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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Element_attributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Element_attributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Element attributes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Element_attributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Examples </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Examples subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Simple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Simple </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-More_elaborate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_elaborate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 More elaborate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-More_elaborate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Syntax </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Syntax subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Pitch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Setting_the_key" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_the_key"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Setting the key </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_the_key-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidentals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidentals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Accidentals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidentals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transpose_and_transposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transpose_and_transposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Transpose and transposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transpose_and_transposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Rhythm </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Setting_the_time_signature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_the_time_signature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Setting the time signature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_the_time_signature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removing_the_time_signature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removing_the_time_signature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Removing the time signature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removing_the_time_signature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pick_up_measure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pick_up_measure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Pick up measure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pick_up_measure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customizing_beams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customizing_beams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 Customizing beams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customizing_beams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adding_lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adding_lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Adding lyrics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adding_lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adding_chord_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adding_chord_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Adding chord names </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adding_chord_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adding_whitespace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;">This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>. <div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:SCORE&redirect=no">H:SCORE</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <code class="nowrap" style=""><score>...</score></code> element in wikitext displays a musical score out of GNU <a href="/wiki/LilyPond" title="LilyPond">LilyPond</a> (the default) or <a href="/wiki/ABC_notation" title="ABC notation">ABC</a> markup syntax. It also produces a <a href="/wiki/Help:Media_(MIDI)" title="Help:Media (MIDI)">MIDI file</a> of the music and optionally displays an audio player that plays the music. It is implemented by the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Score" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Score">Score extension</a> for <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, available across Wikipedia languages. For LilyPond resources, see <a href="#External_links">§ External links</a>. As of August 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Score&action=edit">[update]</a>, the extension on Wikipedia is using LilyPond v2.22.0 (check <a href="/wiki/Special:Version" title="Special:Version">Special:Version</a> for the current version). Changes to LilyPond since version 2.18 are documented <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.20/Documentation/changes/">here</a>. Note that LilyPond's full syntax is available when the extension is invoked with the wikitext <code class="nowrap" style=""><score raw="1"></code>. A plain <code class="nowrap" style=""><score></code> invokes a simplified implementation that is not fully consistent with the LilyPond documentation. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Element_attributes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Element_attributes">Element attributes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Element attributes">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Attribute</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>lang="ABC"</code></td> <td>use <a href="/wiki/ABC_notation" title="ABC notation">ABC notation</a> (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnotation.com/wiki/abc:standard:v2.1">standard documentation</a>; many parts newer than 1.6 are unsupported, so preview often) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>lang="lilypond"</code></td> <td>use LilyPond notation (default, see <a href="#Syntax">#Syntax</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>sound="1"</code></td> <td>add an audio player beneath the score image to play an automatically-generated <a href="/wiki/Ogg_Vorbis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogg Vorbis">Ogg Vorbis</a> audio file </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>raw="1"</code></td> <td>interpret the markup within the <code>score</code> tag as a complete LilyPond file, allowing more complex scores </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>midi="1"</code></td> <td>obsolete This used to control whether the score image links to an automatically-generated <a href="/wiki/Musical_Instrument_Digital_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical Instrument Digital Interface">MIDI</a> file; clicking the score now always shows a JavaScript pop-up with a link to the MIDI file. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>override_midi="…"</code></td> <td>deprecated replace the automatically-generated MIDI file by the given one </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>override_audio="…"</code></td> <td>deprecated replace the automatically-generated audio file by the given one </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>override_ogg="…"</code></td> <td>deprecated alias for <code>override_audio</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>vorbis="1"</code></td> <td>deprecated alias for <code>sound</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> If there is a MIDI file or audio file of superior quality to the MIDI or audio generated by the Score extension, you can provide a <code>[[File::]]</code> wikilink to it after the closing <code></score></code> tag. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples">Examples</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simple" data-mw-thread-id="h-Simple-Examples">Simple</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Simple">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score> {c' d' e' f' g' fis' es' cis' c'2} </score> </pre></div> gives <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/l/j/ljl7r6ng2reh6n26lcw2e2q0kz8i3nh/ljl7r6ng.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/l/j/ljl7r6ng2reh6n26lcw2e2q0kz8i3nh/ljl7r6ng.png" width="284" height="59" alt=" {c' d' e' f' g' fis' es' cis' c'2} "/></div> Equivalent in ABC notation: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="ABC"> L:1/4 CDEF | G^F_E^C | C2 </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="More_elaborate" data-mw-thread-id="h-More_elaborate-Examples">More elaborate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: More elaborate">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score sound="1"> \transpose c g \relative c' { % display G for C, etc. and one octave higher \key c \minor \time 4/4 c4 e8 e g4 g % (text after the % is just a comment) <c es g>2 <c es g> % angle brackets create chords es4 d( c b) % parentheses create slurs a4. r8 r8 a8 ~ a4 % r creates rests; ~ creates ties e-- e-> e-. g\fermata % accents and other signs \bar "|." } </score> </pre></div> gives <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/g/w/gwvy7e1vxxoy88y2gohxx3abwb6ub49/gwvy7e1v.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/g/w/gwvy7e1vxxoy88y2gohxx3abwb6ub49/gwvy7e1v.png" width="619" height="60" alt=" \transpose c g \relative c'{ \key c \minor \time 4/4 c4 e8 e g4 g % (text after the % is just a comment) <c es g>2 <c es g> % angle brackets create chords es4 d( c b) % parentheses create slurs a4. r8 r8 a8 ~ a4 % r creates rests; ~ creates ties e-- e-> e-. g\fermata % accents and other signs \bar "|." } % This is just a comment line. "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/g/w/gwvy7e1vxxoy88y2gohxx3abwb6ub49/gwvy7e1v.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/g/w/gwvy7e1vxxoy88y2gohxx3abwb6ub49/gwvy7e1v.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> Equivalent in ABC (pre-transposed due to differing semantics): <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="ABC"> K: Gm M: 4/4 L: 1/4 G =B/2B/2 dd | % a comment [gbd']2 [gbd']2 | % square brackets create chords (not supported by abc2ly) b (ag^e) | % parentheses create slurs =e3/2 z/2 z/2 c/2-c % z creates rests; – creates ties !tenuto!=B LB .B HB % see standard section "Decorations" (not supported by abc2ly) |] </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Syntax" data-mw-thread-id="h-Syntax">Syntax</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</div> The score section must be surrounded by <code class="nowrap" style=""><score>...</score></code>. The notes must be within a set of curly braces <code>{...}</code>. Comments in the markup start with a percentage sign <code>%</code> and end at the end of the line. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitch" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pitch-Syntax">Pitch</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pitch">edit</a>]</div> To display a note, type the letter (<code>a b c</code> etc.) Separate each letter with a space. The bare note name refers to the natural note irrespective of key signature (see "setting the key" below). These letters are as in English and Dutch, not as in German and many other continental languages (FYI: continental b means b flat and continental h means b – if you find that confusing, forget it). Sharps and flats are formed by using the Dutch and German suffixes "is" and "es" respectively. To avoid "ees", the note E♭ is simply written as <code>es</code>. The simple <a href="/wiki/Accidental_(music)" title="Accidental (music)">accidentals</a> are thus <code>ais bis cis dis eis fis gis</code> for the sharps and <code>aes bes ces des es fes ges</code> for the flats. English language editors may prefer to include the line <code>\language "english"</code> in the script, after which <code>s</code> for sharp and <code>f</code> for flat can be used: <code>as bs cs ds es fs gs</code> and <code>af bf cf df ef ff gf</code>. Double sharps are formed with the suffix <code>isis</code> and double flats with <code>eses</code>, or in English notation with <code>ss</code> or <code>x</code> and <code>ff</code>. Semi-sharps, -flats and sesqui-sharps and -flats are also supported in both English and German. See: <a href="#Accidentals">#Accidentals</a>. By default, each note name refers to the note below middle C. For example, <code>a</code> would be displayed as <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/6/d65hongyq4lgwocl2yo5uajwfw6t89h/d65hongy.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/d/6/d65hongyq4lgwocl2yo5uajwfw6t89h/d65hongy.png" width="63" height="59" alt="\new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }{a}"/></div> or <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/m/mmsk67kded2tiy0n6e7tuiizbeug4ba/mmsk67kd.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/m/mmsk67kded2tiy0n6e7tuiizbeug4ba/mmsk67kd.png" width="63" height="33" alt="\new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }{\clef bass a}"/></div>. Use the apostrophe (<code>'</code>) to go up an octave and a comma (<code>,</code>) to go an octave down. Middle C would be <code>c'</code> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/5/j/5jauvleatqcd21kcyx55vtdwoxrgb2d/5jauvlea.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/5/j/5jauvleatqcd21kcyx55vtdwoxrgb2d/5jauvlea.png" width="63" height="52" alt="\new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" }{ c'}"/></div>. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> <score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> { a,, c, e, a, c e a c' % Middle C e' a' c'' e'' a'' c''' e''' g''' \bar "||" aes'' bes'' gis'' dis'' aeses'' beses'' gisis'' disis'' \bar "||" aeh'' beseh'' gih'' disih'' \bar "||" \language "english" af'' bf'' gs'' ds'' aff'' bff'' gss'' bx'' \bar "||" aqf'' btqf'' gqs'' dtqs'' } </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/i/w/iw1gsmftwfkgizyrz3fsrnsw1z7ui00/iw1gsmft.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/i/w/iw1gsmftwfkgizyrz3fsrnsw1z7ui00/iw1gsmft.png" width="763" height="196" alt=" { a,, c, e, a, c e a c' %Middle C e' a' c'' e'' a'' c''' e''' g''' \bar "||" aes'' bes'' gis'' dis'' aeses'' beses'' gisis'' disis'' \bar "||" aeh'' beseh'' gih'' disih'' \bar "||" \language "english" af'' bf'' gs'' ds'' aff'' bff'' gss'' bx'' \bar "||" aqf'' btqf'' gqs'' dtqs'' } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/i/w/iw1gsmftwfkgizyrz3fsrnsw1z7ui00/iw1gsmft.