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<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pay scale for cotton workers</div> <p><b>Piece-rate lists</b> were the ways of assessing a <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton operatives</a> pay in <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They started as informal agreements made by one cotton master and their operatives then each cotton town developed their own list. Spinners merged all of these into two main lists which were used by all, while weavers used one 'unified' list.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham200817_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham200817-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_to_the_industry">Background to the industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background to the industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton spinning mills</a> in Derbyshire and later in Manchester and Lancashire used <a href="/wiki/Spinning_jenny" title="Spinning jenny">cotton-jennies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinning_mule" title="Spinning mule">mules</a>. The proprietors put out the spun cotton to <a href="/wiki/Hand_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand loom">hand loom weavers</a> who wove it into pieces for which they were paid. In the <a href="/wiki/Pennines" title="Pennines">Pennine counties</a> many established <a href="/wiki/Woollen" class="mw-redirect" title="Woollen">woollen</a> weavers switched their <a href="/wiki/Handloom" class="mw-redirect" title="Handloom">looms</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> and more entrepreneurs invested in <a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Lancashire" title="List of mills in Lancashire">cotton spinning mills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199624_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199624-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When cast iron <a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">power looms</a> became reliable, the mill-owners added <a href="/wiki/Weaving_shed" title="Weaving shed">weaving sheds</a> to their mills then employed relatively unskilled women and children (half-timers). Each minded <a href="/wiki/Four_Loom_Weaver" title="Four Loom Weaver">four looms</a> while a skilled tackler gaited the looms and kept them tuned. Mule-spinners and power loom weavers were also being paid by piece. </p><p>As the 18th century progressed each town developed a different specialism. Oldham was a spinning town producing <a href="/wiki/Cotton_count" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton count">fine counts</a> while <a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a> did coarse. <a href="/wiki/Burnley" title="Burnley">Burnley</a> became a weaving town, producing plain <a href="/wiki/Calico_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calico (textile)">calicos</a> for printing, while but <a href="/wiki/Blackburn" title="Blackburn">Blackburn</a> did fancies using <a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard looms</a>. In the 20th century there was consolidation into larger units of production. To the north-east thousand-loom sheds were built while to the south we saw the quarter of a million spindles Edwardian ring spinning mills.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemory20131_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemory20131-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ring spinners were usually paid by the hour not the piece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="What_is_a_list">What is a list</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: What is a list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the calculation of wages piece-rate lists were universally employed as regards the payment of full weavers and mule-spinners; some piecers got a definite share of the total wage thus assigned to a pair of mules, while others were paid a fixed weekly amount. Many ring-spinners were mainly paid an hourly wage. Other operatives were almost universally so paid by list, with the exception of the hands in the blowing-room and on the carding-machines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Individually negotiating with the spinner or weaver how much should be paid for each job clearly was not feasible and a table listing the payment for each task was drawn up by each employer. As operatives then moved to the proprietor who paid the most, 'lists' were put together to agree a standard between mills and sheds in a neighbourhood. The list ensured uniformity of treatment and became an item that demanded vigorous discussion to ensure the differentials were maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemory20131_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemory20131-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spinning and weaving lists were most complicated; discounts were made in them for most incidents beyond the operatives' control. They could not cover all circumstances however, so much was left as to the manner of their application to private arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest wages were earned by <a href="/wiki/Mule_spinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Mule spinning">mule-spinners</a> (who were all males); their assistants, known as <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution#Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution">piecers</a>, were more poorly paid. Piecers would hope to eventually become "minders", i.e. mule-spinners in charge of mules. The division of the total wage paid on a pair of mules between the minder and the piecers was largely the result of the policy of the spinners' <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a>. Almost without exception in Lancashire one minder took charge of a pair of mules with two or three piecers assisting. The wage of fine spinners about 25 to 35 above that of a coarse weaver.