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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geographic distribution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geographic distribution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Official status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spoken_and_literary_varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoken_and_literary_varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Spoken and literary varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoken_and_literary_varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Writing system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_transliteration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_transliteration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Latin transliteration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_transliteration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dictionary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dictionary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dictionary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dictionary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Nouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nominal_morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominal_morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Nominal morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominal_morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbal_morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbal_morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Verbal morphology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbal_morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Word_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Word_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Word order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loanwords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loanwords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Loanwords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loanwords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Words_referring_to_persons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_referring_to_persons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6.1</span> <span>Words referring to persons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words_referring_to_persons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Words_referring_to_things" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_referring_to_things"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6.2</span> <span>Words referring to things</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words_referring_to_things-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Words_referring_to_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_referring_to_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6.3</span> <span>Words referring to actions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words_referring_to_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levels_of_speech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levels_of_speech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Levels of speech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levels_of_speech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Word_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Word_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Word origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Word_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_common_phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_common_phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Some common phrases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_common_phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sample</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Information technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Information_technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Information technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Information_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Typography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Typography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Fonts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Text_editors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Text_editors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Text editors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Text_editors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maldivian language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 87 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi" title="Dhivehi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मालदीवियन भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मालदीवियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الديفهية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الديفهية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_dhivehi" title="Idioma dhivehi – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="দিভেহি ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দিভেহি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_maldivianu" title="Idioma maldivianu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma maldivianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maynd%C3%ADva_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Mayndíva ñe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mayndíva ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiv_dili" title="Maldiv dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maldiv dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="مالدیو دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مالدیو دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ধিবেহী ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধিবেহী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi-g%C3%AD" title="Dhivehi-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dhivehi-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Дывехі (мова) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дывехі (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Дивехи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дивехи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diveheg" title="Diveheg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Diveheg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divehi" title="Divehi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Divehi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malediv%C5%A1tina" title="Maledivština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maledivština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divehi" title="Divehi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Divehi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi_(sprog)" title="Dhivehi (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dhivehi (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi" title="Dhivehi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%88%DE%AC%DE%80%DE%A8" title="ދިވެހި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިވެހި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiivi_keel" title="Maldiivi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maldiivi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%B9" title="Γλώσσα Ντιβέχι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Ντιβέχι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_maldivo" title="Idioma maldivo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma maldivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiva_lingvo" title="Maldiva lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maldiva lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldivera" title="Maldivera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maldivera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C" title="زبان دیوهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان دیوهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi_bhasa" title="Dhivehi bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dhivehi bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldivien" title="Maldivien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maldivien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_maldivana" title="Lingua maldivana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua maldivana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EB%B2%A0%ED%9E%88%EC%96%B4" title="디베히어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디베히어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Մալդիվերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալդիվերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मह्ल भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मह्ल भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Maladewa" title="Bahasa Maladewa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Maladewa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_maldiviana" title="Lingua maldiviana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua maldiviana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94%D7%99" title="דיבהי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיבהי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಧಿವೇಹಿ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಧಿವೇಹಿ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მალდივური ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალდივური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%90%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دِویہی زبان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دِویہی زبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidhivehi" title="Kidhivehi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kidhivehi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Дивехи – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Дивехи" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Dhivehi" title="Lingua Dhivehi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mald%C4%ABvie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Maldīviešu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maldīviešu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldyv%C5%B3_kalba" title="Maldyvų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maldyvų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mald%C3%ADv_nyelv" title="Maldív nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maldív nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Малдивски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малдивски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ദിവെഹി ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദിവെഹി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="दिवेही भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दिवेही भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მალდივური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალდივური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="مالدیوی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مالدیوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Divehi" title="Bahasa Divehi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Divehi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divehi" title="Divehi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Divehi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="धिवेही भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धिवेही भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%99%E3%83%92%E8%AA%9E" title="ディベヒ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディベヒ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divehi" title="Divehi – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Divehi" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi" title="Dhivehi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhivehi" title="Dhivehi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਦਿਵੇਹੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਿਵੇਹੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%81%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="دیویہی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیویہی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%DB%90%D9%87%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ديوېهي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ديوېهي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_maldivian-a" title="Lenga maldivian-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga maldivian-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_malediwski" title="Język malediwski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język malediwski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_dive%C3%AD" title="Língua diveí – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua diveí" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_dhivehi" title="Limba dhivehi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Мальдивский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мальдивский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="दिवेहिभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="दिवेहिभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱫᱷᱤᱵᱮᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱤᱵᱮᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_maldive" title="Gjuha maldive – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha maldive" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="දිවෙහි භාෂාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දිවෙහි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldivian_language" title="Maldivian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maldivian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldiv%C4%8Dina" title="Maldivčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maldivčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malediwsk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Malediwskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Malediwskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%8C" title="زمانی مالدیڤی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی مالدیڤی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Малдивски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малдивски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divehin_kieli" title="Divehin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Divehin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divehi" title="Divehi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Divehi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Maldibo" title="Wikang Maldibo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Maldibo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="திவெயி மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திவெயி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Мальдив теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мальдив теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษามัลดีฟส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษามัลดีฟส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldivce" title="Maldivce – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Maldivce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мальдівська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мальдівська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%81%DB%8C" title="دیویہی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دیویہی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Dhivehi" title="Tiếng Dhivehi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Dhivehi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%BB%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" title="迪维西语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="迪维西语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%B6%AD%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%87" title="迪維西文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="迪維西文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="迪维希语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迪维希语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Divehi" title="Bahasa Divehi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Divehi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhivehi_language&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhivehi language">Dhivehi language</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indo-Aryan national language of Maldives</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Dhivehi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Maldivian</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ދިވެހި</span></span>, <i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">dhivehi</i></span></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhivehiscript.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dhivehiscript.svg/200px-Dhivehiscript.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dhivehiscript.svg/300px-Dhivehiscript.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dhivehiscript.svg/400px-Dhivehiscript.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="36" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">"Dhivehi" written in the Thaana script</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">[d̪iʋehi]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Minicoy" title="Minicoy">Minicoy Island (Maliku)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Maldivians" title="Maldivians">Maldivians</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">500,000 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages#Southern_Zone" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Southern Zone</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Insular Indo-Aryan<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Sinhalese–Maldivian<sup id="cite_ref-e27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Dhivehi</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early form</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Dhivehi" title="Old Dhivehi">Old Dhivehi</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> until the 19th century <br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language" title="Manually coded language">Signed forms</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dhivehi Sign Language</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dhivehi_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhivehi Academy">Dhivehi Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=dv">dv</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=116">div</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/div" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:div">div</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dhiv1236">dhiv1236</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>dv-MV</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maldives_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Maldives_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/320px-Maldives_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Maldives_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/480px-Maldives_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Maldives_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/640px-Maldives_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Das_Buch_der_Schrift_(Faulmann)_170.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Das_Buch_der_Schrift_%28Faulmann%29_170.jpg/220px-Das_Buch_der_Schrift_%28Faulmann%29_170.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Das_Buch_der_Schrift_%28Faulmann%29_170.jpg/330px-Das_Buch_der_Schrift_%28Faulmann%29_170.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Das_Buch_der_Schrift_%28Faulmann%29_170.jpg/440px-Das_Buch_der_Schrift_%28Faulmann%29_170.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4767" data-file-height="6550" /></a><figcaption>Maldivian in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Faulmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Faulmann (page does not exist)">Carl Faulmann</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Faulmann" class="extiw" title="de:Carl Faulmann">de</a>]</span>'s <i>Das Buch der Schrift</i>, 1880</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dhivehi</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Divehi</b><sup id="cite_ref-ISO_639-2/RA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_639-2/RA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISO_639-3/RA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_639-3/RA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">di-<span style="font-size:90%">VAY</span>-hee</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dhivehi: <span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ދިވެހި</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="dv-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[d̪iʋehi]</a></span>), is an <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan language</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> island country of <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on <a href="/wiki/Minicoy" title="Minicoy">Minicoy Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>The Maldivian language has four notable dialects. The standard dialect is that of the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a>. The greatest dialectal variation exists in the southern atolls of <a href="/wiki/Huvadhu_Atoll" title="Huvadhu Atoll">Huvadhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Addu_Atoll" title="Addu Atoll">Addu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fuvahmulah" title="Fuvahmulah">Fuvahmulah</a>. Each of these atolls has its own distinct dialect often thought to be interconnected with each other while being widely different from the dialect spoken in the northern atolls. The southern dialects are so distinct that those only speaking northern dialects cannot understand them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ethnic endonym for the language, <i>Divehi</i>, is occasionally found in English as <i>Dhivehi</i> (spelled according to the locally used <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9_Latin" title="Malé Latin">Malé Latin</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanisation</a> of the Maldivian language), which is the official spelling as well as the common usage in the Maldives. Dhivehi is written in <a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> script. </p><p>Dhivehi is a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Elu" title="Elu">Elu Prakrit</a> and is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhalese language">Sinhalese</a>, but not mutually intelligible with it. Many languages have influenced the development of Dhivehi through the ages. They include <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. The English words <i><a href="/wiki/Atoll" title="Atoll">atoll</a></i> (a ring of coral islands or reefs) and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhoni_(fishing_vessel)" title="Dhoni (fishing vessel)">dhoni</a></i> (a vessel for inter-atoll navigation) are anglicised forms of the Maldivian words <i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">atoḷu</i></span></i> and <i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">dōni</i></span></i>. Before European colonization of the Southern Hemisphere, it was the southernmost Indo-European language. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the word "Divehi" is from older <i>divu-vesi</i>, meaning "island dwelling". <i>Divu</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA#Sanskrit" class="extiw" title="wikt:द्वीप">द्वीप</a></span></span> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dvīpa</i></span>, 'island') later became <span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%AB#Dhivehi" class="extiw" title="wikt:ދޫ">ދޫ</a></span></span> <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="dv-Latn">dū</i></span>, which is currently present in many names of Maldivian islands, such as <a href="/wiki/Hanimaadhoo_(Haa_Dhaalu_Atoll)" title="Hanimaadhoo (Haa Dhaalu Atoll)">Hanimādū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hulhumeedhoo" title="Hulhumeedhoo">Mīdū</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dhaandhoo" title="Dhaandhoo">Dāndū</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Vesi</i> came from the Sanskrit suffix <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit" class="extiw" title="wikt:-वासिन्">-वासिन्</a></span></span> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">-vāsin</i></span> and later became <span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DE%88%DE%AC%DE%80%DE%A8#Dhivehi" class="extiw" title="wikt:ވެހި">ވެހި</a></span></span> <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="dv-Latn">vehi</i></span>. <span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0#Dhivehi" class="extiw" title="wikt:ބަސް">ބަސް</a></span></span> <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="dv-Latn">bas</i></span> (from Sanskrit <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE#Sanskrit" class="extiw" title="wikt:भाषा">भाषा</a></span></span> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">bhāṣā</i></span>) means "language", so <span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ދިވެހިބަސް</span></span> <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="dv-Latn">dhivehi bas</i></span> means "islanders' language". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Geiger" title="Wilhelm Geiger">Wilhelm Geiger</a>, a German linguist who undertook the first research on Maldivian <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> in the early 20th century, also called the language <i>Divehi</i>. An <i>h</i> was added to the name of the language— "Dhivehi"— in 1976, when the semi-official transliteration called <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9_Latin" title="Malé Latin">Malé Latin</a> was developed. Today the spelling with <i>Dh</i> has common and semi-official usage in the Maldives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maldivian is an Indo-Aryan language closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhalese</a> language of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>. Maldivian represents the southernmost Indo-Aryan language, as well as the southernmost <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European language</a> prior to European colonization. Maldivian and Sinhalese together constitute a subgroup within the modern Indo-Aryan languages, called <a href="/wiki/Insular_Indo-Aryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Indo-Aryan">Insular Indo-Aryan</a>. However, they are not mutually intelligible.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maldivian and Sinhalese are descended from the <a href="/wiki/Elu" title="Elu">Elu</a> Prakrit of ancient and medieval Sri Lanka. These <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrits</a> were originally derived from Old Indo-Aryan vernaculars related to <a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic Sanskrit</a>. </p><p>Whereas formerly Maldivian was thought to be a descendant of Sinhalese, in 1969 Sinhalese philologist M. W. S. de Silva for the first time proposed that Maldivian and Sinhalese had branched off from a common mother language.<sup id="cite_ref-de_Silva_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_Silva-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following are some phonological features shared by Sinhala, or unique to Maldivian:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Loss of aspiration in stop consonants (Sanskrit <i>khasa</i> → Maldivian and Sinhala <i>kas</i>, both "itch").</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortition" title="Fortition">Fortition</a> of initial <i>y-</i> → <i>j-</i> → <i>d-</i>, not shared by Sinhala (<i>yaṣṭi</i> → Maldivian <i>doṣi</i>, Sinhala <i>yæṭi</i>, both "fishing rod").</li> <li>Development of <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasalized consonants</a> from nasal and voiced stop clusters (<i>ambā</i> → Maldivian and Sinhala <i>am̆bi</i>, both "wife").</li> <li>Spirantization of <i>p</i> → <i>f</i> (<i>panca</i> → Maldivian <i>fas</i>, Sinhala <i>paha</i>, both "five").</li> <li>Assibilation of <i>ṭ</i> → <i>ṣ</i> except when geminated (<i>kaṇṭaka</i> → Maldivian <i>kaṣi</i>, Sinhala <i>kaṭuva</i>, both "thorn").</li> <li>Backing of vowels <i>e</i> and <i>i</i> into <i>o</i> and <i>u</i> before retroflex consonants (older Dhivehi <i>ateḷu</i> → <i>atoḷu</i> "atoll")</li> <li>Loss of contrast between <i>n</i> and <i>ṇ</i> (except in the Addu dialect, e.g. <i>fani</i> "juice" : <i>faṇi</i> "worm" is rendered homophonous elsewhere), but not <i>l</i> and <i>ḷ</i> (<i>ali</i> "light" : <i>aḷi</i> "ash").