CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: commercial management</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: commercial management"> <meta name="keywords" content="commercial management"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="commercial management" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="commercial management"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 11668</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: commercial management</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11668</span> Application of Facilities Management Practice in High Rise Commercial Properties: Jos in Perpective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliyu%20Ahmad%20Aliyu">Aliyu Ahmad Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Ahmad"> Abubakar Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Bello"> Muhammad Umar Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozilah%20Kasim"> Rozilah Kasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Martin"> David Martin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article studied the application of facilities management practice in high rise commercial properties. Convenience sampling technique was used in administering questionnaires to the 60 respondents who responded to the survey. It was found out that the extent of application of facilities management in the subject properties is better described as below average. Similarly, the most frequently tools of facilities management in use and employed in the properties were outsourcing and in-house sourcing. This was influenced by the level of their familiarity with the tools. Planned and Preventive maintenance should be taken regularly in other to enhance the effectiveness of the facilities management and to satisfy both the owner and customers of the organization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20properties" title="commercial properties">commercial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities%20management" title=" facilities management"> facilities management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20buildings" title=" high-rise buildings"> high-rise buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%20metropolis%20and%20outsourcing" title=" Jos metropolis and outsourcing"> Jos metropolis and outsourcing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275/application-of-facilities-management-practice-in-high-rise-commercial-properties-jos-in-perpective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11667</span> Research on Measuring Operational Risk in Commercial Banks Based on Internal Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baobao%20Li">Baobao Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Operational risk covers all operations of commercial banks and has a close relationship with the bank’s internal control. But in the commercial banks' management practice, internal control is always separated from the operational risk measurement. With the increasing of operational risk events in recent years, operational risk is paid more and more attention by regulators and banks’ managements. The paper first discussed the relationship between internal control and operational risk management and used CVaR-POT model to measure operational risk, and then put forward a modified measurement method (to use operational risk assessment results to modify the measurement results of the CVaR-POT model). The paper also analyzed the necessity and rationality of this method. The method takes into consideration the influence of internal control, improves the accuracy and effectiveness of operational risk measurement and save the economic capital for commercial banks, avoiding the drawbacks of using some mainstream models one-sidedly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20banks" title="commercial banks">commercial banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20control" title=" internal control"> internal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20risk" title=" operational risk"> operational risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20measurement" title=" risk measurement"> risk measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10143/research-on-measuring-operational-risk-in-commercial-banks-based-on-internal-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11666</span> A Study of Farming Earthworms Commercial with Organic Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phrutsaya%20Piyanusorn">Phrutsaya Piyanusorn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to study the artificial barriers and potential restrictions. Aspects of farming, marketing and cost oriented commercial farming earthworms with organic waste. To promote the use of waste recycling and reduce the amount of organic waste that must be disposed. And to create added value this research focuses on qualitative and quantitative research. By earthworm farms surveyed collected insights to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, including problems, conditions and limitations. To get more updates, which covers the cost of marketing and farm management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmin%20earthworms" title="farmin earthworms">farmin earthworms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial" title=" commercial"> commercial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20waste" title=" organic waste"> organic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20management" title=" marketing management"> marketing management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5215/a-study-of-farming-earthworms-commercial-with-organic-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5215.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11665</span> Competencies of a Commercial Grain Farmer: A Classic Grounded Theory Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thapelo%20Jacob%20Moloi">Thapelo Jacob Moloi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper purports to present the findings in relation to the competencies of commercial grain farmers using a classic grounded theory method. A total of about eighteen semi-structured interviews with farmers, former farmers, farm workers, and agriculture experts were conducted. Findings explored competencies in the form of skills, knowledge and personal attributes that commercial grain farmers possess. Skills range from production skills, financial management skill, time management skill, human resource management skill, planning skill to mechanical skill. Knowledge ranges from soil preparation, locality, and technology to weather knowledge. The personal attributes that contribute to shaping a commercial grain farmer are so many, but for this study, seven stood out as a passion, work dedication, self-efficacy, humbleness, intelligence, emotional stability, and patience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20farming" title="grain farming">grain farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farming%20competencies" title=" farming competencies"> farming competencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classic%20grounded%20theory" title=" classic grounded theory"> classic grounded theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competency%20model" title=" competency model"> competency model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161131/competencies-of-a-commercial-grain-farmer-a-classic-grounded-theory-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11664</span> Strategy Research for the Development of Thematic Commercial Streets - Based On the Survey of Eight Typical Thematic Commercial Streets in Harbin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhenzhen">Wang Zhenzhen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Xu"> Wang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Liangping"> Hong Liangping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction of thematic commercial streets has been on the hotspot with the rapid development of cities. In order to improve the image and competitiveness of cities, many cities are building or rebuilding thematic commercial streets. However, many contradictions and problems have emerged during this process. Therefore, it is significant, for both the practice and the research, to analyse the development of thematic commercial streets and provide some useful suggestions. Through the deep research and comparative study of the eight typical thematic