let+it+ride%3F&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=E633-E636&rft.date=2015-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4703655%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26793378&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3978%2Fj.issn.2072-1439.2015.12.28&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Juliet+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4703655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrocettiMoghbeliSerwint2001" class="citation journal cs1">Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J (June 2001). "Fever Phobia Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years?". Pediatrics. 107 (6): 1241–1246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.107.6.1241">10.1542/peds.107.6.1241</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11389237">11389237</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Fever+Phobia+Revisited%3A+Have+Parental+Misconceptions+About+Fever+Changed+in+20+Years%3F&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1241-1246&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.107.6.1241&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11389237&rft.aulast=Crocetti&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Moghbeli%2C+N&rft.au=Serwint%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266">"Fever: Symptoms, treatments, types, and causes"</a>. www.medicalnewstoday.com. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medicalnewstoday.com&rft.atitle=Fever%3A+Symptoms%2C+treatments%2C+types%2C+and+causes&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F168266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardenKentPittmanRoth2015" class="citation journal cs1">Harden, L. M.; Kent, S.; Pittman, Q. J.; Roth, J. (1 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159115004079">"Fever and sickness behavior: Friend or foe?"</a>. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 50: 322–333. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2015.07.012">10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0889-1591">0889-1591</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26187566">26187566</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19396134">19396134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain%2C+Behavior%2C+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Fever+and+sickness+behavior%3A+Friend+or+foe%3F&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=322-333&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.issn=0889-1591&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19396134%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26187566&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2015.07.012&rft.aulast=Harden&rft.aufirst=L.+M.&rft.au=Kent%2C+S.&rft.au=Pittman%2C+Q.+J.&rft.au=Roth%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0889159115004079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelleyBluthéDantzerZhou2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kelley KW, Bluthé RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (February 2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior". Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 17 Suppl 1 (1): S112–S118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0889-1591%2802%2900077-6">10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12615196">12615196</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25400611">25400611</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain%2C+Behavior%2C+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Cytokine-induced+sickness+behavior&rft.volume=17+Suppl+1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=S112-S118&rft.date=2003-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25400611%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12615196&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0889-1591%2802%2900077-6&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=KW&rft.au=Bluth%C3%A9%2C+RM&rft.au=Dantzer%2C+R&rft.au=Zhou%2C+JH&rft.au=Shen%2C+WH&rft.au=Johnson%2C+RW&rft.au=Broussard%2C+SR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamisTreloarMartinMacdonald2007" class="citation journal cs1">Adamis D, Treloar A, Martin FC, Macdonald AJ (December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00570887/document">"A brief review of the history of delirium as a mental disorder"</a>. History of Psychiatry. 18 (72 Pt 4): 459–469. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0957154X07076467">10.1177/0957154X07076467</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18590023">18590023</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24424207">24424207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=A+brief+review+of+the+history+of+delirium+as+a+mental+disorder&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=72+Pt+4&rft.pages=459-469&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24424207%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18590023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0957154X07076467&rft.aulast=Adamis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Treloar%2C+A&rft.au=Martin%2C+FC&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+AJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-00570887%2Fdocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosen-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarx2006" class="citation book cs1">Marx J (2006). Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier. p. 2239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-02845-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-02845-5"><bdi>978-0-323-02845-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58533794">58533794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rosen%27s+emergency+medicine+%3A+concepts+and+clinical+practice.&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=2239&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Mosby%2FElsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58533794&rft.isbn=978-0-323-02845-5&rft.aulast=Marx&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18788094-26"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18788094_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchisonWardLacroixHébert2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchison JS, Ward RE, Lacroix J, Hébert PC, Barnes MA, Bohn DJ, et al. (June 2008). "Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (23): 2447–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa0706930">10.1056/NEJMoa0706930</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18525042">18525042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hypothermia+therapy+after+traumatic+brain+injury+in+children&rft.volume=358&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=2447-56&rft.date=2008-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa0706930&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18525042&rft.aulast=Hutchison&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.au=Ward%2C+RE&rft.au=Lacroix%2C+J&rft.au=H%C3%A9bert%2C+PC&rft.au=Barnes%2C+MA&rft.au=Bohn%2C+DJ&rft.au=Dirks%2C+PB&rft.au=Doucette%2C+S&rft.au=Fergusson%2C+D&rft.au=Gottesman%2C+R&rft.au=Joffe%2C+AR&rft.au=Kirpalani%2C+HM&rft.au=Meyer%2C+PG&rft.au=Morris%2C+KP&rft.au=Moher%2C+D&rft.au=Singh%2C+RN&rft.au=Skippen%2C+PW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPryorPrasad2008" class="citation book cs1">Pryor JA, Prasad AS (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=5n9fseWPLowC&pg=PA8">Physiotherapy for Respiratory and Cardiac Problems: Adults and Paediatrics</a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0702039744" title="Special:BookSources/978-0702039744"><bdi>978-0702039744</bdi></a>. <q>Body temperature is maintained within the range 36.5-37.5 °C. It is lowest in the early morning and highest in the afternoon.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physiotherapy+for+Respiratory+and+Cardiac+Problems%3A+Adults+and+Paediatrics&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0702039744&rft.aulast=Pryor&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+A.&rft.au=Prasad%2C+Ammani+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5n9fseWPLowC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrunauWiensBrubacher2010" class="citation journal cs1">Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR (September 2010). "Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review". Cjem. 12 (5): 435–42. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs1481803500012598">10.1017/s1481803500012598</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20880437">20880437</a>. <q>Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cjem&rft.atitle=Dantrolene+in+the+treatment+of+MDMA-related+hyperpyrexia%3A+a+systematic+review&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=435-42&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs1481803500012598&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20880437&rft.aulast=Grunau&rft.aufirst=BE&rft.au=Wiens%2C+MO&rft.au=Brubacher%2C+JR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2007" class="citation book cs1">Sharma HS, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk1UTlmEwrQC&pg=485#v=onepage&q=hyperpyrexia%20core%20temperature&f=false">Neurobiology of Hyperthermia</a> (1st ed.). Elsevier. pp. 175–177, 485. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080549996" title="Special:BookSources/9780080549996"><bdi>9780080549996</bdi></a>. Retrieved 19 November 2016. <q>Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this syndrome.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neurobiology+of+Hyperthermia&rft.pages=175-177%2C+485&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780080549996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVk1UTlmEwrQC%26pg%3D485%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dhyperpyrexia%2520core%2520temperature%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niven2015-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Niven2015_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNivenGaudetLauplandMrklas2015" class="citation journal cs1">Niven DJ, Gaudet JE, Laupland KB, Mrklas KJ, Roberts DJ, Stelfox HT (November 2015). "Accuracy of peripheral thermometers for estimating temperature: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Annals of Internal Medicine. 163 (10): 768–777. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2FM15-1150">10.7326/M15-1150</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26571241">26571241</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4004360">4004360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Accuracy+of+peripheral+thermometers+for+estimating+temperature%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=768-777&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4004360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26571241&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2FM15-1150&rft.aulast=Niven&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Gaudet%2C+JE&rft.au=Laupland%2C+KB&rft.au=Mrklas%2C+KJ&rft.au=Roberts%2C+DJ&rft.au=Stelfox%2C+HT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20352759">"Fever - Symptoms and causes"</a>. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 23 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic&rft.atitle=Fever+-+Symptoms+and+causes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fdiseases-conditions%2Ffever%2Fsymptoms-causes%2Fsyc-20352759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191103102816/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/measuring-a-babys-temperature">"Measuring a Baby's Temperature"</a>. www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/measuring-a-babys-temperature">the original</a> on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hopkinsmedicine.org&rft.atitle=Measuring+a+Baby%27s+Temperature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org%2Fhealth%2Fconditions-and-diseases%2Fmeasuring-a-babys-temperature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/thermometer/art-20047410">"Tips for taking your child's temperature"</a>. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 10 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic&rft.atitle=Tips+for+taking+your+child%27s+temperature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Finfant-and-toddler-health%2Fin-depth%2Fthermometer%2Fart-20047410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reiew09-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Reiew09_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarone2009" class="citation journal cs1">Barone JE (August 2009). "Fever: Fact and fiction". The Journal of Trauma. 67 (2): 406–409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FTA.0b013e3181a5f335">10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5f335</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19667898">19667898</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Trauma&rft.atitle=Fever%3A+Fact+and+fiction&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=406-409&rft.date=2009-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FTA.0b013e3181a5f335&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19667898&rft.aulast=Barone&rft.aufirst=JE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pecoraro_Petri_Costantino_Squizzato_pp._1071–1083-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Pecoraro_Petri_Costantino_Squizzato_pp._1071–1083_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPecoraroPetriCostantinoSquizzato2020" class="citation journal cs1">Pecoraro, Valentina; Petri, Davide; Costantino, Giorgio; Squizzato, Alessandro; Moja, Lorenzo; Virgili, Gianni; Lucenteforte, Ersilia (25 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686821">"The diagnostic accuracy of digital, infrared and mercury-in-glass thermometers in measuring body temperature: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"</a>. Internal and Emergency Medicine. 16 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 1071–1083. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11739-020-02556-0">10.1007/s11739-020-02556-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1828-0447">1828-0447</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686821">7686821</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33237494">33237494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internal+and+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+diagnostic+accuracy+of+digital%2C+infrared+and+mercury-in-glass+thermometers+in+measuring+body+temperature%3A+a+systematic+review+and+network+meta-analysis&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1071-1083&rft.date=2020-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7686821%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1828-0447&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33237494&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11739-020-02556-0&rft.aulast=Pecoraro&rft.aufirst=Valentina&rft.au=Petri%2C+Davide&rft.au=Costantino%2C+Giorgio&rft.au=Squizzato%2C+Alessandro&rft.au=Moja%2C+Lorenzo&rft.au=Virgili%2C+Gianni&rft.au=Lucenteforte%2C+Ersilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7686821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12000664-36"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12000664_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSund-LevanderForsbergWahren2002" class="citation journal cs1">Sund-Levander M, Forsberg C, Wahren LK (June 2002). "Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review". Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 16 (2): 122–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1471-6712.2002.00069.x">10.1046/j.1471-6712.2002.00069.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12000664">12000664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Caring+Sciences&rft.atitle=Normal+oral%2C+rectal%2C+tympanic+and+axillary+body+temperature+in+adult+men+and+women%3A+a+systematic+literature+review&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=122-128&rft.date=2002-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1471-6712.2002.00069.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12000664&rft.aulast=Sund-Levander&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Forsberg%2C+C&rft.au=Wahren%2C+LK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garami-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garami_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garami_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garami_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garami_37-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaramiSzékely2014" class="citation journal cs1">Garami, András; Székely, Miklós (6 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972507">"Body temperature"</a>. Temperature: Multidisciplinary Biomedical Journal. 1 (1): 28–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4161%2Ftemp.29060">10.4161/temp.29060</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2332-8940">2332-8940</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972507">4972507</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27583277">27583277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Temperature%3A+Multidisciplinary+Biomedical+Journal&rft.atitle=Body+temperature&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28-29&rft.date=2014-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4972507%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2332-8940&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27583277&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4161%2Ftemp.29060&rft.aulast=Garami&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A1s&rft.au=Sz%C3%A9kely%2C+Mikl%C3%B3s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4972507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327458">"Body temperature: What is the new normal?"</a>. www.medicalnewstoday.com. 12 January 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medicalnewstoday.com&rft.atitle=Body+temperature%3A+What+is+the+new+normal%3F&rft.date=2020-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F327458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlsalamahAlrehailiAlmoamaryAl-Juad2022" class="citation journal cs1">Alsalamah, M; Alrehaili, B; Almoamary, A; Al-Juad, A; Badri, M; El-Metwally, A (July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374123">"The optimal oral body temperature cutoff and other factors predictive of sepsis diagnosis in elderly patients"</a>. Annals of Thoracic Medicine. 17 (3): 159–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fatm.atm_52_22">10.4103/atm.atm_52_22</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374123">9374123</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35968398">35968398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Thoracic+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+optimal+oral+body+temperature+cutoff+and+other+factors+predictive+of+sepsis+diagnosis+in+elderly+patients.&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=159-165&rft.date=2022-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9374123%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35968398&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2Fatm.atm_52_22&rft.aulast=Alsalamah&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Alrehaili%2C+B&rft.au=Almoamary%2C+A&rft.au=Al-Juad%2C+A&rft.au=Badri%2C+M&rft.au=El-Metwally%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9374123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeardDay2008" class="citation journal cs1">Beard, Robin M.; Day, Michael W. (June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Abstract/2008/06000/FEVER_AND_HYPERTHERMIA__LEARN_TO_BEAT_THE_HEAT.28.aspx">"Fever and Hyperthermia"</a>. Nursing2022. 38 (6): 28–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.NURSE.0000320353.79079.a5">10.1097/01.NURSE.0000320353.79079.a5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-4039">0360-4039</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18497656">18497656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing2022&rft.atitle=Fever+and+Hyperthermia&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=28-31&rft.date=2008-06&rft.issn=0360-4039&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18497656&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.NURSE.0000320353.79079.a5&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Robin+M.&rft.au=Day%2C+Michael+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fnursing%2FAbstract%2F2008%2F06000%2FFEVER_AND_HYPERTHERMIA__LEARN_TO_BEAT_THE_HEAT.28.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgoina2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ogoina D (August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jiph.2011.05.002">"Fever, fever patterns and diseases called 'fever' – a review"</a>. Journal of Infection and Public Health. 4 (3): 108–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jiph.2011.05.002">10.1016/j.jiph.2011.05.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21843857">21843857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infection+and+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Fever%2C+fever+patterns+and+diseases+called+%27fever%27+%E2%80%93+a+review&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=108-124&rft.date=2011-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jiph.2011.05.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21843857&rft.aulast=Ogoina&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.jiph.2011.05.002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Typhoid fever may show a specific fever pattern, with a slow stepwise increase and a high plateau (drops due to fever-reducing drugs are excluded).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDallStanford1990" class="citation book cs1">Dall, Lawrence; Stanford, James F. (1990). "Fever, Chills, and Night Sweats". In Walker, H. Kenneth; Hall, W. Dallas; Hurst, J. Willis (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK324/">Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations</a> (3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-409-90077-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-409-90077-X"><bdi>0-409-90077-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21250166">21250166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fever%2C+Chills%2C+and+Night+Sweats&rft.btitle=Clinical+Methods%3A+The+History%2C+Physical%2C+and+Laboratory+Examinations&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Butterworths&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21250166&rft.isbn=0-409-90077-X&rft.aulast=Dall&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.au=Stanford%2C+James+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK324%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInayatullahNasir2016" class="citation book cs1">Inayatullah, Muhammad; Nasir, Shabbir Ahmed (2016). Bedside Techniques: Methods of Clinical Examination (4th ed.). Paramount Books (Pvt.) Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-969-494-920-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-969-494-920-8"><bdi>978-969-494-920-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bedside+Techniques%3A+Methods+of+Clinical+Examination&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Paramount+Books+%28Pvt.%29+Limited&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-969-494-920-8&rft.aulast=Inayatullah&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft.au=Nasir%2C+Shabbir+Ahmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/disease.html">"African Trypanosomiasis – Disease"</a>. CDC. 28 April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718232904/https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/disease.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDC&rft.atitle=African+Trypanosomiasis+%E2%80%93+Disease&rft.date=2020-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fparasites%2Fsleepingsickness%2Fdisease.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/brucellosis/">"Brucella/Brucellosis"</a>. The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 19 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Brucella%2FBrucellosis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fbrucellosis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/enteric-fever-typhoid-fever/">"Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever)"</a>. The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lecturio+Medical+Concept+Library&rft.atitle=Enteric+Fever+%28Typhoid+Fever%29&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lecturio.com%2Fconcepts%2Fenteric-fever-typhoid-fever%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferri_2009-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ferri_2009_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferri_2009_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferri_2009_48-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerri_FF2009" class="citation book cs1">Ferri FF (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbisJsvDEegC&pg=PA1159">"Chapter 332. Protozoal infections"</a>. Ferri's Color Atlas and Text of Clinical Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1159ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416049197" title="Special:BookSources/9781416049197"><bdi>9781416049197</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603093438/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbisJsvDEegC&pg=PA1159">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+332.+Protozoal+infections&rft.btitle=Ferri%27s+Color+Atlas+and+Text+of+Clinical+Medicine&rft.pages=1159ff&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781416049197&rft.au=Ferri+FF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZbisJsvDEegC%26pg%3DPA1159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammadNasirSA2009" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad I, Nasir, SA (2009). Bedside Techniques: Methods of Clinical Examination. <a href="/wiki/Multan,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Multan, Pakistan">Multan, Pakistan</a>: Saira Publishers/Salamat Iqbal Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bedside+Techniques%3A+Methods+of+Clinical+Examination&rft.place=Multan%2C+Pakistan&rft.pub=Saira+Publishers%2FSalamat+Iqbal+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Muhammad&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Nasir&rft.au=SA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghDaneshvar2013" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, B.; Daneshvar, C. (1 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623376">"Human Infections and Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi"</a>. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 26 (2): 165–184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FCMR.00079-12">10.1128/CMR.00079-12</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623376">3623376</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23554413">23554413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Human+Infections+and+Detection+of+Plasmodium+knowlesi&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-184&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3623376%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23554413&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FCMR.00079-12&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Daneshvar%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3623376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChinContacosCoatneyKimball1965" class="citation journal cs1">Chin, W.; Contacos, P. G.; Coatney, G. R.; Kimball, H. R. (20 August 1965). "A Naturally Acquired Quotidian-Type Malaria in Man Transferable to Monkeys". Science. 149 (3686): 865. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965Sci...149..865C">1965Sci...149..865C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.149.3686.865">10.1126/science.149.3686.865</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14332847">14332847</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27841173">27841173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=A+Naturally+Acquired+Quotidian-Type+Malaria+in+Man+Transferable+to+Monkeys&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=3686&rft.pages=865&rft.date=1965-08-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.149.3686.865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27841173%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14332847&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1965Sci...149..865C&rft.aulast=Chin&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Contacos%2C+P.+G.&rft.au=Coatney%2C+G.+R.&rft.au=Kimball%2C+H.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/201886-clinical">"Hodgkin Lymphoma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology"</a>. Medscape. 9 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medscape&rft.atitle=Hodgkin+Lymphoma%3A+Practice+Essentials%2C+Background%2C+Pathophysiology&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femedicine.medscape.com%2Farticle%2F201886-clinical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilson1995" class="citation journal cs1">Hilson AJ (July 1995). "Pel-Ebstein fever". The New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (1): 66–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199507063330118">10.1056/NEJM199507063330118</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7777006">7777006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Pel-Ebstein+fever&rft.volume=333&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-67&rft.date=1995-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199507063330118&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7777006&rft.aulast=Hilson&rft.aufirst=AJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988">, which cites <a href="/wiki/Richard_Asher" title="Richard Asher">Richard Asher</a>'s lecture, "Making Sense" [Lancet (1959) 2: 359]. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagrathPearlmanPengLee2018" class="citation journal cs1">Magrath, Melissa; Pearlman, Michelle; Peng, Lan; Lee, William (30 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33425%2F2639-9334.1009">"Granulomatous Hepatitis and Persistent Fever of Unknown Origin: A Case Report"</a>. Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Disorders. 1 (2): 1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.33425%2F2639-9334.1009">10.33425/2639-9334.1009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2639-9334">2639-9334</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86786427">86786427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology%2C+Hepatology+%26+Digestive+Disorders&rft.atitle=Granulomatous+Hepatitis+and+Persistent+Fever+of+Unknown+Origin%3A+A+Case+Report&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-2&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86786427%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2639-9334&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.33425%2F2639-9334.1009&rft.aulast=Magrath&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.au=Pearlman%2C+Michelle&rft.au=Peng%2C+Lan&rft.au=Lee%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.33425%252F2639-9334.1009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klastersky_2014_13–26-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klastersky_2014_13–26_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klastersky_2014_13–26_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlastersky2014" class="citation cs2">Klastersky, Jean A. (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907673-70-2_2">"Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia"</a>, Febrile Neutropenia, Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd., pp. 13–26, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-907673-70-2_2">10.1007/978-1-907673-70-2_2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-907673-69-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-907673-69-6"><bdi>978-1-907673-69-6</bdi></a>, retrieved 22 April 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Febrile+Neutropenia&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+Febrile+Neutropenia&rft.pages=13-26&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-907673-70-2_2&rft.isbn=978-1-907673-69-6&rft.aulast=Klastersky&rft.aufirst=Jean+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-1-907673-70-2_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteYbarra2017" class="citation journal cs1">White, Lindsey; Ybarra, Michael (1 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889858817301284">"Neutropenic Fever"</a>. Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 31 (6): 981–993. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.hoc.2017.08.004">10.1016/j.hoc.2017.08.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29078933">29078933</a> – via ClinicalKey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hematology%2FOncology+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Neutropenic+Fever&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=981-993&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.hoc.2017.08.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29078933&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft.au=Ybarra%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0889858817301284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolston,_Kenneth_VIRubenstein,_Edward_B.2001" class="citation book cs1">Rolston, Kenneth VI; Rubenstein, Edward B., eds. (2001). Textbook of febrile neutropenia. Martin Dunitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84184-033-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84184-033-8"><bdi>978-1-84184-033-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48195937">48195937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+febrile+neutropenia&rft.pub=Martin+Dunitz&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48195937&rft.isbn=978-1-84184-033-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MDMA-Hyperpyrexia_systematic_review-58"><a href="#cite_ref-MDMA-Hyperpyrexia_systematic_review_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrunauWiensBrubacher2010" class="citation journal cs1">Grunau BE, Wiens MO, Brubacher JR (September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs1481803500012598">"Dantrolene in the treatment of MDMA-related hyperpyrexia: a systematic review"</a>. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine. 12 (5): 435–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs1481803500012598">10.1017/s1481803500012598</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20880437">20880437</a>. <q>Dantrolene may also be associated with improved survival and reduced complications, especially in patients with extreme (≥ 42 °C) or severe (≥ 40 °C) hyperpyrexia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dantrolene+in+the+treatment+of+MDMA-related+hyperpyrexia%3A+a+systematic+review&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=435-442&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs1481803500012598&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20880437&rft.aulast=Grunau&rft.aufirst=BE&rft.au=Wiens%2C+MO&rft.au=Brubacher%2C+JR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fs1481803500012598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neurobiology_of_hyperthermia-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Neurobiology_of_hyperthermia_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma_HS2007" class="citation book cs1">Sharma HS, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk1UTlmEwrQC&pg=485">Neurobiology of Hyperthermia</a> (1st ed.). Elsevier. pp. 175–177, 485. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0080549996" title="Special:BookSources/978-0080549996"><bdi>978-0080549996</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170908174330/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vk1UTlmEwrQC&pg=485#v=onepage&q=hyperpyrexia%20core%20temperature&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2016. <q>Despite the myriad of complications associated with heat illness, an elevation of core temperature above 41.0 °C (often referred to as fever or hyperpyrexia) is the most widely recognized symptom of this syndrome.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neurobiology+of+Hyperthermia&rft.pages=175-177%2C+485&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0080549996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVk1UTlmEwrQC%26pg%3D485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> See section in Chapter 15 therein, the section on "Fever versus hyperthermia". </li> <li id="cite_note-EM01-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EM01_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EM01_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EM01_61-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGugan2001" class="citation journal cs1">McGugan EA (March 2001). "Hyperpyrexia in the emergency department". Emergency Medicine. 13 (1): 116–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1442-2026.2001.00189.x">10.1046/j.1442-2026.2001.00189.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11476402">11476402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hyperpyrexia+in+the+emergency+department&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=116-120&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1442-2026.2001.00189.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11476402&rft.aulast=McGugan&rft.aufirst=EA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marx_2006_2506-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Marx_2006_2506_62-0">^</a> Marx (2006), p. 2506. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaoultLevyDupontChicheportiche1993" class="citation journal cs1">Raoult, Didier; Levy, Pierre-Yves; Dupont, Hervé Tissot; Chicheportiche, Colette; Tamalet, Catherine; Gastaut, Jean-Albert; Salducci, Jacques (January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.lww.com/00002030-199301000-00012">"Q fever and HIV infection"</a>. AIDS. 7 (1): 81–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00002030-199301000-00012">10.1097/00002030-199301000-00012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0269-9370">0269-9370</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8442921">8442921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Q+fever+and+HIV+infection&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-86&rft.date=1993-01&rft.issn=0269-9370&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8442921&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00002030-199301000-00012&rft.aulast=Raoult&rft.aufirst=Didier&rft.au=Levy%2C+Pierre-Yves&rft.au=Dupont%2C+Herv%C3%A9+Tissot&rft.au=Chicheportiche%2C+Colette&rft.au=Tamalet%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Gastaut%2C+Jean-Albert&rft.au=Salducci%2C+Jacques&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2F00002030-199301000-00012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrenchNakiyingiLugadaWatera2001" class="citation journal cs1">French, Neil; Nakiyingi, Jessica; Lugada, Eric; Watera, Christine; Whitworth, James A. G.; Gilks, Charles F. (May 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2001/05040/Increasing_rates_of_malarial_fever_with.10.aspx">"Increasing rates of malarial fever with deteriorating immune status in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults"</a>. AIDS. 15 (7): 899–906. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00002030-200105040-00010">10.1097/00002030-200105040-00010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0269-9370">0269-9370</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11399962">11399962</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25470703">25470703</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222192422/https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2001/05040/Increasing_rates_of_malarial_fever_with.10.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS&rft.atitle=Increasing+rates+of+malarial+fever+with+deteriorating+immune+status+in+HIV-1-infected+Ugandan+adults&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=899-906&rft.date=2001-05&rft.issn=0269-9370&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25470703%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11399962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00002030-200105040-00010&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Nakiyingi%2C+Jessica&rft.au=Lugada%2C+Eric&rft.au=Watera%2C+Christine&rft.au=Whitworth%2C+James+A.+G.&rft.au=Gilks%2C+Charles+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Faidsonline%2FFulltext%2F2001%2F05040%2FIncreasing_rates_of_malarial_fever_with.10.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeymannWeisfeldWebbJohnson1980" class="citation journal cs1">Heymann, D. L.; Weisfeld, J. S.; Webb, P. A.; Johnson, K. M.; Cairns, T.; Berquist, H. (1 September 1980). "Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Tandala, Zaire, 1977–1978". Journal of Infectious Diseases. 142 (3): 372–376. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Finfdis%2F142.3.372">10.1093/infdis/142.3.372</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1899">0022-1899</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7441008">7441008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Ebola+Hemorrhagic+Fever%3A+Tandala%2C+Zaire%2C+1977%E2%80%931978&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=372-376&rft.date=1980-09-01&rft.issn=0022-1899&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7441008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Finfdis%2F142.3.372&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=D.+L.&rft.au=Weisfeld%2C+J.+S.&rft.au=Webb%2C+P.+A.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+K.+M.&rft.au=Cairns%2C+T.&rft.au=Berquist%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldmannGeisbert2011" class="citation journal cs1">Feldmann, Heinz; Geisbert, Thomas W (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406178">"Ebola haemorrhagic fever"</a>. The Lancet. 377 (9768): 849–862. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2810%2960667-8">10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60667-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-6736">0140-6736</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406178">3406178</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21084112">21084112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Ebola+haemorrhagic+fever&rft.volume=377&rft.issue=9768&rft.pages=849-862&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3406178%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21084112&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0140-6736%2810%2960667-8&rft.aulast=Feldmann&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rft.au=Geisbert%2C+Thomas+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3406178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOakleyGeraldMcCutchanAravind2011" class="citation journal cs1">Oakley, Miranda S.; Gerald, Noel; McCutchan, Thomas F.; Aravind, L.; Kumar, Sanjai (October 2011). "Clinical and molecular aspects of malaria fever". Trends in Parasitology. 27 (10): 442–449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pt.2011.06.004">10.1016/j.pt.2011.06.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-4922">1471-4922</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21795115">21795115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Clinical+and+molecular+aspects+of+malaria+fever&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=442-449&rft.date=2011-10&rft.issn=1471-4922&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21795115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pt.2011.06.004&rft.aulast=Oakley&rft.aufirst=Miranda+S.&rft.au=Gerald%2C+Noel&rft.au=McCutchan%2C+Thomas+F.&rft.au=Aravind%2C+L.&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Sanjai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColunga-SalasSánchez-MontesVolkowRuíz-Remigio2020" class="citation journal cs1">Colunga-Salas, Pablo; Sánchez-Montes, Sokani; Volkow, Patricia; Ruíz-Remigio, Adriana; Becker, Ingeborg (17 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7497999">"Lyme disease and relapsing fever in Mexico: An overview of human and wildlife infections"</a>. PLOS ONE. 15 (9): e0238496. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PLoSO..1538496C">2020PLoSO..1538496C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0238496">10.1371/journal.pone.0238496</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7497999">7497999</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32941463">32941463</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Lyme+disease+and+relapsing+fever+in+Mexico%3A+An+overview+of+human+and+wildlife+infections&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e0238496&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7497999%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PLoSO..1538496C&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32941463&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0238496&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Colunga-Salas&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft.au=S%C3%A1nchez-Montes%2C+Sokani&rft.au=Volkow%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Ru%C3%ADz-Remigio%2C+Adriana&rft.au=Becker%2C+Ingeborg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7497999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Puechal_2014-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Puechal_2014_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuéchalTerrierMouthonCostedoat-Chalumeau2014" class="citation journal cs1">Puéchal X, Terrier B, Mouthon L, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Guillevin L, Le Jeunne C (March 2014). "Relapsing polychondritis". Joint, Bone, Spine. 81 (2): 118–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jbspin.2014.01.001">10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24556284">24556284</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205754989">205754989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joint%2C+Bone%2C+Spine&rft.atitle=Relapsing+polychondritis&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=118-124&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205754989%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24556284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jbspin.2014.01.001&rft.aulast=Pu%C3%A9chal&rft.aufirst=X&rft.au=Terrier%2C+B&rft.au=Mouthon%2C+L&rft.au=Costedoat-Chalumeau%2C+N&rft.au=Guillevin%2C+L&rft.au=Le+Jeunne%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnhold2020" class="citation cs2">Arnhold, Jürgen (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816388-7.00009-7">"Cell and Tissue Destruction in Selected Disorders"</a>, Cell and Tissue Destruction, Elsevier, pp. 249–287, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-816388-7.00009-7">10.1016/b978-0-12-816388-7.00009-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780128163887" title="Special:BookSources/9780128163887"><bdi>9780128163887</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:209284148">209284148</a>, retrieved 22 April 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+and+Tissue+Destruction&rft.atitle=Cell+and+Tissue+Destruction+in+Selected+Disorders&rft.pages=249-287&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A209284148%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-816388-7.00009-7&rft.isbn=9780128163887&rft.aulast=Arnhold&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-816388-7.00009-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnhold,_Jürgen2019" class="citation book cs1">Arnhold, Jürgen (2019). Cell and tissue destruction: mechanisms, protection, disorders. Elsevier Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-816388-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-816388-7"><bdi>978-0-12-816388-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1120070914">1120070914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cell+and+tissue+destruction%3A+mechanisms%2C+protection%2C+disorders&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1120070914&rft.isbn=978-0-12-816388-7&rft.au=Arnhold%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-basics/signs-and-symptoms-of-cancer.html">"Signs and Symptoms of Cancer | Do I Have Cancer?"</a>. www.cancer.org. Retrieved 20 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cancer.org&rft.atitle=Signs+and+Symptoms+of+Cancer+%7C+Do+I+Have+Cancer%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancer.org%2Fcancer%2Fcancer-basics%2Fsigns-and-symptoms-of-cancer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenterwall,_Willard_R.1965" class="citation book cs1">Centerwall, Willard R. (1965). Phenylketonuria: an inherited metabolic disorder associated with mental retardation. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Welfare Administration, Children's Bureau. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/392284">392284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phenylketonuria%3A+an+inherited+metabolic+disorder+associated+with+mental+retardation&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Health%2C+Education%2C+and+Welfare%2C+Welfare+Administration%2C+Children%27s+Bureau&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F392284&rft.au=Centerwall%2C+Willard+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.32388/7344b1">"Metabolic Disorder"</a>, Definitions, Qeios, 7 February 2020, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.32388%2F7344b1">10.32388/7344b1</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42063856">42063856</a>, retrieved 22 April 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Definitions&rft.atitle=Metabolic+Disorder&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.32388%2F7344b1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42063856%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.32388%2F7344b1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2005" class="citation book cs1">Dean, Laura (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2265/">Blood transfusions and the immune system</a>. National Center for Biotechnology Information (US).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+transfusions+and+the+immune+system&rft.pub=National+Center+for+Biotechnology+Information+%28US%29&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK2265%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischler-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Fischler_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischlerReinhart1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fischler MP, Reinhart WH (May 1997). "[Fever: friend or enemy?]". Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift (in German). 127 (20): 864–870. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9289813">9289813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schweizerische+Medizinische+Wochenschrift&rft.atitle=%5BFever%3A+friend+or+enemy%3F%5D&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=864-870&rft.date=1997-05&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9289813&rft.aulast=Fischler&rft.aufirst=MP&rft.au=Reinhart%2C+WH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craven2003-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Craven2003_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craven2003_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craven2003_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craven2003_77-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCravenHirnle2003" class="citation book cs1">Craven RF, Hirnle CJ (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofnu0000unse_c8z5">Fundamentals of Nursing: Human Health and Function</a> (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780781758185" title="Special:BookSources/9780781758185"><bdi>9780781758185</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Nursing%3A+Human+Health+and+Function&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780781758185&rft.aulast=Craven&rft.aufirst=RF&rft.au=Hirnle%2C+CJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffundamentalsofnu0000unse_c8z5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LewisDirksenHeitkemper2005-78"><a href="#cite_ref-LewisDirksenHeitkemper2005_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisDirksenHeitkemper2005" class="citation book cs1">Lewis SM, Dirksen SR, Heitkemper MM (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TerPAAACAAJ">Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems</a> (6th ed.). Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier-Health Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323031059" title="Special:BookSources/9780323031059"><bdi>9780323031059</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical-Surgical+Nursing%3A+Assessment+and+Management+of+Clinical+Problems&rft.place=Amsterdam%2C+NL&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Elsevier-Health+Sciences&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780323031059&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=SM&rft.au=Dirksen%2C+SR&rft.au=Heitkemper%2C+MM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3TerPAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kiek-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kiek_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kiek_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiekkasArethaBakalisKarpouhtsi2013" class="citation journal cs1">Kiekkas P, Aretha D, Bakalis N, Karpouhtsi I, Marneras C, Baltopoulos GI (August 2013). "Fever effects and treatment in critical care: literature review". Australian Critical Care. 26 (3): 130–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aucc.2012.10.004">10.1016/j.aucc.2012.10.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23199670">23199670</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Critical+Care&rft.atitle=Fever+effects+and+treatment+in+critical+care%3A+literature+review&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=130-135&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aucc.2012.10.004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23199670&rft.aulast=Kiekkas&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Aretha%2C+D&rft.au=Bakalis%2C+N&rft.au=Karpouhtsi%2C+I&rft.au=Marneras%2C+C&rft.au=Baltopoulos%2C+GI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9917881-80"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9917881_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlugerKozakConnLeon1998" class="citation journal cs1">Kluger MJ, Kozak W, Conn CA, Leon LR, Soszynski D (September 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.x">"Role of fever in disease"</a>. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 856 (1): 224–233. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998NYASA.856..224K">1998NYASA.856..224K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.x">10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9917881">9917881</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12408561">12408561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Role+of+fever+in+disease&rft.volume=856&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=224-233&rft.date=1998-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12408561%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9917881&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998NYASA.856..224K&rft.aulast=Kluger&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Kozak%2C+W&rft.au=Conn%2C+CA&rft.au=Leon%2C+LR&rft.au=Soszynski%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1749-6632.1998.tb08329.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SepticReview2017-81"><a href="#cite_ref-SepticReview2017_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrewryAblordeppeyMurrayStoll2017" class="citation journal cs1">Drewry, Anne M.; Ablordeppey, Enyo A.; Murray, Ellen T.; Stoll, Carolyn R. T.; Izadi, Sonya R.; Dalton, Catherine M.; Hardi, Angela C.; Fowler, Susan A.; Fuller, Brian M.; Colditz, Graham A. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5389594">"Antipyretic Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients"</a>. Critical Care Medicine. 45 (5): 806–813. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FCCM.0000000000002285">10.1097/CCM.0000000000002285</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5389594">5389594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28221185">28221185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Antipyretic+Therapy+in+Critically+Ill+Septic+Patients&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=806-813&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5389594%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28221185&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FCCM.0000000000002285&rft.aulast=Drewry&rft.aufirst=Anne+M.&rft.au=Ablordeppey%2C+Enyo+A.&rft.au=Murray%2C+Ellen+T.&rft.au=Stoll%2C+Carolyn+R.+T.&rft.au=Izadi%2C+Sonya+R.&rft.au=Dalton%2C+Catherine+M.&rft.au=Hardi%2C+Angela+C.&rft.au=Fowler%2C+Susan+A.&rft.au=Fuller%2C+Brian+M.&rft.au=Colditz%2C+Graham+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5389594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VUB-82"><a href="#cite_ref-VUB_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuNguyenWangCai2005" class="citation journal cs1">Su F, Nguyen ND, Wang Z, Cai Y, Rogiers P, Vincent JL (June 2005). "Fever control in septic shock: beneficial or harmful?". Shock. 23 (6): 516–520. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15897803">15897803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shock&rft.atitle=Fever+control+in+septic+shock%3A+beneficial+or+harmful%3F&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=516-520&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15897803&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Nguyen%2C+ND&rft.au=Wang%2C+Z&rft.au=Cai%2C+Y&rft.au=Rogiers%2C+P&rft.au=Vincent%2C+JL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumbusMaticsHegyiZsiboras2017" class="citation journal cs1">Rumbus, Z; Matics, R; Hegyi, P; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5230786">"Fever Is Associated with Reduced, Hypothermia with Increased Mortality in Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials"</a>. PLOS ONE. 12 (1): e0170152. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PLoSO..1270152R">2017PLoSO..1270152R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0170152">10.1371/journal.pone.0170152</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5230786">5230786</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28081244">28081244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Fever+Is+Associated+with+Reduced%2C+Hypothermia+with+Increased+Mortality+in+Septic+Patients%3A+A+Meta-Analysis+of+Clinical+Trials.&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e0170152&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5230786%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28081244&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0170152&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PLoSO..1270152R&rft.aulast=Rumbus&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.au=Matics%2C+R&rft.au=Hegyi%2C+P&rft.au=Zsiboras%2C+C&rft.au=Szabo%2C+I&rft.au=Illes%2C+A&rft.au=Petervari%2C+E&rft.au=Balasko%2C+M&rft.au=Marta%2C+K&rft.au=Miko%2C+A&rft.au=Parniczky%2C+A&rft.au=Tenk%2C+J&rft.au=Rostas%2C+I&rft.au=Solymar%2C+M&rft.au=Garami%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5230786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUshikubi1998" class="citation journal cs1">Ushikubi F, et al. (September 1998). "Impaired febrile response in mice lacking the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3". Nature. 