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standards</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: standards"> <meta name="keywords" content="standards"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="standards"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1951</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: standards</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1951</span> Selection Standards for National Teams: Theory and Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Kulik">Alexey Kulik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article deals with selection standards for national sport teams. The author examines the legal framework for selection criteria and suggests using the most honest criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20teams" title="national teams">national teams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards%20of%20forming%20teams" title=" standards of forming teams"> standards of forming teams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selection%20standards" title=" selection standards"> selection standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20legislations" title=" sport legislations"> sport legislations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6488/selection-standards-for-national-teams-theory-and-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1950</span> UK GAAP and IFRS Standards: Similarities and Differences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feddaoui%20Amina">Feddaoui Amina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aimed to help researchers and international companies to the differences and similarities between IFRS (International financial reporting standards) and UK GAAP or UK accounting principles, and to the accounting changes between standard setting of the International Accounting Standards Board and the Accounting Standards Board in United Kingdom. We will use in this study statistical methods to calculate similarities and difference frequencies between the UK standards and IFRS standards, according to the PricewaterhouseCoopers report in 2005. We will use the one simple test to confirm or refuse our hypothesis. In conclusion, we found that the gap between UK GAAP and IFRS is small. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting" title="accounting">accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UK%20GAAP" title=" UK GAAP"> UK GAAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IFRS" title=" IFRS"> IFRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarities" title=" similarities"> similarities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differences" title=" differences"> differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73469/uk-gaap-and-ifrs-standards-similarities-and-differences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1949</span> Development of Risk-Based Ambient Air Quality Standards in the Russian Federation on the Basis of Risk Assessment Procedures Harmonized with International Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20V.%20Zaitseva">Nina V. Zaitseva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Z.%20Shur"> Pavel Z. Shur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20G.%20Atiskova"> Nina G. Atiskova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays harmonization of sanitary and hygienic standards of environmental quality with international standards is crucial part of integration of Russia into the international community. Harmonization of Russian and international ambient air quality standards may be realized by risk-based standards development. In this paper approaches to risk-based standards development and examples of these approaches implementation are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonization" title="harmonization">harmonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk%20assessment" title=" health risk assessment"> health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20modelling" title=" evolutionary modelling"> evolutionary modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benchmark%20level" title=" benchmark level"> benchmark level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese" title=" manganese"> manganese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7703/development-of-risk-based-ambient-air-quality-standards-in-the-russian-federation-on-the-basis-of-risk-assessment-procedures-harmonized-with-international-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1948</span> Adoption and Diffusion of Valuation Standards in the Forensic Accounting Community and in Courts: Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matteo%20Manera">Matteo Manera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariateresa%20Torchia"> Mariateresa Torchia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20Moscato"> Gregory Moscato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forensic accounting is a hot subject of research in accounting. Valuation remains one of the major topics for practitioners. Valuation standards are a powerful instrument that can contribute to a fair process: their use aims at reducing subjectivity and arbitrary decisions in courts. In most jurisdictions, valuation standards are not the law: forensic accountants are not obliged to use valuation standards when they perform valuation works for judges. To date, as far as we know, no literature work has investigated adoption and diffusion of valuation standards in the forensic accounting space. In this paper, we analyze the spread of valuation standards through the lenses of isomorphism and -as corollaries- of Agency Theory and Signaling Theory. Because of lack of research in the particular area of valuation standards adoption, the present work relies on qualitative, exploratory research, based on semi-structured interviews conducted (up to saturation) with expert forensic accountants. Our work digs into motivations behind adoption and diffusion, as well into perceptions of forensic accountants around benefits of valuation standards and into barriers to their diffusion: the result is that, while the vast majority of forensic accountants praise the great work of the standards setters in introducing valuation standards, it might be that less than 50% of forensic accountants actually use valuation standards, in courts. Our preliminary findings, to be supported or refuted by future research, lead us to address a “trilogy” of recommendations to the stakeholders involved in the process of adoption and diffusion of valuation standards in courts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forensic%20accounting" title="forensic accounting">forensic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valuation%20standards" title=" valuation standards"> valuation standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption%20of%20standards" title=" adoption of standards"> adoption of standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivations" title=" motivations"> motivations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benefits" title=" benefits"> benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title=" barriers"> barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isomorphism" title=" Isomorphism"> Isomorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139052/adoption-and-diffusion-of-valuation-standards-in-the-forensic-accounting-community-and-in-courts-facilitating-and-inhibiting-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1947</span> Importance of Standards in Engineering and Technology Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Khan">Ahmed S. