Human Space Flight | Federal Aviation Administration

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id="block-subnav-airtraffic-1" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--air-traffic--1"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-airtraffic-1-menu">Subnav: Air Traffic 1</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-airtraffic-1" block="block-subnav-airtraffic-1" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/by_the_numbers/" class="nav-link">Air Traffic By The Numbers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/environmental_issues/" class="nav-link">Air Traffic Environmental Review</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/community_engagement/" class="nav-link">Community Engagement</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/" class="nav-link">Flight Information</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/international_aviation/" class="nav-link">International Aviation</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/nas/" class="nav-link">National Airspace System</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnavairtraffic2-menu" id="block-subnavairtraffic2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--air-traffic--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnavairtraffic2-menu">Subnav: Air Traffic 2</h2> <ul id="block-subnavairtraffic2" block="block-subnavairtraffic2" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/nextgen/" class="nav-link">NextGen</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/obstruction_evaluation/" class="nav-link">Obstruction Evaluation</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/" class="nav-link">Air Traffic Plans and Publications</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/separation_standards/" class="nav-link">Separation Standards</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/technology/" class="nav-link">Technology</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/weather/" class="nav-link">Weather</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports" class="ultimenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/62561">Airports<span class="caret" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><section class="ultimenu__flyout is-htb"> <section class="ultimenu__region region region--count-2 d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row py-3 region-ultimenu-main-airports"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-airports-1-menu" id="block-subnav-airports-1" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--airports--1"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-airports-1-menu">Subnav: Airports 1</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-airports-1" block="block-subnav-airports-1" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/acrp/" class="nav-link">Airport Cooperative Research Program</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/aip/" class="nav-link">Airport Improvement Program</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_compliance/" class="nav-link">Airport Compliance</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_rescue_grants/" class="nav-link">Airport Rescue Grants</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/" class="nav-link">Airport Safety</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airport_certification/" class="nav-link">Airport Certification</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/cares_act/" class="nav-link">CARES Act Grants</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/crrsaa/" class="nav-link">Airport Coronavirus Response Grant Program</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-airports-2-menu" id="block-subnav-airports-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--airports--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-airports-2-menu">Subnav: Airports 2</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-airports-2" block="block-subnav-airports-2" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/engineering/" class="nav-link">Engineering, Design, & Construction</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/environmental/" class="nav-link">Environmental Programs</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/news_information/" class="nav-link">News & Information</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/pfc/" class="nav-link">Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) Program</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/" class="nav-link">Planning & Capacity</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/" class="nav-link">Resources</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/regions/" class="nav-link">Regions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/runway_safety/" class="nav-link">Runway Safety</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/airports/runway_safety/videos/" class="nav-link">Airport Safety Information Video Series</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots" class="ultimenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/73471">Pilots & Airmen<span class="caret" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><section class="ultimenu__flyout is-htb"> <section class="ultimenu__region region region--count-2 d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row py-3 region-ultimenu-main-pilots-airmen"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-airmen-1-menu" id="block-subnav-airmen-1" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--airmen--1"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-airmen-1-menu">Subnav: Airmen 1</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-airmen-1" block="block-subnav-airmen-1" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots/amelocator/" class="nav-link">Find an Aviation Medical Examiner</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots/become/" class="nav-link">Become a Pilot</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots/intl/" class="nav-link">International Flight</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots/lic_cert/" class="nav-link">Pilot Certificates & Records</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots/medical_certification" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/79721">Medical Certification</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-airmen-2-menu" id="block-subnav-airmen-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--airmen--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-airmen-2-menu">Subnav: Airmen 2</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-airmen-2" block="block-subnav-airmen-2" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots/regs/" class="nav-link">Pilot