395 (6699): 281–284. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Natur.395..281U">1998Natur.395..281U</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F26233">10.1038/26233</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9751056">9751056</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4420632">4420632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Impaired+febrile+response+in+mice+lacking+the+prostaglandin+E+receptor+subtype+EP3&rft.volume=395&rft.issue=6699&rft.pages=281-284&rft.date=1998-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F26233&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4420632%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9751056&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998Natur.395..281U&rft.aulast=Ushikubi&rft.aufirst=F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid25976513-85"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid25976513_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansRepaskyFisher2015" class="citation journal cs1">Evans SS, Repasky EA, Fisher DT (June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786079">"Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat"</a>. Nature Reviews. Immunology. 15 (6): 335–349. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnri3843">10.1038/nri3843</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786079">4786079</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25976513">25976513</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Immunology&rft.atitle=Fever+and+the+thermal+regulation+of+immunity%3A+the+immune+system+feels+the+heat&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=335-349&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4786079%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25976513&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnri3843&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=SS&rft.au=Repasky%2C+EA&rft.au=Fisher%2C+DT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4786079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabareanMorrisonMarcondesBartfai2010" class="citation journal cs1">Tabarean, Iustin; Morrison, Brad; Marcondes, Maria Cecilia; Bartfai, Tamas; Conti, Bruno (January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818054">"Hypothalamic and dietary control of temperature-mediated longevity"</a>. Ageing Research Reviews. 9 (1): 41–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.arr.2009.07.004">10.1016/j.arr.2009.07.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1872-9649">1872-9649</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818054">2818054</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19631766">19631766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ageing+Research+Reviews&rft.atitle=Hypothalamic+and+dietary+control+of+temperature-mediated+longevity&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-50&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2818054%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1872-9649&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19631766&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.arr.2009.07.004&rft.aulast=Tabarean&rft.aufirst=Iustin&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Brad&rft.au=Marcondes%2C+Maria+Cecilia&rft.au=Bartfai%2C+Tamas&rft.au=Conti%2C+Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2818054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowackGiroudArnoldRuf2017" class="citation journal cs1">Nowack, Julia; Giroud, Sylvain; Arnold, Walter; Ruf, Thomas (9 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5684175">"Muscle Non-shivering Thermogenesis and Its Role in the Evolution of Endothermy"</a>. Frontiers in Physiology. 8: 889. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffphys.2017.00889">10.3389/fphys.2017.00889</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-042X">1664-042X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5684175">5684175</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29170642">29170642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Physiology&rft.atitle=Muscle+Non-shivering+Thermogenesis+and+Its+Role+in+the+Evolution+of+Endothermy&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=889&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5684175%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1664-042X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29170642&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffphys.2017.00889&rft.aulast=Nowack&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.au=Giroud%2C+Sylvain&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Walter&rft.au=Ruf%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5684175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeussen2007" class="citation journal cs1">Deussen, A. (September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17554514/">"[Hyperthermia and hypothermia. Effects on the cardiovascular system]"</a>. Der Anaesthesist. 56 (9): 907–911. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00101-007-1219-4">10.1007/s00101-007-1219-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-2417">0003-2417</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17554514">17554514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Anaesthesist&rft.atitle=%5BHyperthermia+and+hypothermia.+Effects+on+the+cardiovascular+system%5D&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=907-911&rft.date=2007-09&rft.issn=0003-2417&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17554514&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00101-007-1219-4&rft.aulast=Deussen&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F17554514%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHagelJagschiesSofer2008" class="citation book cs1">Hagel L, Jagschies G, Sofer G (1 January 2008). "5 – Analysis". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookprocessc00hage">Handbook of Process Chromatography</a> (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookprocessc00hage/page/n145">127</a>–145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-012374023-6.50007-5">10.1016/b978-012374023-6.50007-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-374023-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-374023-6"><bdi>978-0-12-374023-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5+%E2%80%93+Analysis&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Process+Chromatography&rft.pages=127-145&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-012374023-6.50007-5&rft.isbn=978-0-12-374023-6&rft.aulast=Hagel&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft.au=Jagschies%2C+G%C3%BCnter&rft.au=Sofer%2C+Gail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookprocessc00hage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKojima2012" class="citation book cs1">Kojima K (1 January 2012). "17 – Biological evaluation and regulation of medical devices in Japan". In Boutrand JP (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biocompatibility00bout">Biocompatibility and Performance of Medical Devices</a>. Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials. Woodhead Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biocompatibility00bout/page/n434">404</a>–448. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1533%2F9780857096456.4.404">10.1533/9780857096456.4.404</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85709-070-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85709-070-6"><bdi>978-0-85709-070-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:107630997">107630997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=17+%E2%80%93+Biological+evaluation+and+regulation+of+medical+devices+in+Japan&rft.btitle=Biocompatibility+and+Performance+of+Medical+Devices&rft.series=Woodhead+Publishing+Series+in+Biomaterials&rft.pages=404-448&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A107630997%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1533%2F9780857096456.4.404&rft.isbn=978-0-85709-070-6&rft.aulast=Kojima&rft.aufirst=K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiocompatibility00bout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Radhi2018" class="citation cs2">El-Radhi, A. Sahib (2018), El-Radhi, A. Sahib (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92336-9_3">"Pathogenesis of Fever"</a>, Clinical Manual of Fever in Children, Cham: Springer International Publishing: 53–68, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-92336-9_3">10.1007/978-3-319-92336-9_3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-92336-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-92336-9"><bdi>978-3-319-92336-9</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122269">7122269</a>, retrieved 26 June 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Manual+of+Fever+in+Children&rft.atitle=Pathogenesis+of+Fever&rft.pages=53-68&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7122269%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-92336-9_3&rft.isbn=978-3-319-92336-9&rft.aulast=El-Radhi&rft.aufirst=A.+Sahib&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-92336-9_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffairs2018" class="citation journal cs1">Affairs, Office of Regulatory (3 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/inspection-technical-guides/pyrogens-still-danger">"Pyrogens, Still a Danger"</a>. FDA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Pyrogens%2C+Still+a+Danger&rft.date=2018-11-03&rft.aulast=Affairs&rft.aufirst=Office+of+Regulatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Finspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations%2Finspection-technical-guides%2Fpyrogens-still-danger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstableHinchcliffDoneGrünberg2017" class="citation book cs1">Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grünberg W, eds. (1 January 2017). "4 – General Systemic States". Veterinary Medicine (11th ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 43–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-7020-5246-0.00004-8">10.1016/b978-0-7020-5246-0.00004-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-5246-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-5246-0"><bdi>978-0-7020-5246-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214758182">214758182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+%E2%80%93+General+Systemic+States&rft.btitle=Veterinary+Medicine&rft.pages=43-112&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=W.B.+Saunders&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214758182%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-7020-5246-0.00004-8&rft.isbn=978-0-7020-5246-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinarello2015" class="citation journal cs1">Dinarello CA (31 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843879">"The history of fever, leukocytic pyrogen and interleukin-1"</a>. Temperature. 2 (1): 8–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23328940.2015.1017086">10.1080/23328940.2015.1017086</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843879">4843879</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27226996">27226996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Temperature&rft.atitle=The+history+of+fever%2C+leukocytic+pyrogen+and+interleukin-1&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8-16&rft.date=2015-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4843879%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27226996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23328940.2015.1017086&rft.aulast=Dinarello&rft.aufirst=CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4843879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-boron-58-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boron-58_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boron-58_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStitt,_John2008" class="citation book cs1">Stitt, John (2008). "Chapter 59: Regulation of Body Temperature". In Boron WF, Boulpaep, EL (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=unBlQgAACAAJ">Medical Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach</a> (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416031154" title="Special:BookSources/9781416031154"><bdi>9781416031154</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+59%3A+Regulation+of+Body+Temperature&rft.btitle=Medical+Physiology%3A+A+Cellular+and+Molecular+Approach&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Elsevier+Saunders&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781416031154&rft.au=Stitt%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DunBlQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy,_Kenneth_(Kenneth_M.)2017" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Kenneth (Kenneth M.) (2017). Janeway's immunobiology. Weaver, Casey (9th ed.). New York. pp. 118–119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-4505-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-4505-3"><bdi>978-0-8153-4505-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/933586700">933586700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janeway%27s+immunobiology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=118-119&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F933586700&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-4505-3&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Kenneth+%28Kenneth+M.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefferlHopkinsRothwellLuheshi1996" class="citation journal cs1">Stefferl A, Hopkins SJ, Rothwell NJ, Luheshi GN (August 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1909906">"The role of TNF-alpha in fever: opposing actions of human and murine TNF-alpha and interactions with IL-beta in the rat"</a>. British Journal of Pharmacology. 118 (8): 1919–1924. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1476-5381.1996.tb15625.x">10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15625.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1909906">1909906</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8864524">8864524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=The+role+of+TNF-alpha+in+fever%3A+opposing+actions+of+human+and+murine+TNF-alpha+and+interactions+with+IL-beta+in+the+rat&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1919-1924&rft.date=1996-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1909906%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8864524&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1476-5381.1996.tb15625.x&rft.aulast=Stefferl&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Hopkins%2C+SJ&rft.au=Rothwell%2C+NJ&rft.au=Luheshi%2C+GN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1909906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedySilver2016" class="citation cs2">Kennedy, Rachel H.; Silver, Rae (2016), Pfaff, Donald W.; Volkow, Nora D. (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_174-1">"Neuroimmune Signaling: Cytokines and the CNS"</a>, Neuroscience in the 21st Century, New York: Springer, pp. 1–41, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6434-1_174-1">10.1007/978-1-4614-6434-1_174-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-6434-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4614-6434-1"><bdi>978-1-4614-6434-1</bdi></a>, retrieved 26 June 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+in+the+21st+Century&rft.atitle=Neuroimmune+Signaling%3A+Cytokines+and+the+CNS&rft.pages=1-41&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6434-1_174-1&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-6434-1&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Rachel+H.