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Karim"> Amin Karim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the past several decades, the economy of each nation has been significantly affected by globalization and technology. Government regulations and private sector standards affect a majority of world trade. Countries have been working together to establish international standards in almost every field. As a result, workers in all sectors need to have an understanding of standards. Engineering and technology students must not only possess an understanding of engineering standards and applicable government codes, but also learn to apply them in designing, developing, testing and servicing products, processes and systems. Accreditation Board for Engineering & Technology (ABET) criteria for engineering and technology education require students to learn and apply standards in their class projects. This paper is a follow-up of a 2006-2009 NSF initiative awarded to IEEE to help develop tutorials and case study modules for students and encourage standards education at college campuses. It presents the findings of a faculty/institution survey conducted through various U.S.-based listservs representing the major engineering and technology disciplines. The intent of the survey was to the gauge the status of use of standards and regulations in engineering and technology coursework and to identify benchmark practices. In light of survey findings, recommendations are made to standards development organizations, industry, and academia to help enhance the use of standards in engineering and technology curricula. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards" title="standards">standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulations" title=" regulations"> regulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABET" title=" ABET"> ABET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE" title=" IEEE"> IEEE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering" title=" engineering"> engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20curricula" title=" technology curricula"> technology curricula</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41695/importance-of-standards-in-engineering-and-technology-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1946</span> Universal Design Building Standard for India: A Critical Inquiry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sushil%20Kumar%20Solanki">Sushil Kumar Solanki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachna%20Khare"> Rachna Khare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Universal Design is a concept of built environment creation, where all people are facilitated to the maximum extent possible without using any type of specialized design. However, accessible design is a design process in which the needs of people with disabilities are specifically considered. Building standards on accessibility contains scoping and technical requirements for accessibility to sites, facilities, building and elements by individual with disability. India is also following its prescriptive types of various building standards for the creation of physical environment for people with disabilities. These building standards are based on western models instead of research based standards to serve Indian needs. These standards lack contextual connect when reflects in its application in the urban and rural environment. This study focuses on critical and comparative study of various international building standards and codes, with existing Indian accessibility standards to understand problems and prospects of concept of Universal Design building standards for India. The result of this study is an analysis of existing state of Indian building standard pertaining to accessibility and future need of performance based Universal Design concept. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20standard" title=" building standard"> building standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built-environment" title=" built-environment"> built-environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20design" title=" universal design"> universal design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77824/universal-design-building-standard-for-india-a-critical-inquiry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1945</span> Steps towards the Development of National Health Data Standards in Developing Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20I.%20Alkraiji">Abdullah I. Alkraiji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20W.%20Jackson"> Thomas W. Jackson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Murray"> Ian Murray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proliferation of health data standards today is somewhat overlapping and conflicting, resulting in market confusion and leading to increasing proprietary interests. The government role and support in standardization for health data are thought to be crucial in order to establish credible standards for the next decade, to maximize interoperability across the health sector, and to decrease the risks associated with the implementation of non-standard systems. The normative literature missed out the exploration of the different steps required to be undertaken by the government towards the development of national health data standards. Based on the lessons learned from a qualitative study investigating the different issues to the adoption of health data standards in the major tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia and the opinions and feedback from different experts in the areas of data exchange and standards and medical informatics in Saudi Arabia and UK, a list of steps required towards the development of national health data standards was constructed. Main steps are the existence of: a national formal reference for health data standards, an agreed national strategic direction for medical data exchange, a national medical information management plan and a national accreditation body, and more important is the change management at the national and organizational level. The outcome of this study can be used by academics and practitioners to develop the planning of health data standards, and in particular those in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interoperabilty" title="interoperabilty">interoperabilty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20data%20exchange" title=" medical data exchange"> medical data exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20data%20standards" title=" health data standards"> health data standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia" title=" Saudi Arabia"> Saudi Arabia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3844/steps-towards-the-development-of-national-health-data-standards-in-developing-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1944</span> The International Labor Organization and the Formulation of International Labor Standards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahraoui%20Boualem">Tahraoui Boualem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Labor Organization is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and it is the only organization within the United Nations system that is distinguished by its tripartite legitimacy and which simultaneously includes governments, workers' and employers' organizations of its member states in a joint effort to set standards and policies Work to promote decent work in various parts of the world, and the expression of international labor standards basically means two types of documents, namely international labor agreements and international labor recommendations, and so far its general conference, which is held annually, has set a number of standards, the number of which has reached 184 agreements and 192 recommendations so far. For this reason, it is decided to clarify the International Labor Organization and the formulation of international labor standards within two sections. In the first topic, the researcher discusses the concept of the International Labor Organization, and in the second topic, it highlights