commercial streets in Harbin, this paper summarize the current situations, laws and influencing factors of the development of these streets, and then put forward some suggestions about the plan, constructions and developments of the thematic commercial streets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thematic%20commercial%20streets" title="thematic commercial streets">thematic commercial streets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laws%20of%20the%20development" title=" laws of the development"> laws of the development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence%20factors" title=" influence factors"> influence factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20constructions%20and%20developments" title=" the constructions and developments"> the constructions and developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degrees%20of%20aggregation" title=" degrees of aggregation"> degrees of aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7064/strategy-research-for-the-development-of-thematic-commercial-streets-based-on-the-survey-of-eight-typical-thematic-commercial-streets-in-harbin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11663</span> Regulation of the Commercial Credits in the Foreign Exchange Operations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marija%20Vicic">Marija Vicic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of commercial credit regulation in an unified way under Law on Foreign Exchange Operations in Republic of Serbia allows an easier state monitoring of credit operations performed by non-professionals on foreign exchange market. By broadly defining the term “commercial credits“, the state (i.e. National Bank of Serbia) is given the authority to monitor the performance of all obligations under commercial contracts in which the obligations are not performed simultaneously. In the first part of the paper, the author analyses the economic gist of commercial credits with the purpose of giving an insight into their special treatment. The author examines the term „commercial credits“ given in Law on foreign exchange operations and the difference between financial credits and irregular commercial credits (exports and imports of goods and services deemed to be commercial credits) is particularly highlighted. In the second part, the author emphasizes the specifics of commercial credit contracts, especially the effects of special requests for the parties to these contracts to notify National Bank of Serbia and specific regulations regarding maturity of obligations under these commercial credits and the assignment and compensation of the said contracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20credit" title="commercial credit">commercial credit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20exchange%20operations" title=" foreign exchange operations"> foreign exchange operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20transactions" title=" commercial transactions"> commercial transactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deferred%20payment" title=" deferred payment"> deferred payment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advance%20payment" title=" advance payment"> advance payment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28non%29%20resident" title=" (non) resident"> (non) resident</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27991/regulation-of-the-commercial-credits-in-the-foreign-exchange-operations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11662</span> Frequent-Flyer Program: The Connection between Commercial Partners and Spin-off</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changmin%20Jiang">Changmin Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we build a theoretical model to investigate the relationship between two recent trends in airline frequent-flyer programs (FFPs): the adoption of the “coalition” business model with other commercial partners, and the separation from airlines’ operations. We show that commercial partners benefit from teaming up with FFP, while increasing the number of commercial partners will increase the total profit; it reduces the average profit of the parties involved. Furthermore, we show that the number of commercial partners of an FFP is negatively related with the benefit to keep the FFP in-house. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequent%20flyer%20program" title="frequent flyer program">frequent flyer program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coalition" title=" coalition"> coalition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20partners" title=" commercial partners"> commercial partners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-off" title=" spin-off"> spin-off</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58504/frequent-flyer-program-the-connection-between-commercial-partners-and-spin-off" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11661</span> Customer Relationship Management on Social Media Affecting Brand Loyalty of Siam Commercial Bank in Bangkok </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charawee%20Butbumrung">Charawee Butbumrung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research was to study customer relationship management on social media affecting brand loyalty of Siam Commercial Bank in Bangkok. The statistics used in data analysis were frequency, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient based on social science statistic program. The result of the study found that the majority of the respondents were female, 37–47 years old of age, bachelor degree of education and monthly income between 10,001 and 15,000 Baht. In addition, customer relationship management in the overall and by each aspect of formulating, maintaining, and extending the customer relationship had a high score. Furthermore, the result of hypothesis testing showed that the difference of the customer’s age, education, occupation, average monthly income had the difference in brand loyalty with the statistical significance level of 0.05 and customer relationship management had related with brand loyalty in the same direction with the low level of statistical significance 0.05. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20loyalty" title="brand loyalty">brand loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20relationship%20management" title=" customer relationship management"> customer relationship management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siam%20Commercial%20bank" title=" Siam Commercial bank"> Siam Commercial bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39955/customer-relationship-management-on-social-media-affecting-brand-loyalty-of-siam-commercial-bank-in-bangkok" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11660</span> USA Commercial Pilots’ Views of Crew Resource Management, Social Desirability, and Safety Locus of Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Vera">Stephen Vera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabitha%20Black"> Tabitha Black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charalambos%20Cleanthous"> Charalambos Cleanthous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryan%20Sain"> Ryan Sain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A gender comparison of USA commercial pilots’ demographics and views of CRM, social desirability and locus of control were surveyed. The Aviation safety locus of control (ASLOC) was used to measure external (ASLOC-E) or internal (ASLOC-I) aviation safety locus of control. The gender differences were explored using the ASLOC scores as a categorical variable. A differential comparison of crew resource management (CRM), based on the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) guidelines was conducted. The results indicated that the proportion of female to male respondents matches the current ratio of USA commercial pilots. Moreover, there were no significant differences regarding overall education and the total number of communication classes one took. Regarding CRM issues, there were no significant differences on their views regarding the roles of the PIC, stress, time management, and managing a flight team. The females scored significantly lower on aeronautical decision making (ADM) and communications. There were no significant differences on either the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) impression management (IM) or self-deceptive enhancement (SDE). Although there were