&rft.au=Silver%2C+Rae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4614-6434-1_174-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEskilsson2020" class="citation book cs1">Eskilsson, Anna (2020). Inflammatory Signaling Across the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Generation of Fever. Linköping: Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7929-936-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7929-936-1"><bdi>978-91-7929-936-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inflammatory+Signaling+Across+the+Blood-Brain+Barrier+and+the+Generation+of+Fever&rft.place=Link%C3%B6ping&rft.pub=Link%C3%B6ping+University%2C+Department+of+Biomedical+and+Clinical+Sciences&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-91-7929-936-1&rft.aulast=Eskilsson&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivasanHarrisKilpatrick2017" class="citation book cs1">Srinivasan L, Harris MC, Kilpatrick LE (1 January 2017). "128 – Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate". In Polin RA, Abman SH, Rowitch DH, Benitz WE (eds.). Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (5th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1241–1254.e4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-35214-7.00128-1">10.1016/b978-0-323-35214-7.00128-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-35214-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-35214-7"><bdi>978-0-323-35214-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=128+%E2%80%93+Cytokines+and+Inflammatory+Response+in+the+Fetus+and+Neonate&rft.btitle=Fetal+and+Neonatal+Physiology&rft.pages=1241-1254.e4&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-35214-7.00128-1&rft.isbn=978-0-323-35214-7&rft.aulast=Srinivasan&rft.aufirst=Lakshmi&rft.au=Harris%2C+Mary+Catherine&rft.au=Kilpatrick%2C+Laurie+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonBoggild2011" class="citation book cs1">Wilson ME, Boggild AK (1 January 2011). "130 – Fever and Systemic Symptoms". In Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF (eds.). Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice (3rd ed.). W.B. Saunders. pp. 925–938. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-7020-3935-5.00130-0">10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00130-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-3935-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-3935-5"><bdi>978-0-7020-3935-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=130+%E2%80%93+Fever+and+Systemic+Symptoms&rft.btitle=Tropical+Infectious+Diseases%3A+Principles%2C+Pathogens+and+Practice&rft.pages=925-938&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=W.B.+Saunders&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-7020-3935-5.00130-0&rft.isbn=978-0-7020-3935-5&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Mary+E.&rft.au=Boggild%2C+Andrea+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothBlatteis2014" class="citation journal cs1">Roth J, Blatteis CM (October 2014). "Mechanisms of fever production and lysis: Lessons from experimental LPS fever". Comprehensive Physiology. 4 (4): 1563–1604. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcphy.c130033">10.1002/cphy.c130033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470650714" title="Special:BookSources/9780470650714"><bdi>9780470650714</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25428854">25428854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comprehensive+Physiology&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+fever+production+and+lysis%3A+Lessons+from+experimental+LPS+fever&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1563-1604&rft.date=2014-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25428854&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcphy.c130033&rft.isbn=9780470650714&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Blatteis%2C+CM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwigMcWhinnie2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ludwig J, McWhinnie H (May 2019). "Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature review". Br J Nurs. 28 (10): 610–618. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12968%2Fbjon.2019.28.10.610">10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.610</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31116598">31116598</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162182092">162182092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Br+J+Nurs&rft.atitle=Antipyretic+drugs+in+patients+with+fever+and+infection%3A+literature+review&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=610-618&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162182092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31116598&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12968%2Fbjon.2019.28.10.610&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=McWhinnie%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC_symptoms-104"><a href="#cite_ref-CDC_symptoms_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/sick.htm">"What To Do If You Get Sick: 2009 H1N1 and Seasonal Flu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. 7 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091103195142/http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/sick.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+To+Do+If+You+Get+Sick%3A+2009+H1N1+and+Seasonal+Flu&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.date=2009-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fh1n1flu%2Fsick.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinCunha1996" class="citation journal cs1">Klein, Natalie C.; Cunha, Burke A. (1 March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0891-5520%2805%2970295-6">"Treatment of Fever"</a>. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. 10 (1): 211–216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0891-5520%2805%2970295-6">10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70295-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0891-5520">0891-5520</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8698992">8698992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infectious+Disease+Clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Fever&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=211-216&rft.date=1996-03-01&rft.issn=0891-5520&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8698992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0891-5520%2805%2970295-6&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Natalie+C.&rft.au=Cunha%2C+Burke+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0891-5520%252805%252970295-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-revben-106"><a href="#cite_ref-revben_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_James_WalterMike_Carraretto2016" class="citation journal cs1">Edward James Walter; Mike Carraretto (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944502">"The neurological and cognitive consequences of hyperthermia"</a>. Critical Care. 20 (1): 199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13054-016-1376-4">10.1186/s13054-016-1376-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944502">4944502</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27411704">27411704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Care&rft.atitle=The+neurological+and+cognitive+consequences+of+hyperthermia&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=199&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4944502%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27411704&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13054-016-1376-4&rft.au=Edward+James+Walter&rft.au=Mike+Carraretto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4944502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrewryAblordeppeyMurrayStoll2017" class="citation journal cs1">Drewry AM, Ablordeppey EA, Murray ET, Stoll CR, Izadi SR, Dalton CM, Hardi AC, Fowler SA, Fuller BM, Colditz GA (May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5389594">"Antipyretic Therapy in Critically Ill Septic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"</a>. Critical Care Medicine. 45 (5): 806–813. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FCCM.0000000000002285">10.1097/CCM.0000000000002285</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5389594">5389594</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28221185">28221185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Care+Medicine&rft.atitle=Antipyretic+Therapy+in+Critically+Ill+Septic+Patients%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=806-813&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5389594%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28221185&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FCCM.0000000000002285&rft.aulast=Drewry&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Ablordeppey%2C+EA&rft.au=Murray%2C+ET&rft.au=Stoll%2C+CR&rft.au=Izadi%2C+SR&rft.au=Dalton%2C+CM&rft.au=Hardi%2C+AC&rft.au=Fowler%2C+SA&rft.au=Fuller%2C+BM&rft.au=Colditz%2C+GA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5389594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeremikwuOyo-Ita2003" class="citation journal cs1">Meremikwu M, Oyo-Ita A (2003). Meremikwu MM (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532675">"Physical methods for treating fever in children"</a>. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003 (2): CD004264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD004264">10.1002/14651858.CD004264</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532675">6532675</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12804512">12804512</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Physical+methods+for+treating+fever+in+children&rft.volume=2003&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=CD004264&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6532675%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12804512&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD004264&rft.aulast=Meremikwu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Oyo-Ita%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6532675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fever.html">"Fever"</a>. National Institute of Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430014050/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fever.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Health&rft.atitle=Fever&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedlineplus%2Ffever.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid21328268-110"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid21328268_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuppyMickanDel_MarThorning2011" class="citation journal cs1">Guppy MP, Mickan SM, Del Mar CB, Thorning S, Rack A (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197045">"Advising patients to increase fluid intake for treating acute respiratory infections"</a>. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011 (2): CD004419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD004419.pub3">10.1002/14651858.CD004419.pub3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197045">7197045</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21328268">21328268</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Advising+patients+to+increase+fluid+intake+for+treating+acute+respiratory+infections&rft.volume=2011&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=CD004419&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7197045%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21328268&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD004419.pub3&rft.aulast=Guppy&rft.aufirst=MP&rft.au=Mickan%2C+SM&rft.au=Del+Mar%2C+CB&rft.au=Thorning%2C+S&rft.au=Rack%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7197045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl-Radhi2000" class="citation journal cs1">El-Radhi, A. S. (1 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adc.bmj.com/content/83/4/369.4">"Physical treatment of fever"</a>. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 83 (4): 369c–369. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fadc.83.4.369c">10.1136/adc.83.4.369c</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-9888">0003-9888</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1718494">1718494</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11032580">11032580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood&rft.atitle=Physical+treatment+of+fever&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=369c-369&rft.date=2000-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1718494%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0003-9888&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11032580&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fadc.83.4.369c&rft.aulast=El-Radhi&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadc.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F83%2F4%2F369.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Per2004-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Per2004_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Per2004_112-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrottPiiraGoodenoughChampion2004" class="citation journal cs1">Perrott DA, Piira T, Goodenough B, Champion GD (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchpedi.158.6.521">"Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen vs ibuprofen for treating children's pain or fever: a meta-analysis"</a>. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 158 (6): 521–526. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchpedi.158.6.521">10.1001/archpedi.158.6.521</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15184213">15184213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+safety+of+acetaminophen+vs+ibuprofen+for+treating+children%27s+pain+or+fever%3A+a+meta-analysis&rft.volume=158&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=521-526&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchpedi.158.6.521&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15184213&rft.aulast=Perrott&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.au=Piira%2C+T&rft.au=Goodenough%2C+B&rft.au=Champion%2C+GD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1001%252Farchpedi.158.6.521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19454182-113"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19454182_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayRedmondCostelloeMontgomery2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hay AD, Redmond NM, Costelloe C, Montgomery AA, Fletcher M, Hollinghurst S, Peters TJ (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3310%2Fhta13270">"Paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children: the PITCH randomised controlled trial"</a>. Health Technology Assessment. 13 (27): iii–iv, ix–x, 1–163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3310%2Fhta13270">10.3310/hta13270</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10044%2F1%2F57595">10044/1/57595</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19454182">19454182</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Technology+Assessment&rft.atitle=Paracetamol+and+ibuprofen+for+the+treatment+of+fever+in+children%3A+the+PITCH+randomised+controlled+trial&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=iii-iv%2C+ix-x%2C+1-163&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10044%2F1%2F57595&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19454182&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3310%2Fhta13270&rft.aulast=Hay&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.au=Redmond%2C+NM&rft.au=Costelloe%2C+C&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+AA&rft.au=Fletcher%2C+M&rft.au=Hollinghurst%2C+S&rft.au=Peters%2C+TJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3310%252Fhta13270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19606950-114"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19606950_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoutheySoares-WeiserKleijnen2009" class="citation journal cs1">Southey ER, Soares-Weiser K, Kleijnen J (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/11815293">"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical safety and tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in paediatric pain and fever"</a>. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 25 (9): 2207–2222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1185%2F03007990903116255">10.1185/03007990903116255</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19606950">19606950</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31653539">31653539</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Medical+Research+and+Opinion&rft.atitle=Systematic+review+and+meta-analysis+of+the+clinical+safety+and+tolerability+of+ibuprofen+compared+with+paracetamol+in+paediatric+pain+and+fever&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=2207-2222&rft.date=2009-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31653539%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19606950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1185%2F03007990903116255&rft.aulast=Southey&rft.aufirst=ER&rft.au=Soares-Weiser%2C+K&rft.au=Kleijnen%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffigshare.com%2Farticles%2Fjournal_contribution%2F11815293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid12076499-115"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid12076499_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeremikwuOyo-Ita2002" class="citation journal cs1">Meremikwu M, Oyo-Ita A (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532671">"Paracetamol for treating fever in children"</a>. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2002 (2): CD003676. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD003676">10.1002/14651858.CD003676</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532671">6532671</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12076499">12076499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Paracetamol+for+treating+fever+in+children&rft.volume=2002&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=CD003676&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6532671%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12076499&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD003676&rft.aulast=Meremikwu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Oyo-Ita%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6532671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid9049576-116"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid9049576_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAutretReboul-MartyHenry-LaunoisLaborde1997" class="citation journal cs1">Autret E, Reboul-Marty J, Henry-Launois B, Laborde C, Courcier S, Goehrs JM, Languillat G, Launois R (1997). "Evaluation of ibuprofen versus aspirin and paracetamol on efficacy and comfort in children with fever". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 51 (5): 367–371. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002280050215">10.1007/s002280050215</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9049576">9049576</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27519225">27519225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+ibuprofen+versus+aspirin+and+paracetamol+on+efficacy+and+comfort+in+children+with+fever&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=367-371&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27519225%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9049576&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs002280050215&rft.aulast=Autret&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Reboul-Marty%2C+J&rft.au=Henry-Launois%2C+B&rft.au=Laborde%2C+C&rft.au=Courcier%2C+S&rft.au=Goehrs%2C+JM&rft.au=Languillat%2C+G&rft.au=Launois%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"2.9 Antiplatelet drugs". <a href="/wiki/British_National_Formulary_for_Children" title="British National Formulary for Children">British National Formulary for Children</a>. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 2007. p. 151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.9+Antiplatelet+drugs&rft.btitle=British+National+Formulary+for+Children&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=British+Medical+Association+and+Royal+Pharmaceutical+Society+of+Great+Britain&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wong2013-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wong2013_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wong2013_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWongStangGanshornHartling2013" class="citation journal cs1">Wong T, Stang AS, Ganshorn H, Hartling L, Maconochie IK, Thomsen AM, Johnson DW (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532735">"Combined and alternating paracetamol and ibuprofen therapy for febrile children"</a>. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (10): CD009572. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD009572.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD009572.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6532735">6532735</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24174375">24174375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Combined+and+alternating+paracetamol+and+ibuprofen+therapy+for+febrile+children&rft.volume=2013&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=CD009572&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6532735%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24174375&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD009572.pub2&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Stang%2C+AS&rft.au=Ganshorn%2C+H&rft.au=Hartling%2C+L&rft.au=Maconochie%2C+IK&rft.au=Thomsen%2C+AM&rft.au=Johnson%2C+DW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6532735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid23846358-119"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid23846358_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2013" class="citation journal cs1">King D (August 2013). "Question 2: does a failure to respond to antipyretics predict serious illness in children with a fever?". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 98 (8): 644–646. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Farchdischild-2013-304497">10.1136/archdischild-2013-304497</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23846358">23846358</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32438262">32438262</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Disease+in+Childhood&rft.atitle=Question+2%3A+does+a+failure+to+respond+to+antipyretics+predict+serious+illness+in+children+with+a+fever%3F&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=644-646&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32438262%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23846358&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Farchdischild-2013-304497&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwigMcWhinnie2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ludwig J, McWhinnie H (May 2019). "Antipyretic drugs in patients with fever and infection: literature review". British Journal of Nursing. 28 (10): 610–618. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12968%2Fbjon.2019.28.10.610">10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.610</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31116598">31116598</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162182092">162182092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Nursing&rft.atitle=Antipyretic+drugs+in+patients+with+fever+and+infection%3A+literature+review&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=610-618&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162182092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31116598&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12968%2Fbjon.2019.28.10.610&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=McWhinnie%2C+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EMP2012-121"><a href="#cite_ref-EMP2012_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNassisiOishi2012" class="citation journal cs1">Nassisi D, Oishi ML (January 2012). "Evidence-based guidelines for evaluation and antimicrobial therapy for common emergency department infections". Emergency Medicine Practice. 14 (1): 1–28, quiz 28–29. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22292348">22292348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emergency+Medicine+Practice&rft.atitle=Evidence-based+guidelines+for+evaluation+and+antimicrobial+therapy+for+common+emergency+department+infections&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-28%2C+quiz+28-29&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22292348&rft.aulast=Nassisi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Oishi%2C+ML&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sajadi2012-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sajadi2012_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sajadi2012_122-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSajadiBonabiSajadiMackowiak2012" class="citation journal cs1">Sajadi MM, Bonabi R, Sajadi MR, Mackowiak PA (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcid%2Fcis596">"Akhawayni and the first fever curve"</a>. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 55 (7): 976–980. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcid%2Fcis596">10.1093/cid/cis596</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22820543">22820543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Akhawayni+and+the+first+fever+curve&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=976-980&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcid%2Fcis596&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22820543&rft.aulast=Sajadi&rft.aufirst=MM&rft.au=Bonabi%2C+R&rft.au=Sajadi%2C+MR&rft.au=Mackowiak%2C+PA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fcid%252Fcis596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasanovaAbel2021" class="citation journal cs1">Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Abel, Laurent (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7923385">"Lethal Infectious Diseases as Inborn Errors of Immunity: Toward a Synthesis of the Germ and Genetic Theories"</a>. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease. 16: 23–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-pathol-031920-101429">10.1146/annurev-pathol-031920-101429</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7923385">7923385</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32289233">32289233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Pathology%3A+Mechanisms+of+Disease&rft.atitle=Lethal+Infectious+Diseases+as+Inborn+Errors+of+Immunity%3A+Toward+a+Synthesis+of+the+Germ+and+Genetic+Theories&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=23-50&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7923385%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32289233&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-pathol-031920-101429&rft.aulast=Casanova&rft.aufirst=Jean-Laurent&rft.au=Abel%2C+Laurent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7923385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStraus1970" class="citation journal cs1">Straus, Bernard (September 1970) [first presented at a conference on 27 May 1970]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1749762">"Defunct and Dying Diseases"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_New_York_Academy_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine">Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine</a>. 46 (9): 686–706. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1749762">1749762</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4916301">4916301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Defunct+and+Dying+Diseases&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=686-706&rft.date=1970-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1749762%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4916301&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1749762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheid2015" class="citation cs2">Scheid, John (22 December 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/classics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-2651">"Febris"</a>, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.2651">10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2651</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938113-5</bdi></a>, retrieved 23 January 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Febris&rft.btitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Classics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.2651&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938113-5&rft.aulast=Scheid&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Fclassics%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199381135-e-2651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crocetti2001-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetti2001_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetti2001_126-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetti2001_126-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetti2001_126-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrocettiMoghbeliSerwint2001" class="citation journal cs1">Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/107/6/1241">"Fever Phobia Revisited: Have Parental Misconceptions About Fever Changed in 20 Years?"