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Dhivehi" title="Old Dhivehi">Old Dhivehi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loamaafaanu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Loamaafaanu.jpg/220px-Loamaafaanu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Loamaafaanu.jpg/330px-Loamaafaanu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Loamaafaanu.jpg/440px-Loamaafaanu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>12th-century <i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/L%C5%8Dm%C4%81f%C4%81nu" title="Lōmāfānu">lōmāfānu</a></i></span></i>, copper plates on which early Maldivian sultans wrote orders and grants</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest official writings were on the <i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn"><a href="/wiki/L%C5%8Dm%C4%81f%C4%81nu" title="Lōmāfānu">lōmāfānu</a></i></span></i> (copper-plate <a href="/wiki/Conveyancing" title="Conveyancing">grants</a>) of the 12th and 13th centuries. Earlier inscriptions on coral stone have also been found. The oldest inscription found to date is an inscription on a coral stone, which is estimated to be from around the 6th-8th centuries. </p><p>Maldivian is an Indo-Aryan language of the Sinhalese-Maldivian subfamily.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It developed in relative isolation from other languages until the 12th century. Since the 16th century, Maldivian has been written in a unique script called <a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a> which is written from <a href="/wiki/Right_to_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to left">right to left</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> (with which it shares several common diacritics for vowel sounds). </p><p>The foundation of the historical linguistic analysis of both Maldivian and <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhalese</a> was laid by <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Geiger" title="Wilhelm Geiger">Wilhelm Geiger</a> (1856–1943). In Geiger's comparative study of Maldivian and Sinhalese, he assumes that Maldivian is a dialectal offspring of Sinhalese and therefore is a "daughter language" of Sinhalese. However, the material he collected was not sufficient to judge the "degree of relationship" of Maldivian and Sinhalese. </p><p>Geiger concludes that Maldivian must have split from Sinhalese not earlier than the 10th century CE. However, there is nothing in the history of these islands or Sinhalese chronicles, even in legendary form, that alludes to a migration of Sinhalese people which would result in such a connection. Maldives is completely absent from the pre-12th century records of Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rare Maliku Thaana primer written in the Maliku dialect, published by <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>'s administration during the time of <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>'s rule, was reprinted by Spanish researcher <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Romero_Fr%C3%ADas" title="Xavier Romero Frías">Xavier Romero Frías</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a holiday, the <i>Dhivehi Language Day</i>, which is celebrated in the Maldives on 14 April, the birthday of the writer <a href="/wiki/Husain_Salahuddin" title="Husain Salahuddin">Husain Salahuddin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maldivian is spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> and a variation of it in <a href="/wiki/Minicoy" title="Minicoy">Minicoy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_status">Official status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Official status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maldivian is the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> and a semi-official language in the <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>, India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maldivian language has multiple dialects due to the wide distribution of the islands, causing differences in pronunciation and vocabulary to develop during the centuries. The most divergent dialects of the language are to be found in the southern atolls, namely <a href="/wiki/Huvadhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Huvadhu">Huvadhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuvahmulah" title="Fuvahmulah">Fuvahmulah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Addu_Atoll" title="Addu Atoll">Addu</a>. The other variants show less difference to the official dialect, including the dialects spoken in a few islands in <a href="/wiki/Kolhumadulu_Atoll" title="Kolhumadulu Atoll">Kolhumadulu</a> Atoll and the now obsolete dialect once spoken in <a href="/wiki/Giraavaru_(Kaafu_Atoll)" title="Giraavaru (Kaafu Atoll)">Giraavaru</a>, which are hardly recognised and known. </p> <ul><li><i>Malé dialect</i> is the mainstream Maldivian dialect (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">bahuruva</i></span>) and is based on the dialect spoken in the capital of the Maldives, Malé.</li> <li><i>Haddhunmathee dialect</i> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Haddhunmathi_Atoll" title="Haddhunmathi Atoll">Haddhunmathi</a> Atoll.</li> <li><i>Maliku dialect</i> (<i>Mahl</i>) spoken in <a href="/wiki/Minicoy" title="Minicoy">Minicoy (Maliku)</a> in union territory of <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a>, India. The dialect spoken in Minicoy has fewer differences from the standard Maldivian than other dialects. It has some archaic forms of words and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> loanwords.</li> <li><i>Mulaku dialect</i> is a dialect of Maldivian spoken by the people of <a href="/wiki/Fuvahmulah" title="Fuvahmulah">Fuvahmulah</a>. <i>Mulaku dialect</i> has word-final 'l' (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">laamu sukun</i></span> <span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ލް</span></span>), which is absent from the other dialects of Maldivian. Another characteristic is the 'o' sound at the end of words, instead of the final 'u' common in all other forms of Maldivian; e.g. <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">fanno</i></span> instead of <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">fannu</i></span>. Regarding pronunciation, the retroflex 'ṣ' (IPA [ʂ]), has a [ɽ̊~ɽ̊r̥] sound in the <i>Mulaku dialect</i> and was once pronounced that way in official Maldivian. One of the most unusual features of <i>Mulaku dialect</i> is that, unlike other dialects, it distinguishes gender. Also, there are many remarkable differences in the dialect in place of the <i><a href="#sukun">sukun</a></i> system as well as the vowel or diacritical system following a distinctive set of rules. The <i>Mulaku</i> dialect also has <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowels</a>, which are unique only to this dialect.</li> <li><i>Huvadhu dialect</i>, spoken by the inhabitants of the large atoll of <a href="/wiki/Huvadhu_Atoll" title="Huvadhu Atoll">Huvadhu</a>, is another distinctive form of Maldivian. Because of the isolation from the Northern Atolls, and the capital of Malé, <i>Huvadhu dialect</i> makes more use of the retroflex /ʈ/ than other variants. <i>Huvadhu dialect</i> also retains old <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinhalese language">Sinhalese</a> words and is sometimes considered to be linguistically closer to Sinhalese than the other dialects of Maldivian. The Huvadhu dialect can be separated into two subdialects, the eastern and western Huvadhu dialects.</li> <li><i>Addu dialect</i> is also quite different from the official form of Maldivian and has some affinities with <i>Mulaku dialect</i>. In the past, Addu Atoll being a centre of education, the islanders from the three atolls of the south who acquired education there used <i>Addu dialect</i> as their lingua franca. Hence, when for example one of these islanders of any of the Huvadhu islands met with someone from Fuvahmulah, they would use <i>Addu dialect</i> to talk to each other. <i>Addu dialect</i> is the most widespread of the dialects of Maldivian. However, the secessionist government of the <a href="/wiki/United_Suvadive_Republic" title="United Suvadive Republic">Suvadives</a> (1959–1963) used <i>Malé dialect</i> in its official correspondence.</li> <li><i>Madifushi dialect</i> is the lesser known dialect in the Madifushi island of <a href="/wiki/Kolhumadulu_Atoll" title="Kolhumadulu Atoll">Kolhumadulu</a> and has some similarities with <i>Huvadhu dialect</i>. Word-final 'a' is often replaced with 'e' or 'o', and some final consonants also differ.</li></ul> <p>The letter Ṇaviyani (ޱ), which represented the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">retroflex <i>n</i></a> sound common to many Indic languages (<a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, etc.), was abolished from official documents in by Muhammad Amin in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ṇaviyani's former position in the Thaana alphabet, between the letters Gaafu and Seenu, is today occupied by the palatal nasal Ñaviyani (ޏ). It is still seen in reprints of traditional old books like the <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">Boḍu Tarutību</i></span> and official documents like the <i><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81dava%E1%B8%B7i" title="Rādavaḷi">Rādavaḷi</a></i>. It is also used by people of southern atolls when writing songs or poetry in their language variant. </p><p>According to Sonja Fritz, "the dialects of Maldivian represent different diachronial stages in the development of the language. Especially in the field of morphology, the amount of archaic features steadily increase from the north to the south. Within the three southernmost atolls (of the Maldives), the dialect of the Addu islands which form the southern tip of the whole archipelago is characterized by the highest degree of archaicity".<sup id="cite_ref-Fritz_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fritz-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Huvadhu Atoll dialect is characterized by the highest degree of archaicity. From Huvadhu Atoll the archaic features decrease toward the south and north. </p><p>Fritz also adds that "the different classes of verb conjugation and nominal inflection are best preserved there, morphological simplifications and, as a consequence increasing from atoll to atoll towards north (in the Maldives)". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spoken_and_literary_varieties">Spoken and literary varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spoken and literary varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maldivian presents another aspect with which English speakers are not too familiar: <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a>, the distinction between what is spoken and what is written. Every language that has a written form has this distinction to a greater or lesser degree, but many Asian languages, including Maldivian exhibit major differences between the two varieties of language. Malé dialect and Maliku dialect are the only dialects commonly used in writing. </p><p>Spoken Maldivian, for instance, has twenty-seven consonants. In contrast, written or literary Maldivian includes some Arabic sounds as well. Though these sounds are also used in speaking, their phonetics are not strictly observed. This results in pronunciation as close as possible to spoken Maldivian. </p><p>Regarding syntax, it may be said that every sentence in written Maldivian ends with the addition of <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">ve</i></span>, which is never used to end a sentence in spoken Maldivian. In using <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">ve</i></span> a strict word order also has to be maintained, but in spoken Maldivian word order is not considered to be very rigid. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="sukun"></span>One of the very important things one has to take into account in written Maldivian which is not so important in spoken Maldivian is the ‘<a href="/wiki/Sukun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukun">sukun</a>’ on the letters <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">alif</i></span> and <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">shaviyani</i></span>. <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">Sukun</i></span> in general is a mark to indicate an abrupt stop (vowel deletion) on the sound of the letter on which it is placed. However, if it is on a <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">shaviyani</i></span> or <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">alif</i></span> and comes within the word, the following consonant is geminated; if it comes on a <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">shaviyani</i></span> or <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">alif</i></span> at the end of a word, it signifies the glottal stop; if it comes on a <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">thaa</i></span>, the sound is replaced by a y off-glide; if it comes on a <i>noonu</i> at the end of a word, it indicates a velar nasal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system">Writing system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Writing system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Maldivian writing systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></div> <p>The Maldivian language has had its own script since very ancient times, most likely over two millennia, when Maldivian Buddhist monks translated and copied the Buddhist scriptures. It used to be written in the earlier form (Evēla) of the <a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a> ("Dhivehi/Maldivian letters") which are written from left to right. Dhives Akuru were used in all of the islands between the conversion to Islam and until the 18th century. These ancient Maldivian letters were also used in official correspondence with Addu Atoll until the early 20th century. Perhaps they were used in some isolated islands and rural communities until the 1960s, but the last remaining native user died in the 1990s. Today Maldivians rarely learn the Dhives Akuru alphabet, for Arabic is favoured as the second script.