no overall significant differences on the ASLOC, the females did score higher on the internal subscale than did the males. An additional comparison of socially desirable responding indicates that all scores may be invalid, especially from the female respondents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20desirability" title="social desirability">social desirability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20locus%20of%20control" title=" safety locus of control"> safety locus of control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crew%20resource%20management" title=" crew resource management"> crew resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20pilots" title=" commercial pilots"> commercial pilots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64417/usa-commercial-pilots-views-of-crew-resource-management-social-desirability-and-safety-locus-of-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11659</span> Issues and Challenges of Planning in Commercial Business Districts of Farukh Nagar in Gurugram, Harayana, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adedayo%20Jeremiah%20Adeyekun">Adedayo Jeremiah Adeyekun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Oluwagbemiga%20Ishola"> Samuel Oluwagbemiga Ishola</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper focuses on the study of the master plan of rural Farrukhnagar, a town in Gurugram with an aim to proffer solutions to the problems associated with the planning of the town. The commercial zone has been selected for the case study. The findings from the case studies will reveal problems that will require a proposed design of a new ultra-modern market to position traders selling along the road in well-deserved stalls, waste disposal/incinerator system for proper management of waste and cleanliness within the market square, design of stormwater drainage to avoid flood during the rainy season and the design of car/auto – tricycle parks to create more space in the existing market cycle and thereby avoiding congestion. The research proposes urban and architectural solutions to improve the rural commercial service settings in Farrukhnagar which is a study area in Gurugram, Haryana, India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title="management">management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial" title=" commercial"> commercial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service" title=" service"> service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title=" congestion"> congestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143336/issues-and-challenges-of-planning-in-commercial-business-districts-of-farukh-nagar-in-gurugram-harayana-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11658</span> E-Marketing Strategy: A Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks Branches in Bauchi State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20Abubakar">Sagir Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronic means of transaction has provided an opportunity especially for commercial banks to entice more customers that will subsequently boost their return on investment. It moves them from traditional marketing into digital marketing and gives them a competitive advantage over others in the same industry.The paper, therefore, examined the competitive advantage of the electronic marketing strategy among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of e-marketing strategy as a competitive advantage among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state and to evaluate the level of enlightenment campaign offered by the commercial banks branches to their customers on e-marketing. The study obtained data from the staff of the five (s) selected banks branches as the respondents to answer the questionnaire. The research is a quantitative research, where the data where obtained using questionnaire. 100 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed using SPSS’s regression analysis. The research among other findings discovered that, the e-marketing has led to a significant improvement in the banking industry and is expected to continue because of the improvement in the ICT sector. It was also found out that most customers are not aware of the electronic products offered by commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. Some of factors affecting the adoption of e-marketing by banks as indicated from the findings include: top management commitment, government policy on ICT and availability of ICT personnel. The study recommended that commercial banks branches should engage in enlightenment campaign about the existing of their e- products/services, management should place an incentives in order to raise the interest of customers to patronize the products/services online. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-marketing%20strategy" title="e-marketing strategy">e-marketing strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title=" banks"> banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bauchi%20State" title=" Bauchi State"> Bauchi State</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14495/e-marketing-strategy-a-competitive-advantage-among-commercial-banks-branches-in-bauchi-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11657</span> E-Marketing Strategy a Competitive Advantage among Commercial Bank Branches in Bauchi State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagir%20Abubakar">Sagir Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronic means of transaction has provided an opportunity especially for commercial banks to entice more customers that will subsequently boost their return on investment. It moves them from traditional marketing into digital marketing and gives them a competitive advantage over others in the same industry. The paper, therefore, examined the competitive advantage of the electronic marketing strategy among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of e-marketing strategy as a competitive advantage among commercial banks branches in Bauchi state and to evaluate the level of enlightenment campaign offered by the commercial banks branches to their customers on e-marketing. The study obtained data from the staff of the five (s) selected banks branches as the respondents to answer the questionnaire. The research is a quantitative research, where the data where obtained using questionnaire. 100 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed using SPSS’s regression analysis. The research among other findings discovered that the e-marketing has led to a significant improvement in the banking industry and is expected to continue because of the improvement in the ICT sector. It was also found out that most customers are not aware of the electronic products offered by commercial banks branches in Bauchi state. Some of factors affecting the adoption of e-marketing by banks as indicated from the findings include: top management commitment, government policy on ICT and availability of ICT personnel. The study recommended that commercial banks branches should engage in enlightenment campaign about the existing of their e- products/services, management should place an incentive in order to raise the interest of customers to patronize the products/services online. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-marketing%20strategy" title="e-marketing strategy">e-marketing strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competitive%20advantage" title=" competitive advantage"> competitive advantage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title=" banks"> banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bauchi%20State" title=" Bauchi State"> Bauchi State</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23068/e-marketing-strategy-a-competitive-advantage-among-commercial-bank-branches-in-bauchi-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11656</span> Female’s Involvement in Real Estate Business in Nigeria: A Case Study of Lagos State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osaretin%20Rosemary%20Uyi">Osaretin Rosemary Uyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Ogungbemi"> A. O. Ogungbemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Female involvement in policy making and partnership in a man-driven-world is fast gaining international recognition. The Nigeria commercial real estate is one of the sectors of the economy that has a significant number of the male in the business. This study was conducted to assess the participation of females in estate management in Lagos state, Nigeria. Lagos is the commercial nerve center of Nigeria having the highest number of real estate practitioners and investors. The population due to the daily influx of people has made real estate business to continue to grow in this part of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire duly pre-tested and validated was used to elicit information from the respondents. The data collected were presented using tables and charts and were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, were used to test the hypothesis. The results also indicated that most females that participated in commercial real estate business are educated (80%), fell within 31-40 years of age (75%) and of high income status (88%) earn above ₦800,000 per year, while 10% are real estate investors and 82% of the female in the sector are employee. The study concluded that the number of female participating in various aspect of commercial real estate business in the study area was moderate while the numbers of female investors are low when compared to male. This might be due to the problems associated with rent collection, land disputes and other issues that are associated with property management in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that females in real estate should be empowered and encouraged to match with their male counterpart. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20real%20estate" title="commercial real estate">commercial real estate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empowerment" title=" empowerment"> empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female" title=" female"> female</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=property%20management" title=" property management"> property management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34399/females-involvement-in-real-estate-business-in-nigeria-a-case-study-of-lagos-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11655</span> Commercial Management vs. Quantity Surveying: Hoax or Harmonization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelda%20Jansen%20Van%20Rensburg">Zelda Jansen Van Rensburg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study investigates the perceived disparities between Quantity Surveying and Commercial Management in the construction industry, questioning if these differences are substantive or merely semantic. It aims to challenge the conventional notion of Commercial Managers’ superiority by critically evaluating QS and CM roles, exploring CM integration possibilities, examining qualifications for aspiring Commercial Managers, assessing regulatory frameworks, and considering terminology redefinition for global QS professional enhancement. Design: Utilizing mixed methods like literature reviews, surveys, interviews, and document analyses, this research examines the QS-CM relationship. Insights from industry professionals, academics, and regulatory bodies inform the investigation into changing QS roles. Findings: Empirical data highlight evolving roles, showcasing areas of convergence and divergence between QSs and CM. Potential CM integration into QS practice and qualifications for aspiring Commercial Managers are identified. Limitations/Implications: Limitations include potential bias in self-reported data and findings. Nevertheless, the research informs future practices and educational approaches in QS and CM, reflecting the changing roles and responsibilities of Quantity Surveyors. Practical Implications: Findings inform industry practitioners, educators, and regulators, stressing the need to adapt to changing QS roles and integrate CM principles where applicable. Value to the Conference Theme: Aligned with ‘Evolving roles and responsibilities of Quantity Surveyors,’ this research offers insights crucial for understanding the changing dynamics within the QS profession and informs strategies to navigate these shifts effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantity%20surveying" title="quantity surveying">quantity surveying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management" title=" commercial management"> commercial management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20engineering" title=" cost engineering"> cost engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantity%20survey" title=" quantity survey"> quantity survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187047/commercial-management-vs-quantity-surveying-hoax-or-harmonization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11654</span> The Effect of Organizational Factors on Knowledge Sharing in the Jordanian Commercial Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadera%20Al%20Hourani">Nadera Al Hourani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aimed at testing the effect of the organizational factors on reinforcing the knowledge sharing competence in the Jordanian commercial banks. The study population consisted of all the commercial banks working in Jordan according to the statistics of the Jordanian Banks Association by the end of 2010 (n=12). The researchers took a sample of the branch managers (n=240), and constructed a questionnaire to achieve the objective of the study. 235 questionnaires were returned and 16 were discarded due to incompleteness of their data, thus accepting 219 questionnaires. The results of the study indicated statistically significant effect of the organizational factors with their elements: (organizational structure, organizational culture, and human resources policy) in knowledge sharing. The study recommended that the Jordanian commercial banks have to continue attention to the organizational factors through supporting the less important variables and lowest means within the independent variable (organizational factors). The organizational structure came lowest, which urges the management of the commercial banks to adopt a flexible organizational structure capable to reinforce the knowledge sharing competence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banks" title="banks">banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jordan" title=" Jordan"> Jordan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20factors" title=" organizational factors"> organizational factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharing" title=" sharing"> sharing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26967/the-effect-of-organizational-factors-on-knowledge-sharing-in-the-jordanian-commercial-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11653</span> Bioeconomic Modelling for Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in Queensland: Implications for Recreational Fishing Following Recent Gill Netting Closures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabiha%20S.%20Marine">Sabiha S. Marine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Flint"> Nicole Flint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Rolfe"> John Rolfe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Queensland state government introduced commercial gill net fishing closures in Cairns, Mackay, and Rockhampton in November 2015 to increase the recreational fishing opportunities, nature-based tourism, and economic benefits in these three regional areas. This management change is likely to improve the potential for more desirable stock structures through natural recruitment. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is one of the popular target fish for recreational and commercial fishers in Northern Australia. This investigation examines the effects of reduced commercial fishing from both biological and economic perspectives, particularly on the local Barramundi population of the Fitzroy River in Rockhampton, the largest river catchment flowing to the eastern coast of Australia. Data on different parameters of biological and economic aspects have been collated from secondary sources for analysis through a system simulation approach to identify the effectiveness of the commercial netting closures on recreational fishing effort, especially for the Barramundi population. The results have the potential to explain certain consequences of the netting closures in Queensland, which could serve to inform future fisheries management decisions. The study output as a whole will help in the better management of fisheries resources by evaluating recreational fishing opportunities in Queensland, where the potential for increases in recreation is high. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barramundi" title="Barramundi">Barramundi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioeconomic%20model" title=" bioeconomic model"> bioeconomic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fishery%20management" title=" fishery management"> fishery management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recreational%20fishing" title=" recreational fishing"> recreational fishing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88961/bioeconomic-modelling-for-barramundi-lates-calcarifer-in-queensland-implications-for-recreational-fishing-following-recent-gill-netting-closures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11652</span> Assessment of the Production System and Management Practices in Selected Layer Chicken Farms in Batangas, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monette%20S.%20De%20Castro">Monette S. De Castro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veneranda%20A.%20Magpantay"> Veneranda A. Magpantay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20B.%20Adiova"> Christine B. Adiova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20D.%20Arboleda"> Mark D. Arboleda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One-hundred-layer chicken farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using structured questionnaires to assess the production system and management practices in layer chicken farms. The respondents belonged to the commercial scale operation. Results showed that the predominant rearing and housing systems were intensive/complete confinement and open-sided, while slatted was the common type of flooring used during the brood-grow period. Dekalb and Lohmann were the common chicken layer strains reared by farmers. The majority of commercial chicken layer farms preferred ready-to-lay (RTL) pullets as their replacement stocks. Selling was the easiest way for farmers to dispose of and utilize poultry manure, while veterinary waste and mortality were disposed of in pits. Biosecurity practices employed by the farmers conformed with the ASEAN Biosecurity Management Manual for Commercial Poultry Farming. Flies and odor were the major problems in most layer farms that are associated with their farm wastes. Therefore, the application of new technologies and husbandry practices through training and actual demonstrations could be implemented to further improve the layer chicken raising in the province. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer%20chicken%20farms" title="layer chicken farms">layer chicken farms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20system" title=" production system"> production system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182403/assessment-of-the-production-system-and-management-practices-in-selected-layer-chicken-farms-in-batangas-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11651</span> How to Use Big Data in Logistics Issues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Akif%20Aslan">Mehmet Akif Aslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Simsek"> Mehmet Simsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyup%20Sensoy"> Eyup Sensoy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Big Data stands for today’s cutting-edge technology. As the technology becomes widespread, so does Data. Utilizing massive data sets enable companies to get competitive advantages over their adversaries. Out of many area of Big Data usage, logistics has significance role in both commercial sector and military. This paper lays out what big data is and how it is used in both military and commercial logistics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=big%20data" title="big data">big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics" title=" logistics"> logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20efficiency" title=" operational efficiency"> operational efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27245/how-to-use-big-data-in-logistics-issues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11650</span> Commercial Law Between Custom and Islamic Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Zakareia%20Ghazy%20Aly%20Belal">Mohamed Zakareia Ghazy Aly Belal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Commercial law is the set of legal rules that apply to business and regulates the trade of trade. The meaning of this is that the commercial law regulates certain relations only that arises as a result of carrying out certain businesses. which are business, as it regulates the activity of a specific sect, the sect of merchants, and the commercial law as other branches of the law has characteristics that distinguish it from other laws and various, and various sources from which its basis is derived from It is the objective or material source. the historical source, the official source and the interpretative source, and we are limited to official sources and explanatory sources. so what do you see what these sources are, and what is their degree and strength in taking it in commercial disputes. The first topic / characteristics of commercial law. Commercial law has become necessary for the world of trade and economics, which cannot be dispensed with, given the reasons that have been set as legal rules for commercial field. In fact, it is sufficient to refer to the stability and stability of the environment, and in exchange for the movement and the speed in which the commercial environment is in addition to confidence and credit. the characteristic of speed and the characteristic of trust, and credit are the ones that justify the existence of commercial law. Business is fast, while civil business is slow, stable and stability. The person concludes civil transactions in his life only a little. And before doing any civil action. he must have a period of thinking and scrutiny, and the investigation is the person who wants the husband, he must have a period of thinking and scrutiny. as if the person who wants to acquire a house to live with with his family, he must search and investigate Discuss the price before the conclusion of a purchase contract. In the commercial field, transactions take place very quickly because the time factor has an important role in concluding deals and achieving profits. This is because the merchant in contracting about a specific deal would cause a loss to the merchant due to the linkage of the commercial law with the fluctuations of the economy and the market. The merchant may also conclude more than one deal in one and short time. And that is due to the absence of commercial law from the formalities and procedures that hinder commercial transactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title="law">law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20law" title=" commercial law"> commercial law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business" title=" business"> business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20field" title=" commercial field"> commercial field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167000/commercial-law-between-custom-and-islamic-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11649</span> A Study of Industrial Symbiosis and Implementation of Indigenous Circular Economy Technique on an Indian Industrial Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gokulram">A. Gokulram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial waste is often categorized as commercial and non-commercial waste by market value. In many Indian industries and other industrialized countries, the commercial value waste is capitalized and non-commercial waste is dumped to landfill. A lack of adequate research on industrial waste leads to the failure of effective resource management and the non-commercial waste are being considered as commercially non-viable residues. The term Industrial symbiosis refers to the direct inter-firm reuse or exchange of material and energy resource. The resource efficiency of commercial waste is mainly followed by an informal symbiosis in our research area. Some Industrial residues are reused within the facility where they are generated, others are reused directly nearby industrial facilities and some are recycled via the formal and informal market. The act of using industrial waste as a resource for another product faces challenges in India. This research study has observed a major negligence of trust and communication among several bodies