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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%84%80&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-cn" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%84%80&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-cn" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-儀器校正" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儀器校正"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>仪器校正</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儀器校正-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-等级" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#等级"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>等级</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-等级-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">水准仪</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。37种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Нівелір – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нівелір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_topogr%C3%A0fic" title="Nivell topogràfic – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nivell topogràfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivellering" title="Nivellering – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nivellering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivellierger%C3%A4t" title="Nivelliergerät – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nivelliergerät" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Χωροβάτης – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χωροβάτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(optical_instrument)" title="Level (optical instrument) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Level (optical instrument)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_topogr%C3%A1fico" title="Nivel topográfico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nivel topográfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelliir" title="Nivelliir – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nivelliir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibel_topografiko" title="Nibel topografiko – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nibel topografiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaaituskoje" title="Vaaituskoje – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaaituskoje" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveau_optique" title="Niveau optique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niveau optique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%AA" title="מאזנת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאזנת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="डम्पी लेवल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डम्पी लेवल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83" title="Հարթաչափ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարթաչափ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livello_(strumento)" title="Livello (strumento) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livello (strumento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნიველირი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიველირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelyras" title="Nivelyras – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nivelyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidz%C4%AB%C5%86s" title="Leidzīņs – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Leidzīņs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelieris" title="Nivelieris – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nivelieris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="डम्पी लेवल – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डम्पी लेवल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterpas_(landmeetkunde)" title="Waterpas (landmeetkunde) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterpas (landmeetkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwelator" title="Niwelator – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niwelator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_topogr%C3%A1fico" title="Nível topográfico – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nível topográfico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel%C4%83_topografic%C4%83" title="Nivelă topografică – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nivelă topografică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%D9%88" title="نىۋو – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىۋو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Нівелір – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нівелір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Surveying_levels" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q584082" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Us_land_survey_officer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg/250px-Us_land_survey_officer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg/375px-Us_land_survey_officer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>工地使用的水准仪</figcaption></figure> <p><b>水准仪</b>，俗称<b>水平镜</b>，是一种量测观测点高程差的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F" class="mw-disambig" title="测量">测量</a>仪器，主要用于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%8F%BE%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程现场（页面不存在）">工程现场</a>之水准测量。 </p><p>水准仪之基本构造主要可分为三大部分： </p><p>一为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E9%81%A0%E9%8F%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="望远镜">望远镜</a>，或称<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8F%A1%E7%AD%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="镜筒（页面不存在）">镜筒</a>，其主要功能为观测目标。可细分为物镜、目镜、十字丝三部分。物镜收集远方光线；目镜将影像转正；十字丝则用以照准目标。 </p><p>二为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水准器（页面不存在）">水准器</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%9B%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="转盘">转盘</a>。水准器可显示仪器之水平状态，其中包含至少一圆形水准器。较精密的水准仪则辅以两支以上的管状水准器以提高精密度。转盘使仪器得以360度水平旋转，以方便观测者在维持仪器水平的状况下转动镜筒进行观测。但实际上近年来大部分使用的都为自动安平水准仪，不需要管水准气泡的辅助了。 </p><p>三为基座，或称底座，主要功能为承载镜筒与水准器，并提供水准仪与脚架之连结。本部之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%B3%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脚螺旋（页面不存在）">脚螺旋</a>(或称<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B8%B5%E5%AE%9A%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="踵定螺旋（页面不存在）">踵定螺旋</a>或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%B9%E5%B9%B3%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="改平螺旋（页面不存在）">改平螺旋</a>)，可以调校水准仪的水平状态。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="儀器校正"><span id=".E5.84.80.E5.99.A8.E6.A0.A1.E6.AD.A3"></span>仪器校正</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%84%80&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：仪器校正"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1.水准器校正(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E5%8D%8A%E6%A0%A1%E6%AD%A3%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半半校正法（页面不存在）">半半校正法</a>) </p><p>2.视准轴与水准轴之平行误差校正(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E6%A8%81%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定桩法（页面不存在）">定桩法</a>) </p><p>3.十字丝校正 </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="等级"><span id=".E7.AD.89.E7.BA.A7"></span>等级</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%84%80&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：等级"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>目前中国水准仪是按仪器所能达到的每千米往返测高差中数的偶然中误差这一精度指标划分成四个等级。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>水准仪系列型号</th> <th>每千米往返测高差中数的偶然中误差</th> <th>主要用途 </th></tr> <tr> <td>DS05</td> <td>≤0.5mm</td> <td>国家一等水准测量及地震监测 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DS1</td> <td>≤1mm</td> <td>国家二等水准测量及其他精密水准测量 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DS3</td> <td>≤3mm</td> <td>国家三、四等水准测量及一般工程水准测量 </td></tr> <tr> <td>DS10</td> <td>≤10mm</td> <td>一般工程水准测量 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>表中“D”和“S”分别是“大地”和“水准仪”汉语拼音的第一个字母，通常在书写时可省略字母“D”，“05”、“1”、“3”及“10”等数字表示该类仪器的精度。S3级和S10级水准仪称为普通水准仪，用于国家三、四等水准及普通水准测量，S05级和S1级水准仪称为精密水准仪，用于国家一、二等精密水准测量。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%84%80&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dlchyq.cn/whatszy.htm">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131226231436/http://www.dlchyq.cn/whatszy.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），什么是水准仪？