Regulations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/mechanics" class="nav-link">Mechanics</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/" class="nav-link">Airmen Certification</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/training_testing" class="nav-link">Training & Testing</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/pilots/rights/" class="nav-link">Pilot's Bill of Rights</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research" class="ultimenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52471">Data & Research<span class="caret" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><section class="ultimenu__flyout is-htb"> <section class="ultimenu__region region region--count-2 d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row py-3 region-ultimenu-main-data-research"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-data-research-1-menu" id="block-subnav-data-research-1" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--data-research--1"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-data-research-1-menu">Subnav: Data & Research 1</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-data-research-1" block="block-subnav-data-research-1" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/accident_incident/" class="nav-link">Accident & Incident Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation/" class="nav-link">Aviation Forecasts</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/aviation_data_statistics/" class="nav-link">Aviation Data & Statistics</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/commercial_space_data/" class="nav-link">Commercial Space Data</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-data-research-2-menu" id="block-subnav-data-research-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--data-research--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-data-research-2-menu">Subnav: Data & Research 2</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-data-research-2" block="block-subnav-data-research-2" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/funding_grant/" class="nav-link">Funding & Grant Data</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/passengers_cargo/" class="nav-link">Passengers & Cargo</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/research/" class="nav-link">Research</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/safety/" class="nav-link">Safety</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/library" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/25751">Technical Library</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies" class="ultimenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/34946">Regulations<span class="caret" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><section class="ultimenu__flyout is-htb"> <section class="ultimenu__region region region--count-2 d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row py-3 region-ultimenu-main-regulations"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-regulations-1-menu" id="block-subnav-regulations-1" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--regulations--1"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-regulations-1-menu">Subnav: Regulations 1</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-regulations-1" block="block-subnav-regulations-1" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/" class="nav-link">Advisory Circulars</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/airworthiness_directives/" class="nav-link">Airworthiness Directives</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/faa_regulations/" class="nav-link">FAA Regulations</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/forms" class="nav-link">Forms</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/" class="nav-link">Handbooks & Manuals</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/orders_notices/" class="nav-link">Orders & Notices</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-regulations-2-menu" id="block-subnav-regulations-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--regulations--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-regulations-2-menu">Subnav: Regulations 2</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-regulations-2" block="block-subnav-regulations-2" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/pilot_records_database/" class="nav-link">Pilot Records Database</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/" class="nav-link">Policy & Guidance</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/rulemaking/" class="nav-link">Rulemaking</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://tfr.faa.gov/tfr2/list.html" class="nav-link">Temporary Flight Restrictions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/PilotWeb/" class="nav-link">Notices to Air Missions (NOTAM)</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </section> </section></li><li class="ultimenu__item uitem has-ultimenu"><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space" class="ultimenu__link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52171">Space<span class="caret" aria-hidden="true"></span></a><section class="ultimenu__flyout is-htb"> <section class="ultimenu__region region region--count-2 d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row py-3 region-ultimenu-main-space"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-space-1-menu" id="block-subnav-space-1" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--space--1"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-space-1-menu">Subnav: Space 1</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-space-1" block="block-subnav-space-1" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/licenses" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52416">Licenses, Permits & Approvals</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/search_resources/" class="nav-link">Resources</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/legislation_regulation_guidance/" class="nav-link">Legislation & Policies, Regulations & Guidance</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/environmental" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88431">Environmental</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/office_spaceports" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17866">Spaceports</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav aria-labelledby="block-subnav-space-2-menu" id="block-subnav-space-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--subnav--space--2"> <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-subnav-space-2-menu">Subnav: Space 2</h2> <ul id="block-subnav-space-2" block="block-subnav-space-2" class="clearfix nav d-flex flex-column flex-xl-row"> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/airspace_integration/" class="nav-link">Airspace Integration</a> </li> <li class="nav-item font-weight-normal text-transform-normal w-100"> <a 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class="card-body"> <div class="wrapper__contact_info"> <div data-history-node-id="35001" class="node node--type-contact-info node--view-mode-contact-block clearfix"> <address class="node__content clearfix"> <h2 class="sidebar__title pt-0"> <div class="field field--name-field-header field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Contact Commercial Space</div> </h2> <p> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Office of Commercial Space</div> <div class="field field--name-field-address field--type-address field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="address" translate="no"><span class="address-line1">800 Independence Avenue SW</span><br> <span class="locality">Washington</span>, <span class="administrative-area">DC</span> <span class="postal-code">20591</span><br> <span class="country">United States</span></p></div> </p> <p> <strong>Email:</strong><br><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/mailto:9-AST-Inquiries@faa.gov">9-AST-Inquiries@faa.gov</a><br> <strong>Phone:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/tel:202-267-7793" class="tel">202-267-7793<i class="fas fa-phone" title="(link calls phone number)"></i></a><br> <strong>Fax:</strong> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/fax:202-267-5450" class="fax">202-267-5450<i class="fas fa-fax" title="(link sends fax)"></i></a><br> </p> <p>If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.</p> </address> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </aside> </aside> </div>  <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-xl-9" class="main-content col order-last" id="content" role="main"> <section class="section"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>  <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <article data-history-node-id="43911" class="node node--type-article node--view-mode-full content__core clearfix"> <div class="node__content mt-0 clearfix">  <h1 class="page__title node__title mt-0"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Human Space Flight</span> </h1> <div class="mb-4 clearfix"> <p>Human space flight is changing. What once was an exclusive government-led activity is now open to commercial space operators and private individuals.</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img align-right"><img alt="photo of SpaceX flight crew" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="cace32da-b094-4545-a550-77dd6af2a5dd" height="135" src="/web/20240111051539im_/https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/images/ast/HumanSpaceflight-spaceX.jpg" width="240"/><figcaption>Image provided by SpaceX</figcaption></figure><p>The FAA's safety oversight responsibilities are designed to protect the safety of the public on the ground and others using the National Airspace System. Congress has both given and restricted the FAA's authority.</p> <p>The FAA issues commercial space licenses, verifies launch or reentry vehicles meant to carry humans operate as intended and provides regulation of flight crew qualifications and training. The FAA also performs safety inspections and safely integrates commercial space operations into the National Airspace System.</p> <p>However, Congress has limited the FAA's authority in specific ways. Under federal law, the FAA is prohibited from regulating the safety of individuals on board. This legislative "moratorium", originally established in 2004, and extended four times by Congress, will now expire January 1, 2024.</p> <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><span class="fontawesome-icon-inline"><i class="fas fa-info-circle fa-fw"></i> </span>In April 2023, the FAA established an <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/media/68036">Aerospace Rulemaking Committee</a> (SpARC) to collaborate with industry on the development and cost of possible future regulations for commercial human space flight occupant safety. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/rulemaking/committees/documents/index.cfm/document/information?documentID=5883">This safety focused SpARC</a> is expected to submit a recommendation report in the summer of 2024.</div> <h2>Flight Crew and Space Flight Participant Safety</h2> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img align-right"><img alt="Blue Origin Crew" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e1ee08ff-f91e-40a4-af5f-f1715f2530dc" height="138" src="/web/20240111051539im_/https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/images/ast/Blue_Origin_Flight_Crew_Safety.jpg" width="240"/><figcaption>Copyright Blue Origin</figcaption></figure><p>Congress, with few exceptions, limits the FAA's regulatory oversight of the health and safety of commercial human space flight occupants.</p> <p>FAA safety regulations include requirements for flight crew qualifications and training so that the operation of the vehicle will not harm the public. This includes training for normal, emergency and abort situations and demonstrating the ability to withstand the stresses of space flight. In addition, pilots, remote operators and crew with a safety-critical role must meet all relevant FAA certifications.</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img align-right"><img alt="Virgin Galactic Flight Crew" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="fa8b64d7-03fa-482e-99f2-8c6d7b9036a2" height="120" src="/web/20240111051539im_/https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/images/ast/Virgin_Galactic_Flight_Crew_Safety_SirishaFloat.jpg" width="240"/><figcaption>Copyright Virgin Galactic</figcaption></figure><p>FAA regulations include requiring commercial space operators to provide life support, smoke detection and fire suppression systems on the launch or reentry vehicle. Operators are also required to take the precautions necessary to account for human factors that can affect a crew's ability to perform safety-critical roles in such things as design of the vehicle and mission planning.</p> <p>The FAA also recommends human space flight safety best practices and procedures, and reports to Congress on the industry developing voluntary standards.