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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragvajaus_ind%C4%97nai" title="Paragvajaus indėnai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paragvajaus indėnai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Парагвајци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парагвајци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragvajci" title="Paragvajci – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paragvajci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" 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class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pai_Tavytera_Indians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pai_Tavytera_Indians.jpg/260px-Pai_Tavytera_Indians.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pai_Tavytera_Indians.jpg/390px-Pai_Tavytera_Indians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pai_Tavytera_Indians.jpg/520px-Pai_Tavytera_Indians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pai_Tavytera_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pai Tavytera people">Pai Tavytera people</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amambay_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Amambay Department">Amambay Department</a>, 2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ind%C3%ADgenas_en_Paraguay.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ind%C3%ADgenas_en_Paraguay.png/220px-Ind%C3%ADgenas_en_Paraguay.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Ind%C3%ADgenas_en_Paraguay.png 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>Indigenous people in Paraguay</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paraguay_3195.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paraguay_3195.jpg/220px-Paraguay_3195.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paraguay_3195.jpg/330px-Paraguay_3195.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Paraguay_3195.jpg/440px-Paraguay_3195.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary Paraguayan Native village, 2003</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Indigenous peoples in Paraguay</b>, or <b>Native Paraguayans</b>, include 17 ethnic groups belonging to five <a href="/wiki/Language_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Language families">language families</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-paho_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-every_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-every-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While only a 1.7% of <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>'s population is fully indigenous, 75% of the population identifies as being partially of indigenous descent;<sup id="cite_ref-cia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the majority do not identify as being indigenous but as <a href="/wiki/Mestizos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestizos">Mestizos</a>. Most of the native population lives in the northwestern part of the country, the <a href="/wiki/Gran_Chaco" title="Gran Chaco">Gran Chaco</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Second National Indigenous Census, conducted in 2002, recording approximately 87,099 people, or 1.7% of the country's population, as being indigenous;<sup id="cite_ref-paho_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, as many as 75% of the <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguayan</a> population is <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a>, that is of partial Amerindian descent.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the late 20th century, the indigenous population is growing faster than the rest of the population. As of 2002, 47.1% of the native population was 14 years old or younger.<sup id="cite_ref-paho_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlement">Settlement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toba_chieftain_1892.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Toba_chieftain_1892.jpg/170px-Toba_chieftain_1892.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Toba_chieftain_1892.jpg/255px-Toba_chieftain_1892.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Toba_chieftain_1892.jpg/340px-Toba_chieftain_1892.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Toba_people" title="Toba people">Toba</a> chief, wives, and child, <a href="/wiki/Paraguai_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguai River">Paraguai River</a>, 1892</figcaption></figure> <p>An increasing percentage of the registered indigenous population lives in the northwestern region of Paraguay. The 1981 census reported 32.8% of the indigenous peoples living there, while 44.2% lived there in 1992, and 50.7% in 2002. The majority of indigenous peoples live in rural areas in 412 indigenous communities.<sup id="cite_ref-paho_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indigenous reserves are in place to protect <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples" title="Uncontacted peoples">uncontacted peoples</a> and other isolated communities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Paraguay" title="Languages of Paraguay">Languages of Paraguay</a></div> <p>Indigenous Paraguayan languages belong to five language families: <a href="/wiki/Guarani_languages" title="Guarani languages">Guarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guaicuruan_languages" title="Guaicuruan languages">Guaycuru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mascoian_languages" title="Mascoian languages">Maskoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mataco-Mataguayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mataco-Mataguayo">Mataco-Mataguayo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zamucoan_languages" title="Zamucoan languages">Zamuco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-paho_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guarani language</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, is an official language of Paraguay and is spoken by 90% of the population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Literacy rates are low among indigenous peoples in Paraguay, who have an illiteracy rate of 51% compared to the 7.1% rate of the general population.<sup id="cite_ref-paho_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Access to clean drinking water is a major challenge. Only 2.5% of Paraguay's indigenous population has access to drinking water and only 9.5% have electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-paho_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paho-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tribes">Tribes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tribes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ach%C3%A9" title="Aché">Aché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abip%C3%B3n" title="Abipón">Abipón</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayoreo people">Ayoreo</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chané people">Chané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamacoco_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamacoco people">Chamacoco</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Ishir_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishir people">Ishir</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebytoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebytoso">Ebytoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1raho" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáraho">Tomáraho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirip%C3%A1_people" title="Chiripá people">Chiripá</a><sup id="cite_ref-every_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-every-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chorote&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chorote (page does not exist)">Chorote</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guana_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guana people">Guana</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengua_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengua people">Lengua</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enxet" title="Enxet">Enxet</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacl%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nivaclé people">Nivaclé</a><sup id="cite_ref-every_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-every-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chulup%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Chulupí">Chulupí</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mac%C3%A1_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macá people (page does not exist)">Macá</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbay%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbayá people">Mbayá</a><sup id="cite_ref-every_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-every-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pai_Tavytera_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pai Tavytera people">Pai-Tavyter</a><sup id="cite_ref-every_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-every-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanapan%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanapaná people">Sanapaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_people" title="Toba people">Toba</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamuco" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamuco">Zamuco</a><sup id="cite_ref-lang_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/32px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/48px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/64px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Paraguay" title="Portal:Paraguay">Paraguay portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/30px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/45px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg/60px-MAYA-g-log-cal-D10-Ok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="299" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_War" title="Guaraní War">Guaraní War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Juliana" title="India Juliana">India Juliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Indian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguayan Indian art">Paraguayan Indian art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-paho-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-paho_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paho_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paho_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paho_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paho_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paho_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-paho_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paho.org/english/dd/ais/cp_600.htm">"Paraguay."</a> <i>Pan-American Health Organization.</i> (retrieved 12 July 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-every-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-every_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-every_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-every_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-every_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-every_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Paraguay.html">"Paraguay."</a> <i>Countries and Their Cultures.</i> (retrieved 12 July 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/paraguay/">"Paraguay: Ethnic Groups."</a> <i>CIA: The World Factbook.</i> (retrieved 12 July 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDimitri_Selibas2023" class="citation news cs1">Dimitri Selibas (5 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/07/bill-stripping-perus-isolated-indigenous-people-of-land-and-protections-scrapped/">"Bill stripping Peru's isolated Indigenous people of land and protections scrapped"</a>. <i>Mongabay</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mongabay&rft.atitle=Bill+stripping+Peru%E2%80%99s+isolated+Indigenous+people+of+land+and+protections+scrapped&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft.au=Dimitri+Selibas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mongabay.com%2F2023%2F07%2Fbill-stripping-perus-isolated-indigenous-people-of-land-and-protections-scrapped%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndigenous+peoples+in+Paraguay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lang-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.native-languages.org/paraguay.htm">"Native American Tribes of Paraguay."</a> <i>Native Languages.</i> (retrieved 12 July 2011)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_peoples_in_Paraguay&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indi.gov.py/">Instituto Paraguayo del Indigena</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/paraguay039s-indigenous-peoples-peril-20090331">"Paraguay's Indigenous Peoples in Peril"</a>, Amnesty International</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018235042/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,PRY,4562d94e2,469f3ac015,0.html">Assessment for Indigenous Peoples in Paraguay</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090907215711/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=47934">Indigenous Squatter Communities Organise Self-Help</a>, InterPress Service Agency</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" title="Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Paraguay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" title="Template talk:Ancestry and ethnicity in Paraguay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancestry and ethnicity in Paraguay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Ancestry_and_ethnicity_in_Paraguay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Paraguay#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Paraguay">Ancestry and ethnicity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indigenous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ach%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Aché people">Aché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angait%C3%A9_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Angaité people">Angaité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoreo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayoreo people">Ayoreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamacoco" title="Chamacoco">Chamacoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choroti" class="mw-redirect" title="Choroti">Choroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enxet_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Enxet people">Enxet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaycuru_peoples" title="Guaycuru peoples">Guaycuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkijwas" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkijwas">Inkijwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Maká">Maká</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbay%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbayá people">Mbayá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivacl%C3%A9" title="Nivaclé">Nivaclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pai_Tavytera_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pai Tavytera people">Pai Tavytera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payagu%C3%A1_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Payaguá people">Payaguá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanapan%C3%A1" title="Sanapaná">Sanapaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_people" title="Toba people">Toba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrants and expatriates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Paraguay&#124;link=Paraguay_Immigration_to_Paraguay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Template:Immigration to Paraguay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Template talk:Immigration to Paraguay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Immigration to Paraguay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Paraguay&#124;link=Paraguay_Immigration_to_Paraguay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Paraguay" title="Immigration to Paraguay">Immigration to Paraguay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_estadounidense_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración estadounidense en Paraguay">Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasiguayos" title="Brasiguayos">Brazilians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_mexicana_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración mexicana en Paraguay">Mexicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguayans in Paraguay">Uruguayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelans in Paraguay">Venezuelans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arabs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_migration_to_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese migration to Paraguay">Lebanese</a></li> <li>Syrians</li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_china_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración china en Paraguay">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paraguayans" title="Japanese Paraguayans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Paraguay" title="Koreans in Paraguay">Koreans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_austr%C3%ADaca_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración austríaca en Paraguay">Austrians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_vasca_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración vasca en Paraguay">Basques</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_brit%C3%A1nica_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración británica en Paraguay">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_people_in_Paraguay" title="English people in Paraguay">English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_croata_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración croata en Paraguay">Croatians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_checa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración checa en Paraguay">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_francesa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración francesa en