</span> </li> </ol> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" 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href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%88%86%E5%B0%BA" title="千分尺">测微器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="岡特測鏈" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gunter's chain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%A1%E7%89%B9%E6%B8%AC%E9%8F%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冈特测链（页面不存在）">冈特测链</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain" class="extiw" title="en:Gunter's chain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gunter's chain</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BA" title="尺">尺</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B0%BA" title="直尺">直尺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E5%B0%BA" title="卷尺">卷尺</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斜線尺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Diagonal scale"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%9C%E7%B7%9A%E5%B0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斜线尺（页面不存在）">斜线尺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal_scale" class="extiw" title="en:Diagonal scale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Diagonal scale</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="米尺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meterstick"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米尺（页面不存在）">米尺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meterstick" class="extiw" title="en:Meterstick"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meterstick</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="碼尺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="yardstick"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%BC%E5%B0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="码尺（页面不存在）">码尺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/yardstick" class="extiw" title="en:yardstick"><span lang="en" dir="auto">yardstick</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E6%B5%8B%E8%B7%9D%E4%BB%AA" title="激光测距仪">激光测距仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E5%BE%91%E8%A8%88" title="球径计">球径计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%82%99%E5%B0%BA" title="永备尺">永备尺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">曲线绘制</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E8%A7%84" title="圆规">圆规</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="橫桿圓規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beam compass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%AB%E6%A1%BF%E5%9C%93%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="横杆圆规（页面不存在）">横杆圆规</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_compass" class="extiw" title="en:Beam compass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beam compass</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E5%BD%A2%E5%B0%BA" title="蛇形尺">蛇形尺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%BD%A2%E5%B0%BA" title="云形尺">云形尺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%BA" title="莱斯比亚尺">莱斯比亚尺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理绘图</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%AB%99%E4%BB%AA" title="全站仪">全站仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E7%B7%AF%E5%84%80" title="经纬仪">经纬仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E5%B0%BA" title="比例尺">比例尺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">角度</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由角規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="sliding T bevel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%A7%92%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由角规（页面不存在）">自由角规</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sliding_T_bevel" class="extiw" title="en:sliding T bevel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">sliding T bevel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E8%A7%92%E5%99%A8" title="量角器">量角器</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">长度和角度</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%B0%BA" title="三角尺">三角尺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E5%B0%BA_(%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7)" title="曲尺 (工具)">曲尺</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="組合角尺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Combination_square"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E8%A7%92%E5%B0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="组合角尺（页面不存在）">组合角尺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination_square" class="extiw" title="en:Combination square"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Combination_square</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E5%B0%BA" title="角尺">角尺</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="速度角尺" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Speed square"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9F%E5%BA%A6%E8%A7%92%E5%B0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="速度角尺（页面不存在）">速度角尺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_square" class="extiw" title="en:Speed square"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Speed square</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E5%B0%BA" title="丁字尺">丁字尺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">水平与垂直</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E7%AE%A1" title="水准管">水准管</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">水准仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B3%E5%84%80" title="激光水平仪">激光水平仪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%96%97" title="墨斗">墨斗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%98%E7%90%83" title="锤球">锤球</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">机械加工</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%8A%9B" title="万力">万力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%B7" title="治具">治具</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E7%B4%8B%E8%A6%8F" title="螺纹规">螺纹规</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84%E6%A0%B7%E6%9D%BF" title="半径样板">半径样板</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%83%E9%87%8F%E5%BA%8A" title="三次元量床">三次元量床</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="製圖機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drafting machine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A3%BD%E5%9C%96%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="制图机（页面不存在）">制图机</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drafting_machine" class="extiw" title="en:Drafting machine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drafting machine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="劃線規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marking gauge"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%83%E7%B7%9A%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="划线规（页面不存在）">划线规</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marking_gauge" class="extiw" title="en:Marking gauge"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marking gauge</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="量測桿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Measuring rod"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E6%B8%AC%E6%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量测杆（页面不存在）">量测杆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_rod" class="extiw" title="en:Measuring rod"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Measuring rod</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Skirret" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Skirret (tool)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skirret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skirret（页面不存在）">Skirret</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skirret_(tool)" class="extiw" title="en:Skirret (tool)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Skirret (tool)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E9%9D%A2%E6%A8%A1%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="版面模子">版面模子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E9%87%8D%E7%A7%A4" title="计重秤">计重秤</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扭曲棒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Winding stick"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%AD%E6%9B%B2%E6%A3%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扭曲棒（页面不存在）">扭曲棒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winding_stick" class="extiw" title="en:Winding stick"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Winding stick</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工具类型" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q123588392"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工具类型（页面不存在）">工具种类</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">维基数据所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123588392" class="extiw" title="d:Q123588392"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q123588392</span></a></span>）</span></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%89%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="Template:手动工具">手动</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="Template:动力工具">电动</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%A1%E6%BA%96%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="Template:测量和校准工具">测量和校准</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="Template:园艺工具">园艺工具</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="Template:木工">木工</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%88%87%E5%89%B2%E5%92%8C%E7%A3%A8%E6%96%99%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="Template:切割和磨料工具">切割和磨料</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A4%90%E5%85%B7" title="Template:餐具">餐具</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%84%80%E5%99%A8%E8%88%87%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99" title="Template:电子仪器与测量设备">电子仪器与测量</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99" title="Template:实验室设备">实验室设备</a></dd></dl> 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