the legal basis for the authority of the International Labor Organization in protecting the rights of workers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20labor" title="international labor">international labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20labor%20standards" title=" international labor standards"> international labor standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights%20of%20workers" title=" rights of workers"> rights of workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nation%E2%80%99s%20system" title=" nation’s system"> nation’s system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170985/the-international-labor-organization-and-the-formulation-of-international-labor-standards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1943</span> Subsidiary Strategy and Importance of Standards: Re-Interpreting the Integration-Responsiveness Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo-Ann%20M%C3%BCller">Jo-Ann Müller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The integration-responsiveness (IR) framework presents four distinct internationalization strategies which differ depending on the extent of pressure the company faces for local responsiveness and global integration. This study applies the framework to standards by examining differences in the relative importance of three types of standards depending on the role the subsidiary plays within the corporate group. Hypotheses are tested empirically in a two-stage procedure. First, the subsidiaries are grouped performing cluster analysis. In the second step, the relationship between cluster affiliation and subsidiary strategy is tested using multinomial Probit estimation. While the level of local responsiveness of a firm relates to the relative importance of national and international formal standards, the degree of vertical integration is associated with the application of internal company. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDI" title="FDI">FDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm-level%20data" title=" firm-level data"> firm-level data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards" title=" standards"> standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidiary%20strategy" title=" subsidiary strategy"> subsidiary strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48353/subsidiary-strategy-and-importance-of-standards-re-interpreting-the-integration-responsiveness-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1942</span> A Study on Fire Safety Standards through Case Study of Performance Based Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyung%20Hoon%20Park">Kyung Hoon Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Jun%20Kim"> Hyung Jun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Wook%20Song"> Jong Wook Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Super-tall building, large-scale and multi-purpose underground spaces reflect changes in construction trend. As current laws and codes such as Fire Services Act and construction codes are not enough to secure the fire safety of those structures and spaces, it is required to provide systemic supplement for performance-based design to establish or revise laws and technical standards to cope with the changes flexibly. In this study, the performance-based design standards of structures designed in Korea are compared with specification based design standards in an attempt to find the ways to establish fire safety standards for structures in Korea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20based%20design" title="performance based design">performance based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specification%20based%20design" title=" specification based design"> specification based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20safety%20design" title=" fire safety design"> fire safety design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20safety" title=" life safety"> life safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50437/a-study-on-fire-safety-standards-through-case-study-of-performance-based-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1941</span> Framework for Implementation of National Electrical Safety Grounding Standards for Communication Infrastructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atif%20Mahmood">Atif Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Inayatullah%20Khan%20Babar"> Mohammad Inayatullah Khan Babar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Communication infrastructure has been installed, operated, and maintained all over the world according to defined electrical safety standards for separate or joint structures. These safety standards have been set for the safeguard of public, utility workers (employees and contractors), utility facilities, electrical communication equipment’s connected to the utility facilities and other facilities or premise adjacent to utility facilities. Different communication utilities in Pakistan use standards of different countries due to the absence of Common National Electrical Safety Standards of Pakistan. It is really important to devise a framework for implementation of a uniform standard for strict compliance. In this context, it is important to explore the compliance of safety standards for communication conductors and equipment for separate or joint structures for which NESC standards are taken as reference. Specific reference to grounding techniques including grounding AC/DC systems and its frames, leaving Fences, Messenger wires and special circuits used for the protection for lightning etc, ungrounded so recommendations are also given after in-depth analysis of current technical practices for the installation and maintenance of communication infrastructure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utility%20facilities" title="utility facilities">utility facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding%20electrodes" title=" grounding electrodes"> grounding electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20circuits" title=" special circuits"> special circuits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding%20conductor" title=" grounding conductor"> grounding conductor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50493/framework-for-implementation-of-national-electrical-safety-grounding-standards-for-communication-infrastructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1940</span> Variations of Testing Concrete Mechanical Properties by European Standard and American Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Seyam">Ahmed M. Seyam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rita%20Nemes"> Rita Nemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salem%20Georges%20Nehme"> Salem Georges Nehme</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Europe and the United States have a worldwide significance in the field of concrete control and construction; according to that, a lot of countries adopted their standards and regulations in the concrete field, as proof of the Europe and US strong standards and due to lack of own regulations. The main controlled property of concrete are the compressive strength, flexure tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity as it relates both to its bearing capacity and to the durability of the elements built with it, so in this paper, ASTM standard and EN standards method of testing those properties were put under the microscope to compare the variations between them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASTM" title=" ASTM"> ASTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EU%20standards" title=" EU standards"> EU standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" modulus of elasticity"> modulus of elasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151902/variations-of-testing-concrete-mechanical-properties-by-european-standard-and-american-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1939</span> Development