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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possible_tectonism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_tectonism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Possible tectonism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_tectonism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_volcanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_volcanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Possible volcanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_volcanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_meteoroid_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_meteoroid_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Recent meteoroid impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_meteoroid_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Layers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_Plains_Unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_Plains_Unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Upper Plains Unit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_Plains_Unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linear_ridge_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linear_ridge_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Linear ridge networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linear_ridge_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Map_of_quadrangles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Map_of_quadrangles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Map of quadrangles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Map_of_quadrangles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arabia Terra</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE)" title="أرض العرب (المريخ) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرض العرب (المريخ)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Арабия Тера – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арабия Тера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94" title="ערביה טרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ערביה טרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Arabia Terra" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Arabia Terra" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arabia_Terra&params=21_N_6_E_globe:mars_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°N</span> <span class="longitude">6°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21°N 6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21; 6</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Martian upland region</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiarabiaboundaries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wikiarabiaboundaries.jpg/300px-Wikiarabiaboundaries.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wikiarabiaboundaries.jpg/450px-Wikiarabiaboundaries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Wikiarabiaboundaries.jpg/600px-Wikiarabiaboundaries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption>MOLA map showing boundaries for Arabia Terra and other nearby regions.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eden_Patera_THEMIS_day_IR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Eden_Patera_THEMIS_day_IR.jpg/250px-Eden_Patera_THEMIS_day_IR.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Eden_Patera_THEMIS_day_IR.jpg/375px-Eden_Patera_THEMIS_day_IR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Eden_Patera_THEMIS_day_IR.jpg/500px-Eden_Patera_THEMIS_day_IR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="2260" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thermal_Emission_Imaging_System" title="Thermal Emission Imaging System">THEMIS</a> daytime infrared image mosaic showing <a href="/wiki/Eden_Patera" title="Eden Patera">Eden Patera</a> (at center), one of the proposed volcanic <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a> complexes in Arabia Terra, and its surroundings</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxus_Patera,_a_caldera_on_Mars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oxus_Patera%2C_a_caldera_on_Mars.jpg/250px-Oxus_Patera%2C_a_caldera_on_Mars.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oxus_Patera%2C_a_caldera_on_Mars.jpg/375px-Oxus_Patera%2C_a_caldera_on_Mars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oxus_Patera%2C_a_caldera_on_Mars.jpg/500px-Oxus_Patera%2C_a_caldera_on_Mars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Ice sheet in Oxus Patera, a caldera in Arabia Terra. The scalloped nicks along the spines of the caldera's ridges are likely cracks caused by the expansion and contraction of ice.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Arabia Terra</b> is a large upland region in the north of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> that lies mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Arabia_quadrangle" title="Arabia quadrangle">Arabia quadrangle</a>, but a small part is in the <a href="/wiki/Mare_Acidalium_quadrangle" title="Mare Acidalium quadrangle">Mare Acidalium quadrangle</a>. It is densely cratered and heavily eroded. This battered topography indicates great age, and Arabia Terra is presumed to be one of the oldest terrains on the planet. It covers as much as 4,500 km (2,800 mi) at its longest extent, centered roughly at <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arabia_Terra&params=21_N_6_E_globe:mars_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°N</span> <span class="longitude">6°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21°N 6°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21; 6</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> with its eastern and southern regions rising 4 km (13,000 ft) above the north-west. Alongside its many craters, canyons wind through the Arabia Terra, many emptying into the large <a href="/wiki/Northern_lowlands_of_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern lowlands of Mars">northern lowlands</a> of the planet, which borders Arabia Terra to the north. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arabia contains many interesting features. There are some good examples of pedestal craters in the area. A pedestal crater has its ejecta above the surrounding terrain, often forming a steep cliff. The ejecta forms a resistant layer that protects the underlying material from erosion.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mounds and buttes on the floor of some craters display many layers. The layers may have formed by volcanic processes, by wind, or by underwater deposition.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dark_slope_streak" title="Dark slope streak">Dark slope streaks</a> have been observed in Tikhonravov Basin, a large eroded crater. The streaks appear on steep slopes and change over time. At first they are dark, then turn a lighter color, probably by the deposition of fine, light colored dust from the atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These streaks are thought by some to form by dust moving downslope in a way similar to snow avalanches on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arabia Terra was named in 1879 after a corresponding <a href="/wiki/Albedo_feature" title="Albedo feature">albedo feature</a> on a map by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Schiaparelli" title="Giovanni Schiaparelli">Giovanni Schiaparelli</a>, who named it in turn after the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_tectonism">Possible tectonism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Possible tectonism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research on the region was undertaken in 1997 and the individuality of the province better defined.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An equatorial belt was noted with a crater age distinctly younger than the northern part of the province and of <a href="/wiki/Noachis_Terra" title="Noachis Terra">Noachis Terra</a> to the south. This was interpreted as an "incipient back-arc system" provoked by the <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> of Mars lowlands under Arabia Terra during <a href="/wiki/Noachian_epoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Noachian epoch">Noachian</a> times. Regional fracture patterns were also explained in this manner, and the rotational instability of the planet as a cause was not supported. It contains extension tectonic features<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_volcanism">Possible volcanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Possible volcanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2013 study proposed that a number of craters within Arabia Terra, including <a href="/wiki/Eden_Patera" title="Eden Patera">Eden Patera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USGS1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euphrates_Patera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euphrates Patera (page does not exist)">Euphrates Patera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USGS2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Siloe_Patera" title="Siloe Patera">Siloe Patera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USGS3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Semeykin_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Semeykin (crater)">Semeykin crater</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USGS4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ismenia_Patera" title="Ismenia Patera">Ismenia Patera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USGS5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxus_Patera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxus Patera (page does not exist)">Oxus Patera</a><sup id="cite_ref-USGS6_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxus_Cavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxus Cavus (page does not exist)">Oxus Cavus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-USGS7_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS7-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> represent <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">calderas</a> formed by <a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">massive explosive volcanic eruptions</a><sup id="cite_ref-Witze2006_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witze2006-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (supervolcanoes)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Late <a href="/wiki/Noachian" title="Noachian">Noachian</a> to Early <a href="/wiki/Hesperian" title="Hesperian">Hesperian</a> age.<sup id="cite_ref-Michalski2013_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michalski2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Termed "plains-style caldera complexes", these very low relief volcanic features appear to be older than the large Hesperian-age shield volcanoes of <a href="/wiki/Tharsis" title="Tharsis">Tharsis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Elysium_(volcanic_province)" title="Elysium (volcanic province)">Elysium</a>. Eden Patera, for example, is an irregular, 55 by 85 km depression up to 1.8 km deep, surrounded by ridged <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basaltic</a> plains. It contains three linked interior depressions, demarcated by arcuate scarps, that have terraces suggestive of <a href="/wiki/Lava_lake" title="Lava lake">lava lake</a> drainage and faults suggestive of collapse. The features indicative of impact origin that would be expected in an <a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">impact crater</a> of comparable diameter and depth are absent.<sup id="cite_ref-Michalski2013_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michalski2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The authors regard crustal thinning due to regional extension to be a more likely explanation for the origin of the volcanic activity than putative subduction.<sup id="cite_ref-Michalski2013_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michalski2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rapid ascent of magma through the thin crust and a consequent relative absence of degassing may explain the more explosive eruption style associated with these paterae relative to that of the shield volcanoes. The eruptions would have contributed to the layered deposits of Arabia Terra, which are among the fine-grained deposits widespread in the equatorial regions of Mars. Total eruptive volumes of at least 4,600–7,200 km<sup>3</sup> per caldera complex (over its history) were inferred.<sup id="cite_ref-Michalski2013_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michalski2013-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_meteoroid_impact">Recent meteoroid impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recent meteoroid impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A meteorite impacted in Arabia Terra some time between 30 June 2002 and 5 October 2003. A single small crater of about 22.6 meters (about 74 feet) in diameter is surrounded by light and dark-toned ejecta – indicating that this impact excavated to a depth where light colored strata exists. The crater occurs near 20.6 degrees north latitude, 356.8 degrees west longitude, in Arabia Terra. Images of the area show how the impact site appeared to the Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System infrared instrument before and after the impact.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2011 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Martian_(Andy_Weir)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Martian (Andy Weir)">The Martian</a></i> by Andy Weir, the protagonist encounters a dust storm in Arabia Terra while traveling from <a href="/wiki/Acidalia_Planitia" title="Acidalia Planitia">Acidalia Planitia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_(Martian_crater)" title="Schiaparelli (Martian crater)">Schiaparelli crater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layers">Layers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Layers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tikhonravov_Basin_Streaks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tikhonravov_Basin_Streaks.JPG/260px-Tikhonravov_Basin_Streaks.