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maldivian is now written using a different script, called Taana or Thaana, written from right to left. This script is relatively recent. </p><p>The literacy rate of the Maldives is very high (98%) compared to other South Asian countries. Since the 1960s English has become the medium of education in most schools although they still have Maldivian language classes, but Maldivian is still the language used for the overall administration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Maldivian uses mainly the Thaana script for writing. It is an <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a>, with obligatory vowels derived from the vowel diacritics of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic abjad</a>. It is a largely <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemic</a> script: With a few minor exceptions, spelling can be predicted from pronunciation, and pronunciation from spelling. </p><p>The origins of Thaana are unique among the world's alphabets: The first nine letters (h–v) are derived from the Arabic numerals, whereas the next nine (m–d) were the local Indic numerals. (See <a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu–Arabic numerals</a>.) The remaining letters for loanwords (t–z) and Arabic transliteration are derived from phonetically similar native consonants by means of diacritics, with the exception of y (<span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ޔ</span></span>), which is derived from combining an <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">alifu</i></span> (<span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">އ</span></span>) and a <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vaavu</i></span> (<span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ވ</span></span>). This means that Thaana is one of the few alphabets not derived graphically from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Bronze_Age_alphabets" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Bronze Age alphabets">original Semitic alphabet</a> – unless the Indic numerals were (see <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_numeral" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi numeral">Brahmi numerals</a>). The Thaana alphabet (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">hā, shaviyani, nūnu, rā, bā</i></span>, ...) does not follow the ancient order of the other Indic scripts (like Tamil) or the order of the Arabic alphabet. </p><p>Thaana, like Arabic, is written <a href="/wiki/Right_to_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to left">right to left</a>. It indicates vowels with diacritic marks derived from Arabic. Each letter must carry either a vowel or a <i><a href="/wiki/Sukun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukun">sukun</a></i>, which indicates "no vowel". The only exception to this rule is <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">noonu</i></span> which, when written without a diacritic, indicates <a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prenasalized stop">prenasalisation</a> of a following <a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">stop</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> are written with diacritical signs called <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">fili</i></span>. There are five <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">fili</i></span> for short vowels (a, i, u, e, o), with the first three being identical to the <a href="/wiki/Harakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat">Arabic vowel signs</a> (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">fatha, kasra</i></span> and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">damma</i></span>). Long vowels (aa, ee, oo, ey, oa) are denoted by doubled <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">fili</i></span>, except oa, which is a modification of the short <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">obofili</i></span>. </p><p>The letter <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">alifu</i></span> represents the <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>. It has three different purposes: It can act as a carrier for a vowel, that is, a word-initial vowel or the second part of a <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a>; when it carries a <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">sukun</i></span>, it indicates <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">gemination</a> of the following consonant; and if <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">alifu</i></span>+<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">sukun</i></span> occurs at the end of a word, it indicates that the word ends in a glottal stop. Gemination of nasals, however, is indicated by <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">noonu</i></span>+<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">sukun</i></span> preceding the nasal to be geminated. </p><p>Maldivian is also written in "<a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9_Latin" title="Malé Latin">Malé Latin</a>" (most commonly used, such as when romanising place names). <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a> transliteration is also sometimes used, and also the <a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">Devanāgarī</a> script (almost never used in Maldives, but used in <a href="/wiki/Minicoy" title="Minicoy">Minicoy</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin_transliteration">Latin transliteration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Latin transliteration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9_Latin" title="Malé Latin">Malé Latin</a></div> <p>Towards the mid-1970s, during President <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Nasir" title="Ibrahim Nasir">Ibrahim Nasir</a>'s tenure, the Maldivian government introduced <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">telex</a> machines in the local administration. This was viewed as great progress, but the local Thaana script was deemed to be an obstacle because messages on the <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">telex machines</a> could only be written in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>. </p><p>Following this, in 1976 the government approved a new official Latin transliteration, <a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9_Latin" title="Malé Latin">Dhivehi Latin</a>, which was quickly implemented by the administration. Booklets were printed and dispatched to all Atoll and Island Offices, as well as schools and merchant liners. This was seen by many as the effective demise of the Thaana script. Clarence Maloney, an American anthropologist who was in the Maldives at the time of the change, lamented the inconsistencies of the "Dhivehi Latin" which ignored all previous linguistic research on the Maldivian language done by H.C.P. Bell and Wilhelm Geiger. He wondered why the modern <a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">Standard Indic transliteration</a> had not been considered. Standard Indic is a consistent script system that is well adapted to writing almost all languages of South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this scheme lacks a few sounds used in Maldivian. <a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a> has been used by <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Romero_Fr%C3%ADas" title="Xavier Romero Frías">Xavier Romero-Frias</a> to romanize Maldivian in his book <i>The Maldive Islanders - A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom</i>. </p><p>The government reinstated the Thaana script shortly after President <a href="/wiki/Maumoon_Abdul_Gayoom" title="Maumoon Abdul Gayoom">Maumoon</a> took power in 1978. There was widespread relief in certain places, especially rural areas, where the introduction of Latin had been regarded with suspicion. However, the Latin transcription of 1976 continues to be widely used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dictionary">Dictionary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dictionary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 412-page hard-back English–Maldivian dictionary, <i>A Maldivian Dictionary</i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hanby_Baillie_Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Hanby Baillie Reynolds">Christopher Hanby Baillie Reynolds</a>, was published on 22 July 2003 by <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a> and contains about 5000 individual entries. </p><p>Different islands due to distance have a slight variation in speech.Such as the huvadhu accent which from islands from thinadhoo to gadhoo have differences even though it's the same accent </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maldivian_phonology" title="Maldivian phonology">Maldivian phonology</a></div> <p>The sound system of Maldivian is similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> languages. Like other modern Indo-Aryan languages the Maldivian phonemic inventory shows an opposition of long and short vowels, of dental and retroflex consonants, and of single and <a href="/wiki/Geminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminate">geminate</a> consonants but no aspirates. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Vowels<sup id="cite_ref-:01_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">short</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">long</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">short</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">long</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">short</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">long</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="2">(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æː</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æː]</span> is developed as a sound from the diphthong <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ai/</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Consonants<sup id="cite_ref-:01_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiceless</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiced</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">prenasal</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵐb</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ⁿd̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᶯɖ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">ᵑɡ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiceless</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiced</span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Tap consonant">Tap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The status of /ɲ/ as a phoneme is unclear. Except for two words, /ɲamɲam/ <i><a href="/wiki/Cynometra_cauliflora" title="Cynometra cauliflora">cynometra cauliflora</a></i> (a kind of fruit) and /ɲaʋijani/ 'Gnaviyani' (alphabet letter), the /ɲ/ only occurs as the result of the fusion of /n/ and /i/: /du:ni/ 'bird', /du:ɲɲeʔ/ 'a bird'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a>/</span> can occasionally be heard as a fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>]</span>, it has a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span> allophone occurring between vowel sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morphology">Morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nouns">Nouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouns in Maldivian inflect for <a href="/wiki/Definiteness" title="Definiteness">definiteness</a>, number and case. Definiteness may be one of definite, indefinite or unspecified. Number may be singular or plural. Case may be one of <a href="/wiki/Nominative" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominative">nominative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dative" class="mw-redirect" title="Dative">dative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ablative" class="mw-redirect" title="Ablative">ablative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Genitive">genitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locative" class="mw-redirect" title="Locative">locative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumental_case" title="Instrumental case">instrumental</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nominative_case#Emphatic_case" title="Nominative case">emphatic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nominal_morphology">Nominal morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nominal morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nominal system of Maldivian comprises nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals as parts of speech. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maldivian uses two numeral systems. Both of them are identical up to 30. After 30, however, one system places the unit numeral stem before the decade, for example, <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">eh-thirees</i></span> '31' (<abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> "one and thirty") while the other combines the stem of the decade with the unit numeral, for example, <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">thirees-ekeh</i></span> '31' ("thirty + one"). The latter system also has numerals multiplied by ten for decades 70, 80 and 90. The decade <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">fas dholhas</i></span> '60' ("five twelves"), comes from a much older <a href="/wiki/Duodecimal" title="Duodecimal">duodecimal</a>, or dozen-based, system which has nearly disappeared. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbal_morphology">Verbal morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Verbal morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maldivian verbal system is characterised by a derivational relationship between active, causative and involitive/intransitive verb forms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_order">Word order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Word order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">word order</a> in Maldivian is not as rigid as in English, though changes in the order of words in a sentence may convey subtle differences in meaning. To ask for some fish in a market, one uses the following words: <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">mashah</i></span> (to me) <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">mas</i></span> (fish) <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vikkaa</i></span> (sell), which may be put in any of the following orders without a change in meaning: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-2"><div class="column"> <div style="position: relative"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">1)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mashah</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.me</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fish</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vikkaa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sell</p></div><p style="display: none;">mashah mas vikkaa</p><p style="display: none;">to.me fish sell</p><p style="clear: left;">Sell me fish.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">2)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fish</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mashah</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.me</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vikkaa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sell</p></div><p style="display: none;">mas mashah vikkaa</p><p style="display: none;">fish to.me sell</p><p style="clear: left;">Sell me fish.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">3)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fish</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vikkaa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sell</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-Latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mashah</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.me</p></div><p style="display: none;">mas vikkaa mashah</p><p style="display: none;">fish sell to.me</p><p style="clear: left;">Sell me fish.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1088965794"></div><div class="column"> <div style="position: relative"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">4)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mashah</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.me</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vikka</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sell</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fish</p></div><p style="display: none;">mashah vikka mas</p><p style="display: none;">to.me sell fish</p><p style="clear: left;">sell me fish</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">5)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vikka</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sell</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fish</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mashah</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.me</p></div><p style="display: none;">vikka mas mashah</p><p style="display: none;">sell fish to.me</p><p style="clear: left;">sell me fish</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">6)</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">vikka</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sell</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mashah</p><p style="margin: 0px;">to.me</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="dv-latn" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mas</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fish</p></div><p style="display: none;">vikka mashah mas</p><p style="display: none;">sell to.me fish</p><p style="clear: left;">sell me fish</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> </div> </div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <p>The word <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">mashah</i></span> (to me) may be dropped wherever the context makes it obvious. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loanwords">Loanwords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Loanwords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Speakers of Maldivian use a great many loanwords from many languages in their everyday conversation (see § <a href="#Vocabulary">Vocabulary</a>). The extent to which loan words are used varies between speakers, depending on their contacts with that language. Thus, those who have had an English education will tend to use a larger number of English words, while an average speaker with little or no contact with English will tend to use just a few. Some of these adopted words have now become so much part of the Maldivian language that there seem to be no other words that could replace them. </p><p>There are different ways by which loanwords are naturalised in Maldivian. This depends on whether the loanword refers to a person, a thing, or some kind of action. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Words_referring_to_persons">Words referring to persons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Words referring to persons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the loanword refers to a person, the following suffixes can be used: </p> <ul><li><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">eh</i></span>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indefinite#en-linguistics" class="extiw" title="wikt:indefinite">indefinite</a></li> <li><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">un</i></span>: plural</li></ul> <dl><dd>waiter (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">veitar</i></span>) + eh = a waiter (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">veitareh</i></span>)</dd> <dd>waiter (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">veitar</i></span>) + un = waiters (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">veitarun</i></span>)</dd></dl> <p>Among some of the most common words of this kind are the following: </p><p>actor (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">ektaru</i></span>), agent (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">ejentu</i></span>), ambassador (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">embesedaru</i></span>), architect (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">aakitektu</i></span>), bodyguard (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">bodeegaadu</i></span>), cashier (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">keyshiyaru</i></span>), director (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">direktaru, dairektaru</i></span>), doctor (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">daktaru</i></span>), driver (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">duraivaru</i></span>), guard (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">gaadu</i></span>), inspector (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">inspektaru</i></span>), manager (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">meneyjaru</i></span>), minister (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">ministaru</i></span>), operator (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">opareytaru</i></span>), producer (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">purodiusaru</i></span>), sergeant (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">saajentu</i></span>), servant (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">saaventu</i></span>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Words_referring_to_things">Words referring to things</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Words referring to things"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the loanword refers to a thing, the suffixes are </p> <ul><li><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">eh</i></span>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/indefinite#en-linguistics" class="extiw" title="wikt:indefinite">indefinite</a> singular</li> <li><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">uthah</i></span>: plural</li></ul> <dl><dd>car (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kaar</i></span>) + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">eh</i></span> = a car (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kaareh</i></span>)</dd> <dd>car (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kaar</i></span>) + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">uthah</i></span> = cars (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kaaruthah</i></span>)</dd></dl> <p>Some of the most commonly used words of this kind are the following: </p><p>bicycle (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">baisikalu</i></span>), bill (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">bilu</i></span>), cable (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">keybalu</i></span>), cake (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">keyku</i></span>), coat (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">koatu</i></span>), counter (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kauntaru</i></span>), parcel (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">paarisalu/paarusalu</i></span>), ticket (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">tiketu</i></span>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Words_referring_to_actions">Words referring to actions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Words referring to actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the loanword refers to some kind of action, the Maldivian word <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kure</i></span> (present), <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kuranee</i></span> (present continuous), <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">koffi</i></span> (present perfect), <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kuri</i></span> (past) or <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kuraane</i></span> (future) is added after it, if it is done intentionally, and <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">ve</i></span> (present), <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vanee</i></span> (present continuous), <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vejje</i></span> (present perfect), <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vi</i></span> (past) and <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vaane</i></span> (future) is added after it, if it happens to be unintentional or passive. For example, using <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> "cancel": </p> <dl><dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kurey</i></span> = cancel (as an order)</dd> <dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kuranee</i></span> = canceling</dd> <dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">koffi</i></span> = has been cancelled/cancelled</dd> <dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kuri</i></span> = cancelled</dd> <dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kuraane</i></span> = will cancel</dd> <dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vanee</i></span> = canceling (on its own) i.e. getting cancelled</dd> <dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vejje</i></span> = cancelled (on its own) i.e. got cancelled</dd> <dd><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kensal</i></span> + <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">vaane</i></span> = will cancel (on its own) i.e. will get cancelled</dd></dl> <p>Some examples: </p> <dl><dd>book (<span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">buk</i></span>) <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kuranee</i></span> = booking</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Levels_of_speech">Levels of speech</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Levels of speech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inherent in the Maldivian language is a form of elaborate class distinction expressed through three levels: The highest level, the <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">maaiy bas</i></span>, formerly used to address members of the royal family, is now commonly used to show respect. People use the second level <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">reethi bas</i></span> and third level <span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">aadhaige bas</i></span> in everyday life.