of Industry Sector Specific Factory Standards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Burggr%C3%A4f">Peter Burggräf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moritz%20Krunke"> Moritz Krunke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanno%20Voet"> Hanno Voet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to shortening product and technology lifecycles, many companies use standardization approaches in product development and factory planning to reduce costs and time to market. Unlike large companies, where modular systems are already widely used, small and medium-sized companies often show a much lower degree of standardization due to lower scale effects and missing capacities for the development of these standards. To overcome these challenges, the development of industry sector specific standards in cooperations or by third parties is an interesting approach. This paper analyzes which branches that are mainly dominated by small or medium-sized companies might be especially interesting for the development of factory standards using the example of the German industry. For this, a key performance indicator based approach was developed that will be presented in detail with its specific results for the German industry structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factory%20planning" title="factory planning">factory planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factory%20standards" title=" factory standards"> factory standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20sector%20specific%20standardization" title=" industry sector specific standardization"> industry sector specific standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20planning" title=" production planning"> production planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37790/development-of-industry-sector-specific-factory-standards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1938</span> Dissemination of Knowledge on Quality Control for Upgrading Product Standards for Small and Micro Community Enterprises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niyom%20Suwandej">Niyom Suwandej</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper investigated the opinions of small and micro community enterprises from Jom Pluak Subdistrict, Bangkhontee District, Samut Songkram Province towards product quality control, and the findings are aimed to disseminate knowledge on quality control for upgrading product standards for small and micro community enterprises. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods, in which there were 23 samples in the study. The study was divided into 2 steps which were (1) studying the opinions of the respondents towards the community’s product quality control and upgrading product standards; (2) creating development guidance for product quality control and upgrading product standards for small and micro community enterprise. The demographic findings revealed female respondents as the majority, with most above 50 years of age and married. Most had more than 15 years of working experience. The education level reported by most respondents was primary school or lower followed by secondary school or lower with most respondents was vocational certificate level. Most respondents had the highest level of satisfaction with the existing condition of product quality control knowledge management. Pertaining to opinions on the guidance of knowledge creation for product quality control for small and micro community enterprise, the respondents were willing to apply the knowledge in upgrading their product standards. For the opinions of knowledge creation for product quality control and product standards, the respondents had the highest level of satisfaction. Guidance of knowledge creation for product quality control and product standards for small and micro community enterprises received the highest level of satisfaction from the respondents. Furthermore they had knowledge and comprehension in product quality control and product standards and could apply the knowledge in improving the quality of their production and product standards for small and micro community enterprises. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20quality%20control" title="product quality control">product quality control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20standards" title=" product standards"> product standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20enterprise" title=" community enterprise"> community enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20management" title=" marketing management"> marketing management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5196/dissemination-of-knowledge-on-quality-control-for-upgrading-product-standards-for-small-and-micro-community-enterprises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1937</span> The Effects of Stand Density, Standards and Species Composition on Biomass Production in Traditional Coppices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marek%20Mejst%C5%99%C3%ADk">Marek Mejstřík</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radim%20Matula"> Radim Matula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20%C5%A0r%C3%A1mek"> Martin Šrámek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditional coppices and coppice-with-standards were widely used throughout Europe and Asia for centuries but were largely abandoned in the second half of the 19th century, especially in central and northwestern Europe. In the last decades, there has been a renewed interest in traditional coppicing for nature conservation and most often, for rapid woody biomass production. However, there is little information on biomass productivity of traditional coppices and what affects it. Here, we focused on the effects of stand density, standards and tree species composition on sprout biomass production in newly restored coppices in the Czech Republic. We measured sprouts and calculated sprout biomass 7 years after the harvest from 2013 resprouting stumps in two 4 ha experimental plots. Each plot was divided into 64 subplots with different densities of standards and sprouting stumps. Total sprout biomass declined with increasing density of standards, but the effect of standards differed significantly among studied species. Whereas increasing density of standards decreased sprout biomass in Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus, it did not affect sprout biomass productivity in Acer campestre and Tilia cordata. Sprout biomass on stand-level increased linearly with an increasing number of sprouting stumps and we observed no leveling of this relationship even in the highest densities of stumps. We also found a significant shift in tree species composition with the steeply declining relative abundance of Quercus in favor of other studied tree species. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20coppice" title="traditional coppice">traditional coppice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coppice%20with%20standards" title=" coppice with standards"> coppice with standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprout%20biomass" title=" sprout biomass"> sprout biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20management" title=" forest management"> forest management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147514/the-effects-of-stand-density-standards-and-species-composition-on-biomass-production-in-traditional-coppices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1936</span> An Audit of the Care in Recovery in Women after an Obstetrics Procedure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Haddick">A. Haddick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Soltan"> A. Soltan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: During the period of recovery from an operative obstetric procedure, a woman is not only at risk of the life-threatening complications accompanying labour but also those associated with surgery and anaesthesia. It is speculated that women in the recovery area may receive a lower standard of care over a night shift. Thus obstetric recovery room care should be evaluated regularly to ensure all women receive an equally high standard of care 24/7. Aim: The aim of this audit was to undertake an audit in the Liverpool Women’s Hospital on the care in recovery, and to ascertain the extent to which the standards were met. This audit included the full audit cycle. Method: Standards were taken from the AAGBI, RCOA, NICE and CNST guidelines. There were 12 standards including appropriate documentation of vital signs and appropriate length of stay after surgery. Notes from 100 patients were analysed from March 2011-March 2012. There were 52 day notes and 48 night notes; these were accessed to gain the relevant data. In the re audit 35 notes were accessed from March 14-September 14. Results: The Liverpool Women’s Hospital met in total 10 of these standards. 10 were met during the day shift (83%) and 0 met during the night shift. In the re audit, there was a significant improvement in the standards met at night. 9 of the standards were met during the day and 7 of the standards were met at night. Clearly there are still improvements to be made. Conclusions: In the original audit, an audit action plan was formulated. This was following discussion of the results of this audit in an MDT meeting and presentation with a consultant Obstetrician, the head of Midwifery, the head of Obstetrics theatres and a recovery nurse. This audit will be further discussed in the Liverpool Woman's Hospital in July 2015 for further implementation for improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=care" title="care">care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery" title=" recovery"> recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=room" title=" room"> room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31345/an-audit-of-the-care-in-recovery-in-women-after-an-obstetrics-procedure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1935</span> New Formula for Revenue Recognition Likely to Change the Prescription for Pharma Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Hajirnis">Shruti Hajirnis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In May 2014, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers that will supersede virtually all revenue recognition requirements in IFRS and US GAAP. FASB and the IASB have basically achieved convergence with these standards, with only some minor differences such as collectability threshold, interim disclosure requirements, early application and effective date, impairment loss reversal and nonpublic entity requirements. This paper discusses the impact of five-step model prescribed in new revenue standard on the entities operating in Pharma industry. It also outlines the considerations for these entities while implementing the new standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenue%20recognition" title="revenue recognition">revenue recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharma%20industry" title=" pharma industry"> pharma industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard" title=" standard"> standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=requirements" title=" requirements"> requirements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20117/new-formula-for-revenue-recognition-likely-to-change-the-prescription-for-pharma-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1934</span> Effect of National Sovereignty of Non-Citizens Human Rights Standards: Mediterranean Irregular Immigrants Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Karami">Azin Karami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahareh%20Heydari"> Bahareh Heydari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a difference between national sovereignty ( national security guarantee) and human rights standards (human security guarantee). Under the pretext of providing security for the majority, Governments violate human rights standards and lead to populism. This paper illustrates despite the human rights standards of non-citizens, they mostly confront different practical and social realities. (a large gap between the reality and the truth). This paper has focused on one of vulnerable irregular non-citizens immigrants from Mediterranean . In addition, it has considered challenges of the basic and primary human rights standards of this group. It shows how government policies affect the flow of irregular immigration. This paper is based upon UN data about Mediterranean immigrants and polls answered by 68 people who intended to migrate from Mediterranean (28 female and 40 male people, the average age of 30 to 40). The model is supposed to be a convenient one to present objective, real evidence of irregular immigrants and discusses the challenges that this group of immigrants confront them .This paper shows clear concept of immigrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title="human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20security" title=" human security"> human security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20sovereignty" title=" national sovereignty"> national sovereignty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20immigrants" title=" irregular immigrants"> irregular immigrants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92687/effect-of-national-sovereignty-of-non-citizens-human-rights-standards-mediterranean-irregular-immigrants-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1933</span> Water, Hygiene, and Sanitation in Senegal’s School Environment: A Study of the Performance of a Reed Bed Filter Installed at Gandiol School for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdou%20Khafor%20Ndiaye">Abdou Khafor Ndiaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article examines clean water and sanitation in Saint-Louis region schools. It finds that 59% have clean water, with disparities between departments, urban/rural areas, and school types. Podor and Dagana lack water due to distance and costs. 70% have sanitation, but rural schools lack it due to low investment. Podor and Dagana suffer the most. Many sanitation facilities need renovation. Wastewater treatment is effective, reducing pollutants and nitrogen, but adjustments are needed for nitrates. Treated water meets Senegalese standards and can be used for irrigation but needs monitoring for strict standards. In conclusion, the wastewater system is good for regions with limited water. Meeting stricter European standards and monitoring for health and environmental standards are needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title="water">water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructed%20wetland" title=" constructed wetland"> constructed wetland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation" title=" sanitation"> sanitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygiene" title=" hygiene"> hygiene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173574/water-hygiene-and-sanitation-in-senegals-school-environment-a-study-of-the-performance-of-a-reed-bed-filter-installed-at-gandiol-school-for-wastewater-treatment-and-reuse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1932</span> Sustainability in University buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahl%20Abdullah%20Waheeb">Sahl Abdullah Waheeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Ministry of Higher Education is currently developing and executing a large number of university buildings and campuses Al around Saudi Arabia annually due to the increased number of students. This is carried out through high international standards. Energy