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tikhonravov_Basin_Streaks.JPG/390px-Tikhonravov_Basin_Streaks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tikhonravov_Basin_Streaks.JPG/520px-Tikhonravov_Basin_Streaks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Tikhonravov Basin streaks, as seen by HiRISE. Scale bar is 500 m (1,600 ft) long</figcaption></figure><p> Many places on Mars show rocks arranged in layers. Rock can form layers in a variety of ways. Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Layers may be formed by groundwater rising up depositing minerals and cementing sediments. The hardened layers are consequently more protected from erosion. This process may occur instead of layers forming under lakes. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Groundwater_on_Mars#Layered_terrain" title="Groundwater on Mars">Groundwater on Mars § Layered terrain</a></div> <p>A detailed discussion of layering with many Martian examples can be found in Sedimentary Geology of Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Channels">Channels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many places on Mars show channels of different sizes. Many of these channels probably carried water, at least for a time. One study that used <a href="/wiki/HiRISE" title="HiRISE">HiRISE</a> pictures found over 17,000 km of ancient river valleys in Arabia Terra.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many ancient river valleys have been determined to be relatively recent, according to research published in 2016 in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. These valleys carried water into lake basins. One lake, nicknamed "Heart Lake," had a volume similar to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ontario" title="Lake Ontario">Lake Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The climate of Mars may have been such in the past that water ran on its surface. It has been known for some time that Mars undergoes many large changes in its tilt or obliquity because its two small moons lack the gravity to stabilize it, as the Moon stabilizes Earth; at times the tilt has even been greater than 80 degrees<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upper_Plains_Unit">Upper Plains Unit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Upper Plains Unit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ESP_044229_2235pyramids.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ESP_044229_2235pyramids.jpg/260px-ESP_044229_2235pyramids.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="485" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ESP_044229_2235pyramids.jpg/390px-ESP_044229_2235pyramids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ESP_044229_2235pyramids.jpg/520px-ESP_044229_2235pyramids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3819" /></a><figcaption>Wide view of dipping layers, upper plains unit, and brain terrain, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program</figcaption></figure> <p>Parts of northern Arabia Terra contains the upper plains unit. The <a href="/wiki/Upper_Plains_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Plains Unit">Upper Plains Unit</a> is the remnants of a 50–100 meter thick mantling in the mid-latitudes. It was first investigated in the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronilus_Mensae" title="Deuteronilus Mensae">Deuteronilus Mensae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ismenius_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Ismenius Lacus quadrangle">Ismenius Lacus quadrangle</a>) region, but it occurs in other places as well. The remnants consist of sets of dipping layers in craters and along mesas.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some regions of the upper plains unit display large fractures and troughs with raised rims; such regions are called ribbed upper plains. Fractures are believed to have started with small cracks from stresses. Stress is suggested to initiate the fracture process since ribbed upper plains are common when debris aprons come together or near the edge of debris aprons—such sites would generate compressional stresses. Cracks exposed more surfaces, and consequently more ice in the material sublimates into the planet's thin atmosphere. Eventually, small cracks become large canyons or troughs. </p><p>This unit also degrades into <a href="/wiki/Brain_terrain" title="Brain terrain">brain terrain</a>. Brain terrain is a region of maze-like ridges 3–5 meters high. Some ridges may consist of an ice core, so they may be sources of water for future colonists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linear_ridge_networks">Linear ridge networks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Linear ridge networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Linear_ridge_networks" title="Linear ridge networks">Linear ridge networks</a> are found in various places on Mars in and around craters.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ridges often appear as mostly straight segments that intersect in a lattice-like manner. They are hundreds of meters long, tens of meters high, and several meters wide. It is thought that impacts created fractures in the surface, these fractures later acted as channels for fluids. Fluids cemented the structures. With the passage of time, surrounding material was eroded away, thereby leaving hard ridges behind. Since the ridges occur in locations with clay, these formations could serve as a marker for clay which requires water for its formation.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water here could have supported past life in these locations. Clay may also preserve fossils or other traces of past life. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ESP_036316_2015straightridges.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Linear ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Dark line is not part of the picture. Data was not gathered for that area."><img alt="Linear ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Dark line is not part of the picture. Data was not gathered for that area." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ESP_036316_2015straightridges.jpg/190px-ESP_036316_2015straightridges.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ESP_036316_2015straightridges.jpg/285px-ESP_036316_2015straightridges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/ESP_036316_2015straightridges.jpg/380px-ESP_036316_2015straightridges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1906" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Linear ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Dark line is not part of the picture. Data was not gathered for that area.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:36316_2015ridges.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enlargement of previous image of linear ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program"><img alt="Enlargement of previous image of linear ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/36316_2015ridges.jpg/190px-36316_2015ridges.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/36316_2015ridges.jpg/285px-36316_2015ridges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/36316_2015ridges.jpg/380px-36316_2015ridges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="930" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Enlargement of previous image of linear ridge network, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meridianicropped.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Annotated elevation map of Opportunity landing site and some surrounding craters including Endeavour and Miyamato"><img alt="Annotated elevation map of Opportunity landing site and some surrounding craters including Endeavour and Miyamato" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Meridianicropped.png/190px-Meridianicropped.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Meridianicropped.png/285px-Meridianicropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Meridianicropped.png/380px-Meridianicropped.png 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Annotated elevation map of <i>Opportunity</i> landing site and some surrounding craters including Endeavour and Miyamato</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ArabiaTerraOblique.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An oblique view of Arabia Terra produced by Mars Global Surveyor"><img alt="An oblique view of Arabia Terra produced by Mars Global Surveyor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/ArabiaTerraOblique.jpg/190px-ArabiaTerraOblique.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/ArabiaTerraOblique.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An oblique view of Arabia Terra produced by <i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasteur_Crater_Floor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasteur Crater floor, as seen by HiRISE. The scale bar is 1,000 m (3,300 ft) long"><img alt="Pasteur Crater floor, as seen by HiRISE. The scale bar is 1,000 m (3,300 ft) long" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pasteur_Crater_Floor.JPG/190px-Pasteur_Crater_Floor.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pasteur_Crater_Floor.JPG/285px-Pasteur_Crater_Floor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pasteur_Crater_Floor.JPG/380px-Pasteur_Crater_Floor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasteur Crater">Pasteur Crater</a> floor, as seen by <a href="/wiki/HiRISE" title="HiRISE">HiRISE</a>. The scale bar is 1,000 m (3,300 ft) long</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:45085_2205mantlethickness.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close view of mantle, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Arrows show craters along edge which highlight the thickness of mantle."><img alt="Close view of mantle, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Arrows show craters along edge which highlight the thickness of mantle." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/45085_2205mantlethickness.jpg/190px-45085_2205mantlethickness.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/45085_2205mantlethickness.jpg/285px-45085_2205mantlethickness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/45085_2205mantlethickness.jpg/380px-45085_2205mantlethickness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="930" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close view of mantle, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Arrows show craters along edge which highlight the thickness of mantle.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:45377_2170troughinsidetroughs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pits and troughs, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Pits may have formed from water/ice leaving the ground."><img alt="Pits and troughs, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Pits may have formed from water/ice leaving the ground." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/45377_2170troughinsidetroughs.jpg/190px-45377_2170troughinsidetroughs.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/45377_2170troughinsidetroughs.jpg/285px-45377_2170troughinsidetroughs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/45377_2170troughinsidetroughs.jpg/380px-45377_2170troughinsidetroughs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="929" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pits and troughs, as seen by HiRISE under HiWish program Pits may have formed from water/ice leaving the ground.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Map_of_quadrangles">Map of quadrangles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Map of quadrangles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For mapping purposes, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> divides the surface of Mars into thirty "<a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(geography)" title="Quadrangle (geography)">quadrangles</a>", each named for a prominent physiographic feature within that quadrangle.<sup id="cite_ref-mapping_mars_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapping_mars-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quadrangles can be seen and explored via the interactive image map below. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="center"><div class="noresize thumb tnone" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:622px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:382px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:0px; top:0px; width:620px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clickable image of the 30 cartographic quadrangles of Mars, defined by the USGS.