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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_1993" title="هجوم الحريق المتعمد في زولينغن عام 1993 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجوم الحريق المتعمد في زولينغن عام 1993" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolingen_faci%C9%99si" title="Zolingen faciəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zolingen faciəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atac_incendiari_de_Solingen" title="Atac incendiari de Solingen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atac incendiari de Solingen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandanschlag_von_Solingen" title="Brandanschlag von Solingen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brandanschlag von Solingen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%96%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD_(1993)" title="Επίθεση κατά Τούρκων μεταναστών στο Ζόλινγκεν (1993) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επίθεση κατά Τούρκων μεταναστών στο Ζόλινγκεν (1993)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataque_incendiario_de_Solingen" title="Ataque incendiario de Solingen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ataque incendiario de Solingen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendia_atenco_de_Solingen" title="Incendia atenco de Solingen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Incendia atenco de Solingen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendie_criminel_de_Solingen" title="Incendie criminel de Solingen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Incendie criminel de Solingen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran_rumah_di_Solingen_1993" title="Pembakaran rumah di Solingen 1993 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembakaran rumah di Solingen 1993" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendio_di_Solingen" title="Incendio di Solingen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Incendio di Solingen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandaanslag_in_Solingen_in_mei_1993" title="Brandaanslag in Solingen in mei 1993 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brandaanslag in Solingen in mei 1993" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incendierea_din_Solingen" title="Incendierea din Solingen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Incendierea din Solingen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%B2_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Поджог в Золингене – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поджог в Золингене" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solingen_arson_attack" title="Solingen arson attack – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Solingen arson attack" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solingenin_tuhopoltto_1993" title="Solingenin tuhopoltto 1993 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Solingenin tuhopoltto 1993" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordbranden_i_Solingen_1993" title="Mordbranden i Solingen 1993 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mordbranden i Solingen 1993" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solingen_Facias%C4%B1" title="Solingen Faciası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Solingen Faciası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q694586#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&params=51_11_2.5_N_7_5_23.7_E_region:DE-NW_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°11′2.5″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°5′23.7″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.184028°N 7.089917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.184028; 7.089917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Neo-Nazi arson attack on Turkish home in Solingen</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">1993 Solingen arson attack</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandanschlag_solingen_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brandanschlag_solingen_1993.jpg/220px-Brandanschlag_solingen_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brandanschlag_solingen_1993.jpg/330px-Brandanschlag_solingen_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Brandanschlag_solingen_1993.jpg/440px-Brandanschlag_solingen_1993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2372" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Demonstration of Germans and Turks in front of the arson house</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solingen is located in North Rhine-Westphalia"><img alt="Solingen is located in North Rhine-Westphalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/200px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/300px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg/400px-North_Rhine-Westphalia_location_map_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.928%;left:34.256%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Solingen"><img alt="Solingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Solingen</div></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">Solingen (North Rhine-Westphalia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solingen is located in Germany"><img alt="Solingen is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/200px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/300px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/400px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.789%;left:15.833%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Solingen"><img alt="Solingen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Solingen</div></div></div></div><div style="font-size:91%;padding-top:3px">Solingen (Germany)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&params=51_11_2.5_N_7_5_23.7_E_region:DE-NW_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°11′2.5″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°5′23.7″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.184028°N 7.089917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.184028; 7.089917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 1993<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993-05-28</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>+1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">Arson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapon</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data">four <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">skinheads</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">Anti-immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_extremism" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing extremism">Right-wing extremism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Solingen arson attack</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Solinger Brandanschlag</i>) was one of the most severe instances of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a> violence in modern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. On the night of 28–29 May 1993, four young German men (ages 16–23) belonging to the <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">far right skinhead</a> scene, with <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a> ties, set fire to the house of a large <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, Germany. Three girls and two women died; fourteen other family members, including several children, were injured, some of them severely. The attack led to violent protests by Turkish diaspora members in several German cities and to large demonstrations of other Germans (of non-Turkish descent) expressing solidarity with the Turkish victims.<sup id="cite_ref-rally_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rally-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1995, the perpetrators were convicted of arson and murder and given prison sentences between 10 and 15 years. The convictions were upheld on appeal. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1990s after <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, foreigners and especially <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seekers" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum seekers">asylum seekers</a> were very controversial in Germany. The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Democratic Union (Germany)">CDU</a> party and the tabloid newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Bild_Zeitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bild Zeitung">Bild Zeitung</a></i> were the main forces calling for limiting their numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-taz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several instances of anti-foreigner <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a> preceded the Solingen attack. In December 1988, a German extreme-right militant, Josef Seller, set fire to the "Habermeier Haus" building in <a href="/wiki/Schwandorf" title="Schwandorf">Schwandorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, killing the Turkish couple Fatma and Osman Can, together with their son Mehmet. The arson attack also took the life of a German citizen, Jürgen Hübner.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1991, violent disturbances in <a href="/wiki/Hoyerswerda" title="Hoyerswerda">Hoyerswerda</a> forced the evacuation of an asylum seeker's hostel. During the three-day <a href="/wiki/Riot_of_Rostock-Lichtenhagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen">riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen</a> in August 1992, several thousand people surrounded a high-rise building and watched approvingly while militants threw <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>. The Vietnamese inhabitants barely managed to survive by fleeing to the roof.<sup id="cite_ref-taz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1992, <a href="/wiki/1992_M%C3%B6lln_arson_attack" title="1992 Mölln arson attack">an arson</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6lln,_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Mölln, Schleswig-Holstein">Mölln</a> perpetrated by <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> youth killed three Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1992, large demonstrations protesting against <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a> ("Ausländerhass") took place all over Germany, with over 700,000 participants.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">Neo-Nazi</a> groups were outlawed by the end of 1992. </p><p>On 26 May 1993, three days before the attack, the <a href="/wiki/German_Bundestag" class="mw-redirect" title="German Bundestag">German Bundestag</a> had resolved to change the German constitution (the <i><a href="/wiki/Grundgesetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Grundgesetz">Grundgesetz</a></i>) to limit the numbers of asylum seekers.<sup id="cite_ref-zeit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, the constitution had granted every political refugee in the world a direct right to refugee status in Germany. </p><p>The Solingen attack, with five people killed, was the most severe case of anti-foreigner violence in Germany at that time. One week later, an arson attack on a house in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, with 34 foreigners inside, was detected early and there were no deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A case of arson in an asylum seeker's hostel in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> in 1996 in which 10 people died was never solved.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> a total of 135 foreigners have died in Germany as a result of similar <a href="/wiki/Xenophobic" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenophobic">xenophobic</a> violence.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events"><span class="anchor" id="Mevlüde_Genç"></span><span class="anchor" id="Gürsün_İnce"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hatice_Genç"></span><span class="anchor" id="Gülistan_Öztürk"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hülya_Genç"></span><span class="anchor" id="Saime_Genç"></span><span class="anchor" id="Bekir_Genç"></span>Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the police report, fire broke out at the entrance of the house <i>Untere Wernerstraße 81</i> at 1:38 am on 29 May 1993. The fire had been set with gasoline. Mevlüde Genç, 50 years old at the time and the oldest member of the family, was able to climb out of a window and alert neighbors. She lost two daughters, two granddaughters and a niece that night.