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911102_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weavers</a> there was no rule as to the number of assistants to full weavers (who are both male and female), or, after the '<a href="/wiki/More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a> system' came in, as to the number of looms managed by a weaver, but the proportion of assistants was less than in spinning branches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911102_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911102-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discounts">Discounts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Discounts is the principle that no operative should suffer if he was allocated substandard cotton, or put on a machine that output a lower capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904263_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904263-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of lists stretches back to the first quarter of the 19th century as regards spinners, and to about the middle of the century generally as regards weavers, though a weaving list agreed to by eleven masters was drawn up as early as 1834. There are still many different district lists in use, but the favourite spinning lists are those of Oldham and Bolton,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199667_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199667-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the weaving list most generally employed is that known as the "Uniform List" (1892),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is a compromise between the lists of Blackburn, Preston and Burnley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A copy of the Bolton list of 1844 was published by the British Association Report in 1887, but this was not the first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904263_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904263-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that the Bolton List for spinners dated from 1813 and this embraced <a href="#discounts">discounts</a>. It the 1830s there was much agitation to agree lists, and the Bolton list was often discussed. There was an Oldham List for weavers in 1834, this was in place fifteen years before the Oldham Weavers' Association was formed in 1859. The Burnley weaving list was drawn up in 1843 and the Blackburn lists for weaving, looming, winding, beam-warping and tape-sizing were drawn up by joint committees in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199666–68_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199666–68-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In general, the pressure to adopt lists came from the operatives themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many lists were drawn up and frequently revised, so by 1887, twenty two lists had been drawn up and most abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hyde, Stockport and Ashton lists were superseded by the Blackburn list (1853) for fine cloth- as had the Burnley, Chorley and Preston lists. When the Unified List was adopted in 1892, Ashton opted to stay with the Blackburn list.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904266_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904266-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lists attempted to achieve fairness, and as such were very complex and the emerging unions employed staff to check the calculations which were known as 'The Sorts'.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Shackleton" title="David Shackleton">David Shackleton</a>, the future <a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a> leader and <a href="/wiki/Clitheroe_by-election,_1902" class="mw-redirect" title="Clitheroe by-election, 1902">MP for Clitheroe</a> was employed by the <a href="/wiki/Darwen_Weavers%27,_Winders%27_and_Warpers%27_Association" title="Darwen Weavers', Winders' and Warpers' Association">Darwen Weavers', Winders' and Warpers' Association</a> as secretary in 1894 . In two years, he recalculated 3,237 sorts and discovered 1290 underpayments. (40%) Some of these were honest mistakes other were due to the practice of 'nibbling'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin200019_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To put this in context Shackleton himself had attended a dame school and church primary schools for which his father was charged. He started work as a <a href="/wiki/Part-timer" class="mw-redirect" title="Part-timer">part-timer</a> at the legal age of nine and full-time at 13. Though he attended night school classes he never progressed beyond a primary school level education.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin200010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lists continued until the 1920s </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factory_Act_1891">Factory Act 1891</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Factory Act 1891"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the "Particulars Clause", first included in a <a href="/wiki/Factory_Acts#Factory_Act_1891" title="Factory Acts">Factory Act 1891</a> and given extended application in <a href="/wiki/Factory_and_Workshop_Act_1895" title="Factory and Workshop Act 1895">1895</a>, the particulars required for the calculation of wages must be rendered by the employer. In spinning there used to be doubts about the quantity of work done, so the "indicator", which measures the length of yarn spun came into general use. The Oldham Spinning list differs from all others in that its basis is starts from an agreed normal time-wage. The piece-rates are reckoned so that can be achieved. But in effect this was implicit everywhere as when the average wages in a particular mill were lower than elsewhere for reasons not connected with the quality of labour (e.g. because of antiquated machinery or the low quality of the cotton used), the men demanded "allowances" to raise their wages to the normal level.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brooklands_Agreement">Brooklands Agreement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brooklands Agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1893, the Brooklands Agreement was entered into by masters and men in the cotton spinning industry. Under this agreement advances and reductions could not exceed 5% or succeed one another by a shorter period than twelve months and must be preceded by a consultation or 'conference'. Usually the changes were between 5% or 2.50%. The men agreed that formal conciliation would take place between the interested parties before a strike broke out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199668_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199668-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lancashire_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lancashire_rose.svg/40px-Lancashire_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Lancashire_rose.svg/60px-Lancashire_rose.