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/i/w/iw1gsmftwfkgizyrz3fsrnsw1z7ui00/iw1gsmft.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> A much easier way is to use relative coding. If you include <code>\relative</code> before the braces, each note will refer to the note closest to the previous one, and the first one will refer to the note closest to the one mentioned after the <code>\relative</code> tag. ("Closest" ignores sharps and flats.) Use <code>'</code> to go up an extra octave and <code>,</code> to go down. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> <score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> \relative c' { e f <c e g>2 a'4( b c) c, d8 e f16 g a b c4. a8 e' f g, f r \autoBeamOff e d c b4 a g b-> c2.-> r4 \bar "|." } </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/i/mios9402trucq4uivlvehfr4e3atp88/mios9402.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/i/mios9402trucq4uivlvehfr4e3atp88/mios9402.png" width="651" height="64" alt=" \relative c' { e f <c e g>2 a'4( b c) c, d8 e f16 g a b c4. a8 e' f g, f r \autoBeamOff e d c b4 a g b-> c2.-> r4 \bar "|." } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/i/mios9402trucq4uivlvehfr4e3atp88/mios9402.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/m/i/mios9402trucq4uivlvehfr4e3atp88/mios9402.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Setting_the_key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Setting_the_key-Pitch">Setting the key</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Setting the key">edit</a>]</div> By default there is no key signature (no sharps or flats). You can indicate the key with <code>\key g \major</code>, <code>\key c \minor</code>, or even a <a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">mode</a> such as <code>\key c \<a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">dorian</a></code> or <code>\key c \<a href="/wiki/Mixolydian_mode" title="Mixolydian mode">mixolydian</a></code>. The key can be changed at any point. Keep in mind that even with a key signature, you must still include sharps (-is) and flats (-es) for each individual note name. If you omit one, it will be considered a natural. For example, this is the key of Gb major: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> \relative c' { \key ges \major \time 6/8 % Notes with -es suffixes indicating flats des8 es ges aes bes ces % Notes without accidentals (naturals) b c d e g a } </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/7/h731ma4roqba7a7znpdhztyreu60elk/h731ma4r.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/7/h731ma4roqba7a7znpdhztyreu60elk/h731ma4r.png" width="341" height="56" alt=" \relative c' { \key ges \major \time 6/8 % Notes with -es suffixes indicating flats des8 es ges aes bes ces % Notes without accidentals (naturals) b c d e g a } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/7/h731ma4roqba7a7znpdhztyreu60elk/h731ma4r.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/7/h731ma4roqba7a7znpdhztyreu60elk/h731ma4r.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accidentals" data-mw-thread-id="h-Accidentals-Pitch">Accidentals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Accidentals">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Accidental_(music)" title="Accidental (music)">Accidentals</a> may be indicated by following the note name with the appropriate text: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/File:Doubleflat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double flat"><img alt="double flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/8px-Doubleflat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/12px-Doubleflat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Doubleflat.svg/16px-Doubleflat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200"/></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/File:Three_quarter_flat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="three quarter flat"><img alt="three quarter flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Three_quarter_flat.svg/10px-Three_quarter_flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Three_quarter_flat.svg/15px-Three_quarter_flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Three_quarter_flat.svg/20px-Three_quarter_flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="200"/></a> </th> <th>♭ </th> <th><a href="/wiki/File:Llpd-%C2%BD.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="half flat"><img alt="half flat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Llpd-%C2%BD.svg/4px-Llpd-%C2%BD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Llpd-%C2%BD.svg/7px-Llpd-%C2%BD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Llpd-%C2%BD.svg/9px-Llpd-%C2%BD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="77" data-file-height="200"/></a> </th> <th>♮ </th> <th><a href="/wiki/File:Arabic_music_notation_half_sharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="half sharp"><img alt="half sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Arabic_music_notation_half_sharp.svg/6px-Arabic_music_notation_half_sharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Arabic_music_notation_half_sharp.svg/9px-Arabic_music_notation_half_sharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Arabic_music_notation_half_sharp.svg/12px-Arabic_music_notation_half_sharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="200"/></a> </th> <th>♯ </th> <th><a href="/wiki/File:Llpd%2B1%C2%BD.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="three quarter sharp"><img alt="three quarter sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Llpd%2B1%C2%BD.svg/8px-Llpd%2B1%C2%BD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Llpd%2B1%C2%BD.svg/12px-Llpd%2B1%C2%BD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Llpd%2B1%C2%BD.svg/16px-Llpd%2B1%C2%BD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="200"/></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleSharp.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="double sharp"><img alt="double sharp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/7px-DoubleSharp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/10px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/DoubleSharp.svg/14px-DoubleSharp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6" data-file-height="7"/></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>De </th> <td>eses </td> <td>eseh </td> <td>es </td> <td>eh </td> <td rowspan="2">! </td> <td>ih </td> <td>is </td> <td>isih </td> <td>isis </td></tr> <tr> <th>En </th> <td>ff </td> <td>tqf </td> <td>f </td> <td>qf </td> <td>qs </td> <td>s </td> <td>tqs </td> <td>ss or x </td></tr></tbody></table> Note that E♭ is "es" alone, rather than "ees". "q" and "tq" refer to "quarter" and "three-quarter" (rather than "hf" for "half flat" and "thf" for "three-half flat"), as in "<a href="/wiki/Quarter_tone" title="Quarter tone">quarter tone</a>". However, the "quarter flat/sharp" is not a quarter of a flat/sharp, but instead half of a flat/sharp, and the "three-quarter flat/sharp" is 1.5 flats not 0.75 flats. Notes outside of the quarter-tone scale are not supported. German: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c'' { \time 4/4 aeses1 aeseh aes aeh a! aih ais aisih aisis } } </score> </pre></div> English: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c'' { \time 4/4 \language "english" aff1 atqf af aqf a! aqs as atqs ass } } </score> </pre></div> Both result in: <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/5/r530lnmezwvymdf6eqauaiiwjtld5vv/r530lnme.