and environmental issues have been given a lot of consideration so the operation will be economical, environmentally and socially efficient enough. This paper will shed light on the application of building sustainability standards on buildings and university campuses during the design and construction stage. University campuses and buildings are currently under major construction development. In this research, data for green building standards were collected and a building sustainability methodology was appointed for applying sustainable standards, recommend to all is inserted imparting a guidelines standards for university buildings. Architecture design and construction imparting were assisted by environmental criteria. This paper highly recommends applying an environmental and sustainable building measurement tool in Saudi Arabia. Special attention should be paid to university building and similar project organizers due to the high energy demand in such project organizers. Moreover, a national environmental programme should be created to set the related standards to the local architecture to be applied to measuring green building and sustainable architecture design in Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20universities" title="sustainable universities">sustainable universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20buildings" title=" university buildings"> university buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20in%20Saudi%20Arabia" title=" sustainability in Saudi Arabia"> sustainability in Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20buildings" title=" green buildings"> green buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20building" title=" sustainable building "> sustainable building </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28831/sustainability-in-university-buildings-in-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1931</span> A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Ethical Standards in Social and Behavioral Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiwu%20Feng">Xiwu Feng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is to analyze research ethics in social and behavioral sciences from a cross-cultural perspective. A multi-phase study investigated implementations of ethical standards and guidelines in higher institutions in China. Institutional policies and procedures on human subject research and perceptions of human subject protection were assessed in the Chinese research universities from different regions. The findings of the study indicate that the implementations of ethical standards and guidelines vary from institution to institution and from region to region. Education and cultural backgrounds of the participants influence their perceptions of the welfare and privacy of human subjects. The results of the study reveal great differences and complexities in ethical standards for the protection of human subjects of research in contrast to the Western world. The Chinese collectivistic values and the cooperative-harmonious democracy play a significant role in perceiving and implementing ethical guidelines. Chinese researchers find themselves a long way to go before seeing implementations of regulations and guidelines on human subject research in social and behavioral sciences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20standards" title="ethical standards">ethical standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20subjects" title=" human subjects"> human subjects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20ethics" title=" research ethics"> research ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20and%20behavioral%20research" title=" social and behavioral research"> social and behavioral research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97181/a-cross-cultural-analysis-of-ethical-standards-in-social-and-behavioral-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1930</span> Compliance with the Health and Safety Standards/Regulations in the South African Mining Industry: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Livhuwani%20Muthelo">Livhuwani Muthelo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tebogo%20Maria%20Mothiba"> Tebogo Maria Mothiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rambelani%20Nancy%20Malema"> Rambelani Nancy Malema</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Despite occupational legislation/standards being in place in the industry, there are many reported health and safety incidents, including both occupational injuries and illnesses in the South African mining industry. Purpose: This systematic literature review aimed to describe and identify the existing gaps in health and safety compliance within the South African mining industry and propose future research areas. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using the key concepts of health and safety, compliance, standards, and mining. A total of 102 papers issued from 1994 to April 2020 were extracted from an online database search, which included a combination of South African and international government OHS legislation documents, policies, standards, reports from the mineral departments and international labour office, qualitative and quantitative journal articles, dissertations, seminars and conference proceedings. Results: The literature review revealed that, though there are laws, regulations, standards to guide the industry on health and safety issues in South Africa, the main challenge is with the compliance with the existing health and safety systems, wherein systems are not being implemented. Conclusion: Gaps between research, policy, and implementation in occupational health practice in the South African mining industry were also identified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circumstances" title="circumstances">circumstances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-compliance" title=" non-compliance"> non-compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20and%20safety" title=" health and safety"> health and safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards" title=" standards"> standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20industry" title=" mining industry"> mining industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129885/compliance-with-the-health-and-safety-standardsregulations-in-the-south-african-mining-industry-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129885.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1929</span> Effectiveness of the Resistance to Irradiance Test on Sunglasses Standards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauro%20Masili">Mauro Masili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liliane%20Ventura"> Liliane Ventura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is still controversial in the literature the ultraviolet (UV) radiation effects on the ocular media, but the World Health Organization has established safe limits on the exposure of eyes to UV radiation based on reports in literature. Sunglasses play an important role in providing safety, and their lenses should provide adequate UV filters. Regarding UV protection for ocular media, the resistance-to-irradiance test for sunglasses under many national standards requires irradiating lenses for 50 uninterrupted hours with a 450 W solar simulator. This artificial aging test may provide a corresponding evaluation of exposure to the sun. Calculating the direct and diffuse solar irradiance at a vertical surface and the corresponding radiant exposure for the entire year, we compare the latter with the 50-hour radiant exposure of a 450 W xenon arc lamp from a solar simulator required by national standards. Our calculations indicate that this stress test is ineffective in its present form. We provide evidence of the need to re-evaluate the parameters of the tests to establish appropriate safe limits against UV radiation. This work is potentially significant for scientists and legislators in the field of sunglasses standards to improve the requirements of sunglasses quality and safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2012312-1" title="ISO 12312-1">ISO 12312-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20simulator" title=" solar simulator"> solar simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunglasses%20standards" title=" sunglasses standards"> sunglasses standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20protection" title=" UV protection"> UV protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55247/effectiveness-of-the-resistance-to-irradiance-test-on-sunglasses-standards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1928</span> Cargo Securement Standards and Braking Maneuvers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20A.