[34][36] Quadrangle numbers (beginning with MC for "Mars Chart")[37] and names link to the corresponding articles. North is at the top; 0°N 180°W / 0°N 180°W / 0; -180 is at the far left on the equator. The map images were taken by the Mars Global Surveyor. ( view talk )"><img alt="Mars Quad Map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg/620px-MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg" decoding="async" width="620" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg/930px-MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg/1240px-MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1288" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold; line-height:110%;"> <div id="annotation_0x189" style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:189px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FF0000;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arabia_Terra&params=0_N_180_W_globe:Mars"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°N</span> <span class="longitude">180°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0°N 180°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0; -180</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></div> <div id="annotation_287x189" style="position:absolute; left:287px; top:189px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FF0000;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arabia_Terra&params=0_N_0_W_globe:Mars"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°N</span> <span class="longitude">0°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0°N -0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0; -0</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></div> <div id="annotation_284x63" style="position:absolute; left:284px; top:63px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FF0000;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arabia_Terra&params=90_N_0_W_globe:Mars"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">90°N</span> <span class="longitude">0°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">90°N -0°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">90; -0</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></div> <div id="annotation_288x17" style="position:absolute; left:288px; top:17px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Boreum_quadrangle" title="Mare Boreum quadrangle">MC-01</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_276x30" style="position:absolute; left:276px; top:30px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Boreum_quadrangle" title="Mare Boreum quadrangle">Mare Boreum</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_57x92" style="position:absolute; left:57px; top:92px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Diacria_quadrangle" title="Diacria quadrangle">MC-02</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_57x105" style="position:absolute; left:57px; top:105px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Diacria_quadrangle" title="Diacria quadrangle">Diacria</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_150x92" style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:92px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_quadrangle" title="Arcadia quadrangle">MC-03</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_148x105" style="position:absolute; left:148px; top:105px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_quadrangle" title="Arcadia quadrangle">Arcadia</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_243x92" style="position:absolute; left:243px; top:92px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Acidalium_quadrangle" title="Mare Acidalium quadrangle">MC-04</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_226x105" style="position:absolute; left:226px; top:105px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Acidalium_quadrangle" title="Mare Acidalium quadrangle">Mare Acidalium</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_336x92" style="position:absolute; left:336px; top:92px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ismenius_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Ismenius Lacus quadrangle">MC-05</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_319x105" style="position:absolute; left:319px; top:105px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ismenius_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Ismenius Lacus quadrangle">Ismenius Lacus</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_429x92" style="position:absolute; left:429px; top:92px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Casius_quadrangle" title="Casius quadrangle">MC-06</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_429x105" style="position:absolute; left:429px; top:105px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Casius_quadrangle" title="Casius quadrangle">Casius</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_522x92" style="position:absolute; left:522px; top:92px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cebrenia_quadrangle" title="Cebrenia quadrangle">MC-07</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_518x105" style="position:absolute; left:518px; top:105px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cebrenia_quadrangle" title="Cebrenia quadrangle">Cebrenia</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_60x156" style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Amazonis_quadrangle" title="Amazonis quadrangle">MC-08</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_55x169" style="position:absolute; left:55px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Amazonis_quadrangle" title="Amazonis quadrangle">Amazonis</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_126x156" style="position:absolute; left:126px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tharsis_quadrangle" title="Tharsis quadrangle">MC-09</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_125x169" style="position:absolute; left:125px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tharsis_quadrangle" title="Tharsis quadrangle">Tharsis</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_191x156" style="position:absolute; left:191px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Lunae_Palus_quadrangle" title="Lunae Palus quadrangle">MC-10</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_181x169" style="position:absolute; left:181px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Lunae_Palus_quadrangle" title="Lunae Palus quadrangle">Lunae Palus</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_258x156" style="position:absolute; left:258px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Oxia_Palus_quadrangle" title="Oxia Palus quadrangle">MC-11</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_249x169" style="position:absolute; left:249px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Oxia_Palus_quadrangle" title="Oxia Palus quadrangle">Oxia Palus</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_323x156" style="position:absolute; left:323px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Arabia_quadrangle" title="Arabia quadrangle">MC-12</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_323x169" style="position:absolute; left:323px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Arabia_quadrangle" title="Arabia quadrangle">Arabia</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_389x156" style="position:absolute; left:389px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Syrtis_Major_quadrangle" title="Syrtis Major quadrangle">MC-13</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_378x169" style="position:absolute; left:378px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Syrtis_Major_quadrangle" title="Syrtis Major quadrangle">Syrtis Major</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_454x156" style="position:absolute; left:454px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Amenthes_quadrangle" title="Amenthes quadrangle">MC-14</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_448x169" style="position:absolute; left:448px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Amenthes_quadrangle" title="Amenthes quadrangle">Amenthes</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_520x156" style="position:absolute; left:520px; top:156px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Elysium_quadrangle" title="Elysium quadrangle">MC-15</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_518x169" style="position:absolute; left:518px; top:169px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Elysium_quadrangle" title="Elysium quadrangle">Elysium</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_60x202" style="position:absolute; left:60px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Memnonia_quadrangle" title="Memnonia quadrangle">MC-16</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_54x215" style="position:absolute; left:54px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Memnonia_quadrangle" title="Memnonia quadrangle">Memnonia</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_126x202" style="position:absolute; left:126px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenicis_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle">MC-17</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_120x215" style="position:absolute; left:120px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenicis_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle">Phoenicis</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_191x202" style="position:absolute; left:191px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coprates_quadrangle" title="Coprates quadrangle">MC-18</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_187x215" style="position:absolute; left:187px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coprates_quadrangle" title="Coprates quadrangle">Coprates</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_258x202" style="position:absolute; left:258px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Margaritifer_Sinus_quadrangle" title="Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle">MC-19</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_248x215" style="position:absolute; left:248px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Margaritifer_Sinus_quadrangle" title="Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle">Margaritifer</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_323x202" style="position:absolute; left:323px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Sabaeus_quadrangle" title="Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle">MC-20</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_319x215" style="position:absolute; left:319px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Sabaeus_quadrangle" title="Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle">Sabaeus</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_389x202" style="position:absolute; left:389px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Iapygia_quadrangle" title="Iapygia quadrangle">MC-21</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_389x215" style="position:absolute; left:389px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Iapygia_quadrangle" title="Iapygia quadrangle">Iapygia</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_454x202" style="position:absolute; left:454px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Tyrrhenum_quadrangle" title="Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle">MC-22</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_447x215" style="position:absolute; left:447px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Tyrrhenum_quadrangle" title="Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle">Tyrrhenum</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_520x202" style="position:absolute; left:520px; top:202px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Aeolis_quadrangle" title="Aeolis quadrangle">MC-23</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_522x215" style="position:absolute; left:522px; top:215px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Aeolis_quadrangle" title="Aeolis quadrangle">Aeolis</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_57x253" style="position:absolute; left:57px; top:253px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Phaethontis_quadrangle" title="Phaethontis quadrangle">MC-24</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_48x266" style="position:absolute; left:48px; top:266px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Phaethontis_quadrangle" title="Phaethontis quadrangle">Phaethontis</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_150x253" style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:253px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Thaumasia_quadrangle" title="Thaumasia quadrangle">MC-25</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_142x266" style="position:absolute; left:142px; top:266px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Thaumasia_quadrangle" title="Thaumasia quadrangle">Thaumasia</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_243x253" style="position:absolute; left:243px; top:253px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Argyre_quadrangle" title="Argyre quadrangle">MC-26</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_243x266" style="position:absolute; left:243px; top:266px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Argyre_quadrangle" title="Argyre quadrangle">Argyre</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_336x253" style="position:absolute; left:336px; top:253px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Noachis_quadrangle" title="Noachis quadrangle">MC-27</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_334x266" style="position:absolute; left:334px; top:266px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Noachis_quadrangle" title="Noachis quadrangle">Noachis</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_429x253" style="position:absolute; left:429px; top:253px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Hellas_quadrangle" title="Hellas quadrangle">MC-28</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_430x266" style="position:absolute; left:430px; top:266px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Hellas_quadrangle" title="Hellas quadrangle">Hellas</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_522x253" style="position:absolute; left:522px; top:253px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Eridania_quadrangle" title="Eridania quadrangle">MC-29</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_519x266" style="position:absolute; left:519px; top:266px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Eridania_quadrangle" title="Eridania quadrangle">Eridania</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_289x326" style="position:absolute; left:289px; top:326px; font-size:9px; font-size:9; line-height:11px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFF00;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Australe_quadrangle" title="Mare Australe quadrangle">MC-30</a></span></div> <div id="annotation_276x339" style="position:absolute; left:276px; top:339px; font-size:8px; font-size:8; line-height:10px;"><span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border:#151B8D 1px solid;padding:0 4px; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mare_Australe_quadrangle" title="Mare Australe quadrangle">Mare Australe</a></span></div> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mars Quad Map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg/620px-MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg" decoding="async" width="620" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg/930px-MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg/1240px-MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1288" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:MGS_MOC_Wide_Angle_Map_of_Mars_PIA03467.jpg" title="File:MGS MOC Wide Angle Map of Mars PIA03467.jpg"> </a></div><span style="margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="The image above contains clickable links"><img alt="The image above contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/27px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/36px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/Clickable" class="mw-redirect" title="Clickable">Clickable image</a> of the 30 cartographic <a href="/wiki/List_of_quadrangles_on_Mars" title="List of quadrangles on Mars">quadrangles</a> of