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The Tibetan and Himalayan Library
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THL promotes the integration of knowledge and community across the divides of academic disciplines, the historical and the contemporary, the religious and the secular, the global and the local." /> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/global/php/combineJS.php"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/global/css/thdl-style.css" type="text/css" media="all" title="no title" charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/global/js/thl-new-search.js"></script> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/global/css/thdl-layout.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/global/css/thdl-nav.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/global/css/thl-tt-plugin.css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/global/css/jquery.thl.popup.css" media="all" /> --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/global/css/thdl-temp.css" media="all" /> </head> <body class="home"> <!-- begin 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Link"><img src="/global/images/masthead-title-thl.gif" width="436" height="32" alt="THL Title Text" /></a></div> </div> <ul id="masthead-navbar"> <li class="home alpha"><a href="/"><em><b>Home</b></em></a></li> <li class="collections"><a href="/collections/"><em><b>Collections</b></em></a></li> <li class="reference"><a href="/reference/"><em><b>Reference</b></em></a></li> <li class="places"><a href="/places/"><em><b>Places</b></em></a></li> <li class="literature"><a href="/encyclopedias/literary"><em><b>Literature</b></em></a></li> <!--<li class="education"><a href="/education/"><em><b>Education</b></em></a></li>--> <li class="community"><a href="/community/"><em><b>Community</b></em></a></li> <li class="tools"><a href="/tools/"><em><b>Tools</b></em></a></li> <li class="projects"><a href="/projects/"><em><b>Projects</b></em></a></li> </ul> <div id="thl-translate"><a href="#" id="translate-this" onclick="return THLTibetanTranslationPlugin.translateSelectedText();" title="Translate selected text (Ctrl+Alt+?)"></a></div> <!-- begin masthead utility --> <!-- begin sitemap --> <div id="fxSitemap"> <div id="fxSitemapContent"> <div class="thlmenu-eng"><!-- english version - this is the id name that the menu calls in the html link --> <div class="thlmenu"> <div class="sitemapHeader"> <p>Tibetan & Himalayan Library - Index</p> </div> <p id="closeSitemapX"><a href="#" class="sitemapAction" id="closeSitemap" style="background-image: url(/global/images/btn-closebox2.png);" title="close thl index">Close</a></p> <div class="thlmenu-border"> <table> <tr> <td class="header index-toprow"> <p> <a href="/">THL Home</a> </p> </td> <td class="index-toprow"> <p> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20about%20us.html" class="first-link">About Us</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20home%20overview.html">THL Overview</a> <a href="/about/wiki/first%20time%20visitors.html">First-Time Visitors</a> <a href="/about/wiki/guide%20to%20thdl%20resources.html">Guide to Resources</a> <a 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href="/places/maps/collections/">Maps</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/">Texts</a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/reference/">Reference</a> </p> </td> <!-- temporarily links directly to SPT; when Bibliographies index.php goes live, delete the <a> tag for Bibliographies that goes directly to SPT page--> <td> <p> <a href="/reference/spt/SPT--BrowseResources.php?ParentId=42" class="first-link" >Bibliographies</a> <!--<a href="/reference/bibliographies/" class="first-link">Bibliographies</a>--> <a href="/community/thstudies/wiki/research%20finding%20aids.html">Finding Aids</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/places" target="_blank">Places</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/subjects/6403/overview/nojs" target="_blank">Subjects</a> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" target="_blank">Terms</a> <!--<a href="/reference/timelines/">Timelines</a>--> <br/> <a href="/reference/transliteration/" class="first-link">Transliteration</a> <!--<a href="/reference/tibetan-grammar/" class="first-link">Tibetan Grammar</a> <a href="/reference/dictionaries/" class="parent-link">Dictionaries:</a>(<a href="/reference/dictionaries/himalayan-languages/" class="sub-link">Himalayan Languages</a>--> <a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" target="_blank">Tibetan Dictionary</a> <!--ADD back class= when parent Dictionaries link is activated, and delete "Dictionary" from label--> <a href="/reference/dictionaries/tibetan-dictionary/translate.php" class="sub-link">Tibetan Translation Tool</a> <!--)--> <br/> <a href="/reference/transliteration/phconverter.php" class="first-link" >Tibetan-Phonetics Converter</a> <a href="/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php">Tibetan-Wylie Converter</a> </p> </td> </tr> <!