%20Romero">Jose A. Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Otremba"> Frank Otremba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alejandro%20A.%20Lozano-Guzman"> Alejandro A. Lozano-Guzman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road safety is affected by many factors, involving the vehicle, the infrastructure, and the environment. Many efforts have been thus made to improve road safety through rational standards for the different systems involved in freight transportation. Cargo shifting and falling have been recognized as critical and contributive effects for road crashes. To avoid such situations, regional and international standards have been implemented, aiming to prevent such types of cargo-related accidents. In particular, there are specific compulsory standard requirements to maintain the cargo on the vehicle without shifting, when the vehicle performs an emergency braking maneuver. In this paper, a simulation is presented to analyze the effect of the vibration of the cargo on the braking distance of the vehicle. Such vibration can lead to a poor cargo restraining, and higher braking efficiency, as a result of the decoupling of the cargo mass from the vehicle mass. Such higher braking efficiency, on the order of 4.4%, further suggests a greater demand for the current braking standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title="road safety">road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cargo%20securement" title=" cargo securement"> cargo securement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shifting%20cargo" title=" shifting cargo"> shifting cargo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20dynamics" title=" vehicle dynamics"> vehicle dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABS" title=" ABS"> ABS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87553/cargo-securement-standards-and-braking-maneuvers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1927</span> Investigation of Information Security Incident Management Based on International Standard ISO/IEC 27002 in Educational Hospitals in 2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Tavakoli">Nahid Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Ehteshami"> Asghar Ehteshami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Hassanzadeh"> Akbar Hassanzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Amini"> Fatemeh Amini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The Information security incident management guidelines was been developed to help hospitals to meet their information security event and incident management requirements. The purpose of this Study was to investigate on Information Security Incident Management in Isfahan’s educational hospitals in accordance to ISO/IEC 27002 standards. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to investigate on Information Security Incident Management of educational hospitals in 2014. Based on ISO/IEC 27002 standards, two checklists were applied to check the compliance with standards on Reporting Information Security Events and Weakness and Management of Information Security Incidents and Improvements. One inspector was trained to carry out the assessments in the hospitals. The data was analyzed by SPSS. Findings: In general the score of compliance Information Security Incident Management requirements in two steps; Reporting Information Security Events and Weakness and Management of Information Security Incidents and Improvements was %60. There was the significant difference in various compliance levels among the hospitals (p-value<o/oo1). Conclusions: According to ISO/IEC 27002 standards, none of the hospitals were completely complained with to present the best possible Information Security Incident Management. One of the most important aspects to consider when developing the information security incident management policy is to define the roles and responsibilities of the information security incident response team. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security%20incident%20management" title="information security incident management">information security incident management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20security%20management" title=" information security management"> information security management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards" title=" standards"> standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitals" title=" hospitals "> hospitals </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38364/investigation-of-information-security-incident-management-based-on-international-standard-isoiec-27002-in-educational-hospitals-in-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1926</span> Bioethical Standards as a Tool for the Improvement of Human Relations Toward Health, Animals, and Plants: The Example of Three Croatian Mediterranean Local Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toni%20Buterin">Toni Buterin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Dori%C4%8Di%C4%87"> Robert Doričić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mainstream bioethics, narrowed down mainly to human medicine and research, can hardly be expected to efficiently face modern challenges related to environmental issues. Departing from the interpretation of "European Bioethics" as a discipline considering ethical duties not only toward fellow humans, but to all living beings, this paper presents the results of a study conducted in three communities in Croatian Northern Adriatic region, selected for their recent experience of ecological threats (Labin – thermo-electric power plant; Bakar – cokery), or representing a highly-valuable and vulnerable natural insular pocket (Mali Lošinj – health tourism, dolphin wildlife refuge, fragrant gardens programme, etc.). After targeted workshops and interviews had been organised in those communities, the results of the obtained insights were combined with experts' opinion and a list of around hundred “bioethical standards” was formed. "Bioethical standards" represent a set of principles and measures of the correct attitude of people towards their own health, animals, plants, and the eco-system as a whole. "Bioethical standards" charter might improve the level of local community environmental consciousness, and provide direct guidance for its sustainable development (including its tourism-advertising ace card). The present paper discusses the standards' potential benefits and some implementational risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethical%20standards" title="bioethical standards">bioethical standards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=croatia" title=" croatia"> croatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20bioethics" title=" European bioethics"> European bioethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20communities" title=" local communities"> local