Mars, defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mapping_mars_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mapping_mars-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quadrangle numbers (beginning with MC for "Mars Chart")<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and names link to the corresponding articles. North is at the top; <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arabia_Terra&params=0_N_180_W_globe:Mars"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°N</span> <span class="longitude">180°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0°N 180°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">0; -180</span></span></span></a></span></span> is at the far left on the <a href="/wiki/Mars#Geography" title="Mars">equator</a>. The map images were taken by the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a>. <div style="float: right;">(<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars_Quads_-_By_Name" title="Template talk:Mars Quads - By Name"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li></ul></div>)</div></div> </div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Mars" title="Climate of Mars">Climate of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Mars">Geography of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Mars" title="Geology of Mars">Geology of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_crater" title="Impact crater">Impact crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_craters_on_Mars" title="List of craters on Mars">List of craters on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quadrangles_on_Mars" title="List of quadrangles on Mars">List of quadrangles on Mars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabia_Terra&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Mars" title="Template:Geography of Mars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Mars" title="Template talk:Geography of Mars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Mars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Mars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_and_geology_of_Mars136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Areography_(geography_of_Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Areography (geography of Mars)">Geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Mars" title="Geology of Mars">geology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cartography136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cartography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalos_Undae" title="Abalos Undae">Abalos Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspledon_Undae" title="Aspledon Undae">Aspledon Undae</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arabia Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(Mars)" title="Cerberus (Mars)">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)" title="Cydonia (Mars)">Cydonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridania_Lake" title="Eridania Lake">Eridania Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperboreae_Undae" title="Hyperboreae Undae">Hyperboreae Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogygis_Undae" title="Ogygis Undae">Ogygis Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Undae" title="Olympia Undae">Olympia Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Australe" title="Planum Australe">Planum Australe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Boreum" title="Planum Boreum">Planum Boreum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quadrangles_on_Mars" title="List of quadrangles on Mars">Quadrangles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Meridiani" title="Sinus Meridiani">Sinus Meridiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siton_Undae" title="Siton Undae">Siton Undae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempe_Terra" title="Tempe Terra">Tempe Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Cimmeria" title="Terra Cimmeria">Terra Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Sabaea" title="Terra Sabaea">Terra Sabaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis" title="Tharsis">Tharsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastitas_Borealis" title="Vastitas Borealis">Vastitas Borealis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_quadrangles_on_Mars" title="List of quadrangles on Mars">Quadrangles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis_quadrangle" title="Aeolis quadrangle">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonis_quadrangle" title="Amazonis quadrangle">Amazonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenthes_quadrangle" title="Amenthes quadrangle">Amenthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabia_quadrangle" title="Arabia quadrangle">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_quadrangle" title="Arcadia quadrangle">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyre_quadrangle" title="Argyre quadrangle">Argyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casius_quadrangle" title="Casius quadrangle">Casius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebrenia_quadrangle" title="Cebrenia quadrangle">Cebrenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coprates_quadrangle" title="Coprates quadrangle">Coprates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacria_quadrangle" title="Diacria quadrangle">Diacria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysium_quadrangle" title="Elysium quadrangle">Elysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridania_quadrangle" title="Eridania quadrangle">Eridania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_quadrangle" title="Hellas quadrangle">Hellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapygia_quadrangle" title="Iapygia quadrangle">Iapygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenius_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Ismenius Lacus quadrangle">Ismenius Lacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunae_Palus_quadrangle" title="Lunae Palus quadrangle">Lunae Palus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Acidalium_quadrangle" title="Mare Acidalium quadrangle">Mare Acidalium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Australe_quadrangle" title="Mare Australe quadrangle">Mare Australe (South Pole)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Boreum_quadrangle" title="Mare Boreum quadrangle">Mare Boreum (North Pole)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Tyrrhenum_quadrangle" title="Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle">Mare Tyrrhenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaritifer_Sinus_quadrangle" title="Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle">Margaritifer Sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnonia_quadrangle" title="Memnonia quadrangle">Memnonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noachis_quadrangle" title="Noachis quadrangle">Noachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxia_Palus_quadrangle" title="Oxia Palus quadrangle">Oxia Palus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethontis_quadrangle" title="Phaethontis quadrangle">Phaethontis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicis_Lacus_quadrangle" title="Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle">Phoenicis Lacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_Sabaeus_quadrangle" title="Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle">Sinus Sabaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrtis_Major_quadrangle" title="Syrtis Major quadrangle">Syrtis Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis_quadrangle" title="Tharsis quadrangle">Tharsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumasia_quadrangle" title="Thaumasia quadrangle">Thaumasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geology136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Mars" title="Geology of Mars">Geology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_surface_features_of_Mars" title="Common surface features of Mars">Surface<br />features</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_terrain" title="Brain terrain">Brain terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonates_on_Mars" title="Carbonates on Mars">Carbonates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_chaos_terrain" title="Martian chaos terrain">Chaos terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_surface_color" title="Mars surface color">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composition_of_Mars" title="Composition of Mars">Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_crater_fill" title="Concentric crater fill">Concentric crater fill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_slope_streak" title="Dark slope streak">Dark slope streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_dichotomy" title="Martian dichotomy">Dichotomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_dune_fields#Mars" title="List of extraterrestrial dune fields">Dune fields</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hagal_dune_field" title="Hagal dune field">Hagal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nili_Patera_dune_field" title="Nili Patera dune field">Nili Patera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretted_terrain" title="Fretted terrain">Fretted terrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geysers_on_Mars" title="Geysers on Mars">Geysers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaciers_on_Mars" title="Glaciers on Mars">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater_on_Mars" title="Groundwater on Mars">Groundwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullies_on_Mars" title="Gullies on Mars">Gullies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_relief" title="Inverted relief">Inverted relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_on_Mars" title="Lakes on Mars">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_lava_tube" title="Martian lava tube">Lava tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineated_valley_fill" title="Lineated valley fill">Lineated valley fill</a> (LVF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobate_debris_apron" title="Lobate debris apron">Lobate debris apron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Polar_Basin_(Mars)" title="North Polar Basin (Mars)">North Polar Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_ocean_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars ocean hypothesis">Ocean hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_resources_on_Mars" title="Ore resources on Mars">Ore resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outflow_channels" title="Outflow channels">Outflow channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_polar_ice_caps" title="Martian polar ice caps">Polar caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_mold_crater" title="Ring mold crater">Ring mold craters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootless_cone" title="Rootless cone">Rootless cones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalloped_topography" title="Scalloped topography">Scalloped topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_flows_on_warm_Martian_slopes" title="Seasonal flows on warm Martian slopes">Seasonal flows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian soil">Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_spherules" title="Martian spherules">Spherules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_surface" title="Martian surface">Surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cheese_features" title="Swiss cheese features">Swiss cheese features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrain_softening" title="Terrain softening">Terrain softening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholus" title="Tholus">Tholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_plains_unit" title="Upper plains unit">Upper plains unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_network_(Mars)" title="Valley network (Mars)">Valley networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_discoveries_of_water_on_Mars" title="Chronology of discoveries of water on Mars">discovery chronology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardangs_on_Mars" title="Yardangs on Mars">Yardangs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Mars" title="Geological history of Mars">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_(Mars)" title="Amazonian (Mars)">Amazonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperian" title="Hesperian">Hesperian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noachian" title="Noachian">Noachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_on_Mars" title="Volcanism on Mars">Volcanology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mars_observation" title="History of Mars observation">Observation history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martian_canals" title="Martian canals">Canals</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Martian_canals" title="List of Martian canals">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_albedo_features_on_Mars" title="Classical albedo features on Mars">Classical albedo features</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">Rocks<br />observed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Inlet_(rock)" title="Bathurst Inlet (rock)">Bathurst Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N165" title="N165">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulburn_(Mars)" title="Goulburn (Mars)">Goulburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hottah_(Mars)" title="Hottah (Mars)">Hottah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Matijevic_(rock)" title="Jake Matijevic (rock)">Jake Matijevic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(Mars)" title="Link (Mars)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocknest_(Mars)" title="Rocknest (Mars)">Rocknest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocknest_3" title="Rocknest 3">Rocknest 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintina_(rock)" title="Tintina (rock)">Tintina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bounce_Rock" title="Bounce Rock">Bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(Mars)" title="El Capitan (Mars)">El Capitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Chance_(Mars)" title="Last Chance (Mars)">Last Chance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnacle_Bill_(Martian_rock)" title="Barnacle Bill (Martian