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lancashire" title="Portal:Lancashire">Lancashire portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first objective of the East Lancashire Amalgamated Power Loom association (1859) was to keep up our present rate of wages to the standard list, and to resist any attempt to reduce the same, and also to prevent one employer from paying less than another for the same amount and quality of work, and more particularly to bring up the prices of those who are paying the lowest wages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> These union posts were subject to a competitive exam which test the ability to calculate "sorts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin200015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham200817-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham200817_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraham2008">Graham 2008</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199624-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199624_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimmins1996">Timmins 1996</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMemory20131-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemory20131_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMemory20131_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemory2013">Memory 2013</a>, p. 1.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFMemory2013 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911103_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911102-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911102_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911102_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904263-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904263_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904263_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChapman1904">Chapman 1904</a>, p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199667-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199667_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimmins1996">Timmins 1996</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904265_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChapman1904">Chapman 1904</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199666–68-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199666–68_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimmins1996">Timmins 1996</a>, pp. 66–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1904266-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1904266_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChapman1904">Chapman 1904</a>, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200015-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin200015_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin2000">Martin 2000</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200019-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin200019_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin2000">Martin 2000</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin200010-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin200010_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartin2000">Martin 2000</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmins199668-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmins199668_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimmins1996">Timmins 1996</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piece-rate_list&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAshmore1982" class="citation book cs1">Ashmore, Owen (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pXa7AAAAIAAJ&dq=room+and+power+mills&pg=PA212"><i>The industrial archaeology of North-west England</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-0820-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-0820-4"><bdi>0-7190-0820-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+industrial+archaeology+of+North-west+England&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-7190-0820-4&rft.aulast=Ashmore&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpXa7AAAAIAAJ%26dq%3Droom%2Band%2Bpower%2Bmills%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiece-rate+list" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChapman1904" class="citation book cs1">Chapman, Sydney J. (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.44619"><i>The Lancashire Cotton Industry: A Study in Economic Development</i></a> (Reprints of Economic Classics: 1973 Augustus M Kelley ed.). Manchester: At the University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.44619/page/n325">309</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-678-00896-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-678-00896-5"><bdi>0-678-00896-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lancashire+Cotton+Industry%3A+A+Study+in+Economic+Development&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=309&rft.edition=Reprints+of+Economic+Classics%3A+1973+Augustus+M+Kelley&rft.pub=At+the+University+Press&rft.date=1904&rft.isbn=0-678-00896-5&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Sydney+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.44619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiece-rate+list" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cotton_Manufacture" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cotton Manufacture">Cotton Manufacture</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cotton+Manufacture&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiece-rate+list" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham2008" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Stanley (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oneguyfrombarlick.co.uk/"><i>Bancroft: The story of a Pennine weaving shed</i></a>. lulu.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9_781409-255789" title="Special:BookSources/9 781409-255789"><bdi>9 781409-255789</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bancroft%3A+The+story+of+a+Pennine+weaving+shed&rft.pub=lulu.com&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781409-255789&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foneguyfrombarlick.