communities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144756/bioethical-standards-as-a-tool-for-the-improvement-of-human-relations-toward-health-animals-and-plants-the-example-of-three-croatian-mediterranean-local-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1925</span> Improving the Accuracy of Oral Care Performed by ICU Nurses for Cancer Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Wei-Yi">Huang Wei-Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Oral cancer patients undergoing skin flap reconstruction may have wounds in the oral cavity, leading to accumulation of blood, clots, and secretions. Inadequate oral care by nursing staff can result in oral infections and pain. Methods: An investigation revealed that ICU nurses' knowledge and adherence to oral care standards were below acceptable levels. Key issues identified included lack of hands-on training opportunities, insufficient experience, absence of oral care standards and regular audits, no in-service education programs, and a lack of oral care educational materials. Interventions: The following measures were implemented: 1) in-service education programs, 2) development of care standards, 3) creation of a monitoring plan, 4) bedside demonstration teaching, and 5) revision of educational materials. Results: The intervention demonstrated that ICU nurses' knowledge and adherence to oral care standards improved, leading to better quality oral care and reduced pain for patients. Conclusion: Through in-service education, bedside demonstrations, establishment of oral care standards, and regular audits, the oral care skills of ICU nurses were significantly enhanced, resulting in improved oral care quality and decreased patient pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20care" title="oral care">oral care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICU" title=" ICU"> ICU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving" title=" improving"> improving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cancer" title=" oral cancer"> oral cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190197/improving-the-accuracy-of-oral-care-performed-by-icu-nurses-for-cancer-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1924</span> Positioning Food Safety in Halal Assurance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marin%20Neio%20Demirci">Marin Neio Demirci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Mei%20Soon"> Jan Mei Soon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carol%20A.%20Wallace"> Carol A. Wallace</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Muslims follow the religion of Islam and the food they eat should be Halal, meaning lawful or permissible. Muslims are allowed to eat halal and wholesome food that has been provided for them. However, some of the main prohibitions are swine flesh, blood, carrion, animals not slaughtered according to Islamic laws and alcoholic drinks. At present Halal assurance is in a complicated state, with various Halal standards differing from each other without gaining mutual acceptance. The world is starting to understand the need for an influential globally accepted standard that would open doors to global markets and gain consumer confidence. This paper discusses issues mainly related to food safety in Halal assurance. The aim was to discover and describe the approach to food safety requirements in Halal food provision and how this is incorporated in the Halal assurance systems. The position of food safety regulation within Halal requirements or Halal standards’ requirements for food safety is still unclear. This review also considers whether current Halal standards include criteria in common with internationally accepted food hygiene standards and emphasizes the potential of using the HACCP system for Halal assurance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=certification" title="certification">certification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHP" title=" GHP"> GHP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HACCP" title=" HACCP"> HACCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halal%20standard" title=" Halal standard"> Halal standard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55352/positioning-food-safety-in-halal-assurance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1923</span> Analyzing the Impact of DCF and PCF on WLAN Network Standards 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amandeep%20Singh%20Dhaliwal">Amandeep Singh Dhaliwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Networking solutions, particularly wireless local area networks have revolutionized the technological advancement. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have gained a lot of popularity as they provide location-independent network access between computing devices. There are a number of access methods used in Wireless Networks among which DCF and PCF are the fundamental access methods. This paper emphasizes on the impact of DCF and PCF access mechanisms on the performance of the IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g standards. On the basis of various parameters viz. throughput, delay, load etc performance is evaluated between these three standards using above mentioned access mechanisms. Analysis revealed a superior throughput performance with low delays for 802.11g standard as compared to 802.11 a/b standard using both DCF and PCF access methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCF" title="DCF">DCF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE" title=" IEEE"> IEEE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCF" title=" PCF"> PCF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3167/analyzing-the-impact-of-dcf-and-pcf-on-wlan-network-standards-80211a-80211b-and-80211g" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1922</span> Accounting and Auditing Standards Influence on Income Smoothing Perspective in Islamic Financial Institutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ezzahra%20Kateb">Fatma Ezzahra Kateb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neila%20Boulila%20Taktak"> Neila Boulila Taktak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Kabir%20Hassan"> Mohamed Kabir Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examine the impact of Islamic accounting and auditing standards issued by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) on the income smoothing perspective of Islamic financial institutions located in the Middle East and North Africa region between 2013 and 2018. Based on General Least square regression for panel data, we find a significant and positive relationship between intentional income smoothing and earning persistence and cash flow predictability in all models. However, we discovered that AAOIFI accounting standards (FAS) had a negative and significant effect on intentional income smoothing and earning persistence. As a result, the income smoothing efficiency is lower for IFIs that use FASs than IFIs that use IFRSs. Our findings emphasize the need for specific standards to enhance the relevance of financial reports disclosed by Islamic financial institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AAOIFI" title="AAOIFI">AAOIFI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20reporting%20quality" title=" financial reporting quality"> financial reporting quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20smoothing%20perspective" title=" income smoothing perspective"> income smoothing perspective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MENA%20countries" title=" MENA countries"> MENA countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157853/accounting-and-auditing-standards-influence-on-income-smoothing-perspective-in-islamic-financial-institutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157853.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standards&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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