to implement effective circular economy in India. This study applies interviewing process across researchers, government bodies, industrialist and designers to understand the challenges of circular economy in India. The study area encompasses an industrial estate in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat which comprises of 1200 industries. The research study primarily focuses on making industrial waste as commercial ready resource and implementing Indigenous sustainable practice in modern context to improve resource efficiency. This study attempted to initiate waste exchange platform among several industrialist and used varied methodologies from mail questionnaire to telephone survey. This study makes key suggestions to policy change and sustainable finance to improve circular economy in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20resource%20management" title="effective resource management">effective resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20policy" title=" environmental policy"> environmental policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20technique" title=" indigenous technique"> indigenous technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20symbiosis" title=" industrial symbiosis"> industrial symbiosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20finance" title=" sustainable finance"> sustainable finance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101937/a-study-of-industrial-symbiosis-and-implementation-of-indigenous-circular-economy-technique-on-an-indian-industrial-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11648</span> Descriptive Study of Tropical Tree Species in Commercial Interest Biosphere Reserve Luki in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armand%20Okende">Armand Okende</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%ABlle%20De%20Weerdt"> Joëlle De Weerdt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Fichtler"> Esther Fichtler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maaike%20De%20Ridder"> Maaike De Ridder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hans%20Beeckman"> Hans Beeckman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rainforest plays a crucial role in regulating the climate balance. The biodiversity of tropical rainforests is undeniable, but many aspects remain poorly known, which directly influences its management. Despite the efforts of sustainable forest management, human pressure in terms of exploitation and smuggling of timber forms a problem compared to exploited species whose status is considered "vulnerable" on the IUCN red list compiled by. Commercial species in Class III of the Democratic Republic of Congo are the least known in the market operating, and their biology is unknown or non-existent. Identification of wood in terms of descriptions and anatomical measurements of the wood is in great demand for various stakeholders such as scientists, customs, IUCN, etc. The objective of this study is the qualitative and quantitative description of the anatomical characteristics of commercial species in Class III of DR Congo. The site of the Luki Biosphere Reserve was chosen because of its high tree species richness. This study focuses on the wood anatomy of 14 commercial species of Class III of DR Congo. Thirty-four wooden discs were collected for these species. The following parameters were measured in the field: Diameter at breast height (DBH), total height and geographic coordinates. Microtomy, identification of vessel parameters (diameter, density and grouping) and photograph of the microscopic sections and determining age were performed in this study. The results obtained are detailed anatomical descriptions of species in Class III of the Democratic Republic of Congo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20management%20of%20forest" title="sustainable management of forest">sustainable management of forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainforest" title=" rainforest"> rainforest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20species%20of%20class%20iii" title=" commercial species of class iii"> commercial species of class iii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vessel%20diameter" title=" vessel diameter"> vessel diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vessel%20density" title=" vessel density"> vessel density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grouping%20vessel" title=" grouping vessel"> grouping vessel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144446/descriptive-study-of-tropical-tree-species-in-commercial-interest-biosphere-reserve-luki-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-drc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11647</span> Energy Consumption and Energy Conservation Potential for HVAC System in Commercial Buildings Sector in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishabh%20Agrawal">Rishabh Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Kaushik"> S. C. Kaushik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Bhatti"> T. S. Bhatti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to reduce energy consumption for sustainable development, continuous energy consumption tracking of building energy systems are essential. In this paper an assessment study has been done to identify the energy consumption & energy conservation potential for commercial buildings sector in Karnataka state, India. There are a total of 326 commercial buildings in the state of Karnataka who has qualified as designated consumers (i.e., having a Contract Demand ≥ 600 KVA), was consider for the study. It has estimated that the annual electricity sale to commercial sector is 3.62 Billion Units (BU) in alone Karnataka State, India, which is an account for 9.57 % of the total electricity sold. The commercial sector constitutes Government & private establishments, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, educational institutions, malls etc. Total 326 commercial buildings in the state accounting for annual energy consumption of 1295.72 Million Units (MU) which works out to about 35% of the sectoral consumption. The annual energy savings potential for 326 commercial buildings is assessed to be 0.25 BU. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20buildings" title="commercial buildings">commercial buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connected%20load" title=" connected load"> connected load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation%20studies" title=" energy conservation studies"> energy conservation studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20savings" title=" energy savings"> energy savings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conservation%20strategy" title=" energy conservation strategy"> energy conservation strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20energy" title=" thermal energy"> thermal energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HVAC%20system" title=" HVAC system"> HVAC system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33896/energy-consumption-and-energy-conservation-potential-for-hvac-system-in-commercial-buildings-sector-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11646</span> Commercial Law Between Custom and Islamic Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shimaa%20Abdel-Rahman%20Amin%20El-Badawy">Shimaa Abdel-Rahman Amin El-Badawy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Commercial law is the set of legal rules that apply to business and regulates the trade of trade. The meaning of this is that the commercial law regulates certain relations only that arises as a result of carrying out certain businesses. which are business, as it regulates the activity of a specific sect, the sect of merchants, and the commercial law as other branches of the law has characteristics that distinguish it from other laws and various, and various sources from which its basis is derived from It is the objective or material source. the historical source, the official source and the interpretative source, and we are limited to official sources and explanatory sources. so what do you see what these sources are, and what is their degree and strength in taking it in commercial disputes. The first topic / characteristics of commercial law. Commercial law has become necessary for the world of trade and economics, which cannot be dispensed with, given the reasons that have been set as legal rules for commercial field.In