<sup id="cite_ref-zeit_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fire fighters arrived after five minutes, but it was too late. Gürsün İnce, 27 years old, jumped out of a window and died. Her four-year-old daughter, whom she had held in her arms, survived. The girls Hatice Genç (18 years old), Gülistan Öztürk (12 years old), Hülya Genç (9 years old) and Saime Genç (4 years old) died in the flames. Bekir Genç, 15 years old, jumped burning out of a window; he survived with severe injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-zeit_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A six-month-old infant and a three-year-old child suffered life-threatening injuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Defendants">Defendants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Defendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The defendants were:<sup id="cite_ref-zeit_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Felix Köhnen, a 16-year-old student at the time of the crime. His father was a doctor active in the peace movement and his mother an architect active in environmentalist causes. There were reports that Felix fell into <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> circles because he felt unable to cope with the academic expectations of his parents.</li> <li>Christian Reher, a 16-year-old student who grew up in children's homes. He lived close to the arson house and was the first to be arrested. He had previously distributed leaflets expressing his hatred of foreigners.</li> <li>Christian Buchholz, 19 years old, working odd jobs. He was the son of a middle-class workman. His diary contained anti-foreigner writings.</li> <li>Markus Gartmann, 23 years old, welfare recipient. As a youth, he was reportedly a loner. He was a member of the nationalist <a href="/wiki/German_People%27s_Union" title="German People's Union">DVU</a> party.</li></ul> <p>All of them were members of the <a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">far right skinhead</a> scene of Solingen and exercised together in a martial arts school. This school was later revealed to be run by an informant of the North Rhine-Westphalia domestic intelligence agency (the <i><a href="/wiki/Verfassungsschutz" class="mw-redirect" title="Verfassungsschutz">Verfassungsschutz</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-taz_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trials">Trials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trial, before five judges of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Oberlandesgericht" title="Oberlandesgericht">Higher Regional Court</a>, began in April 1994. Kohnen, Reher and Buchholz were charged as minors (limiting the maximal penalty to 10 years in prison), while Gartmann was charged as an adult. The prosecutors claimed hatred of foreigners as motive. </p><p>Gartmann had confessed to police and he later confessed again before a magistrate with his lawyer present. He also apologized to the victims.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the confession, Gartmann, Kohnen and Buchholz had clashed with foreigners at a party that night, met up with Reher and then, while drunk, decided to "frighten" some Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-faz_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of the trial, Gartmann withdrew his confession, claiming that it had been issued under duress and that he had been threatened with having to share a cell with Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-sentence_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sentence-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interviewed in prison four months after the verdict, he explained that he had given a <a href="/wiki/False_confession" title="False confession">false confession</a> because police had convinced him that that was the only way to avoid a sentence of life in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reher also confessed, but changed his story repeatedly, in the end claiming that he had acted alone.<sup id="cite_ref-faz_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kohnen and Buchholz denied any involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-sentence_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sentence-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No hard evidence was found linking the defendants to the crime, in part because the police had treated the crime scene in a sloppy manner. Witnesses could not clarify the events.<sup id="cite_ref-faz_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faz-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1995, the four defendants were found guilty of murder, attempted murder and arson. The three defendants charged as minors received the maximum sentence of 10 years in prison and Gartmann was sentenced to 15 years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-sentence_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sentence-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Justice_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Court of Justice of Germany">Federal Court of Justice of Germany</a> confirmed the convictions on appeal in 1997. The Turkish family sued for civil damages and won. They received about 270,000 <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">DM</a> and a monthly pension for one severely burned victim.<sup id="cite_ref-wz_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solingen_-_Mahnmal_Solinger_B%C3%BCrger_und_B%C3%BCrgerinnen_04_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Solingen_-_Mahnmal_Solinger_B%C3%BCrger_und_B%C3%BCrgerinnen_04_ies.jpg/220px-Solingen_-_Mahnmal_Solinger_B%C3%BCrger_und_B%C3%BCrgerinnen_04_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Solingen_-_Mahnmal_Solinger_B%C3%BCrger_und_B%C3%BCrgerinnen_04_ies.jpg/330px-Solingen_-_Mahnmal_Solinger_B%C3%BCrger_und_B%C3%BCrgerinnen_04_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Solingen_-_Mahnmal_Solinger_B%C3%BCrger_und_B%C3%BCrgerinnen_04_ies.jpg/440px-Solingen_-_Mahnmal_Solinger_B%C3%BCrger_und_B%C3%BCrgerinnen_04_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Memorial in front of the <i>Mildred-Scheel-Schule</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%BClyaPlatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/H%C3%BClyaPlatz.jpg/220px-H%C3%BClyaPlatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/H%C3%BClyaPlatz.jpg/330px-H%C3%BClyaPlatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/H%C3%BClyaPlatz.jpg/440px-H%C3%BClyaPlatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Hülyaplatz in Frankfurt-Bockenheim</figcaption></figure> <p>The memorial services were attended by several high-ranking German officials, with <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a> giving the first speech. <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany_(Federal_Republic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> was criticized for not visiting Solingen nor attending the memorial or burial services;<sup id="cite_ref-rally_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rally-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he had denounced what he called "<i>Beileidstourismus</i>" ("condolence tourism") of other politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A memorial to commemorate the event was unveiled one year after the attack, in front of the <i>Mildred-Scheel-Schule</i>, a school that Hatice Genç had attended. It shows two large metal figures ripping apart a <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a>, surrounded by a large number of rings, each sponsored by an individual. Initially the city had agreed to a monument in the very center of the city, but then reneged, citing concerns that "social peace" might be jeopardized.