Paraguay">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Paraguay">Germans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_Paraguay" title="Mennonites in Paraguay">Mennonites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_griega_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración griega en Paraguay">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_h%C3%BAngara_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración húngara en Paraguay">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Italians in Paraguay">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_irlandesa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración irlandesa en Paraguay">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Paraguayan" title="Polish Paraguayan">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_rusa_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración rusa en Paraguay">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_espa%C3%B1ola_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración española en Paraguay">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmigraci%C3%B3n_suiza_en_Paraguay" class="extiw" title="es:Inmigración suiza en Paraguay">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Paraguay" title="Ukrainians in Paraguay">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Paraguayans" title="Afro-Paraguayans">Africans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Paraguayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Paraguayan">Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay" title="History of the Jews in Paraguay">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Paraguay" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Paraguay">Category:Ethnic groups in Paraguay</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #FFDD99"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Indigenous peoples of the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Indigenous peoples of the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous peoples of the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Pre-history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Classification of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_the_Americas" title="Archaeology of the Americas">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean_hypothesis" title="Solutrean hypothesis">Solutrean hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Americas_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/180px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/240px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Mythology/Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Mythologies</a>‎ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_deities" title="List of Native American deities">List of deities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_pre-Columbian_cultures" title="Human sacrifice in pre-Columbian cultures">Human sacrifice</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arborglyph" title="Arborglyph">Arborglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_World_(mythology)" title="Fifth World (mythology)">Fifth World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_man" title="Medicine man">Medicine man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_red_road" title="The red road">The red road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totem_pole" title="Totem pole">Totem pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Island" title="Turtle Island">Turtle Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">Mesoamerica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">Common</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_cosmovision" title="Mesoamerican cosmovision">Cosmovision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_creation_myths" title="Mesoamerican creation myths">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_world_tree" title="Mesoamerican world tree">World tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Inca_Empire" title="Religion in the Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Muisca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Columbian_cultures" title="List of pre-Columbian cultures">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_civilizations" title="Andean civilizations">Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_cultures_of_Colombia" title="Pre-Columbian cultures of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_Ecuador" title="Pre-Columbian Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodization_of_pre-Columbian_Peru" title="Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Art" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_art" title="Pre-Columbian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_North_America" title="Indigenous music of North America">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Visual arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Painting_in_the_Americas_before_European_colonization" title="Painting in the Americas before European colonization">Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_artists_of_the_Americas" title="List of Indigenous artists of the Americas">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_writers_of_the_Americas" title="List of Indigenous writers of the Americas">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">European<br />colonization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Population history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_exchange" title="Columbian exchange">Columbian exchange</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Modern groups<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#North_America" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#Belize" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Costa_Rica" title="Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinago" title="Kalinago">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Honduras" title="Indigenous peoples of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Mexico" title="Indigenous peoples of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Nicaragua" title="Indigenous peoples of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Panama" title="Indigenous peoples of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_First_Peoples_Community" title="Santa Rosa First Peoples Community">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#FFDD99"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">South America</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="List of Indigenous peoples of South America">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina" title="Indigenous peoples in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Bolivia" title="Indigenous peoples in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Chile" title="Indigenous peoples in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Ecuador" title="Indigenous peoples in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Peru" title="Indigenous peoples of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Suriname" title="Indigenous peoples in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Uruguay" title="Indigenous peoples in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Venezuela" title="Indigenous peoples in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFDD99;width:1%;line-height:1.3em;background:#FFDD99">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_ethnobotany" title="Native American ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_ethnobotany" title="Cherokee ethnobotany">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_ethnobotany" title="Iroquois ethnobotany">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_ethnobotany" title="Navajo ethnobotany">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_ethnobotany" title="Zuni ethnobotany">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_identity_in_the_United_States" title="Native American identity in the United States">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_movements_in_the_Americas" title="Indigenous movements in the Americas">Movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_American_philosophy" title="Indigenous American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_studies" title="Native American studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_trade" title="Native American trade">Trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deerskin_trade" title="Deerskin trade">Deerskin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_popular_culture" title="Native Americans in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #FFDD99"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_peoples_in_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_peoples_in_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Ecuador" title="Indigenous peoples in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Guyana" title="Indigenous peoples in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Suriname" title="Indigenous peoples in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Uruguay" title="Indigenous peoples in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Venezuela" title="Indigenous peoples in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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