-- temporarily removed until updates available <tr> <td class="header"><p><a href="/collections/">Collections</a></p></td> <td><p><a href="/collections/special-collections/" class="first-link">Special Collections</a><br/> <a href="http://staging-mms.thlib.org/media/" class="parent-link" style="margin-left:0px">Media:</a>(<a href="/collections/media/audio-video/" class="sub-link">Audio-Video</a><a href="/collections/media/images/" class="sub-link">Images</a><a href="/collections/media/immersive/" class="sub-link-last">Immersive</a>)<a href="/collections/texts/" class="parent-link">Texts:</a>(<a href="/collections/texts/jiats/" class="sub-link">JIATS</a><a href="/collections/texts/journals/" class="sub-link">Journals</a><a href="/collections/texts/reprints/" class="sub-link">Reprints</a><a href="/collections/texts/tibetan-texts/" class="sub-link-last">Tibetan Texts</a>)</p></td> </tr> --> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/places/">Places</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/places/culturalgeography/" target="_blank" class="first-link">Cultural Geography</a> <a href="/places/maps/interactive/">Interactive Map</a> <a href="/places/maps/collections/">Maps</a> <a href="/places/culturalgeography/nepal/census/">Nepal Census Data</a> <a href="http://places.thlib.org/" target="_blank">Place Dictionary</a> <br/> </p> </td> </tr> <!-- temporarily removed until updates available <td><p><a href="/places/cultures/" class="first-link">Cultures</a><a href="/places/culturalgeography/">Cultural Geography</a><a href="/places/environment/">Environment</a><br/> <a href="/places/feature-thesaurus/" class="first-link">Feature Thesaurus</a><a href="/community/geotourism/">Geotourism</a><a href="/community/knowledge/">Participatory Knowledge</a><br/> <a href="/places/polities/">Polities</a><a href="/places/reference/">Reference</a><a href="/places/timeline/">Timeline</a><a href="/places/lhasa/">The City of Lhasa</a></p></td> </tr> temporarily removed until updates available --> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary">Literature</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/" class="first-link">Tibetan Canons</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/kt/">Kangyur/Tengyur</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/canons/ngb/">Collected Tantras of the Ancients</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/shechen/dkcw/catalog.php">Dilgo Khyents茅 Catalog</a> <a href="/encyclopedias/literary/genres/">Literary Genres</a> </p> </td> </tr> <!-- temporarily removed until updates available <tr> <td class="header"><p><a href="/education/">Education</a></p></td> <td><p><a href="/education/courses/" class="first-link">Courses</a><a href="/education/programs/">Programs</a><a href="/education/learning-languages/" class="parent-link">Learning Languages:</a>(<a href="/education/learning-languages/english/" class="sub-link">English</a><a href="/encyclopedias/learning-languages/nepali/" class="sub-link">Nepali</a><a href="/encyclopedias/learning-languages/tibetan/" class="sub-link-last">Tibetan</a>)</p></td> </tr> --> <!-- temporarily removed until updates available --> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/community/">Community</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <!--<a href="#" class="first-link">Academic Studies</a><a href="#">Announcements</a> delete class="first-link" from the next item when one of the two preceding items is uncommented back in--> <!--a href="/bibliographies/wiki/blogs.html">Blogs</a--> <a href="/tools/wiki/thl%20collab%20worksites.html">Collaboration Worksites</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/community%20|amp|%20communication.html">Communication</a> <!--<a href="/community/reports/">Community Reports</a> <a href="#">Conferences</a><br/>--> <!-- add back class="first-link" when you uncomment back in the <br> tag that precedes this--> <a href="/bibliographies/wiki/discussion%20forums.html">Discussion Forums</a> <br/> <!--a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20community%20events.html" class="first-link" >Events</a--> <!--<a href="/community/geotourism/">Geotourism</a>--> <!--a href="/bibliographies/wiki/mailing%20lists.html">Mailing Lists</a--> <a href="/about/wiki/thl%20partners.html">THL Partners</a> <a href="/community/thstudies/wiki/news%20for%20tibetan%20studies%20|amp|%20tibetans.html" >Tibetan News</a> <!--<a href="#">Participants</a><a href="/community/knowledge/">Participatory Knowledge</a> <a href="#">Tibetan Himalayan</a>--> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/tools/">Tools</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/tools/wiki/home.html" class="first-link">Toolbox</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/preparing%20your%20computer%20for%20thdl%20use.html">Prep Computer</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/tips%20on%20software%20|amp|%20operating%20systems.html" >Software</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/thl%20technologies%20|amp|%20open%20standards.html" >Technologies</a> <a href="/tools/sitewiki/32aa1fc8-5059-431d-9a65-7a8b13ec3415/home.html">THL Research Lab</a><br/> <a href="/tools/wiki/fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="parent-link first-link">Fonts:</a>(<a href="/tools/wiki/chinese%20fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="sub-link">Chinese</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/diacritic%20fonts.html" class="sub-link">Diacritics</a> <a href="/tools/wiki/nepali%20fonts%20|amp|%20related%20issues.html" class="sub-link">Nepali</a> <a href="/tools/scripts/wiki/home.html" class="sub-link-last">Tibetan </a>) </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="header"> <p> <a href="/projects/">Projects</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="/bellezza/" target="_blank" class="first-link">Antiquities of Zhangzhung</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/drepung/" target="_blank">Drepung Monastery</a> <a href="/collections/texts/jiats/" target="_blank">JIATS</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/meru-nyingpa/" target="_blank">Meru Nyingpa Monastery</a> <a href="/places/monasteries/sera/" target="_blank">Sera Monastery</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thl%20projects%20inventory.html" class="first-link" >Projects Inventory</a> <a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20status%20reports.html">Status Reports</a> </p> </td> </tr> <!