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiece-rate+list" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreenlees2005" class="citation journal cs1">Greenlees, Janet (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087970">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Stop Kissing and Steaming!': Tuberculosis and the Occupational Health Movement in the Massachusetts and Lancashire Cotton Weaving Industries, 1870–1918"</a>. <i>Urban History</i>. <b>32</b> (2). Europe PMC Funders Group: <span class="nowrap">223–</span>246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0963926805002981">10.1017/S0963926805002981</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3087970">3087970</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21552481">21552481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+History&rft.atitle=%27Stop+Kissing+and+Steaming%21%27%3A+Tuberculosis+and+the+Occupational+Health+Movement+in+the+Massachusetts+and+Lancashire+Cotton+Weaving+Industries%2C+1870%E2%80%931918&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E223-%3C%2Fspan%3E246&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3087970%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21552481&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0963926805002981&rft.aulast=Greenlees&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3087970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiece-rate+list" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin2000" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Ross M (2000). <i>The Lancashire Giant: David Shackleton, Labour Leader and Civil Servant</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85323-934-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85323-934-7"><bdi>0-85323-934-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lancashire+Giant%3A+David+Shackleton%2C+Labour+Leader+and+Civil+Servant&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-85323-934-7&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Ross+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiece-rate+list" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimmins1996" class="citation book cs1">Timmins, Geoffrey (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourcenturiesofl0000timm/page/92"><i>Four Centuries of Lancashire Cotton</i></a>. Preston: Lancashire County Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fourcenturiesofl0000timm/page/92">92</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-871236-41-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-871236-41-X"><bdi>1-871236-41-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Centuries+of+Lancashire+Cotton&rft.place=Preston&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Lancashire+County+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-871236-41-X&rft.aulast=Timmins&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffourcenturiesofl0000timm%2Fpage%2F92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiece-rate+list" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_mule" title="Spinning mule">Spinning mule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throstle_frame" title="Throstle frame">Throstle frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_frame" title="Water frame">Water frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool_combing_machine" title="Wool combing machine">Wool combing machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Weaving97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Weaving" title="Template:Weaving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Weaving" title="Template talk:Weaving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weaving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weaving97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketweave_(weaving)" title="Basketweave (weaving)">Basketweave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)" title="Charvet (fabric)">Charvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woven_coverlet" title="Woven coverlet">Coverlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_(cloth)" title="Dobby (cloth)">Dobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_cloth" title="Double cloth">Double weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even-weave" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-weave">Even-weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampas" title="Lampas">Lampas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leno_weave" title="Leno weave">Leno weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)" title="Oxford (cloth)">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pile_weave" title="Pile weave">Pile weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piqu%C3%A9_(weaving)" title="Piqué (weaving)">Piqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_weave" title="Plain weave">Plain weave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_silk" title="Shot silk">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_weave" title="Swivel weave">Swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_weaving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg/120px-Swedish_weaving.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Swedish_weaving.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="253" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_and_weft" title="Warp and weft">Warp and weft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barber-Colman_knotter" title="Barber-Colman knotter">Barber-Colman knotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beamer_(occupation)" title="Beamer (occupation)">Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">Braid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkat_weaving" title="Chilkat weaving">Chilkat weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerweaving" title="Fingerweaving">Fingerweaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_shuttle" title="Flying shuttle">Flying shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heddle" title="Heddle">Heddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkle_weaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Inkle weaving">Inkle weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuri" title="Kasuri">Kasuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_weaving" title="Navajo weaving">Navajo weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibiones" title="Pibiones">Pibiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_(weaving)" title="Reed (weaving)"> Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_weaving" title="Salish weaving">Salish weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_(weaving)" title="Shed (weaving)">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_(weaving)" title="Shuttle (weaving)">Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizing" title="Sizing">Sizing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_sizing_machine" title="Textile sizing machine">Sizing machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_weaving" title="Tablet weaving">Tablet weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talim_(textiles)" title="Talim (textiles)">Talim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81niko" title="Tāniko">Tāniko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(weaving)" title="Temple (weaving)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_(construction)" title="Wattle (construction)">Wattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicker" title="Wicker">Wicker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resin_wicker" title="Resin