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/5/r530lnmezwvymdf6eqauaiiwjtld5vv/r530lnme.png" width="552" height="52" alt=" { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c'' { \time 4/4 \language "english" aff1 atqf af aqf a! aqs as atqs ass } } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/5/r530lnmezwvymdf6eqauaiiwjtld5vv/r530lnme.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/r/5/r530lnmezwvymdf6eqauaiiwjtld5vv/r530lnme.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transpose_and_transposition" data-mw-thread-id="h-Transpose_and_transposition-Pitch">Transpose and transposition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transpose and transposition">edit</a>]</div> If, for some reason, a piece needs to be transposed to a different key, it is possible to do so without having to transcribe it manually. This also affects the key signature. The syntax for this is: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>\transpose frompitch topitch musicexpr </pre></div> For example: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="lilypond" sound="1">\transpose c es { \relative c' { \key c \major \time 4/4 c4 d e f g a b c } } </score> </pre></div> Results in: <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/y/0y3bgiv213as061pam3iovtz27uddy8/0y3bgiv2.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/y/0y3bgiv213as061pam3iovtz27uddy8/0y3bgiv2.png" width="261" height="52" alt="\transpose c es { \relative c' { \key c \major \time 4/4 c4 d e f g a b c } } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/y/0y3bgiv213as061pam3iovtz27uddy8/0y3bgiv2.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/y/0y3bgiv213as061pam3iovtz27uddy8/0y3bgiv2.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> MIDI output can be transpositioned with the <code>\transposition <pitch></code> command. The French horn (in C) motif from the opening of Schubert's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Schubert)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Schubert)">last symphony</a>, transpositioned one octave down: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score sound="1"> \relative c' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn" \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = #0.7 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = #1.0 \tempo "Andante" \tempo 4 = 80 \transposition c \key c \major \time 2/2 c'2->\p d4 e4 | a,4.-> b8 c2 | f4.-> d8 e2 | g-> d4 e | a,4.-> b8 c2 | d4.-> e8 c2 | d2.\pp e4 | c1 } </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/s/v/svju42z9dm6zelhmgzxzhb3lp6g7iij/svju42z9.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/s/v/svju42z9dm6zelhmgzxzhb3lp6g7iij/svju42z9.png" width="733" height="75" alt=" \relative c' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"french horn" \set Staff.midiMinimumVolume = #0.7 \set Staff.midiMaximumVolume = #1.0 \tempo "Andante" \tempo 4 = 80 \transposition c \key c \major \time 2/2 c'2->\p d4 e4 | a,4.-> b8 c2 | f4.-> d8 e2 | g-> d4 e | a,4.-> b8 c2 | d4.-> e8 c2 | d2.\pp e4 | c1 } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/s/v/svju42z9dm6zelhmgzxzhb3lp6g7iij/svju42z9.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/s/v/svju42z9dm6zelhmgzxzhb3lp6g7iij/svju42z9.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> The <code>\transposition</code> command is mainly intended for scores that incolve transposing instruments not set in concert pitch. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score sound="1"> \new GrandStaff << \new Staff = "violin" \with { instrumentName = "Vln" midiInstrument = "violin" } \relative c'' { % not strictly necessary, but a good reminder \transposition c' \key c \major g4( c8) r c r c4 } \new Staff = "clarinet" \with { instrumentName = \markup { Cl (B\flat) } midiInstrument = "clarinet" } \relative c'' { \transposition bes \key d \major a4( d8) r d r d4 } >> </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/fag0qmtcgs6j5chrgs8jb9ofxz2bu04/fag0qmtc.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/fag0qmtcgs6j5chrgs8jb9ofxz2bu04/fag0qmtc.png" width="238" height="115" alt=" \new GrandStaff << \new Staff = "violin" \with { instrumentName = "Vln" midiInstrument = "violin" } \relative c'' { % not strictly necessary, but a good reminder \transposition c' \key c \major g4( c8) r c r c4 } \new Staff = "clarinet" \with { instrumentName = \markup { Cl (B\flat) } midiInstrument = "clarinet" } \relative c'' { \transposition bes \key d \major a4( d8) r d r d4 } >> "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/fag0qmtcgs6j5chrgs8jb9ofxz2bu04/fag0qmtc.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/fag0qmtcgs6j5chrgs8jb9ofxz2bu04/fag0qmtc.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythm" data-mw-thread-id="h-Rhythm-Syntax">Rhythm</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rhythm">edit</a>]</div> Note duration is indicated by a number following the pitch with no space between (<code>a4 b8</code>). Use the number 1 for a whole note (semibreve), 2 for a half note (minim), 4 for a quarter note (crotchet), 8 for an eighth note (quaver), and so on. If a note does not have an explicit duration, it will either default to a quarter note or use the duration of the note preceding it. Rests are indicated by using the letter <code>r</code> instead of a pitch. Dotted notes are formed simply by following the duration number with a period (<code>c4.</code>). <a href="/wiki/Tuplet" title="Tuplet">Tuplets</a> are indicated using the <code>\times</code> command, for example <code>\times 2/3 {c8 c c}</code> gives a triplet of three eight-notes (quavers). <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre> <score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> \relative c''{b1 b2 b4 b8 c r4 b4. r8 \times 2/3 {a8 g f}} </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/famzz5p9g1qfj1rgxry0itzprdn9gxx/famzz5p9.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/famzz5p9g1qfj1rgxry0itzprdn9gxx/famzz5p9.png" width="384" height="57" alt=" \relative c''{b1 b2 b4 b8 c r4 b4. r8 \times 2/3 {a8 g f}} "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/famzz5p9g1qfj1rgxry0itzprdn9gxx/famzz5p9.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/a/famzz5p9g1qfj1rgxry0itzprdn9gxx/famzz5p9.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Setting_the_time_signature" data-mw-thread-id="h-Setting_the_time_signature-Rhythm">Setting the time signature</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Setting the time signature">edit</a>]</div> The default <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time signature</a> is 4/4. To set another time signature, one may use the <code>\time</code> command. For example to set the time signature to cut-time one would use <code>\time 2/2</code> and waltz time would be <code>\time 3/4</code>. The time signature may be changed at almost any point. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Removing_the_time_signature" data-mw-thread-id="h-Removing_the_time_signature-Rhythm">Removing the time signature</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Removing the time signature">edit</a>]</div> For some music examples, removing the time signature may be desirable; the code <code>\remove "Time_signature_engraver"</code> can be used in that case: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score> { \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" } <d' fis' a'>2 } </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/6/k/6ka4xeftvaz7d2od0rzovndps2iurr2/6ka4xeft.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/6/k/6ka4xeftvaz7d2od0rzovndps2iurr2/6ka4xeft.png" width="72" height="52" alt="{ \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" } <d' fis' a'>2 }"/></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pick_up_measure" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pick_up_measure-Rhythm">Pick up measure</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pick up measure">edit</a>]</div> The code <code>\partial 4</code> will create a pickup measure (<a href="/wiki/Anacrusis" title="Anacrusis">anacrusis</a>) of one quarter note, <code>\partial 4*2</code> would create a pickup measure of two quarter notes, etc. See an example in the Adding Lyrics section of this article. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Customizing_beams" data-mw-thread-id="h-Customizing_beams-Rhythm">Customizing beams</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Customizing beams">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/n/9n3s8qlzk7jgnu47eeqiq24aorqmnl3/9n3s8qlz.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/n/9n3s8qlzk7jgnu47eeqiq24aorqmnl3/9n3s8qlz.png" width="144" height="52" alt=" \relative c'' { \time 3/4 r4. g8 a8 b8 } "/></div> The software occasionally combines beamed notes in places that are not desired or look awkward. To override the automatic beams, use <code>\noBeam</code> between the notes that would otherwise be beamed: <code>g a b \noBeam g</code>. To turn off beaming for many notes, use <code>\autoBeamOff</code> and then <code>\autoBeamOn</code>. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score> \relative c'' { \time 3/4 r4. g8 \noBeam a8 b8 } </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/3/8/38np7kjyvialow0b84b4ubu12fcgh3b/38np7kjy.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/3/8/38np7kjyvialow0b84b4ubu12fcgh3b/38np7kjy.png" width="145" height="52" alt=" \relative c'' { \time 3/4 r4. g8 \noBeam a8 b8 } "/></div> To manually beam notes, use square brackets inserting the first one after the first note to be beamed: <code>a8 b[ c d e] f</code>. This would beam the notes b, c, d, and e, but leave the first and last notes without beams. <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/n/fnrum0vdsgo1t7d60fv3mu45mjd16w6/fnrum0vd.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/f/n/fnrum0vdsgo1t7d60fv3mu45mjd16w6/fnrum0vd.png" width="167" height="52" alt=" \relative c''{a8 b[ c d e] f}"/></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adding_lyrics" data-mw-thread-id="h-Adding_lyrics-Syntax">Adding lyrics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Adding lyrics">edit</a>]</div> You can add lyrics to the score using <code>\addlyrics</code>. See the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lilypond.org/doc/v2.22/Documentation/learning/aligning-lyrics-to-a-melody">LilyPond Manual</a> for more information about how to align the lyrics to the score. <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score raw="1" lang="lilypond"> \header { tagline = "" % no footer title = "Good Morning" composer = "trad." } \relative g' { \key g \major \time 3/4 \partial 4 d e d g fis2 d4 e d a' g2 d4 d' b g fis e c' b g a g2 \fermata \bar "|." } \addlyrics { Good mor -- ning to you, Good mor -- ning to you, Good mor -- ning dear chil -- dren, Good mor -- ning to all. } </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/s/u/sujrptarno5z9wr9kadgp21haavoru8/sujrptar.png" width="763" height="199" alt=" \header { tagline = "" % no footer title = "Good Morning" composer = "trad." } \relative g' { \key g \major \time 3/4 \partial 4 d e d g fis2 d4 e d a' g2 d4 d' b g fis e c' b g a g2 \fermata \bar "|." } \addlyrics { Good mor -- ning to you, Good mor -- ning to you, Good mor -- ning dear chil -- dren, Good mor -- ning to all. } "/></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adding_chord_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Adding_chord_names-Syntax">Adding chord names</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Adding chord names">edit</a>]</div> Chord names can be added as a separate ChordNames staff as follows: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> << \new ChordNames \chordmode { \set chordChanges = ##t % Only display chord when there is a change (e.g., don't repeat the Am here) a4:m a4:m |% measure 1 – A7 would be a:7 g2 |% measure 2 } \new Staff \relative c''{ \key a \dorian \time 2/4 a8 a16 a a8 a16 a |% measure 1 b8 a g4 |% measure 2 } >> </score> </pre></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/1/6/168z5okkuj893on7uzgycrjg8se32y0/168z5okk.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/1/6/168z5okkuj893on7uzgycrjg8se32y0/168z5okk.png" width="292" height="66" alt=" << \new ChordNames \chordmode { \set chordChanges = ##t a4:m a4:m |% measure 1 g2 |% measure 2 } \new Staff \relative c''{ \key a \dorian \time 2/4 a8 a16 a a8 a16 a |% measure 1 b8 a g4 |% measure 2 } >> "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/1/6/168z5okkuj893on7uzgycrjg8se32y0/168z5okk.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/1/6/168z5okkuj893on7uzgycrjg8se32y0/168z5okk.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> The letter <code>s</code> can be used in the ChordNames staff in place of <code>r</code> (the code for a rest) when there is no chord. An <code>r</code> will result in an explicit "No Chord" notation <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/a/7/a798ep5ovnm6ltpixwohr2j0l9gimoi/a798ep5o.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/a/7/a798ep5ovnm6ltpixwohr2j0l9gimoi/a798ep5o.png" width="78" height="58" alt="<<\new ChordNames \chordmode {r2} \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" } \relative c''{c}>>"/></div> whereas the <code>s</code> will result in correct spacing, but no chord name notation will appear. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adding_whitespace" data-mw-thread-id="h-Adding_whitespace-Syntax">Adding whitespace</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Adding whitespace">edit</a>]</div> The letter <code>s</code> followed by a note duration adds an appropriate amount of whitespace: <table> <tbody><tr> <th>With <code>s4</code> and <code>s1</code></th> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th>Without whitespace </th></tr> <tr> <th><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/k/hkejiwa94r7hzpoht3g33ymbolalgqr/hkejiwa9.