<sup id="cite_ref-taz_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location of the arson at <i>Untere Wernerstraße Nr. 81</i> is marked by five chestnut trees and a plaque. In <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt-Bockenheim</a> the Hülyaplatz commemorates the events with a statue of a man hammering at a swastika. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1996 the German government presented Mevlüde Genç with the <i><a href="/wiki/Bundesverdienstkreuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesverdienstkreuz">Bundesverdienstkreuz am Band</a></i> because she went on to advocate understanding and friendship between Turks and Germans after the attack. In 2008 Germany instituted the Genç prize in her name to honor people who work for understanding and integration.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the recipients was Kamil Kaplan, a Turk who in February 2008 had lost his wife, two daughters and his mother in a fire catastrophe in <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a> in which a total of nine people had died; right-wing arson had initially been suspected, but the case was later found to have been an accident. Kaplan, like Mevlüde Genç, had called for peaceful cooperation between Turks and Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-wz_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wz-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Mevlüde Genc was nominated by the <a href="/wiki/Christlich_Demokratische_Union_Deutschlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands">CDU</a> state party to be a member of the 15th <a href="/wiki/Federal_Convention_(Germany)" title="Federal Convention (Germany)">Federal Convention</a> to elect the next German President.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two of the perpetrators were released early because of good behavior. In September 2005, another perpetrator, Christian Reher, was sent to four months in prison for having used the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler salute">Hitler salute</a> on two occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2008, the surviving victims still live in Solingen, in a house built with donations and insurance money,<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> protected by cameras and special fire windows.<sup id="cite_ref-taz_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing" title="2024 Solingen stabbing">2024 Solingen stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Germany" title="Turks in Germany">Turks in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Duisburg_arson_attack" title="1984 Duisburg arson attack">1984 Duisburg arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_M%C3%B6lln_arson_attack" title="1992 Mölln arson attack">1992 Mölln arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_of_Rostock-Lichtenhagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen">Riot of Rostock-Lichtenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Marwa_El-Sherbini" title="Murder of Marwa El-Sherbini">Murder of Marwa El-Sherbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_V%C3%ADtkov_arson_attack" title="2009 Vítkov arson attack">2009 Vítkov arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground" title="National Socialist Underground">National Socialist Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau_shootings" title="Hanau shootings">Hanau shootings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rally-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rally_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rally_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKinzer1993" class="citation news cs1">Kinzer, Stephen (4 June 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/04/world/thousands-of-germans-rally-for-the-slain-turks.html">"Thousands of Germans Rally for the Slain Turks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. A3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+Germans+Rally+for+the+Slain+Turks&rft.pages=A3&rft.date=1993-06-04&rft.aulast=Kinzer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F06%2F04%2Fworld%2Fthousands-of-germans-rally-for-the-slain-turks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1993+Solingen+arson+attack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taz_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taz_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taz_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taz.de/1/politik/deutschland/artikel/1/die-luecke-in-der-stadt/">"Die Lücke in der Stadt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_tageszeitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Die tageszeitung">TAZ</a></i> (in German). 28 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TAZ&rft.atitle=Die+L%C3%BCcke+in+der+Stadt&rft.date=2008-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taz.de%2F1%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fartikel%2F1%2Fdie-luecke-in-der-stadt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1993+Solingen+arson+attack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hürriyet Avrupa newspaper, Tuesday, December 11, 2012, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mittelbayerische.de/nachrichten/rundschau/rundschau-schwandorf/artikel/die_anschlagsopfer_bleiben_unv/497156/die_anschlagsopfer_bleiben_unv.html">"Die Anschlagsopfer bleiben unvergessen"</a>. <i>Mittelbayerische Rundschau</i> (in German). 