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The Political Graveyard: January 1, 1913
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>The Political Graveyard: January 1, 1913</title> <meta name="description" content="A database of political history and cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919 U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present."> <meta name="keywords" content="political biography history genealogy cemeteries politics candidates congress senators legislators governors politicians biographies ancestors mayors birthplace geography elections"> <meta name="author" content="Lawrence Kestenbaum"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-7383562-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body bgcolor="#FFFFDD" text="#000000" link="#cc0000" alink="#ff0000" vlink="#760000"> <style type="text/css"> p {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} td {font-family:georgia,garamond,serif} A:link {text-decoration: none} A:visited {text-decoration: none} A:active {text-decoration: none} A:hover {text-decoration: underline} </style> <p align=center style="font-size:28pt; font-family:garamond,serif"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">PoliticalGraveyard.com</span><br> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html" border=0> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgmain6.gif" width=450 height=216 border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History"></a><br> <table align="center" cellpadding=1><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <table align="center" cellpadding=30><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <p style="font-size:20pt;"> « <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1912/12-31.html">Previous date</a></p> </td></tr></table></td> <td width=0.1% bgcolor="#000000"></td> <td align="center" valign="center"> <table align="center" cellpadding=20><tr> <td align="center" valign="top"> <p align="center" style="font-size:28pt;">Wednesday, January 1, 1913</p> <p align="center"> <span style="font-size:18pt">22/23 Tevet, 5673</span><br> (<a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/calendar.html#Jewish">Jewish calendar</a>) </p> </td></tr></table> <table align="center" width=100% cellpadding=1><tr> <td width=33% align="center" valign="center"> <p style="font-size:20pt;"><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1912/index.html#12">December<br>1912</a></p></td> <td width=0.1% bgcolor="#000000"></td> <td width=33% align="center" valign="center"> <p style="font-size:20pt;"><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/index.html#01">January<br>1913</a></p></td> <td width=0.1% bgcolor="#000000"></td> <td width=33% align="center" valign="center"> <p style="font-size:20pt;"><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/index.html#02">February<br>1913</a></p></td> </tr></table> </td> <td width=0.1% bgcolor="#000000"></td> <td align="center" valign="center"> <table align="center" cellpadding=30><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <p style="font-size:20pt;"><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/01-02.html">Next date</a> »</p> </td></tr></table></td> </tr></table><br> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9588757529416233"; /* TPG general topline */ google_ad_slot = "8693373795"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%><tr><td valign="top"> <p><b>Politicians who were born on this date:</b></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/clapper-clarie.html#774.36.53">T. Emmet Clarie</a> — Goodyear, Killingly, <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/CT/WI-born.html">Windham County</a>, Conn.</li> <li><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jamieson-jarstad.html#477.77.14">Eliot Janeway</a></li> <li><i>See also:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/date/born-01-01.html">Politicians who were born on January 1</a> (all years), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/born.html">politicians who were born in 1913</a> (all dates).</li> </ul><br> <p><b>Politicians who were married on this date:</b></p> <ul> <li><i>None currently in database.</i></li> <li><i>See:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/date/married-01-01.html">Politicians who were married on January 1</a> (all years), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/married.html">politicians who were married in 1913</a> (all dates).</li> </ul><br> <p><b>Politicians who died on this date:</b></p> <ul> <li><i>None currently in database.</i></li> <li><i>See:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/date/died-01-01.html">Politicians who died on January 1</a> (all years), or <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/died.html">politicians who died in 1913</a> (all dates).</li> </ul><br> <p><b>Centenaries and half-centenaries of the births and deaths of dead politicians on this date:</b></p> <ul> <li><i>100 Years:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/blight-block.html#366.02.02">George Bliss</a>, born January 1, 1813; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/engmark-erick.html#049.80.02">George B. Erath</a>, born January 1, 1813</li> <li><i>50 Years:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/alexandre-allee.html#620.22.01">Julius C. Alford</a>, died January 1, 1863</li> </ul><br> <p><b>Birthdays of presumed living (at the time) politicians on this date:</b></p> <ul> <li><i>Age 82:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kempa-kenan.html#583.10.81">Charles H. Kempf</a></li> <li><i>Age 81:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fellrath-femille.html#305.43.05">Charles N. Felton</a></li> <li><i>Age 77:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hunt.html#785.32.47">Carleton Hunt</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brown1.html#778.19.76">Alfred Brown</a></li> <li><i>Age 75:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/beadle-beales.html#722.90.15">William H. H. Beadle</a></li> <li><i>Age 74:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/woody-worthey.html#462.01.77">William H. Workman</a></li> <li><i>Age 71:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bunn.html#690.57.39">William Malcolm Bunn</a></li> <li><i>Age 70:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ireneus-irmah.html#180.52.02">John P. Irish</a></li> <li><i>Age 66:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/matthews.html#371.56.35">William S. Matthews</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/somers.html#103.72.09">Homer H. Somers</a></li> <li><i>Age 65:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/goff.html#081.14.63">John W. Goff</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/reidelbach-reilley.html#848.75.13">Patrick Reilley</a></li> <li><i>Age 63:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wattson-weatherwax.html#746.61.67">Thomas