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Maldivian_language" title="Special:EditPage/Maldivian language">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Maldivian contains many <a href="/wiki/Loan_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan word">loanwords</a> from other languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Word_origins">Word origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Word origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_South_Asia" title="Islam in South Asia">Islam in South Asia</a>, Persian and Arabic made a significant impact on Maldivian. It borrowed extensively from both languages, especially terms related to Islam and the judiciary. Some examples follow: </p> <ul><li><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">namādu</i></span></i> – "prayer" (from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language#Classical_Persian" title="Persian language">Classical Persian</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2#Persian" class="extiw" title="wikt:نماز"><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">namāz</i></span></a></i>)</li> <li><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">rōda</i></span></i> – "fasting" (from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language#Classical_Persian" title="Persian language">Classical Persian</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87#Persian" class="extiw" title="wikt:روزه"><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">rōza</i></span></a></i>)</li> <li><i>hā–"yes"</i></li> <li><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">mēzu</i></span></i> – "table" (from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language#Classical_Persian" title="Persian language">Classical Persian</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2#Persian" class="extiw" title="wikt:میز"><span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">mēz</i></span></a></i>)</li> <li><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">kāfaru</i></span></i> – "non-believer" (from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir"><i>kāfir</i></a>)</li> <li><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">tārīkh</i></span></i> – "date" or "history" (from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">tārīkh</i></span></i>)</li> <li><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">zarāfā</i></span></i> – "giraffe" (from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">zarāfah</i></span></i>)</li></ul> <p>French origin: </p> <ul><li><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">gili-gili</i></span> – "tickle-tickle" (from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i>guili-guili)</i></li></ul> <p>Portuguese influence in the language can be seen from the period of Portuguese colonial power in the region: </p> <ul><li><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">lonsi</i></span></i> – "hunting spear" (from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">lança</i></span></i>)</li></ul> <p>Maldivian has also borrowed words from <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and more recently, English (in particular many scientific and technological terms). </p><p>English words are also commonly used in the spoken language, for example "phone", "note", "radio", and <i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">soatu</i></span></i> ("shorts"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Some_common_phrases">Some common phrases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Some common phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <th>Maldivian phrase</th> <th>Transliteration</th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ޝުކުރިއްޔާ</span></span></td> <td><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">Shukuriyyaa</i></span></i></td> <td>Thank you </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">ނޫން</span></span></td> <td><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">Noon</i></span></i></td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">އެކުވެރިޔާ</span></span></td> <td><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">Ekuveriyaa</i></span></i></td> <td>Friend </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample">Sample</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sample"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a sample text in Maldivian, Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (by the United Nations): </p> <div lang="dv" dir="rtl"> <p><span title="Dhivehi-language text"><span lang="dv" dir="rtl">މާއްދާ 1 - ހުރިހާ އިންސާނުން ވެސް އުފަންވަނީ، ދަރަޖަ އާއި ޙައްޤު ތަކުގައި މިނިވަންކަމާއި ހަމަހަމަކަން ލިބިގެންވާ ބައެއްގެ ގޮތުގައެވެ. އެމީހުންނަށް ހެޔޮ ވިސްނުމާއި ހެޔޮ ބުއްދީގެ ބާރު ލިބިގެން ވެއެވެ. އަދި އެމީހުން އެކަކު އަނެކަކާ މެދު މުއާމަލާތް ކުރަންވާނީ އުޚުއްވަތްތެރި ކަމުގެ ރޫހެއް ގައެވެ.</span></span> </p> </div> <p>Romanization (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a>): </p> <dl><dd><i><span title="Dhivehi-language romanization"><i lang="dv-Latn">māddā 1 - hurihā insānun ves ufanvanī, darajaʾāi ḥaqqu takugai minivankamāi hamahamakan libigenvā baʾegge gotugaʾeve. Emīhunnaʾ heyo visnumāi heyo buddīge bāru libigenveʾeve. Adi emīhun ekaku anekakā medu muāmalāt kuranvānī uk͟huvvatteri kamuge rūheʾ gaʾeve.</i></span></i></dd></dl> <p>Gloss (word-for-word): </p> <dl><dd>Article 1 – All human-beings also are born, ranking and rights' in freedom and equality acquired people like. Them to good thinking and good brain's endowment acquired is. And they one another to communicate do should brotherhood's spirit with.</dd></dl> <p>Translation (grammatical): </p> <dl><dd>Article 1 – All human beings are born free and equal in ranking and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Information_technology">Information technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Information technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typography">Typography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Typography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in 1984, the Mahal Unit Press at <a href="/wiki/Minicoy" title="Minicoy">Minicoy</a> prints texts in Maldivian, among other languages. The press also publishes the <i>Lakshadweep Times</i> in three languages on a regular basis: Maldivian, English and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>. This unit is based in the main building, constructed in 1998. For the first time in the history of Lakshadweep, Maldivian was brought into the field of typography. </p><p>Activities: </p> <ul><li>Production of note books for the department of Education and Jawahar Navodaya School at Minicoy.</li> <li>Printing Maldivian textbooks for Standards I to IV.</li> <li>Undertaking printing work from the public on a payment basis.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonts">Fonts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Fonts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freely downloadable <a href="/wiki/Open-source_Unicode_typefaces" title="Open-source Unicode typefaces">open-source Unicode typefaces</a> featuring Thaana letters include <a href="/wiki/FreeSerif" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeSerif">FreeSerif</a> and MPH 2B Damase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Text_editors">Text editors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Text editors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of word processors are used to write Maldivian. Among them, the most popular is <a href="/wiki/MS_Word" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Word">Microsoft Word</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maldives_Sign_Language" title="Maldives Sign Language">Maldives Sign Language</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/div">Maldivian</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (27th ed., 2024) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glottolog&rft.atitle=Language%3A+Dhivehi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Fdhiv1236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4681688"><i>Minicoy Language Primer (Maliku Taana – Devana Foiy)</i></a>. January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minicoy+Language+Primer+%28Maliku+Taana+%E2%80%93+Devana+Foiy%29&rft.date=2006-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4681688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anydayguide.com/calendar/1898">"Dhivehi Language Day in the Maldives"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dhivehi+Language+Day+in+the+Maldives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanydayguide.com%2Fcalendar%2F1898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Romero-Frias" class="mw-redirect" title="Xavier Romero-Frias">Xavier Romero-Frias</a>, <i>The Maldive Islanders: A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fritz-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fritz_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fritz (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero-Frias2003" class="citation book cs1">Romero-Frias, Xavier (10 April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4643911"><i>The Maldivian Script. Volume One. (Divehi Akuru – 1)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maldivian+Script.+Volume+One.+%28Divehi+Akuru+%E2%80%93+1%29&rft.date=2003-04-10&rft.aulast=Romero-Frias&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4643911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/thaana.htm">"Maldivian language and alphabets"</a>. <i>omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Maldivian+language+and+alphabets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fthaana.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clarence Maloney. <i>People of the Maldive Islands</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:01-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:01_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:01_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGnanadesikan2017" class="citation book cs1">Gnanadesikan, Amalia E. (2017). <i>Dhivehi: The Language of the Maldives</i>. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dhivehi%3A+The+Language+of+the+Maldives&rft.pages=21-25&rft.pub=Berlin%3A+De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Gnanadesikan&rft.aufirst=Amalia+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Silva1970" class="citation journal cs1">De Silva, M W S (1970). "Some Observations on the History of Dhivehi". <i>Transactions of the Philological Society, London</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Philological+Society%2C+London&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+the+History+of+Dhivehi&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=De+Silva&rft.aufirst=M+W+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFritz2002" class="citation cs2">Fritz, Sonja (2002), <i>The Divehi Language: A Descriptive and Historical Grammar of the Maldivian and its Dialects</i>, Heidelberg</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Divehi+Language%3A+A+Descriptive+and+Historical+Grammar+of+the+Maldivian+and+its+Dialects&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Fritz&rft.aufirst=Sonja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVitharana1987" class="citation cs2">Vitharana, V (1987), <i>Sri Lanka – Maldivian Cultural Affinities</i>, Academy of Sri Lankan Culture</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka+%E2%80%93+Maldivian+Cultural+Affinities&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sri+Lankan+Culture&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Vitharana&rft.aufirst=V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCain2000" class="citation cs2">Cain, Bruce D (2000), <i>Divehi (Maldivian): A Synchronic and Diachronic study</i>, PhD thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at Cornell University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Divehi+%28Maldivian%29%3A+A+Synchronic+and+Diachronic+study&rft.pub=PhD+thesis+presented+to+the+Faculty+of+the+Graduate+School+at+Cornell+University&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Bruce+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrystal2000" class="citation cs2">Crystal, David (2000), <i>Language Death</i>, Cambridge University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Death&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeiger2001" class="citation journal cs1">Geiger, Wilhem (2001). "Maldivian Linguistic Studies". <i>Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Colombo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Ceylon+Branch+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society%2C+Colombo&rft.atitle=Maldivian+Linguistic+Studies&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Geiger&rft.aufirst=Wilhem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManik2000" class="citation cs2">Manik, Hassan Ahmed (2000), <i>A Concise Etymological Vocabulary of Dhivehi Language</i>, The Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, p. xxiv, 261</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+Etymological+Vocabulary+of+Dhivehi+Language&rft.pages=xxiv%2C+261&rft.pub=The+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Sri+Lanka&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Manik&rft.aufirst=Hassan+Ahmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad1999" class="citation cs2">Muhammad, Naseema (1999), <i>Dhivehi Writing Systems</i>, National Centre for Linguistic and Historical Research, Malé</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dhivehi+Writing+Systems&rft.pub=National+Centre+for+Linguistic+and+Historical+Research%2C+Mal%C3%A9&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Muhammad&rft.aufirst=Naseema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1974" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hanby_Baillie_Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Hanby Baillie Reynolds">Reynolds</a>, Christopher Hanby Baillie (1974). "Buddhism and the Maldivian Language". <i>Buddhist Studies in Honour of I. B. Horner, Dordrecht</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buddhist+Studies+in+Honour+of+I.+B.+Horner%2C+Dordrecht&rft.atitle=Buddhism+and+the+Maldivian+Language&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Christopher+Hanby+Baillie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2003" class="citation cs2">Reynolds, Christopher Hanby Baillie (2003), <i>A Maldivian Dictionary</i>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, London, p. 412, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415298087" title="Special:BookSources/9780415298087"><bdi>9780415298087</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Maldivian+Dictionary&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+London&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780415298087&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Christopher+Hanby+Baillie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero-Frias1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Romero-Frias" class="mw-redirect" title="Xavier Romero-Frias">Romero-Frias</a>, Xavier (1999), <i>The Maldive Islanders: A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom</i>, Nova Ethnographia Indica, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7254-801-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-7254-801-5"><bdi>84-7254-801-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maldive+Islanders%3A+A+Study+of+the+Popular+Culture+of+an+Ancient+Ocean+Kingdom&rft.pub=Nova+Ethnographia+Indica&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=84-7254-801-5&rft.aulast=Romero-Frias&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero-Frias2012" class="citation cs2">Romero-Frias, Xavier (2012), <i>Folk Tales of the Maldives</i>, NIAS Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7694-105-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7694-105-5"><bdi>978-87-7694-105-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folk+Tales+of+the+Maldives&rft.pub=NIAS+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-87-7694-105-5&rft.aulast=Romero-Frias&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWijesundera1988" class="citation cs2">Wijesundera; et al. (1988), <i>Historical and Linguistic Survey of the Dhivehi Language</i>, Final Report. University of Colombo, Sri Lanka</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+and+Linguistic+Survey+of+the+Dhivehi+Language&rft.pub=Final+Report.