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/k/hkejiwa94r7hzpoht3g33ymbolalgqr/hkejiwa9.png" width="180" height="127" alt=" \new GrandStaff << \time 5/4 \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \magnifyStaff 1.5 } { s4 c'1 } \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \magnifyStaff 1.5 \clef bass } { s4 s1 } >> "/></div> </th> <th><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/t/l/tlf2bw9hmuju4mqb9eb6nsjb79f2rzj/tlf2bw9h.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/t/l/tlf2bw9hmuju4mqb9eb6nsjb79f2rzj/tlf2bw9h.png" width="158" height="127" alt=" \new GrandStaff << \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \magnifyStaff 1.5 } { c'1 } \new Staff \with { \remove "Time_signature_engraver" \magnifyStaff 1.5 \clef bass } { } >> "/></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Middle C centrally placed on a grand staff </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accents_and_other_symbols" data-mw-thread-id="h-Accents_and_other_symbols-Syntax">Accents and other symbols</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Accents and other symbols">edit</a>]</div> There are a number of symbols to attach to notes, such as <code>-^</code>. There are also <code>{e-> f-- g-+ a-. b\fermata c-_ d-!}</code> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score> \relative c' { e-> f-- g-+ a-. b\fermata c-_ d-! e-^ } </score> </pre></div> producing <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/q/3/q3ytrd6xzpov1blpckrizal08bgm75k/q3ytrd6x.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/q/3/q3ytrd6xzpov1blpckrizal08bgm75k/q3ytrd6x.png" width="240" height="54" alt=" \relative c' { e-> f-- g-+ a-. b\fermata c-_ d-! e-^ } "/></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color" data-mw-thread-id="h-Color-Syntax">Color</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Color">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score lang="lilypond" sound="1"> { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 7/4 \once \override NoteHead.color = #red c4 d \once \override NoteHead.color = #red e f \once \override NoteHead.color = #red g a b \time 2/4 c2 \bar "||" \time 4/4 <c, e g>1 \bar "||" } } </score> </pre></div> produces <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/5/05guwayjctcq77h4evyjfxn30u8r8rb/05guwayj.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/5/05guwayjctcq77h4evyjfxn30u8r8rb/05guwayj.png" width="297" height="52" alt=" { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 7/4 \once \override NoteHead.color = #red c4 d \once \override NoteHead.color = #red e f \once \override NoteHead.color = #red g a b \time 2/4 c2 \bar "||" \time 4/4 <c, e g>1 \bar "||" } } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/5/05guwayjctcq77h4evyjfxn30u8r8rb/05guwayj.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/5/05guwayjctcq77h4evyjfxn30u8r8rb/05guwayj.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MIDI_instruments" data-mw-thread-id="h-MIDI_instruments-Syntax">MIDI instruments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: MIDI instruments">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> instrument sounds can be assigned with <code>\set Staff.midiInstrument = #"instrument"</code> as documented in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lilypond.org/doc/v2.22/Documentation/notation/midi-instruments">section A6</a> of LilyPond's Notation Reference. Trial and error may be necessary: some instruments may not work unless the # is omitted, and some may not work with or without the #. <ul><li>The sound of each midi-instrument supported by LilyPond can be heard at <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Music/Software/Lilypond/MIDI" class="extiw" title="v:Music/Software/Lilypond/MIDI">v:Music/Software/Lilypond/MIDI</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <caption>From <a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Markup </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><pre class="template-markup"><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score sound="1"> \relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bassoon" \clef treble \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo "Lento" 4 = 50 \stemDown c4\fermata(_"solo ad lib." \grace { b16[( c] } b g e b' \times 2/3 { a8)\fermata } } </score> </pre></div></pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Renders as </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/6/960zgiksgu1wt1i1wu003iz9n8lbmvn/960zgiks.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/6/960zgiksgu1wt1i1wu003iz9n8lbmvn/960zgiks.png" width="198" height="112" alt=" \relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"bassoon" \clef treble \numericTimeSignature \time 4/4 \tempo "Lento" 4 = 50 \stemDown c4\fermata(_"solo ad lib." \grace { b16[( c] } b g e b' \times 2/3 { a8)\fermata } } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/6/960zgiksgu1wt1i1wu003iz9n8lbmvn/960zgiks.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/9/6/960zgiksgu1wt1i1wu003iz9n8lbmvn/960zgiks.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1260720223">.mw-parser-output div.template-markup-wrapper>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output div.template-markup-wrapper>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .template-markup{margin:0;border:none;word-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap}.mw-parser-output code.template-markup{padding:0}.mw-parser-output pre.template-markup{padding:2px 0 0}</style> <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th>Markup </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><pre class="template-markup"><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score sound="1"> { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \clef treble \tempo 8 = 126 \time 3/16 r16 <d c a fis d>\f-! r16\fermata | \time 2/16 r <d c a fis d>-! \time 3/16 r <d c a fis d>8-! | r16 <d c a fis d>8-! | \time 2/8 <d c a fis>16-! <e c bes g>->-![ <cis b aes f>-! <c a fis ees>-!] } \new Staff \relative c { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \clef bass \time 3/16 d,16-! <bes'' ees,>-! r\fermata | \time 2/16 <d,, d,>-! <bes'' ees,>-! | \time 3/16 d16-! <ees cis>8-! | r16 <ees cis>8-! | \time 2/8 d16\sf-! <ees cis>-!->[ <d c>-! <d c>-!] } >> } </score> </pre></div></pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Renders as </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/k/y/ky48i9lstd5ktzoofg106ugconekgkj/ky48i9ls.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/k/y/ky48i9lstd5ktzoofg106ugconekgkj/ky48i9ls.png" width="581" height="189" alt=" { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative c'' { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"violin" \clef treble \tempo 8 = 126 \override DynamicLineSpanner.staff-padding = #4 \time 3/16 r16 <d c a fis d>-! r16\fermata | \time 2/16 r <d c a fis d>-! \time 3/16 r <d c a fis d>8-! | r16 <d c a fis d>8-! | \time 2/8 <d c a fis>16-! <e c bes g>->-![ <cis b aes f>-! <c a fis ees>-!] } \new Staff \relative c { \set Staff.midiInstrument = #"cello" \clef bass \time 3/16 d,16-! <bes'' ees,>^\f-! r\fermata | \time 2/16 <d,, d,>-! <bes'' ees,>-! | \time 3/16 d16-! <ees cis>8-! | r16 <ees cis>8-! | \time 2/8 d16^\sf-! <ees cis>-!