rock)">Barnacle Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Rock" title="Yogi Rock">Yogi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_(Mars)" title="Adirondack (Mars)">Adirondack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Plate_(Mars)" title="Home Plate (Mars)">Home Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)#Mimi_rock_.28Sol_40.29" title="Spirit (rover)">Mimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_of_Gold_(Mars)" title="Pot of Gold (Mars)">Pot of Gold</a></li></ul></li> <li>Viking <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunae_Palus_quadrangle#Results_From_Viking_I_Mission" title="Lunae Palus quadrangle">Big Joe</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)#.22Face_on_Mars.22" title="Cydonia (Mars)">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_monolith" title="Mars monolith">Monolith</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rocks_on_Mars" title="List of rocks on Mars">Meteorites found on Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Block_Island_meteorite" title="Block Island meteorite">Block Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Shield_Rock" title="Heat Shield Rock">Heat Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island_meteorite" title="Mackinac Island meteorite">Mackinac Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Shield_Rock" title="Heat Shield Rock">Meridiani Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oile%C3%A1n_Ruaidh_(Mars_rock)" title="Oileán Ruaidh (Mars rock)">Oileán Ruaidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelter_Island_meteorite" title="Shelter Island meteorite">Shelter Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite" title="Martian meteorite">Martian meteorites found on Earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">Balsaltic Breccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite#Chassignites" title="Martian meteorite">Chassignites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhlite" title="Nakhlite">Nakhlites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite#Shergottites" title="Martian meteorite">Shergottites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_meteorite#Ungrouped_meteorites" title="Martian meteorite">Other</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Martian_meteorites" title="List of Martian meteorites">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topography136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_on_Mars" title="List of mountains on Mars">Mountains</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_on_Mars" title="Volcanism on Mars">volcanoes</a><br /><div style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_on_Mars_by_height" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains on Mars by height">list by height</a>)</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acidalia_Colles" title="Acidalia Colles">Acidalia Colles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Mons" title="Alba Mons">Alba Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anseris_Mons" title="Anseris Mons">Anseris Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollinaris_Mons" title="Apollinaris Mons">Apollinaris Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariadnes_Colles" title="Ariadnes Colles">Ariadnes Colles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astapus_Colles" title="Astapus Colles">Astapus Colles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausonia_Montes" title="Ausonia Montes">Ausonia Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avernus_Colles" title="Avernus Colles">Avernus Colles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblis_Tholus" title="Biblis Tholus">Biblis Tholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centauri_Montes" title="Centauri Montes">Centauri Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charitum_Montes" title="Charitum Montes">Charitum Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echus_Montes" title="Echus Montes">Echus Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysium_(volcanic_province)" title="Elysium (volcanic province)">Elysium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elysium_Mons" title="Elysium Mons">Elysium Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albor_Tholus" title="Albor Tholus">Albor Tholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecates_Tholus" title="Hecates Tholus">Hecates Tholus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus_Montes" title="Erebus Montes">Erebus Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxius_Mons" title="Galaxius Mons">Galaxius Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadriacus_Mons" title="Hadriacus Mons">Hadriacus Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_Montes" title="Hellas Montes">Hellas Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovis_Tholus" title="Jovis Tholus">Jovis Tholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_Montes" title="Libya Montes">Libya Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sharp" title="Mount Sharp">Mount Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereidum_Montes" title="Nereidum Montes">Nereidum Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Mons" title="Olympus Mons">Olympus Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegra_Montes" title="Phlegra Montes">Phlegra Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrtis_Major_Planum" title="Syrtis Major Planum">Syrtis Major Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus_Colles" title="Tartarus Colles">Tartarus Colles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus_Montes" title="Tartarus Montes">Tartarus Montes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis_Montes" title="Tharsis Montes">Tharsis Montes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascraeus_Mons" title="Ascraeus Mons">Ascraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavonis_Mons" title="Pavonis Mons">Pavonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsia_Mons" title="Arsia Mons">Arsia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharsis_Tholus" title="Tharsis Tholus">Tharsis Tholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenus_Mons" title="Tyrrhenus Mons">Tyrrhenus Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_Tholus" title="Ulysses Tholus">Ulysses Tholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranius_group_of_volcanoes" title="Uranius group of volcanoes">Uranius group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranius_Mons" title="Uranius Mons">Uranius Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceraunius_Tholus" title="Ceraunius Tholus">Ceraunius Tholus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranius_Tholus" title="Uranius Tholus">Uranius Tholus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_plains_on_Mars" title="List of plains on Mars">Plains,<br />plateaus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acidalia_Planitia" title="Acidalia Planitia">Acidalia Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis_Palus" title="Aeolis Palus">Aeolis Palus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonis_Planitia" title="Amazonis Planitia">Amazonis Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Planitia" title="Arcadia Planitia">Arcadia Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentea_Planum" title="Argentea Planum">Argentea Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyre_Planitia" title="Argyre Planitia">Argyre Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryse_Planitia" title="Chryse Planitia">Chryse Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalia_Planum" title="Daedalia Planum">Daedalia Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysium_Planitia" title="Elysium Planitia">Elysium Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridania_Planitia" title="Eridania Planitia">Eridania Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_Planitia" title="Hellas Planitia">Hellas Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperia_Planum" title="Hesperia Planum">Hesperia Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icaria_Planum" title="Icaria Planum">Icaria Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidis_Planitia" title="Isidis Planitia">Isidis Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunae_Palus_quadrangle" title="Lunae Palus quadrangle">Lunae Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridiani_Planum" title="Meridiani Planum">Meridiani Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxia_Planum" title="Oxia Planum">Oxia Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Australe" title="Planum Australe">Planum Australe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planum_Boreum" title="Planum Boreum">Planum Boreum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Planum" title="Syria Planum">Syria Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrtis_Major_Planum" title="Syrtis Major Planum">Syrtis Major Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia_Planitia" title="Utopia Planitia">Utopia Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Patera" title="Eden Patera">Eden Patera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcus_Patera" title="Orcus Patera">Orcus Patera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus_Patera" title="Peneus Patera">Peneus Patera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityusa_Patera" title="Pityusa Patera">Pityusa Patera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloe_Patera" title="Siloe Patera">Siloe Patera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chasma#Mars" title="Chasma">Canyons</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Vallis_(planetary_geology)" title="Vallis (planetary geology)">valleys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aram_Chaos" title="Aram Chaos">Aram Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsia_Chasmata" title="Arsia Chasmata">Arsia Chasmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatum_Chaos" title="Aromatum Chaos">Aromatum Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_Chaos" title="Atlantis Chaos">Atlantis Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureum_Chaos" title="Aureum Chaos">Aureum Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candor_Chasma" title="Candor Chasma">Candor Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasma_Boreale" title="Chasma Boreale">Chasma Boreale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coprates_Chasma" title="Coprates Chasma">Coprates Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echus_Chasma" title="Echus Chasma">Echus Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos_Chaos" title="Eos Chaos">Eos Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos_Chasma" title="Eos Chasma">Eos Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxias_Chaos" title="Galaxias Chaos">Galaxias Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Chasma" title="Ganges Chasma">Ganges Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgonum_Chaos" title="Gorgonum Chaos">Gorgonum Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebes_Chasma" title="Hebes Chasma">Hebes Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydaspis_Chaos" title="Hydaspis Chaos">Hydaspis Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraotes_Chaos" title="Hydraotes Chaos">Hydraotes Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iani_Chaos" title="Iani Chaos">Iani Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ister_Chaos" title="Ister Chaos">Ister Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ius_Chasma" title="Ius Chasma">Ius Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juventae_Chasma" title="Juventae Chasma">Juventae Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melas_Chasma" title="Melas Chasma">Melas Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir_Chasma" title="Ophir Chasma">Ophir Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonium_Chasma" title="Tithonium Chasma">Tithonium Chasma</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valles_on_Mars" title="List of valles on Mars">List of valles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsus_Vallis" title="Apsus Vallis">Apsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_Vallis" title="Ares Vallis">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnus_Vallis" title="Arnus Vallis">Arnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus_Vallis" title="Asopus Vallis">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athabasca_Valles" title="Athabasca Valles">Athabasca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auqakuh_Vallis" title="Auqakuh Vallis">Auqakuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Vallis" title="Bahram Vallis">Bahram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buvinda_Vallis" title="Buvinda Vallis">Buvinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_Vallis" title="Dao Vallis">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_Vallis" title="Enipeus Vallis">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frento_Vallis" title="Frento Vallis">Frento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granicus_Valles" title="Granicus Valles">Granicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Valley_(Mars)" title="Green Valley (Mars)">Green Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmakhis_Vallis" title="Harmakhis Vallis">Harmakhis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrus_Valles" title="Hebrus Valles">Hebrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Desher_Vallis" title="Her Desher Vallis">Her Desher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrad_Vallis" title="Hrad Vallis">Hrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Hsing_Vallis" title="Huo Hsing Vallis">Huo Hsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypanis_Valles" title="Hypanis Valles">Hypanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberus_Vallis" title="Iberus Vallis">Iberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Vallis" title="Indus Vallis">Indus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ituxi_Vallis" title="Ituxi Vallis">Ituxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasei_Valles" title="Kasei Valles">Kasei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labou_Vallis" title="Labou Vallis">Labou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladon_Valles" title="Ladon Valles">Ladon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_Vallis" title="Lethe Vallis">Lethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licus_Vallis" title="Licus Vallis">Licus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louros_Valles" title="Louros