+University+of+Colombo%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Wijesundera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaldivian+language" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldivian_language&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">For a list of words relating to Maldivian language, see the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Maldivian_language" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Maldivian language"><i><b>Maldivian language</b></i> category of words</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="dv:"> Divehi edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Maldivian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Maldivian">Maldivian</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Divehi_language" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Divehi language">Divehi language</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Dhivehi_phrasebook#Q32656" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Dhivehi phrasebook">Dhivehi</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/maldives_dictionary/maldives_dictionary.pdf">English–Dhivehi Dictionary</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dhivehiacademy.edu.mv/">Dhivehi Academy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416201154/http://www.lakshadweep.nic.in/depts/press/unit_presses.htm">Mahal Unit Press Minicoy</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.0/ch08.pdf">Unicode standard for Middle Eastern scripts</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maldives_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maldives_topics" title="Template:Maldives topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maldives_topics" title="Template talk:Maldives topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maldives_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maldives topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maldives_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldives-related_topics" title="List of Maldives-related topics">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maldives" title="History of the Maldives">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_(Maldives)" title="National Museum (Maldives)">Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_Maldives" title="Folklore of the Maldives">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koimala" title="Koimala">Koimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Maldives">Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maldivian_dynasties" title="Category:Maldivian dynasties">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Maldivian_constitutional_referendum" title="1952 Maldivian constitutional referendum">1952 republic referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Maldivian_constitutional_referendum" title="1953 Maldivian constitutional referendum">1953 monarchy referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Maldivian_constitutional_referendum" title="1968 Maldivian constitutional referendum">1968 republic referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Maldives_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Maldives coup d'état attempt">1988 coup d'état attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Maldives_civil_unrest" title="2003 Maldives civil unrest">2003 civil unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(2004)" title="Black Friday (2004)">2004 Black Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Maldives_civil_unrest" title="2005 Maldives civil unrest">2005 civil unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Maldivian_presidential_election" title="2008 Maldivian presidential election">2008 Multi-party democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Maldives_political_crisis" title="2011–2013 Maldives political crisis">2011–13 political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Maldives" title="Emblem of Maldives"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem_of_Maldives.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem_of_Maldives.svg/150px-Emblem_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Emblem_of_Maldives.svg/200px-Emblem_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atolls_of_the_Maldives" title="Atolls of the Maldives">Atolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channels_of_the_Maldives" title="Channels of the Maldives">Channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives#Climate" title="Geography of the Maldives">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Maldives" title="Climate change in the Maldives">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Maldives" title="List of islands of the Maldives">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_the_Maldives" title="List of cities, towns and villages in the Maldives">Towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Maldives" title="Wildlife of the Maldives">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_wildlife_of_Baa_Atoll" title="Marine wildlife of Baa Atoll">Baa Atoll UNESCO biosphere reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Maldives" title="Politics of the Maldives">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Maldives" title="Administrative divisions of the Maldives">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Maldives" title="Cabinet of the Maldives">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Maldives" title="Constitution of the Maldives">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Maldives" title="Elections in the Maldives">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Maldives" title="Foreign relations of the Maldives">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_in_the_Maldives" title="Category:Human rights in the Maldives">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Maldives" title="Judiciary of the Maldives">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Maldives" title="Law enforcement in the Maldives">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Majlis" title="People's Majlis"><i>Majlis</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Maldives" title="List of political parties in the Maldives">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maldives" title="President of the Maldives">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Maldives" title="Economy of the Maldives">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_aid_to_the_Maldives" title="Economic aid to the Maldives">Economic aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_Maldives" title="Fishing industry in the Maldives">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industries_in_Maldives" title="Industries in Maldives">Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_rufiyaa" title="Maldivian rufiyaa">Rufiyaa <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives_Stock_Exchange" title="Maldives Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Maldives" title="Telecommunications in the Maldives">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Maldives" title="Tourism in the Maldives">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Maldives" title="Transport in the Maldives">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Maldives" title="List of airports in the Maldives">Airports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maldivians" title="Maldivians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaumii_Salaam" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaumii Salaam">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Maldives" title="Crime in the Maldives">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_cuisine" title="Maldivian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Maldives" title="Culture of the Maldives">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Maldives">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Maldives" title="Education in the Maldives">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Health in Maldives">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Maldives">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Maldives">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Maldives" title="Names of the Maldives">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Maldives" title="Islam in Maldives">Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Maldives" title="Music of the Maldives">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_the_Maldives" title="Category:Sport in the Maldives">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Maldives" title="Television in the Maldives">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_diaspora" title="Maldivian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_Maldives" title="List of newspapers in the Maldives">Newspapers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Maldives" title="Outline of Maldives">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldives-related_topics" title="List of Maldives-related topics">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Maldives" title="Category:Maldives">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indo-Aryan_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Template:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Template talk:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Aryan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indo-Aryan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kashmiri</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishtwari" title="Kishtwari">Kishtwari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokskat" title="Brokskat">Brokskat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkoti_language" title="Kalkoti language">Kalkoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pashayi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashayi_languages" title="Pashayi languages">Pashayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kunar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dameli_language" title="Dameli language">Dameli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawar-Bati_language" title="Gawar-Bati language">Gawar-Bati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangalami_language" title="Nangalami language">Nangalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumashti_language" title="Shumashti language">Shumashti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotapuri-Katarqalai_language" title="Wotapuri-Katarqalai language">Wotapuri-Katarqalai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chitral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalasha-mun" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalasha-mun">Kalasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar" title="Khowar">Khowar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hazara Division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Kohistani" title="Indus Kohistani">Indus Kohistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateri_language" title="Bateri language">Bateri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilisso_language" title="Chilisso language">Chilisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowro_language" title="Gowro language">Gowro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalami language">Kalami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirahi_language" title="Tirahi language">Tirahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankiyali_language" title="Mankiyali language">Mankiyali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Northern Indo-Aryan languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doteli" title="Doteli">Doteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumli_language" title="Jumli language">Jumli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_language" title="Kumaoni language">Kumaoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Pahari" title="Western Pahari">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangri_language" title="Kangri language">Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadarwahi_language" title="Bhadarwahi language">Bhadarwahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churahi" title="Churahi">Churahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhateali" title="Bhateali">Bhateali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspuri" title="Bilaspuri">Bilaspuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambeali" title="Chambeali">Chambeali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaddi_language" title="Gaddi language">Gaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangwali" title="Pangwali">Pangwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeali" title="Mandeali">Mandeali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasu_Pahari" title="Mahasu Pahari">Mahasu Pahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunsari_language" title="Jaunsari language">Jaunsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kullui" title="Kullui">Kullui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari_Kinnauri_language" title="Pahari Kinnauri language">Pahari Kinnauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduri_language" title="Hinduri language">Hinduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmauri_language" title="Sirmauri language">Sirmauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarazi_language" title="Sarazi language">Sarazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Punjabi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lahnda" title="Lahnda">Lahnda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inku_language" title="Inku language">Inku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khetrani_language" title="Khetrani language">Khetrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_languages" title="Sindhi languages">Sindhi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jadgali_language" title="Jadgali language">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholosi_language" title="Kholosi language">Kholosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutchi_language" title="Kutchi language">Kutchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwati_language" title="Luwati language">Luwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memoni_language" title="Memoni