</p> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-III/subchapter-C/part-460#sp14.4.460.a">FAA Commercial Human Space Flight Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/humanspaceflight/guidance-informing-crew-and-space-flight-participants-risk">Commercial Human Space Flight Informed Consent Guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/media/71481">Recommended Practices for Human Spaceflight Occupant Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/humanspaceflight/voluntary-industry-consensus-standards">Voluntary Industry Consensus Standards Report to Congress 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/humanspaceflight/us-human-space-flight-safety-record">U.S. Human Space Flight Safety Record</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/human_spaceflight/recognition/">FAA Commercial Human Space Flight Recognition</a></li> </ul><h2>Informed Consent</h2> <p>Federal law requires an informed consent framework so flight crew and space flight participants are fully aware of the risks and hazards involved in human space flight launch and reentry operations.</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img align-right"><img alt="Blue Origin Informed Consent" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f1c138cc-3b1c-42c3-b8b9-f3c9f951b4b9" height="160" src="/web/20240111051539im_/https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/images/ast/Blue_Origin_Informed_Consent.jpg" width="240"/><figcaption>Copyright Blue Origin</figcaption></figure><p>Commercial space operators are required to notify flight crew and space flight participants in writing that the U.S. government has not certified the launch or reentry vehicle as safe for carrying humans. The operator also must provide:</p> <ul><li>information about the risks of the launch and reentry, including known hazards and the potential for unknown hazards;</li> <li>the safety record of all launch and reentry vehicles that have carried humans on a suborbital or orbital space flight;</li> <li>the safety record of the operator's vehicle; and</li> <li>an opportunity for crew and space flight participants to ask questions.</li> </ul><p>Operators must also present technical information in a manner that can be readily understood and maintain records of signed informed consent forms. The FAA verifies the informed consent requirements are met prior to launch.</p> <h2>Vehicle Licensing Requirements to Carry Humans</h2> <p>The FAA does not certify launch or reentry vehicles as safe for carrying humans. Further, the FAA requires launch service providers to inform crew and space flight participants prior to flight that the agency has not certified the vehicle as safe.</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-img align-right"><img alt="Virgin Galactic Vehicle" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="a0704bee-2382-4350-b222-ece1986bb953" height="135" src="/web/20240111051539im_/https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/images/ast/Virgin_Galactic_Vehicle.jpg" width="240"/><figcaption>Copyright Virgin Galactic</figcaption></figure><p>For a commercial space operator to gain FAA license approval for its vehicle to carry humans, it must demonstrate its vehicle performs as intended during a real operational test flight. No space flight participant is allowed onboard during flight until the FAA verifies this safety regulation is met.</p> <p>The specific verification process may vary based on such things as the type of vehicle (i.e., piloted/unpiloted), how it is launched (i.e., vertical/horizontal) and its mission (i.e., suborbital/orbital).</p> <ul><li><a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/humanspaceflight/human-space-flight-checklist">Commercial Human Space Flight Licensing Checklist</a></li> </ul><h2>FAA Commercial Human Space Flight Recognition</h2> <p>The FAA expects the commercial human space flight industry to continue to grow and the number of people launching to space to increase dramatically. To recognize these modern day adventurers, any flight crew or space flight participant who is on an FAA-licensed launch or reentry vehicle and reaches 50 statute miles above the surface of the Earth will have their name listed on the <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/human_spaceflight/recognition/">FAA Commercial Human Space Flight Recognition</a> web page. The FAA no longer designates anyone as an ‘astronaut.’ In addition, the FAA does not define where space begins.</p> <h2>NASA Commercial Crew Program</h2> <p>Under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111051539/https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/crew/index.html">NASA Commercial Crew Program</a>, NASA contracts with commercial space operators to provide transportation services to carry government astronauts to and from the International Space Station. The FAA <a href="/web/20240111051539/https://www.faa.gov/space/humanspaceflight/commercial-crew-program-and-faa-licensing-iac-bremen-october-2018">partners</a> with NASA during these missions and is responsible for public safety through its commercial space licensing process while NASA is responsible for crew safety.</p> <h2>Key Terms</h2> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 700px;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 148px;"><strong>Crew</strong></td> <td style="width: 511px;">Any employee or independent contractor of a licensee who performs activities directly relating to the launch or reentry of a commercial human space flight mission whether onboard the vehicle or on the ground.</td> </tr><tr><td style="width: 148px;"><strong>Flight crew</strong></td> <td style="width: 511px;">Crew that is on board a vehicle during a launch or reentry.</td> </tr><tr><td style="width: 148px;"><strong>Government astronaut</strong></td> <td style="width: 511px;">An individual designated by NASA who is on a launch or reentry vehicle and is either an employee of the U.S. Government or an international partner astronaut.</td> </tr><tr><td style="width: 148px;"><strong>Orbital Flight</strong></td> <td style="width: 511px;">When a spacecraft is placed on a trajectory with sufficient velocity to place it into orbit around the Earth.</td> </tr><tr><td style="width: 148px;"><strong>Pilot</strong></td> <td style="width: 511px;">A flight crew member who has the ability to control, in real time, a launch or reentry vehicle's flight path.</td> </tr><tr><td style="width: 148px;"><strong>Space Flight participant</strong></td> <td style="width: 511px;">An individual, who is not crew, carried aboard a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.</td> </tr><tr><td style="width: 148px;"><strong>Suborbital Flight</strong></td> <td style="width: 511px;">When a spacecraft reaches space, but its velocity is such that it cannot achieve orbit.</td> </tr></tbody></table> </div> <div 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