--<tr> <td colspan="2" class="index-botrow"> <p>NOTE: an asterisk (*) indicates a 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side column search php --> <h3 class="side-search-header"><a>Search</a></h3> <!-- <form action="#" id="side-search-form" method="post" class="side-search-form"> <table id="search-wrapper"> <tr> <td><input id="q" name="g" class="ss-text" type="text" tabindex="1" value="" /></td> <td><input type="image" src="/global/images/btn-search-arrow.gif" class="ss-arrow" id="go" alt="Search" title="Search" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <select class="ss-select" title="Target Search" name="Target Search" id="target"> <option value="" class="top">Search All</option> <option value="">> Image - Video</option> <option value="" class="alt">> Places</option> <option value="">> Tibetan Terms</option> <option value="" class="alt">> THL ID#</option> </select> </td> </tr> </table> </form>--> <form action="http://www.thlib.org/search-results.php" id="cse-search-box" class="side-search-form"> <div> <table id="side-search-wrapper"> <tr> <td> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="008495345227205106885:dgbqxts-b0m" /> 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href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/places" title="The THL Place Dictionary">Place Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="https://mandala.shanti.virginia.edu/terms" title="THL Tibetan Historical Dictionary">Tibetan Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/encyclopedias/literary/" title="THL Tibetan Texts Collection">Tibetan Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/transliteration/phconverter.php" title="THL Tibetan Transcriber">Transcriber</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/dictionaries/tibetan-dictionary/translate.php" title="THL Tibetan Translation Tool">Translation Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/reference/transliteration/wyconverter.php" title="THL Tibetan Transliterator">Transliterator</a></li> </ul> <h4><a href="/about/wiki/thdl%20status%20reports.html" title="review thl status reports">THL Status Reports</a></h4> <!--h4><a href="/community/newsupdates-thl.php" title="Subscribe: THL Updates">Subscribe: THL Updates</a></h4--> <!--h4><a href="/about/wiki/donating%20funds%20and%20equipment%20to%20thdl.html" title="wish to make donations">Support: Donate to THL</a></h4--> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end side column --> <div id="openCloseSideMenu"><a class="sideMenuAction" id="sideMenuLink"></a></div> <!--<div id="thdl-search-link"><a href="#nogo">Advanced Search</a></div>--> <!-- end masthead utility --> <!-- begin content --><div id="content"><div class="shell-1" style="display: none;"><div id='ex_wrapper'><div class="publicview" style="margin: 0 10px 0 25px; overflow: visible;"> <div id="rwiki_container"> <div class="portletBody"> <a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20Resources.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources Resources</a> <div class="nosidebar" id="rwiki_content"> <div class="rwikiRenderBody"> <div class="rwiki_RenderedContent"><h3 class="heading-h6"><a name="AboutTHLhomegtTibetanLanguageLearningResourcesResources" class="anchorpoint"><a href="/about/wiki/home.html">About THL</a> > Tibetan Language Learning Resources Resources</a></h3><p class="paragraph"> </p><h3 class="heading-h1"><a name="TibetanLanguageLearningResourcesResources" class="anchorpoint">Tibetan Language Learning Resources Resources</a></h3><p class="paragraph"> </p><h3 class="heading-h2"><a name="SidenavLinks" class="anchorpoint">Sidenav Links</a></h3><ul class="star"><li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20Overview.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20Introduction.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20Status%20Report.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources Status Report</a></li> <li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20Help.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources Help</a></li> <li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20About%20Us.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20How%20to%20Participate.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources How to Participate</a></li> <li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20Sponsors.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources Sponsors</a></li> <li><a href="/about/wiki/Tibetan%20Language%20Learning%20Resources%20How%20to%20Cite.html">Tibetan Language Learning Resources How to Cite</a></li></ul><p class="paragraph"> </p><h3 class="heading-h2"><a name="FeaturesampSpotlightsofTibetanLanguageLearningResources" class="anchorpoint">Features & Spotlights of Tibetan Language Learning Resources:</a></h3><p class="paragraph"> </p><h3 class="heading-h6"><a 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