Valles">Louros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%CA%BCadim_Vallis" title="Maʼadim Vallis">Maʼadim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Vallis" title="Mad Vallis">Mad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_Valles" title="Maja Valles">Maja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamers_Valles" title="Mamers Valles">Mamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangala_Valles" title="Mangala Valles">Mangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valles_Marineris" title="Valles Marineris">Marineris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labes_on_Mars" title="List of Labes on Mars">Labes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marte_Vallis" title="Marte Vallis">Marte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maumee_Valles" title="Maumee Valles">Maumee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawrth_Vallis" title="Mawrth Vallis">Mawrth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minio_Vallis" title="Minio Vallis">Minio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naktong_Vallis" title="Naktong Vallis">Naktong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanedi_Valles" title="Nanedi Valles">Nanedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_Vallis" title="Niger Vallis">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirgal_Vallis" title="Nirgal Vallis">Nirgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padus_Vallis" title="Padus Vallis">Padus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_Valles" title="Paraná Valles">Paraná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patapsco_Vallis" title="Patapsco Vallis">Patapsco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Vallis" title="Peace Vallis">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahway_Valles" title="Rahway Valles">Rahway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Vallis" title="Ravi Vallis">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reull_Vallis" title="Reull Vallis">Reull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabis_Vallis" title="Sabis Vallis">Sabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_Vallis" title="Sabrina Vallis">Sabrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_Valles" title="Samara Valles">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander_Vallis" title="Scamander Vallis">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalbatana_Vallis" title="Shalbatana Vallis">Shalbatana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simud_Valles" title="Simud Valles">Simud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stura_Vallis" title="Stura Vallis">Stura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tader_Valles" title="Tader Valles">Tader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinia_Valles" title="Tinia Valles">Tinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinjar_Valles" title="Tinjar Valles">Tinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiu_Valles" title="Tiu Valles">Tiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyras_Vallis" title="Tyras Vallis">Tyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzboi_Vallis" title="Uzboi Vallis">Uzboi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzboi-Landon-Morava" title="Uzboi-Landon-Morava">ULM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedra_Valles" title="Vedra Valles">Vedra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verde_Vallis" title="Verde Vallis">Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrego_Valles" title="Warrego Valles">Warrego</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(planetary_nomenclature)" title="Fossa (planetary nomenclature)">Fossae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mensa_(geology)" title="Mensa (geology)">mensae</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Rupes" title="Rupes">rupes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labyrinthi_(planetary_geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labyrinthi (planetary geology)">labyrinthi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenthes_Fossae" title="Amenthes Fossae">Amenthes Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceraunius_Fossae" title="Ceraunius Fossae">Ceraunius Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_Fossae" title="Cerberus Fossae">Cerberus Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coloe_Fossae" title="Coloe Fossae">Coloe Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyane_Fossae" title="Cyane Fossae">Cyane Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysium_Fossae" title="Elysium Fossae">Elysium Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus_Fossae" title="Hephaestus Fossae">Hephaestus Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icaria_Fossae" title="Icaria Fossae">Icaria Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeatis_Fossae" title="Labeatis Fossae">Labeatis Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangala_Fossa" title="Mangala Fossa">Mangala Fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mareotis_Fossae" title="Mareotis Fossae">Mareotis Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusae_Fossae_Formation" title="Medusae Fossae Formation">Medusae Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnonia_quadrangle#Fossa_on_Mars" title="Memnonia quadrangle">Memnonia Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nili_Fossae" title="Nili Fossae">Nili Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympica_Fossae" title="Olympica Fossae">Olympica Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oti_Fossae" title="Oti Fossae">Oti Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirenum_Fossae" title="Sirenum Fossae">Sirenum Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalus_Fossae" title="Tantalus Fossae">Tantalus Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempe_Fossae" title="Tempe Fossae">Tempe Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonium_Chasma" title="Tithonium Chasma">Tithonium Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractus_Fossae" title="Tractus Fossae">Tractus Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_Fossae" title="Ulysses Fossae">Ulysses Fossae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis_Mensae" title="Aeolis Mensae">Aeolis Mensae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausonia_Mensa" title="Ausonia Mensa">Ausonia Mensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_Mensa" title="Capri Mensa">Capri Mensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)" title="Cydonia (Mars)">Cydonia Mensae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronilus_Mensae" title="Deuteronilus Mensae">Deuteronilus Mensae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Mensa" title="Ganges Mensa">Ganges Mensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilosyrtis_Mensae" title="Nilosyrtis Mensae">Nilosyrtis Mensae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protonilus_Mensae" title="Protonilus Mensae">Protonilus Mensae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Mensa" title="Sacra Mensa">Sacra Mensa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claritas_Rupes" title="Claritas Rupes">Claritas Rupes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilokeras_Scopulus" title="Nilokeras Scopulus">Nilokeras Scopulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Rupes" title="Olympus Rupes">Olympus Rupes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupes_Tenuis" title="Rupes Tenuis">Rupes Tenuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angustus_Labyrinthus" title="Angustus Labyrinthus">Angustus Labyrinthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noctis_Labyrinthus" title="Noctis Labyrinthus">Noctis Labyrinthus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crater_chain" title="Crater chain">Catenae</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_craters_on_Mars" title="List of craters on Mars">craters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artynia_Catena" class="mw-redirect" title="Artynia Catena">Artynia Catena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonium_Chasma" title="Tithonium Chasma">Tithoniae Catenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractus_Catena" title="Tractus Catena">Tractus Catena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adams (Martian crater)">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agassiz_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agassiz (crater)">Agassiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airy_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Airy (Martian crater)">Airy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airy-0" title="Airy-0">Airy-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniak_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniak (crater)">Aniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoniadi_(Martian_crater)" title="Antoniadi (Martian crater)">Antoniadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arandas_(crater)" title="Arandas (crater)">Arandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argo (crater)">Argo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsky_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkhangelsky (crater)">Arkhangelsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrhenius_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrhenius (Martian crater)">Arrhenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimov_(crater)" title="Asimov (crater)">Asimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacolor_(crater)" title="Bacolor (crater)">Bacolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhuysen_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakhuysen (crater)">Bakhuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldet_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldet (Martian crater)">Baldet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltisk_(crater)" title="Baltisk (crater)">Baltisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_(crater)" title="Bamberg (crater)">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabashov_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barabashov (crater)">Barabashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnard (Martian crater)">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_(crater)" title="Beagle (crater)">Beagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel_(Martian_crater)" title="Becquerel (Martian crater)">Becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_(Martian_crater)" title="Beer (Martian crater)">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belz_(crater)" title="Belz (crater)">Belz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_(crater)" title="Bernard (crater)">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianchini_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bianchini (Martian crater)">Bianchini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeddicker_(crater)" title="Boeddicker (crater)">Boeddicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bok_(Martian_crater)" title="Bok (Martian crater)">Bok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bond (crater)">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonestell_(crater)" title="Bonestell (crater)">Bonestell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_(crater)" title="Bonneville (crater)">Bonneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brashear_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brashear (Martian crater)">Brashear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briault_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Briault (crater)">Briault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burroughs_(crater)" title="Burroughs (crater)">Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_(crater)" title="Burton (crater)">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell (Martian crater)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canso_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canso (Martian crater)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini_(Martian_crater)" title="Cassini (Martian crater)">Cassini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caxias_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caxias (crater)">Caxias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerulli_(crater)" title="Cerulli (crater)">Cerulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafe_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chafe (crater)">Chafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapais_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapais (crater)">Chapais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chincoteague_(crater)" title="Chincoteague (crater)">Chincoteague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryse_Alien" title="Chryse Alien">Chryse Alien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark (Martian crater)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coblentz_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coblentz (Martian crater)">Coblentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(crater)" title="Columbus (crater)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_(Martian_crater)" title="Copernicus (Martian crater)">Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corby_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corby (crater)">Corby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crewe_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crewe (crater)">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crivitz_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crivitz (crater)">Crivitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crommelin_(Martian_crater)" title="Crommelin (Martian crater)">Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruls_(crater)" title="Cruls (crater)">Cruls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curie_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Curie (Martian crater)">Curie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_Vinci_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Da Vinci (Martian crater)">Da Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielson_(crater)" title="Danielson (crater)">Danielson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwin (Martian crater)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davies_(crater)" title="Davies (crater)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_(Martian_crater)" title="Dawes (Martian crater)">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejnev_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dejnev (Martian crater)">Dejnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denning_(Martian_crater)" title="Denning (Martian crater)">Denning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilly_(crater)" title="Dilly (crater)">Dilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinorwic_(crater)" title="Dinorwic (crater)">Dinorwic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglass_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglass (Martian crater)">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromore_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dromore (crater)">Dromore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Martheray_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Du Martheray (crater)">Du Martheray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(Acidalia_Planitia_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle (Acidalia Planitia crater)">Eagle (Acidalia Planitia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(Meridiani_Planum_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle (Meridiani Planum crater)">Eagle (Meridiani Planum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberswalde_(crater)" title="Eberswalde (crater)">Eberswalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_(crater)" title="Eddie (crater)">Eddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejriksson_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejriksson (Martian crater)">Ejriksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Dean_(crater)" title="Emma Dean (crater)">Emma Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_(crater)" title="Endeavour (crater)">Endeavour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matijevic_Hill" title="Matijevic Hill">Matijevic Hill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(crater)" title="Endurance (crater)">Endurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus_(crater)" title="Erebus (crater)">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_(Martian_crater)" title="Escalante (Martian crater)">Escalante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudoxus (Martian crater)">Eudoxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenagh_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenagh (crater)">Fenagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesenkov_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fesenkov (Martian crater)">Fesenkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firsoff_(Martian_crater)" title="Firsoff (Martian crater)">Firsoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flammarion_(Martian_crater)" title="Flammarion (Martian crater)">Flammarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaugergues_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaugergues (crater)">Flaugergues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focas_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Focas (Martian crater)">Focas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fontana (Martian crater)">Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fournier_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fournier (crater)">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fram_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fram (crater)">Fram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (crater)">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galdakao_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galdakao (crater)">Galdakao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_(crater)" title="Gale (crater)">Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galle_(Martian_crater)" title="Galle (Martian crater)">Galle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garni_(crater)" title="Garni (crater)">Garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasa_(crater)" title="Gasa (crater)">Gasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert (Martian crater)">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill (Martian crater)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gledhill_(crater)" title="Gledhill (crater)">Gledhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_(crater)" title="Gold (crater)">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graff_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graff (Martian crater)">Graff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_(Martian_crater)" title="Green (Martian crater)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindavik_(crater)" title="Grindavik (crater)">Grindavik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusev_(Martian_crater)" title="Gusev (Martian crater)">Gusev</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_1_Hills" title="Apollo 1 Hills">Apollo 1 Hills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaffee_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaffee Hill">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grissom_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Grissom Hill">Grissom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hill,_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="White Hill, Mars">White</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Hills_(Mars)" title="Columbia Hills (Mars)">Columbia Hills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband_Hill" title="Husband Hill">Husband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCool_Hill" title="McCool Hill">McCool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepy Hollow (Mars)">Sleepy Hollow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadley (crater)">Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldane_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haldane (Martian crater)">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_(Martian_crater)" title="Hale (Martian crater)">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halley (Martian crater)">Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargraves_(crater)" title="Hargraves (crater)">Hargraves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartwig_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartwig (Martian crater)">Hartwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaviside_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heaviside (Martian crater)">Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdal_(crater)" title="Heimdal (crater)">Heimdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinlein_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinlein (crater)">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helmholtz (Martian crater)">Helmholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(Martian_crater)" title="Henry (Martian crater)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_(Martian_crater)" title="Herschel (Martian crater)">Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparchus_(Martian_crater)" title="Hipparchus (Martian crater)">Hipparchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden_(Martian_crater)" title="Holden (Martian crater)">Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmes (crater)">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooke_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooke (Martian crater)">Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huggins_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huggins (Martian crater)">Huggins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussey_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussey (crater)">Hussey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutton_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutton (Martian crater)">Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huxley_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huxley (Martian crater)">Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(crater)" title="Huygens (crater)">Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazu_(crater)" title="Iazu (crater)">Iazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibragimov_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibragimov (crater)">Ibragimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuvik_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuvik (crater)">Inuvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_(Martian_crater)" title="Janssen (Martian crater)">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarry-Desloges_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarry-Desloges (crater)">Jarry-Desloges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeans (Martian crater)">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezero_(crater)" title="Jezero (crater)">Jezero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jez%C5%BEa_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezža (crater)">Jezža</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joly_(crater)" title="Joly (crater)">Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jones (Martian crater)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_(Martian_crater)" title="Kaiser (Martian crater)">Kaiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeler_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keeler (Martian crater)">Keeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler (Martian crater)">Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinkora_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinkora (crater)">Kinkora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipini_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kipini (crater)">Kipini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knobel_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Knobel (crater)">Knobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koga_(crater)" title="Koga (crater)">Koga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korolev_(Martian_crater)" title="Korolev (Martian crater)">Korolev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufra_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufra (crater)">Kufra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiper (Martian crater)">Kuiper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunowsky_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunowsky (Martian crater)">Kunowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambert (Martian crater)">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamont_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamont (Martian crater)">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampland_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampland (Martian crater)">Lampland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassell_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lassell (Martian crater)">Lassell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lau (crater)">Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Verrier_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Verrier (Martian crater)">Le Verrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Fan_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Fan (crater)">Li Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liais_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liais (crater)">Liais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipik_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipik (crater)">Lipik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Hsin_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Hsin (crater)">Liu Hsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanesco" class="mw-redirect" title="Llanesco">Llanesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockyer_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockyer (Martian crater)">Lockyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod_(crater)" title="Lod (crater)">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohse_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lohse (Martian crater)">Lohse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomonosov_(Martian_crater)" title="Lomonosov (Martian crater)">Lomonosov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louth_(crater)" title="Louth (crater)">Louth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_(Martian_crater)" title="Lowell (Martian crater)">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyell_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyell (Martian crater)">Lyell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyot_(Martian_crater)" title="Lyot (Martian crater)">Lyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4dler_(Martian_crater)" title="Mädler (Martian crater)">Mädler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magelhaens_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magelhaens (Martian crater)">Magelhaens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggini_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maggini (crater)">Maggini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_(Martian_crater)" title="Main (Martian crater)">Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandora_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandora (crater)">Mandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraldi_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maraldi (Martian crater)">Maraldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner (crater)">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marth_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marth (Martian crater)">Marth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martz_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martz (crater)">Martz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masursky_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Masursky (Martian crater)">Masursky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maunder_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maunder (Martian crater)">Maunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_(Martian_crater)" title="McLaughlin (Martian crater)">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_(crater)" title="McMurdo (crater)">McMurdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellish_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellish (crater)">Mellish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendel_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendel (Martian crater)">Mendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mie (crater)">Mie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milankovi%C4%8D_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Milankovič (Martian crater)">Milankovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millochau_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Millochau (crater)">Millochau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchel_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitchel (crater)">Mitchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_(crater)" title="Miyamoto (crater)">Miyamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawk (crater)">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_(crater)" title="Mojave (crater)">Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molesworth_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Molesworth (crater)">Molesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montevallo_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montevallo (crater)">Montevallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreux_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreux (crater)">Moreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Müller (Martian crater)">Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansen (Martian crater)">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nereus (crater)">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(Martian_crater)" title="Newton (Martian crater)">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhill_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhill (crater)">Nhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholson_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholson (Martian crater)">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niesten_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niesten (crater)">Niesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipigon_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipigon (crater)">Nipigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onon_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onon (crater)">Onon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orson Welles (crater)">Orson Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudemans_(crater)" title="Oudemans (crater)">Oudemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palana_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palana (crater)">Palana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangboche_(crater)" title="Pangboche (crater)">Pangboche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasteur_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasteur (Martian crater)">Pasteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penticton_(crater)" title="Penticton (crater)">Penticton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perepelkin_(Martian_crater)" title="Perepelkin (Martian crater)">Perepelkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridier_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peridier (crater)">Peridier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persbo_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Persbo (crater)">Persbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettit_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pettit (Martian crater)">Pettit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillips (Martian crater)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickering_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickering (Martian crater)">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playfair_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Playfair (Martian crater)">Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollack_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollack (Martian crater)">Pollack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poona_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poona (crater)">Poona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_(Martian_crater)" title="Porter (Martian crater)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porth_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Porth (crater)">Porth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priestley_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priestley (Martian crater)">Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proctor_(Martian_crater)" title="Proctor (Martian crater)">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaeus_(Martian_crater)" title="Ptolemaeus (Martian crater)">Ptolemaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%84sk_(crater)" title="Puńsk (crater)">Puńsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quenisset_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quenisset (crater)">Quenisset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabe_(crater)" title="Rabe (crater)">Rabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radau_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radau (crater)">Radau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahe_(crater)" title="Rahe (crater)">Rahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayleigh_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayleigh (Martian crater)">Rayleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redi_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Redi (crater)">Redi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaudot_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaudot (crater)">Renaudot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuyl_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuyl (crater)">Reuyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_(crater)" title="Reynolds (crater)">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richardson (Martian crater)">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritchey_(Martian_crater)" title="Ritchey (Martian crater)">Ritchey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sharp_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Sharp (crater)">Robert Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roddenberry_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roddenberry (crater)">Roddenberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ross (Martian crater)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossby_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossby (crater)">Rossby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaux_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudaux (crater)">Rudaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell (Martian crater)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherford (Martian crater)">Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagan_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sagan (crater)">Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saheki_(crater)" title="Saheki (crater)">Saheki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_(crater)" title="Santa Maria (crater)">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaeberle_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schaeberle (Martian crater)">Schaeberle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_(Martian_crater)" title="Schiaparelli (Martian crater)">Schiaparelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmidt_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schmidt (Martian crater)">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secchi_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secchi (Martian crater)">Secchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semeykin_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Semeykin (crater)">Semeykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharonov_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharonov (Martian crater)">Sharonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibu_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibu (crater)">Sibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinton_(crater)" title="Sinton (crater)">Sinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitka_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitka (crater)">Sitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sklodowska_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sklodowska (Martian crater)">Sklodowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipher_(Martian_crater)" title="Slipher (Martian crater)">Slipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith (Martian crater)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_(Martian_crater)" title="South (Martian crater)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spallanzani_(Martian_crater)" title="Spallanzani (Martian crater)">Spallanzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%ABpur_(crater)" title="Srīpur (crater)">Srīpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steno_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steno (Martian crater)">Steno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokes_(Martian_crater)" title="Stokes (Martian crater)">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoney_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoney (Martian crater)">Stoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suess_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suess (Martian crater)">Suess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhi_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhi (crater)">Suzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarsus (crater)">Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taytay_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taytay (crater)">Taytay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teisserenc_de_Bort_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teisserenc de Bort (crater)">Teisserenc de Bort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terby_(crater)" title="Terby (crater)">Terby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thila_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thila (crater)">Thila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thira_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thira (crater)">Thira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhonravov_(crater)" title="Tikhonravov (crater)">Tikhonravov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhov_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikhov (Martian crater)">Tikhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbuktu_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timbuktu (crater)">Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombaugh_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tombaugh (crater)">Tombaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooting_(crater)" title="Tooting (crater)">Tooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouvelot_(Martian_crater)" title="Trouvelot (Martian crater)">Trouvelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy (crater)">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trud_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trud (crater)">Trud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpler_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trumpler (Martian crater)">Trumpler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugaske_(crater)" title="Tugaske (crater)">Tugaske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tycho Brahe (Martian crater)">Tycho Brahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndall_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyndall (Martian crater)">Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udzha" class="mw-redirect" title="Udzha">Udzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernal_(Martian_crater)" title="Vernal (Martian crater)">Vernal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_(Martian_crater)" title="Very (Martian crater)">Very</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(crater)" title="Victoria (crater)">Victoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_(Mars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde (Mars)">Cape Verde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinogradov_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinogradov (crater)">Vinogradov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinogradsky_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinogradsky (crater)">Vinogradsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virrat_(crater)" title="Virrat (crater)">Virrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishniac_(crater)" title="Vishniac (crater)">Vishniac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vogel_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogel (Martian crater)">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_(Martian_crater)" title="Von Kármán (Martian crater)">Von Kármán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vostok (crater)">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace (Martian crater)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wegener_(Martian_crater)" title="Wegener (Martian crater)">Wegener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinbaum_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weinbaum (crater)">Weinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wells (crater)">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams (Martian crater)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winslow_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Winslow (crater)">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirtz_(crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wirtz (crater)">Wirtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wislicenus_(crater)" title="Wislicenus (crater)">Wislicenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_(Martian_crater)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright (Martian crater)">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuty_(crater)" title="Yuty (crater)">Yuty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zumba_(crater)" title="Zumba (crater)">Zumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunil_(crater)" title="Zunil (crater)">Zunil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623857#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata674" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623857#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata674" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623857#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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