wicker">Resin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Loom" title="Loom">looms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air-jet_loom" title="Air-jet loom">Air-jet loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobby_loom" title="Dobby loom">Dobby loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattersley_loom" title="Hattersley loom">Hattersley loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrocks_loom" title="Horrocks loom">Horrocks loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacquard_loom" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacquard loom">Jacquard loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_loom" title="Power loom">Power loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Loom" title="Roberts Loom">Roberts loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp-weighted_loom" title="Warp-weighted loom">Warp-weighted loom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weavers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acesas" title="Acesas">Acesas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anni_Albers" title="Anni Albers">Anni Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otti_Berger" title="Otti Berger">Otti Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micheline_Beauchemin" title="Micheline Beauchemin">Micheline Beauchemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Brunsson" title="Johanna Brunsson">Johanna Brunsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Dietz" title="Ada Dietz">Ada Dietz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferguson_%26_Co_Ltd" title="Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd">Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Forsell" title="Elisabeth Forsell">Elisabeth Forsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Liebes" title="Dorothy Liebes">Dorothy Liebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Mairet" title="Ethel Mairet">Ethel Mairet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Elisabet_%C3%96berg" title="Maria Elisabet Öberg">Maria Elisabet Öberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Reich" title="Lilly Reich">Lilly Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Reichardt" title="Margaretha Reichardt">Margaretha Reichardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitta_Scherzenfeldt" title="Brigitta Scherzenfeldt">Brigitta Scherzenfeldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Sherman" title="Clara Sherman">Clara Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunta_St%C3%B6lzl" title="Gunta Stölzl">Gunta Stölzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judocus_de_Vos" title="Judocus de Vos">Judocus de Vos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaretha_Zetterberg" title="Margaretha Zetterberg">Margaretha Zetterberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employment practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lancashire_cotton185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lancashire_cotton" title="Template:Lancashire cotton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lancashire_cotton" title="Template talk:Lancashire cotton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lancashire_cotton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lancashire cotton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lancashire_cotton185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bellhouse" title="David Bellhouse">David Bellhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradshaw_Gass_%26_Hope" title="Bradshaw Gass & Hope">Bradshaw Gass & Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Whittaker_Dixon" title="Frederick Whittaker Dixon">F.W. Dixon & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Potts_(architect)" title="Edward Potts (architect)">Edward Potts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stott" title="Stott">Stott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stott_and_Sons" title="Stott and Sons">Stott and Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sidney_Stott" title="Philip Sidney Stott">Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg/80px-Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg/120px-Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg/160px-Hermann_Sondermann_Familie_mit_Frau_am_Spinnrad_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engine makers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Adamson" title="Daniel Adamson">Daniel Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashton_Frost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashton Frost (page does not exist)">Ashton Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashworth_%26_Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashworth & Parker (page does not exist)">Ashworth & Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bateman_%26_Sherratt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bateman & Sherratt (page does not exist)">Bateman & Sherratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_and_Watt" title="Boulton and Watt">Boulton & Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browett,_Lindley_%26_Co" title="Browett, Lindley & Co">Browett, Lindley & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckley_%26_Taylor" title="Buckley & Taylor">Buckley & Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carels_Fr%C3%A8res" title="Carels Frères">Carels Frères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Goodfellow_%26_Co._Ltd" title="Clayton, Goodfellow & Co. Ltd">Clayton, Goodfellow & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earnshaw_%26_Holt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earnshaw & Holt (page does not exist)">Earnshaw & Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fairbairn_%26_Sons" title="William Fairbairn & Sons">Fairbairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_%26_J_Galloway_%26_Sons" title="W & J Galloway & Sons">W & J Galloway & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Goodfellow_(engineer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Goodfellow (engineer) (page does not exist)">Benjamin Goodfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Hick_and_Sons" title="B. Hick and Sons">B. Hick and Sons / Hick, Hargreaves & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Musgrave_%26_Sons" title="John Musgrave & Sons">John Musgrave & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McNaught_(Rochdale)" title="William McNaught (Rochdale)">J & W McNaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrie_of_Rochdale" title="Petrie of Rochdale">Petrie of Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roberts_%26_Co_of_Nelson" title="William Roberts & Co of Nelson">William Roberts & Co of Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Saxon_%26_Co" title="George Saxon & Co">George Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_%26_Hodgson_Ltd" title="Scott & Hodgson Ltd">Scott & Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmson_%26_Thompson" title="Urmson & Thompson">Urmson & Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yates_and_Thom" title="Yates and Thom">Yates & Thom / Yates of Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willans_%26_Robinson" title="Willans & Robinson">Willans & Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_%26_E_Wood" title="J & E Wood">J & E Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolstenhulmes_%26_Rye" title="Woolstenhulmes & Rye">Woolstenhulmes & Rye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery makers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_%26_Doxey" title="Brooks & Doxey">Brooks & Doxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterworth_%26_Dickinson" title="Butterworth & Dickinson">Butterworth & Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Curtis_(mayor)" title="Matthew Curtis (mayor)">Curtis, Parr & Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobson_%26_Barlow" title="Dobson & Barlow">Dobson & Barlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hetherington_%26_Sons" title="John Hetherington & Sons">John Hetherington & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hibbert_(manufacturer)" title="Joseph Hibbert (manufacturer)">Joseph Hibbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pilling_and_Sons" title="John Pilling and Sons">John Pilling and Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harling_%26_Todd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harling & Todd (page does not exist)">Harling & Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_%26_Bullough" title="Howard & Bullough">Howard & Bullough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo._Hattersley" title="Geo. Hattersley">Geo. Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Lees" title="Asa Lees">Asa Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mather_%26_Platt" title="Mather & Platt">Mather & Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Curtis_(mayor)" title="Matthew Curtis (mayor)">Parr, Curtis & Madely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">British Northrop Loom Co</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberton_%26_Co&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberton & Co (page does not exist)">Pemberton & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platt_Brothers" title="Platt Brothers">Platt Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Lang_%26_Co" title="Taylor, Lang & Co">Taylor, Lang & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_Machinery_Makers_Ltd" title="Textile Machinery Makers Ltd">Textile Machinery Makers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweedales_%26_Smalley" title="Tweedales & Smalley">Tweedales & Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Wildman_%26_Sons" title="T. Wildman & Sons">T. Wildman & Sons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mill owners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elkanah_Armitage" title="Elkanah Armitage">Elkanah Armitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ashworth_(nonconformist)" title="Henry Ashworth (nonconformist)">Henry Ashworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Birley" title="Hugh Birley">Hugh Birley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hornby_Birley" title="Hugh Hornby Birley">Hugh Hornby Birley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brotherton" title="Joseph Brotherton">Joseph Brotherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burton_(millowner)" title="James Burton (millowner)">James Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Drinkwater" title="Peter Drinkwater">Peter Drinkwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Eckersley" title="Nathaniel Eckersley">Nathaniel Eckersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fielden" title="John Fielden">John Fielden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gray_(Conservative_politician)" title="William Gray (Conservative politician)">William Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Greg" title="Hannah Greg">Hannah Greg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Greg" title="Samuel Greg">Samuel Greg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haworth_Ltd" title="Richard Haworth Ltd">Richard Howarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Houldsworth" title="William Houldsworth">William Houldsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_(manufacturer)" title="John Kennedy (manufacturer)">John Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Lee" title="George Augustus Lee">George Augustus Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Macintosh" title="Charles Macintosh">Charles Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mason" title="Hugh Mason">Hugh Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Oldknow" title="Samuel Oldknow">Samuel Oldknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Peel,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet">Robert Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rylands" title="John Rylands">John Rylands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Whitehead_and_Brothers" title="Thomas Whitehead and Brothers">Thomas Whitehead and Brothers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limited companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldham_Limiteds" title="Oldham Limiteds">Oldham Limiteds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_Spinners_and_Doublers" title="Fine Spinners and Doublers">Fine Spinners and Doublers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Cotton_Corporation" title="Lancashire Cotton Corporation">Lancashire Cotton Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagley_%26_Wright" title="Bagley & Wright">Bagley & Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Egyptian_Mills" title="Combined Egyptian Mills">Combined Egyptian Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtaulds" title="Courtaulds">Courtaulds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burton_%26_Sons" title="James Burton & Sons">James Burton & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalgamated_Cotton_Mills_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust (page does not exist)">Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Textile manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton-spinning_machinery" title="Cotton-spinning machinery">Cotton-spinning machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DREF_friction_spinning" title="DREF friction spinning">DREF friction spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ring_spinning" title="Magnetic ring spinning">Magnetic ring spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-end_spinning" title="Open-end spinning">Open-end spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_spinning" title="Ring spinning">Ring spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_frame" title="Spinning frame">Spinning frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_jenny" title="Spinning jenny">Spinning jenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_mule" title="Spinning mule">Spinning mule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steaming_process_in_Lancashire_cotton_mills" title="Steaming process in Lancashire cotton mills">Steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_frame" title="Water frame">Water frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Loom" title="Roberts Loom">Roberts Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Loom" title="Lancashire Loom">Lancashire Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Loom" title="Northrop Loom">Northrop Loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-jet_loom" title="Air-jet loom">Air-jet loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier_loom" title="Rapier loom">Rapier loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_loom" title="Dandy loom">Dandy loom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Lancashire boiler">Lancashire boiler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Association_of_Beamers,_Twisters_and_Drawers_(Hand_and_Machine)" title="Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)">Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Association_of_Operative_Cotton_Spinners" title="Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners">Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Textile_Warehousemen%27s_Association" title="Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association">Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Textile_Workers%27_Union" title="Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union">Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Weavers%27_Association" title="Amalgamated Weavers' Association">Amalgamated Weavers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardroom_Amalgamation" title="Cardroom Amalgamation">Cardroom Amalgamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Lancashire_and_Yorkshire_Warp_Dressers%27_Association" title="General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association">General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Loom_Overlookers" title="General Union of Loom Overlookers">General Union of Loom Overlookers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Amalgamated_Tape_Sizers%27_Friendly_Society" title="Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society">Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lancashire_Amalgamated_Weavers%27_Association" title="North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association">North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Counties_Textile_Trades_Federation" title="Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation">Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Textile_Institute" title="The Textile Institute">The Textile Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Textile_Factory_Workers%27_Association" title="United Textile Factory Workers' Association">United Textile Factory Workers' Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employment practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/More_looms" title="More looms">More looms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_the_shuttle" title="Kissing the shuttle">Kissing the shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mule_spinners%27_cancer" title="Mule spinners' cancer">Mule spinners' cancer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piece-rate list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_owned_by_the_Lancashire_Cotton_Corporation_Limited" title="List of mills owned by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited">LCC mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Bolton" title="List of mills in Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Bury" title="List of mills in Bury">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_textile_mills_in_Cheshire" title="List of textile mills in Cheshire">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Derbyshire" title="List of mills in Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Lancashire" title="List of mills in Lancashire">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Manchester" title="List of mills in Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_the_Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="List of mills in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Oldham (borough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Preston" title="List of mills in Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Rochdale" title="List of mills in Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Salford" title="List of mills in Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Stockport" title="List of mills in Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Tameside" title="List of mills in Tameside">Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Wigan" title="List of mills in Wigan">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cotton_mills_in_Yorkshire" title="List of cotton mills in Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Shed" title="Bancroft Shed">Bancroft Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmshore_Mills_Textile_Museum" title="Helmshore Mills Textile Museum">Helmshore Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Street_Mill" title="Queen Street Mill">Queen Street Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weavers%27_Triangle" title="Weavers' Triangle">Weavers' Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry_Bank_Mill" title="Quarry Bank Mill">Quarry Bank Mill, Styal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright">Richard Arkwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Crompton" title="Samuel Crompton">Samuel Crompton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Foxcroft" title="Peter Foxcroft">Peter Foxcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hargreaves" title="James Hargreaves">James Hargreaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Highs" title="Thomas Highs">Thomas Highs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kay_(flying_shuttle)" title="John Kay (flying shuttle)">John Kay (flying shuttle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kay_(spinning_frame)" title="John Kay (spinning frame)">John Kay (spinning frame)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p 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