A. E. Weadock</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/allensworth-allis.html#814.94.58">John T. Alley</a></li> <li><i>Age 62:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gresham-griffey.html#988.84.32">Lawrence Gresser</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/robison-rockne.html#453.53.13">James A. Robson</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/handerson-hanlan.html#967.08.68">Wilber E. Hanks</a></li> <li><i>Age 61:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gould.html#831.31.06">Samuel W. Gould</a></li> <li><i>Age 60:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/richardson.html#646.02.70">Harry A. Richardson</a></li> <li><i>Age 59:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chalfant-chamberlin.html#618.57.50">George E. Chamberlain</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/irwin.html#917.67.78">Clinton F. Irwin</a></li> <li><i>Age 58:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ryan.html#623.23.31">Daniel J. Ryan</a></li> <li><i>Age 57:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ellet-ellington.html#744.22.70">Tazewell Ellett</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sweet.html#717.32.43">Willis Sweet</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/gundry-guthery.html#647.94.17">Frank W. Gunsaulus</a></li> <li><i>Age 56:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bruchhausen-brunner.html#619.74.69">Stephen Brundidge, Jr.</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/randall-randlett.html#349.50.16">Choice B. Randell</a></li> <li><i>Age 55:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/grant.html#814.04.93">John G. Grant</a></li> <li><i>Age 54:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/shien-shlaudeman.html#541.25.17">George Shiras III</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sullivan5.html#880.23.02">Jerry B. Sullivan</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/daba-daigre.html#317.54.57">Remi A. Daigle</a></li> <li><i>Age 52:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stevens3.html#053.18.72">Frederick C. Stevens</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcgee.html#662.83.07">John Franklin McGee</a></li> <li><i>Age 51:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ward1.html#300.69.04">Arthur N. Ward</a></li> <li><i>Age 50:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hamre-hanchett.html#192.07.18">Harry A. Hanbury</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/haines.html#433.18.58">John M. Haines</a></li> <li><i>Age 49:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/danaher-danhof.html#346.10.46">Peter J. Danhof</a></li> <li><i>Age 48:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/keyes.html#784.87.05">Wade Keyes</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/whiteaker-whitehoss.html#133.83.93">Thomas J. Whitehead</a></li> <li><i>Age 47:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/anderson5.html#826.88.79">John Q. Anderson</a></li> <li><i>Age 46:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/lehmann-lemp.html#118.59.71">Albert S. J. Lehr</a></li> <li><i>Age 45:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murphy1.html#424.08.05">Alfred J. Murphy</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/metaker-meyenborg.html#904.50.85">Edward J. Metcalf</a></li> <li><i>Age 44:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/leonardo-lessler.html#800.76.25">Montague Lessler</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/white5.html#680.18.55">Jay White</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ogg-ohanlon.html#913.06.68">Philip O'Hagan</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/thomas5.html#547.24.91">John J. Thomas</a></li> <li><i>Age 43:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jones1.html#644.52.77">Benjamin F. Jones</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/beechem-beesley.html#225.74.36">J. Maxwell Beers</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/russell9.html#666.29.41">Willie P. Russell</a></li> <li><i>Age 42:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/biden-biged.html#554.37.97">Arthur E. Bidwell</a></li> <li><i>Age 41:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/pugsley-puntley.html#212.72.21">E. Bert Pullman</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/chalfant-chamberlin.html#847.97.99">Gardner J. Chamberlin</a></li> <li><i>Age 40:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kerrey-keydel.html#369.25.32">John C. Ketcham</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fitzgibbon-fitzmaurice.html#384.43.52">David A. Fitzgibbon</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fishman-fister.html#832.60.43">Robert Howland Fisk</a></li> <li><i>Age 39:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/knox.html#031.25.57">Frank Knox</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/carey.html#619.82.39">Henry W. Carey</a></li> <li><i>Age 37:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brentano-brewington.html#983.97.97">Harold G. Bretherton</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/olden-oliven.html#996.96.56">Mortimer W. Olds</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mckinnon-mclaud.html#781.79.77">James W. McKnight</a></li> <li><i>Age 33:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/woodall-woodburn.html#403.20.82">William Woodburn</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/howlett-hubard.html#492.21.45">Ferdinand A. Hoyt</a></li> <li><i>Age 31:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/andridge-anstine.html#146.88.31">Martin C. Ansorge</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kaufmann-keast.html#296.37.31">Abigail Campbell Kawananakoa</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/brewton-brigadier.html#119.74.19">B. A. Brigadier</a></li> <li><i>Age 30:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/donovan.html#394.00.54">William J. Donovan</a></li> <li><i>Age 29:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/johnson3.html#478.17.93">Edwin C. Johnson</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/jackson6.html#578.92.29">Lawrence W. Jackson</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kidder-kilbourne.html#825.11.19">Charles D. Kilbourn</a></li> <li><i>Age 25:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/emest-engle.html#797.36.42">Albert J. Engel</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/glover.html#912.03.49">Charles Carroll Glover, Jr.