fact, it is sufficient to refer to the stability and stability of the environment, and in exchange for the movement and the speed in which the commercial environment is in addition to confidence and credit. the characteristic of speed and the characteristic of trust, and credit are the ones that justify the existence of commercial law.Business is fast, while civil business is slow, stable and stability. The person concludes civil transactions in his life only a little. And before doing any civil action. he must have a period of thinking and scrutiny, and the investigation is the person who wants the husband, he must have a period of thinking and scrutiny. as if the person who wants to acquire a house to live with with his family, he must search and investigate. Discuss the price before the conclusion of a purchase contract. In the commercial field, transactions take place very quickly because the time factor has an important role in concluding deals and achieving profits. This is because the merchant in contracting about a specific deal would cause a loss to the merchant due to the linkage of the commercial law with the fluctuations of the economy and the market. The merchant may also conclude more than one deal in one and short time. And that is due to the absence of commercial law from the formalities and procedures that hinder commercial transactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title="law">law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20law" title=" commercial law"> commercial law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20law" title=" Islamic law"> Islamic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=custom%20and%20Islamic%20law" title=" custom and Islamic law"> custom and Islamic law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170034/commercial-law-between-custom-and-islamic-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11645</span> Developing a Town Based Soil Database to Assess the Sensitive Zones in Nutrient Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sefa%20Aksu">Sefa Aksu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%9Cnal%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l"> Ünal Kızıl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For this study, a town based soil database created in Gümüşçay District of Biga Town, Çanakkale, Turkey. Crop and livestock production are major activities in the district. Nutrient management is mainly based on commercial fertilizer application ignoring the livestock manure. Within the boundaries of district, 122 soil sampling points determined over the satellite image. Soil samples collected from the determined points with the help of handheld Global Positioning System. Labeled samples were sent to a commercial laboratory to determine 11 soil parameters including salinity, pH, lime, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc. Based on the test results soil maps for mentioned parameters were developed using remote sensing, GIS, and geostatistical analysis. In this study we developed a GIS database that will be used for soil nutrient management. Methods were explained and soil maps and their interpretations were summarized in the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistics" title="geostatistics">geostatistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20management" title=" nutrient management"> nutrient management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mapping" title=" soil mapping"> soil mapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26938/developing-a-town-based-soil-database-to-assess-the-sensitive-zones-in-nutrient-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11644</span> Return of Equity and Labor Productivity Comparison on Some Sino-Foreign Commercial Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaojun%20Wang">Xiaojun Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a lucky emerging market, most Sino commercial banks has developed rapidly and achieved dazzling performance in recent years. As a large sound commercial bank with long history, Wells Fargo Company(WFC) is taken as a mirror in this paper in order to roughly find out the relevance on life circle of the Sino banks in comparison with WFC. Two financial measures return on equity(ROE) and overall labor productivity(OLP), three commercial banks the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited(HSBC), the Bank of Communication(BCM) and China Minsheng Bank(CMSB) are selected. The comparison data coming from historical annual reports of each company vary from 13 years to 51 years. Several conclusions from the results indicate that most Sino commercial banks would be continually developing with lower financial measures performance for later several decades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20bank" title="commercial bank">commercial bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=features%20comparison" title=" features comparison"> features comparison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labor%20productivity" title=" labor productivity"> labor productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=return%20on%20equity" title=" return on equity"> return on equity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84472/return-of-equity-and-labor-productivity-comparison-on-some-sino-foreign-commercial-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11643</span> Insight on Passive Design for Energy Efficiency in Commercial Building for Hot and Humid Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravind%20J.">Aravind J.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Passive design can be referred to a way of designing buildings that takes advantage of the prevailing climate and natural energy resources. Which will be a key to reduce the increasing energy usage in commercial buildings. Most of the small scale commercial buildings made are merely a thermal mass inbuilt with active systems to bring lively conditions. By bringing the passive design strategies for energy efficiency in commercial buildings will reduce the usage of active systems. Thus the energy usage can be controlled through analysis of daylighting and improved living conditions in the indoor spaces by using passive techniques. And comparative study on different passive design systems and conventional methods will be approached for commercial buildings in hot and humid region. Possible effects of existing risks implied with solution for those problems is also a part of the paper. The result will be carried on with the design programme to prove the workability of the strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20design" title="passive design">passive design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20buildings" title=" commercial buildings"> commercial buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20and%20humid%20climate" title=" hot and humid climate"> hot and humid climate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82003/insight-on-passive-design-for-energy-efficiency-in-commercial-building-for-hot-and-humid-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11642</span> Economic Value Added of Green Marketing for Urban Commerical Center</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Wei%20Hsu">Kuo-Wei Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Ting"> Yen-Ting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu"> Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, green marketing issues have emerged as the developing direction for local governments and social enterprises. At the same time, many social enterprises have considered how to effectively create a low-carbon and sustainable environment. Local government has a role to play in promoting low-carbon life styles and creating a green sustainable environment within this green marketing trend. Therefore, urban commercial centers have implemented relevant plans such as: Green Store, Green Action Shops, Green Restaurants and Green Hotels. The purpose of these plans to select the commercial center organizations have potential energy saving demonstration and environmental greenification. These organizations are willing to provide assistance counseling and become a green demonstration district, thereby promoting the major shopping district to take the initiative to enhance its green competitiveness. Finally, they create a new landscape for the commercial center. Studies on green marketing in commercial centers are seen as less attractive and only a few studies for commercial centers have focused on green marketing strategies. There is no empirical evidence for how commercial center managers evaluate a commercial center green marketing strategy. This research investigated the major commercial centers in Taichung City and found green marketing helps to enhance the connection between the urban commercial center value and society value, shape corporate image with social responsibility and create brand value, and therefore impact the increase of economic value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20value%20added" title="economic value added">economic value added</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20marketing" title=" green marketing"> green marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20environment" title=" sustainable environment"> sustainable environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20commercial%20center." title=" urban commercial center."