->[ <d c>-! <d c>-!] } >> } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/k/y/ky48i9lstd5ktzoofg106ugconekgkj/ky48i9ls.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/k/y/ky48i9lstd5ktzoofg106ugconekgkj/ky48i9ls.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1260720223"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repeated_sections_and_MIDI" data-mw-thread-id="h-Repeated_sections_and_MIDI-Syntax">Repeated sections and MIDI</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Repeated sections and MIDI">edit</a>]</div> To indicate a repeated section, prefix it with <code>\repeat volta 2</code>. The MIDI and audio will only play once unless you add <code>\unfoldRepeats</code>, which will also "unfold" the score. To avoid this you must duplicate the score, once for layout and once for MIDI, for example: <table class="wikitable" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th>Markup </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><pre class="template-markup"><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score raw="1" sound="1"> \header { tagline = "" } \score { \relative c' \repeat volta 2 {c d e f} \layout { } } \score { % "unfold" this score copy so MIDI plays the repeated section twice \unfoldRepeats { \relative c' \repeat volta 2 {c d e f} } \midi { } } </score> </pre></div></pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Renders as </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/r/0raqz8f672ha98r8ijzvimx7bmdrt9t/0raqz8f6.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/r/0raqz8f672ha98r8ijzvimx7bmdrt9t/0raqz8f6.png" width="159" height="52" alt=" \header { tagline = "" } \score { \relative c' \repeat volta 2 {c d e f} \layout { } } \score { % "unfold" this score copy so MIDI plays the repeated section twice \unfoldRepeats { \relative c' \repeat volta 2 {c d e f} } \midi { } } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/r/0raqz8f672ha98r8ijzvimx7bmdrt9t/0raqz8f6.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/0/r/0raqz8f672ha98r8ijzvimx7bmdrt9t/0raqz8f6.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1260720223"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiding_tempo" data-mw-thread-id="h-Hiding_tempo-Syntax">Hiding tempo</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Hiding tempo">edit</a>]</div> Metronome marks, as shown above, may be hidden with <code>\set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t</code>. <table class="wikitable" style=""> <caption>From <a href="/wiki/St_Matthew_Passion" title="St Matthew Passion">St Matthew Passion</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Markup </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><pre class="template-markup"><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lilypond mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><score sound="1"> { \new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \new Voice \relative c'' { \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 8 = 120 \stemUp \clef treble \key fis \minor \time 3/8 s4. | <gis' dis>8^.^( <gis dis>^. <gis dis>^.) | s4. | <fis cis>8^.^( <fis cis>^. <fis cis>^.) | s4. | fis16^( eis dis cis) <b' gis>8^. | <a fis>^. r r | s4 } \new Voice \relative c'' { \stemDown cis8[ d] cis | bis4. | b!32_([ cis d16 cis8)] b | ais4. | b8 a![_( gis)] | a fis[_( eis)] | fis \grace { e(} d4) | cis } \addlyrics { Buß - und Reu,– Buß4 und8 Reu– knirscht das Sün- den- herz ent- zwei } \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \key fis \minor \time 3/8 fis4.~_"Bar 13" | fis8 gis16( fis eis dis) | eis4. | e!8 fis16( e d cis) | d8( cis b) | cis4.~ | cis8 b16( a gis fis) | eis ^"173 bars"} >> >> } </score> </pre></div></pre></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Renders as </th> <td><div class="template-markup-wrapper"><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8byusluqmuhlitahhwdgoqyvdbqb1n/p8byuslu.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8byusluqmuhlitahhwdgoqyvdbqb1n/p8byuslu.png" width="766" height="345" alt=" { \new ChoirStaff << \new Staff << \new Voice \relative c'' { \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 8 = 120 \stemUp \clef treble \key fis \minor \time 3/8 s4. | <gis' dis>8^.^( <gis dis>^. <gis dis>^.) | s4. | <fis cis>8^.^( <fis cis>^. <fis cis>^.) | s4. | fis16^( eis dis cis) <b' gis>8^. | <a fis>^. r r | s4 } \new Voice \relative c'' { \stemDown cis8[ d] cis | bis4. | b!32_([ cis d16 cis8)] b | ais4. | b8 a![_( gis)] | a fis[_( eis)] | fis \grace { e(} d4) | cis } \addlyrics { Buß - und Reu,– Buß4 und8 Reu– knirscht das Sün- den- herz ent- zwei } \new Staff \relative c { \clef bass \key fis \minor \time 3/8 fis4.~_"Bar 13" | fis8 gis16( fis eis dis) | eis4. | e!8 fis16( e d cis) | d8( cis b) | cis4.~ | cis8 b16( a gis fis) | eis ^"173 bars"} >> >> } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8byusluqmuhlitahhwdgoqyvdbqb1n/p8byuslu.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/8/p8byusluqmuhlitahhwdgoqyvdbqb1n/p8byuslu.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1260720223"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual_staff_sizes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Individual_staff_sizes-Syntax">Individual staff sizes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Individual staff sizes">edit</a>]</div> Individual staff sizes can be changed with <code>\with{ \magnifyStaff #nn } </code>. Using <code>\with{ \magnifyStaff #2/3 } </code> after each instance of <code>\new Staff</code>, the example above renders as: <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/q/n/qnngtcj3nhu97p0tv1vh0wfjq9wsl1z/qnngtcj3.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/q/n/qnngtcj3nhu97p0tv1vh0wfjq9wsl1z/qnngtcj3.png" width="684" height="135" alt=" {\new ChoirStaff << \new Staff \with{ \magnifyStaff #2/3 } << \new Voice \relative c'' { \set Score.tempoHideNote = ##t \tempo 8 = 120 \stemUp \clef treble \key fis \minor \time 3/8 s4. | <gis' dis>8^.^( <gis dis>^. <gis dis>^.) | s4. | <fis cis>8^.^( <fis cis>^. <fis cis>^.) | s4. | fis16^( eis dis cis) <b' gis>8^. | <a fis>^. r r | s4 } \new Voice \relative c'' { \stemDown cis8[ d] cis | bis4. | b!32_([ cis d16 cis8)] b | ais4. | b8 a![_( gis)] | a fis[_( eis)] | fis \grace { e(} d4) | cis } \addlyrics { Buß - und Reu,– Buß4 und8 Reu– knirscht das Sün- den- herz ent- zwei } \new Staff \with{ \magnifyStaff #2/3 } \relative c { \clef bass \key fis \minor \time 3/8 fis4.~_"Bar 13" | fis8 gis16( fis eis dis) | eis4. | e!8 fis16( e d cis) | d8( cis b) | cis4.~ | cis8 b16( a gis fis) | eis ^"173 bars"} >> >> } "/><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/q/n/qnngtcj3nhu97p0tv1vh0wfjq9wsl1z/qnngtcj3.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/q/n/qnngtcj3nhu97p0tv1vh0wfjq9wsl1z/qnngtcj3.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> For more intricate details, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lilypond.org/doc/v2.22/Documentation/notation/setting-the-staff-size">"Setting the staff size"</a> in the LilyPond manual. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Image_frame" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_frame">Image frame</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Image frame">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alignment" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alignment-Image_frame">Alignment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Alignment">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/i/f/ifnvb0nesgw27k9l6t926etv44yfz99/ifnvb0ne.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/i/f/ifnvb0nesgw27k9l6t926etv44yfz99/ifnvb0ne.png" width="246" height="52" alt=" \relative c' { \clef treble \time 7/4 \hide Staff.TimeSignature c4 d e f g a b c2 } "/></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Diatonic scale on C, a "white note" scale</div></div></div> Use {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Image_frame" title="Template:Image frame">Image frame</a>}} to align scores to the left, center, or right. For example: <dl><dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>{{Image frame |content = <score> \relative c' { \clef treble \time 7/4 \hide Staff.TimeSignature c4 d e f g a b c2 } </score> |width=|caption = Diatonic scale on C, a "white note" scale }} </pre></div></dd></dl> results in the image to the right. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grouping" data-mw-thread-id="h-Grouping-Image_frame">Grouping</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Grouping">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:300px;"> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/r/hrbzo7lcrsdybesdi9u1vewkhb9r5mr/hrbzo7lc.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/h/r/hrbzo7lcrsdybesdi9u1vewkhb9r5mr/hrbzo7lc.png" width="232" height="61" alt=" { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 e4^\markup { Enharmonic genus } feh geses a b ceh deses e } } "/></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/2/x/2xugvac3p255ytvottjxgntqlnsy2do/2xugvac3.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/2/x/2xugvac3p255ytvottjxgntqlnsy2do/2xugvac3.png" width="221" height="61" alt=" { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 e4^\markup { Chromatic genus } f ges a b c des e } } "/></div> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/k/t/ktm63rrpx38rucyw8e47a8ayuefk7vb/ktm63rrp.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/k/t/ktm63rrpx38rucyw8e47a8ayuefk7vb/ktm63rrp.png" width="219" height="64" alt=" { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 e4^\markup { Diatonic genus } f g a b c d e } } "/></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">The three genera of the Dorian <a href="/wiki/Octave_species" title="Octave species">octave species</a> on E</div></div></div> {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Image_frame" title="Template:Image frame">Image frame</a>}} may also be used to group score images together. The text below creates the group of images to the right: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>{{Image frame|content=<score> { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 e4^\markup { Enharmonic genus } feh geses a b ceh deses e } } </score> <score> { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 e4^\markup { Chromatic genus } f ges a b c des e } } </score> <score> { \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \clef treble \time 4/4 e4^\markup { Diatonic genus } f g a b c d e } } </score>|width=300|caption=The three genera of the Dorian [[octave species]] on E}} </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Sheet_music" title="Search Wikisource"><img alt="Search Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"/></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has complementary help pages at <div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:Sheet_music" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Help:Sheet music">Help:Sheet music</a></div><div style="margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 4px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Help:LilyPond" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Help:LilyPond">Help:LilyPond</a></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PagesWithProp/score" title="Special:PagesWithProp/score">Special:PagesWithProp/score</a>, pages where <code class="nowrap" style=""><score>...</score></code> is used, or <a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Score_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Score extension">Category:Pages using the Score extension</a></li> <li>Pages with errors are shown in <a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_score_rendering_errors" title="Category:Pages with score rendering errors">Category:Pages with score rendering errors</a></li> <li>For some of the history of attempts to add LilyPond support, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GNU_LilyPond_support/historical_proposal" title="Wikipedia:GNU LilyPond support/historical proposal">Wikipedia:GNU LilyPond support/historical proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Music" title="Help:Music">Help:Music</a></li> <li>Template {{<a href="/wiki/Template:Music" title="Template:Music">Music</a>}} that displays a number of music symbols, mainly intended for inline use.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:Benutzer:Sinuhe20/Spielwiese" class="extiw" title="s:de:Benutzer:Sinuhe20/Spielwiese">Sinuhe20/Spielwiese</a> presents dozens of helpful examples, even for those who cannot read the German headings.</li> <li>A collection demonstrating some advanced features of LilyPond are at <a href="/wiki/User:Michael_Bednarek/LilyPond" title="User:Michael Bednarek/LilyPond">User:Michael Bednarek/LilyPond</a>.</li> <li>The German Tutorial <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/de:Kurs:Lilypond_f%C3%BCr_Wikis" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:de:Kurs:Lilypond für Wikis">Wikiversity:de:Kurs:Lilypond für Wikis</a> waiting to be translated into English. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de-m-wikiversity-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurs:Lilypond_f%C3%BCr_Wikis?_x_tr_sl=de&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=de&_x_tr_pto=wapp">Translated by Google</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Score&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lilypond.org/manuals.html">LilyPond notation documentation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.22/Documentation/notation-big-page.html">Complete LilyPond v2.22.0 manual</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lilypond.org/doc/v2.22/Documentation/notation.pdf">(in PDF)</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lilypond.org/snippets.html">LilyPond code snippets</a></li></ul> <div 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title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images, videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a> and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a> Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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