language">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_languages" title="Gujarati languages">Gujarati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisan_ud-Dawat" title="Lisan ud-Dawat">Lisan ud-Dawat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jandavra_language" title="Jandavra language">Jandavra</a></li> <li>Koli <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kachi_Koli_language" title="Kachi Koli language">Kachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadiyara_Koli_language" title="Wadiyara Koli language">Wadiyara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_language" title="Saurashtra language">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaghri_language" title="Vaghri language">Vaghri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaria_language" title="Goaria language">Goaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loarki_language" title="Loarki language">Loarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhundari_language" title="Dhundari language">Dhundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harauti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Harauti language">Harauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewati_language" title="Mewati language">Mewati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhawati_language" title="Shekhawati language">Shekhawati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhatki_language" title="Dhatki language">Dhatki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Od_language" title="Od language">Od</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimadi_language" title="Nimadi language">Nimadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bhil_languages" title="Bhil languages">Bhil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilali_language" title="Bhilali language">Bhilali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chodri_language" title="Chodri language">Chodri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhodia%E2%80%93Kukna_language" title="Dhodia–Kukna language">Dhodia–Kukna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanki_language" title="Dhanki language">Dhanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubli_language" title="Dubli language">Dubli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauria_language" title="Bauria language">Bauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilori_language" title="Bhilori language">Bhilori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawchi_language" title="Mawchi language">Mawchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magari_language" title="Magari language">Magari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palya_Bareli_language" title="Palya Bareli language">Palya Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauri_Bareli_language" title="Pauri Bareli language">Pauri Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathwi_Bareli_language" title="Rathwi Bareli language">Rathwi Bareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardhi_language" title="Pardhi language">Pardhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamit_language" title="Gamit language">Gamit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalto_language" title="Kalto language">Kalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasavi_language" title="Vasavi language">Vasavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagdi" title="Wagdi">Wagdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaagri_Booli_language" title="Vaagri Booli language">Vaagri Booli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_language" title="Dawoodi language">Dawoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Romani_languages" title="Template:Romani languages">list of languages</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Central Indo-Aryan languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braj_Bhasha" title="Braj Bhasha">Braj Bhasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeli_language" title="Bundeli language">Bundeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kauravi_dialect" title="Kauravi dialect">Kauravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinglish" title="Hinglish">Hinglish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Urdish" title="Urdish">Urdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judeo-Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabadi_Urdu" title="Hyderabadi Urdu">Hyderabadi Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekhta" title="Rekhta">Rekhta</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannauji_language" title="Kannauji language">Kannauji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_language" title="Sansi language">Sansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhukkadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadhukkadi">Sadhukkadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagheli_language" title="Bagheli language">Bagheli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parya_language" title="Parya language">Parya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Eastern Indo-Aryan languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bihari_languages" title="Bihari languages">Bihari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bhojpuric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Caribbean Hindustani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magahi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortha_language" title="Khortha language">Khortha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maithili</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sadanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmali_language" title="Kurmali language">Kurmali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tharuic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_languages" title="Tharu languages">Tharu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochila_Tharu" title="Kochila Tharu">Kochila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buksa_language" title="Buksa language">Buksa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhi_language" title="Majhi language">Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musasa_language" title="Musasa language">Musasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumhali_language" title="Kumhali language">Kumhali</a></li> <li>Kuswaric <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bote-Darai_language" title="Bote-Darai language">Bote-Darai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danwar_language" title="Danwar language">Danwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gauda%E2%80%93Kamarupa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda–Kamarupa languages">Gauda–<br />Kamarupa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bengali</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_dialects" title="Bengali dialects">dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_Thar_language" title="Kharia Thar language">Kharia Thar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmukar_language" title="Kurmukar language">Kurmukar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Paharia_language" title="Mal Paharia language">Mal Paharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhailla_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Noakhailla language">Noakhailla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_language" title="Tanchangya language">Tanchangya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kamarupic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamrupi_dialects" title="Kamrupi dialects">Kamrupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalpariya_dialects" title="Goalpariya dialects">Goalpariya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbanshi_language_(Nepal)" title="Rajbanshi language (Nepal)">Rajbanshi (Nepal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rangpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjapuri_language" title="Surjapuri language">Surjapuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chittagonian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagonian_language" title="Chittagonian language">Chittagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Odia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_language" title="Sambalpuri language">Sambalpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desia_language" title="Desia language">Desia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatri_language" title="Bhatri language">Bhatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Parja_language" title="Bodo Parja language">Bodo Parja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reli_language" title="Reli language">Reli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupia_language" title="Kupia language">Kupia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Halbic_languages" title="Halbic languages">Halbic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halbi_language" title="Halbi language">Halbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamar_language" title="Kamar language">Kamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhunjia_language_(Halbic)" title="Bhunjia language (Halbic)">Bhunjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahari_language" title="Nahari language">Nahari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marathi-Konkani_languages" title="Marathi-Konkani languages">Marathi–<br />Konkani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marathic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andh_language" title="Andh language">Andh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berar-Deccan_Marathi" title="Berar-Deccan Marathi">Berar Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varli_language" title="Varli language">Varli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phudagi_language" title="Phudagi language">Phudagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katkari_language" title="Katkari language">Katkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadodi_language" title="Kadodi language">Kadodi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konkanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrian_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtrian Konkani">Maharashtrian Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarese_Konkani" title="Canarese Konkani">Canarese Konkani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Sanskrit" title="Vedic Sanskrit">Vedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Sanskrit">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_superstrate_in_Mitanni" title="Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni">Mitanni superstrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Middle Indo-Aryan languages">Middle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Prakrit" title="Ashokan Prakrit">Ashokan Prakrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit" title="Ardhamagadhi Prakrit">Early Ardhamagadhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle (<a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Hybrid_Sanskrit" title="Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit">Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dramatic_Prakrit" title="Dramatic Prakrit">Dramatic Prakrits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardhamagadhi_Prakrit" title="Ardhamagadhi Prakrit">Ardhamagadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadhi_Prakrit" title="Magadhi Prakrit">Magadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtri_Prakrit" title="Maharashtri Prakrit">Maharashtri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shauraseni_Prakrit" title="Shauraseni Prakrit">Shauraseni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhari_language" title="Gandhari language">Gāndhārī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudi_Prakrit" title="Gaudi Prakrit">Gaudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paishachi" title="Paishachi">Paishachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late (<a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abahattha" title="Abahattha">Abahattha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apabhra%E1%B9%83%C5%9Ba" title="Apabhraṃśa">Apabhraṃśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elu" title="Elu">Elu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarupi_Prakrit" title="Kamarupi Prakrit">Kamarupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasa_Prakrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Khasa Prakrit language">Khasa Prakrit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_language" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian language">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Aryan_language" title="Proto-Indo-Aryan language">Proto-Indo-Aryan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badeshi" title="Badeshi">Badeshi</a> (unknown further classification)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazigar_language" title="Bazigar language">Bazigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinali%E2%80%93Lahul_languages" title="Chinali–Lahul languages">Chinali–Lahul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinali_language" title="Chinali language">Chinali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahul_Lohar_language" title="Lahul Lohar language">Lahul Lohar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhgal" title="Sheikhgal">Sheikhgal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgins<br />and creoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Creole_Hindi" title="Andaman Creole Hindi">Andaman Creole Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Hindi" title="Bombay Hindi">Bombay Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haflong_Hindi" title="Haflong Hindi">Haflong Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamese_creole" title="Nagamese creole">Nagamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefamese" title="Nefamese">Nefamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda_language" title="Vedda language">Vedda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian languages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nuristani_languages" title="Nuristani languages">Nuristani languages</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a></dd></dl> 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