> urban commercial center.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40894/economic-value-added-of-green-marketing-for-urban-commerical-center" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11641</span> The Construction and Representation of Muslim Identity in Bollywood Commercial Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abonti%20Mehtaz">Abonti Mehtaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The utmost controversial issue that Bollywood movies deal with is religious conflicts and the representation of Islam and or Muslims. The main objective of this paper is to examine that, how Muslim identity is constructed in Bollywood commercial films through the representation of Muslims and/or Islam. Two hypotheses are developed for this study, i.e., (1) Bollywood commercial films often portray the stereotypical image of Muslims. (2) The portrayal of Muslims and Islam in Bollywood commercial films is often negative. (3) Bollywood commercial films frequently construct a wrong and fake identity of Muslims through an inappropriate representation of Muslims and Islam. This study employs qualitative research techniques. To examine the hypotheses of this paper, 10 Bollywood commercial films produced in between 2000-2018 are selected purposively such as Fiza (2000), Gadar: Ek Prem Katha (2001), Company (2002), Aamir (2008), Kurbaan (2009), Anwar (2010), My name is Khan (2010), Raanjhanaa (2013), Omerta (2017) and Pari (2018). By conducting textual analyses of the above mentioned Bollywood commercial films, this paper focuses on different approaches of Muslim identity and their construction as well as representation in Bollywood commercial films in the light of scholarly work in film and cultural studies. Though 10 Bollywood commercial films are selected for contextual analysis, other Bollywood films by other directors are also mentioned in order to establish the hypotheses of this study. Framing theory is used to analyze the media contents. Findings of this study show that all hypotheses are accepted. Bollywood commercial films continually represent Islam and Muslims in incorrect ways and by doing so Bollywood commercial films construct a fallacious Muslim identity. Though the sample size of contents can be considered as a limitation of this study, the findings of the study reveal that how Bollywood commercial film is setting agenda to manipulate the image of Muslims and Islam not only in India but all over the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bollywood%20commercial%20films" title="Bollywood commercial films">Bollywood commercial films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muslim%20identity" title=" Muslim identity"> Muslim identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=misrepresentation" title=" misrepresentation"> misrepresentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotypical" title=" stereotypical"> stereotypical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107191/the-construction-and-representation-of-muslim-identity-in-bollywood-commercial-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11640</span> Production and Evaluation of Enriched Aadun (a Local Maize Snack)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Oluwasola">E. Oluwasola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bamidele"> E. Bamidele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ogunbusola"> E. Ogunbusola </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enriched “aadun” was produced from maize with, supplemented with cray fish and beans. Sodium chloride (Nacl) was also added to the product which acts as preservatives. The produced enriched “aadun” was compared with commercial “aadun” organoleptically the result of the sensory evaluation carried out on the product showed that there is a statistical significant difference between the mouth feel of enriched and commercial “aadun” at 0.05 level of significance (t=5.499, P<0.05) Similarly, the mean difference between enriched and commercial “aadun” in terms of aroma (t=4.403, P<0.05), taste (t=4.592, P<0.05) colour (t=2.788, P<0.05) and general acceptability (t=3.894, P<0.05) is statistically significant at 95% confidence level in each case, therefore, it is clearly revealed that product 321 (Enriched “aadun”) is more acceptable and significant better than product 432 (commercial “aadun”) in all the attributes evaluated. The proximate analysis using standard methods of analysis was carried out which include the moisture content, ash and protein content for both the enriched aadun and commercial aadun the result showed moisture content 9%, ash 6.2%, protein 19.6% and 12.9% moisture content, 4%ash content, 8.75% protein for the commercial and improved aadun respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aadun" title="aadun">aadun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enriched" title=" enriched"> enriched</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplemented" title=" supplemented "> supplemented </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20691/production-and-evaluation-of-enriched-aadun-a-local-maize-snack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11639</span> Portfolio Management for Construction Company during Covid-19 Using AHP Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sareh%20Rajabi">Sareh Rajabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Bheiry"> Salwa Bheiry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In general, Covid-19 created many financial and non-financial damages to the economy and community. Level and severity of covid-19 as pandemic case varies over the region and due to different types of the projects. Covid-19 virus emerged as one of the most imperative risk management factors word-wide recently. Therefore, as part of portfolio management assessment, it is essential to evaluate severity of such risk on the project and program in portfolio management level to avoid any risky portfolio. Covid-19 appeared very effectively in South America, part of Europe and Middle East. Such pandemic infection affected the whole universe, due to lock down, interruption in supply chain management, health and safety requirements, transportations and commercial impacts. Therefore, this research proposes Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze and assess such pandemic case like Covid-19 and its impacts on the construction projects. The AHP technique uses four sub-criteria: Health and safety, commercial risk, completion risk and contractual risk to evaluate the project and program. The result will provide the decision makers with information which project has higher or lower risk in case of Covid-19 and pandemic scenario. Therefore, the decision makers can have most feasible solution based on effective weighted criteria for project selection within their portfolio to match with the organization’s strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20management" title="portfolio management">portfolio management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20hierarchy%20process%20technique" title=" analytical hierarchy process technique"> analytical hierarchy process technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130424/portfolio-management-for-construction-company-during-covid-19-using-ahp-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=388">388</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=389">389</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20management&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>