</a>. Pediatrics. 107 (6): 1241–1246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.107.6.1241">10.1542/peds.107.6.1241</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11389237">11389237</a>. Retrieved 31 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Fever+Phobia+Revisited%3A+Have+Parental+Misconceptions+About+Fever+Changed+in+20+Years%3F&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1241-1246&rft.date=2001-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.107.6.1241&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11389237&rft.aulast=Crocetti&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Moghbeli%2C+N&rft.au=Serwint%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpediatrics.aappublications.org%2Fcontent%2F107%2F6%2F1241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlass,_Perri2011" class="citation news cs1">Klass, Perri (10 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/health/11klass.html">"Lifting a Veil of Fear to See a Few Benefits of Fever"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929041558/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/11/health/11klass.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lifting+a+Veil+of+Fear+to+See+a+Few+Benefits+of+Fever&rft.date=2011-01-10&rft.au=Klass%2C+Perri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F11%2Fhealth%2F11klass.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100326053227/http://www.equusite.com/articles/health/healthVitalSigns.shtml">"Equusite Vital Signs"</a>. equusite.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equusite.com/articles/health/healthVitalSigns.shtml">the original</a> on 26 March 2010. Retrieved 22 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Equusite+Vital+Signs&rft.pub=equusite.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.equusite.com%2Farticles%2Fhealth%2FhealthVitalSigns.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt-NielsenSchmidt-NielsenJarnumHoupt1957" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt-Nielsen K, Schmidt-Nielsen B, Jarnum SA, Houpt TR (January 1957). "Body temperature of the camel and its relation to water economy". The American Journal of Physiology. 188 (1): 103–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajplegacy.1956.188.1.103">10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.188.1.103</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13402948">13402948</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Physiology&rft.atitle=Body+temperature+of+the+camel+and+its+relation+to+water+economy&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-112&rft.date=1957-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fajplegacy.1956.188.1.103&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13402948&rft.aulast=Schmidt-Nielsen&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Schmidt-Nielsen%2C+B&rft.au=Jarnum%2C+SA&rft.au=Houpt%2C+TR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeese1917" class="citation journal cs1">Leese A (March 1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XcYfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA81">"'Tips' on camels, for veterinary surgeons on active service"</a>. The British Veterinary Journal. 73: 81 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Veterinary+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Tips%27+on+camels%2C+for+veterinary+surgeons+on+active+service&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=81&rft.date=1917-03&rft.aulast=Leese&rft.aufirst=A.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXcYfAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTefera2004" class="citation journal cs1">Tefera M (July 2004). "Observations on the clinical examination of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the field". Tropical Animal Health and Production. 36 (5): 435–449. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2Fb%3Atrop.0000035006.37928.cf">10.1023/b:trop.0000035006.37928.cf</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15449833">15449833</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26358556">26358556</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tropical+Animal+Health+and+Production&rft.atitle=Observations+on+the+clinical+examination+of+the+camel+%28Camelus+dromedarius%29+in+the+field&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=435-449&rft.date=2004-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26358556%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15449833&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2Fb%3Atrop.0000035006.37928.cf&rft.aulast=Tefera&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas2003-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas2003_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas2003_132-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasBlanford2003" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas MB, Blanford S (July 2003). "Thermal biology in insect-parasite interactions". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 18 (7): 344–350. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2803%2900069-7">10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00069-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Ecology+%26+Evolution&rft.atitle=Thermal+biology+in+insect-parasite+interactions&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=344-350&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0169-5347%2803%2900069-7&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=MB&rft.au=Blanford%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhoadesPflanzer1996" class="citation book cs1">Rhoades R, Pflanzer RG (1996). "Chapter 27: Regulation of Body Temperature (Clinical Focus: Pathogenesis of Fever)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanphysiology00rhoa">Human Physiology</a> (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders College. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030051593" title="Special:BookSources/9780030051593"><bdi>9780030051593</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+27%3A+Regulation+of+Body+Temperature+%28Clinical+Focus%3A+Pathogenesis+of+Fever%29&rft.btitle=Human+Physiology&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Saunders+College&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780030051593&rft.aulast=Rhoades&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Pflanzer%2C+RG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanphysiology00rhoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFever" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fever&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38933" class="extiw" title="d:Q38933">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/R50">R50</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=780.6">780.6</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005334">D005334</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb18924.htm">18924</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm">003090</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/med/785-overview">med/785</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fever" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fever">Fever</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body/fever.html">Fever and Taking Your Child's Temperature</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003090.htm">US National Institute of Health factsheet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugcite.com/indi/?i=PYREXIA">Drugs most commonly associated with the adverse event Pyrexia (Fever) as reported the FDA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309114919/http://www.drugcite.com/indi/?i=PYREXIA">Archived</a> 9 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html">Fever</a> at MedlinePlus</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/11/well/live/fever-benefits.html">Why are We So Afraid of Fevers?</a> at The New York Times</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_that_are_general_or_constitutional" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:General_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:General symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:General_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:General symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:General_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:General symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_that_are_general_or_constitutional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Signs and symptoms</a> that are general or <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_symptoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional symptoms">constitutional</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">Temperature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">heat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fever</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fever_of_unknown_origin" title="Fever of unknown origin">of unknown origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug-induced_hyperthermia" title="Drug-induced hyperthermia">drug-induced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postoperative_fever" title="Postoperative fever">postoperative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">Hyperthermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperhidrosis" title="Hyperhidrosis">Hyperhidrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_sweats" title="Night sweats">Night sweats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">cold</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chills" title="Chills">Chills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia" title="Hypothermia">Hypothermia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aches and <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headache" title="Headache">Headache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_pain" title="Chronic pain">Chronic pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_pain" title="Cancer pain">Cancer pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myalgia" title="Myalgia">Myalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenderness_(medicine)" title="Tenderness (medicine)">Tenderness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaise" title="Malaise">Malaise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">Lassitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethargy" title="Lethargy">Lethargy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrophy" title="Atrophy">Atrophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_atrophy" title="Muscle atrophy">of muscle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weakness" title="Weakness">Asthenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cachexia" title="Cachexia">Cachexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorexia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anorexia">Anorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphagia" title="Polyphagia">Polyphagia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polydipsia" title="Polydipsia">polydipsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influenza-like_illness" title="Influenza-like illness">Flu-like symptoms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38933#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4017064-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85047994">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph441087&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531251705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fever&oldid=1257717671">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fever&oldid=1257717671</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fever" title="Category:Fever">Fever</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Symptoms_and_signs" title="Category:Symptoms and signs">Symptoms and signs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2018">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2020">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2020" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2020">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2020">Use dmy dates from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_April_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2020">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_medicine_articles_ready_to_translate" title="Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate">Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_emergency_medicine_articles_ready_to_translate" title="Category:Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate">Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 08:57 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fever&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5nd9x","wgBackendResponseTime":196,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.595","walltime":"1.793","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13863,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":369843,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9557,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":551509,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1600.449 1 -total"," 51.47% 823.691 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.30% 452.919 78 Template:Cite_journal"," 8.74% 139.958 30 Template:Cite_book"," 6.75% 108.070 2 Template:Short_description"," 6.23% 99.725 9 Template:Fix"," 6.21% 99.363 1 Template:Infobox_medical_condition"," 6.17% 98.815 1 Template:HumanTemperature"," 6.04% 96.623 1 Template:Sidebar"," 5.19% 83.020 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.983","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11279496,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-gflb9","timestamp":"20241122140451","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fever","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fever","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q38933","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q38933","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-27T14:51:04Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T08:57:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/13\/Symptoms-fever.jpg","headline":"common medical sign characterized by elevated body temperature"}</script> </body> </html>