</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mcbride.html#900.15.91">J. S. McBride</a></li> <li><i>Age 24:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/adams1.html#635.77.38">Arthur Adams</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bailhache-bakanatch.html#831.42.96">August Bakeberg</a></li> <li><i>Age 23:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/halla-halsell.html#085.21.46">Ralph Halpern</a></li> <li><i>Age 22:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ramacitti-rampton.html#818.92.10">Ernest E. Ramey</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/moore1.html#809.79.90">Ben Moore</a></li> <li><i>Age 21:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dempster-denious.html#448.23.11">Peter J. De Muth</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/walsh.html#569.34.24">Patrick Walsh</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/andrews.html#778.97.60">George A. Andrews</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fitzgibbon-fitzmaurice.html#504.77.55">George R. Fitzmaurice</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/wigginton-wilard.html#706.95.37">David C. Wightman</a></li> <li><i>Age 20:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/cord-corneliusen.html#631.57.52">Ernest E. Cornelius</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/bartlette-bartolotti.html#439.39.42">Allen Bartman</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/detaranto-devin.html#204.87.73">William H. Detweiler</a></li> <li><i>Age 16:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/minore-mitchel.html#107.87.31">Louis C. Miriani</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/moultrie-moynihan.html#177.94.84">Dan W. Mouse</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/griffis-grim.html#246.73.47">Henry W. Griffith</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/raab-radway.html#070.83.11">Otto Rachals</a></li> <li><i>Age 13:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/obrien4.html#978.39.02">George D. O'Brien</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/harrison.html#955.72.42">Ralph Carter Harrison</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/farron-faulkland.html#432.10.22">Roland R. Faulk</a></li> <li><i>Age 12:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/griffis-grim.html#915.65.86">J. C. Griggs</a></li> <li><i>Age 11:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/taylor2.html#069.28.75">Dean P. Taylor</a></li> <li><i>Age 9:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/coad-coatsworth.html#904.76.48">Louis E. Coash</a></li> <li><i>Age 8:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/price.html#804.10.04">Melvin Price</a></li> <li><i>Age 7:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/levin.html#155.11.93">Gerald Sanford Levin</a></li> <li><i>Age 6:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/kovach-krapohl.html#962.10.70">Harry Kraf</a></li> <li><i>Age 4:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/goldman-gomulka.html#479.12.38">Barry M. Goldwater</a>; <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/mitchell9.html#491.18.78">William R. Mitchell</a></li> <li><i>Age 2:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stonebraker-stoughton.html#675.88.51">Stephen J. Stopczynski</a></li> <li><i>Age 1:</i> <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/resa-reynold.html#275.06.47">Victor G. Reuther</a></li> </ul><br> </td> <td width=180 align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9588757529416233"; /* TPG general sideline */ google_ad_slot = "2646840196"; google_ad_width = 160; google_ad_height = 600; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr></table> <table width=100%> <td align="center" valign="center"> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9588757529416233"; /* TPG general bottomline */ google_ad_slot = "1170106998"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></table> <table width=100%> <tr><td align="center"><span style="font-size:20pt;"> <span style="font-family:garamond,serif"> <i>"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."</i></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:8pt;">Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872</span></td> <td><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/tpgsub.gif" width=450 height=71 align="right" border=0 alt="The Political Graveyard"></a></td></tr></table> <br clear="all"> <table width=100% cellpadding=2> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b><a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/index.html">The Political Graveyard</a></b> is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3><span style="font-size:8pt;"> </span></td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The listings are <b>incomplete</b>; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is <b>not</b> guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> The official URL for this page is: <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/01-01.html">https://politicalgraveyard.com/chrono/1913/01-01.html</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td width=32 align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"><span style="font-size:8pt;"> <img src="rd.gif" width=10 height=10> If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the <a href="https://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html">alphabetical index of politicians</a>.</span></td> <td width=100 align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Copyright notices:</b> (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/copyright/cases/499_US_340.htm">Feist v. Rural Telephone</a>. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute <b>fair use</b> under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan=3 align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size:10pt;"> <b>Site information:</b> The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by <b>Lawrence Kestenbaum</b>, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is <b>The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106.</b> — This site is hosted by <b><a href="https://www.hdl.com">HDL</a></b>. — The Political Graveyard opened on <b>July 1, 1996</b>; the last full revision was done on <b>March 8, 2023</b>. </span></td></tr> </table> <hr> <table align="center" cellpadding=5><tr> <td align="center" valign="center"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" src="https://creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights.gif" width=88 height=31></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/politicalgraveyard" target="_TOP" title="The Political Graveyard"><img src="https://badge.facebook.com/badge/40475596932.4982.1015512377.png" width="120" height="84" style="border: 0px;" /></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.twitter.com/polgraveyard"> <img src="https://twitter-badges.s3.amazonaws.com/follow_us-a.png" border=0 alt="Follow polgraveyard on Twitter"/></a></td> <td align="center" valign="center"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=thepoliticalg-20&path=subst/home/home.html"> <img src="https://politicalgraveyard.com/images/a150X70b.gif" border=0 alt="[Amazon.com]" align="center"></a></td> </tr></table> </body> </html>