10 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mittelbayerische+Rundschau&rft.atitle=Die+Anschlagsopfer+bleiben+unvergessen&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mittelbayerische.de%2Fnachrichten%2Frundschau%2Frundschau-schwandorf%2Fartikel%2Fdie_anschlagsopfer_bleiben_unv%2F497156%2Fdie_anschlagsopfer_bleiben_unv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1993+Solingen+arson+attack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/02/world/2-germans-admit-arson-attack-that-killed-3-turkish-nationals.html">"2 Germans Admit Arson Attack That Killed 3 Turkish Nationals"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Associated Press. 2 December 1992. p. A10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/deutschland/artikel/313/37276/10/">the original</a> on 5 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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WDR.de. 28 February 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdr.de/Fotostrecken/wdrde/2012/02/wahlpersonen.jsp?hi=Politik">the original</a> on 29 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wahlm%C3%A4nner+und+-frauen+fahren+nach+Berlin&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdr.de%2FFotostrecken%2Fwdrde%2F2012%2F02%2Fwahlpersonen.jsp%3Fhi%3DPolitik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1993+Solingen+arson+attack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Neo-Nazi firebomber gives Nazi salute, back in jail". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. 22 September 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Neo-Nazi+firebomber+gives+Nazi+salute%2C+back+in+jail&rft.date=2005-09-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1993+Solingen+arson+attack" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Yvonne Dobrodziej: <i>Der Solinger Brandanschlag – 10 Jahre danach.</i> Documentary film.</li> <li>Metin Gür, Alaverdi Turhan: <i>Die Solingen-Akte.</i> Patmos Verlag, Düsseldorf 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-491-72352-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-491-72352-3">3-491-72352-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Frank-Walter-Steinmeier/Reden/2023/05/230529-Anschlag-Solingen.html">"Rede: Gedenken an die Opfer des Brandanschlags von Solingen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Bundespr%C3%A4sident" class="mw-redirect" title="Der Bundespräsident">Der Bundespräsident</a></i> (in German). 23 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Bundespr%C3%A4sident&rft.atitle=Rede%3A+Gedenken+an+die+Opfer+des+Brandanschlags+von+Solingen&rft.date=2023-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundespraesident.de%2FSharedDocs%2FReden%2FDE%2FFrank-Walter-Steinmeier%2FReden%2F2023%2F05%2F230529-Anschlag-Solingen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1993+Solingen+arson+attack" class="Z3988"></span> (with English translation)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Solingen_arson_attack_of_1993" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Solingen arson attack of 1993">Solingen arson attack of 1993</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Terrorism_in_Germany" title="Template:Terrorism in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Terrorism_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Terrorism in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorism in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Terrorism_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Germany" title="Terrorism in Germany">Terrorism in Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main attacks<br />(more than 10 deaths)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest_bombing" title="Oktoberfest bombing">Oktoberfest bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">2016 Berlin truck attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau_shootings" title="Hanau shootings">Hanau shootings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Munich_bus_attack" title="1970 Munich bus attack">1970 Munich bus attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German autumn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_and_murder_of_Hanns-Martin_Schleyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidnapping and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer">Kidnapping and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_Flight_181" title="Lufthansa Flight 181">Lufthansa Flight 181</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Berlin_restaurant_bombing" title="1982 Berlin restaurant bombing">1982 Berlin restaurant bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_French_consulate_in_West_Berlin" title="Bombing of French consulate in West Berlin">Bombing of French consulate in Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Duisburg_arson_attack" title="1984 Duisburg arson attack">1984 Duisburg arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Frankfurt_airport_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Frankfurt airport bombing">1985 Frankfurt airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Air_Base_bombing" title="Rhein-Main Air Base bombing">Rhein-Main Air Base bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin_discotheque_bombing" title="West Berlin discotheque bombing">Berlin discotheque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_United_States_embassy_sniper_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 United States embassy sniper attack">1991 American embassy sniper attack in Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykonos_restaurant_assassinations" title="Mykonos restaurant assassinations">Mykonos restaurant assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_M%C3%B6lln_arson_attack" title="1992 Mölln arson attack">1992 Mölln arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weiterstadt_prison_bombing" title="Weiterstadt prison bombing">Weiterstadt prison bombing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1993 Solingen arson attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground_murders" title="National Socialist Underground murders">National Socialist Underground murders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Enver_%C5%9Eim%C5%9Fek" title="Murder of Enver Şimşek">Murder of Enver Şimşek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Mich%C3%A8le_Kiesewetter" title="Murder of Michèle Kiesewetter">Murder of Michèle Kiesewetter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Cologne_bombing" title="2004 Cologne bombing">2004 Cologne bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Frankfurt_Airport_shooting" title="2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting">2011 Frankfurt airport shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanover stabbing">2016 Hanover stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">2016 Würzburg train attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">2016 Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hamburg_knife_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Hamburg knife attack">2017 Hamburg knife attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borussia_Dortmund_team_bus_bombing" title="Borussia Dortmund team bus bombing">Borussia Dortmund team bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop_and_Essen_car_attack" title="Bottrop and Essen car attack">Bottrop and Essen car attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_synagogue_shooting" title="Halle synagogue shooting">Halle synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Cologne_attack" title="2018 Cologne attack">2018 Cologne attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable terrorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In terrorist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Daoud" title="Abu Daoud">Abu Daoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Al-Gashey" title="Adnan Al-Gashey">Adnan al-Gashey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Al-Gashey" title="Jamal Al-Gashey">Jamal al-Gashey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Baader" title="Andreas Baader">Andreas Baader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Ensslin" title="Gudrun Ensslin">Gudrun Ensslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan-Carl_Raspe" title="Jan-Carl Raspe">Jan-Carl Raspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrike_Meinhof" title="Ulrike Meinhof">Ulrike Meinhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Mohnhaupt" title="Brigitte Mohnhaupt">Brigitte Mohnhaupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Klar" title="Christian Klar">Christian Klar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgit_Hogefeld" title="Birgit Hogefeld">Birgit Hogefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Grams" title="Wolfgang Grams">Wolfgang Grams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Weinrich" title="Johannes Weinrich">Johannes Weinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_B%C3%B6se" title="Wilfried Böse">Wilfried Böse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Souhaila_Andrawes" title="Souhaila Andrawes">Souhaila Andrawes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground" title="National Socialist Underground">National Socialist Underground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beate_Zsch%C3%A4pe" title="Beate Zschäpe">Beate Zschäpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_B%C3%B6hnhardt" title="Uwe Böhnhardt">Uwe Böhnhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Mundlos" title="Uwe Mundlos">Uwe Mundlos</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lone perpetrators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gundolf_K%C3%B6hler" title="Gundolf Köhler">Gundolf Köhler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Daleel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Daleel">Mohammad Daleel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anis_Amri" class="mw-redirect" title="Anis Amri">Anis Amri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrorist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Underground" title="National Socialist Underground">National Socialist Underground</a> (defunct)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization" title="Abu Nidal Organization">Abu Nidal Organization</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Secret_Army_for_the_Liberation_of_Armenia" title="Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia">Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhabarat_el-Jamahiriya" title="Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya">Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counter-terrorism units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal Police units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSG_9" title="GSG 9">GSG 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State Police units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SEK_(Germany)" title="SEK (Germany)">SEK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kommando_Spezialkr%C3%A4fte" title="Kommando Spezialkräfte">Kommando Spezialkräfte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&oldid=1252995279">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1993_Solingen_arson_attack&oldid=1252995279</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arson_in_Germany" title="Category:Arson in Germany">Arson in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hate_crimes_in_Europe" title="Category:Hate crimes in Europe">Hate crimes in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1993_murders_in_Germany" title="Category:1993 murders in Germany">1993 murders in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_fires_in_Europe" title="Category:1990s fires in Europe">1990s fires in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arson_in_1993" title="Category:Arson in 1993">Arson in 1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solingen" title="Category:Solingen">Solingen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_murder_in_1993" title="Category:Mass murder in 1993">Mass murder in 1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Nazi_attacks_in_Germany" title="Category:Neo-Nazi attacks in Germany">Neo-Nazi attacks in Germany</a></li><li><a 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title="Category:Anti-Muslim violence in Europe">Anti-Muslim violence in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in North Rhine-Westphalia">Terrorist incidents in North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Germany_in_1993" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Germany in 1993">Terrorist incidents in Germany in 1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Attacks_on_buildings_and_structures_in_1993" title="Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1993">Attacks on buildings and structures in 1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Building_and_structure_fires_in_Europe" title="Category:Building and structure fires in Europe">Building and structure fires in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Violence_against_women_in_Germany" title="Category:Violence against women in Germany">Violence against women in Germany</a></li><li><a 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