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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Serra da Estrela Natural Park</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 100%;"><div style="background-color: #A5CADA;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN category</a> V (protected landscape/seascape)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serra_da_Estrela_-2_-_Portugal_(16645636230).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Serra_da_Estrela_-2_-_Portugal_%2816645636230%29.jpg/284px-Serra_da_Estrela_-2_-_Portugal_%2816645636230%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Serra_da_Estrela_-2_-_Portugal_%2816645636230%29.jpg/426px-Serra_da_Estrela_-2_-_Portugal_%2816645636230%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Serra_da_Estrela_-2_-_Portugal_%2816645636230%29.jpg/568px-Serra_da_Estrela_-2_-_Portugal_%2816645636230%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:284px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:284px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:284px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Portugal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Serra da Estrela Natural Park"><img alt="Map showing the location of Serra da Estrela Natural Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/284px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="545" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/426px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Reliefkarte_Portugal.png/568px-Reliefkarte_Portugal.png 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="3133" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.824%;left:59.539%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Serra da Estrela Natural Park"><img alt="Map showing the location of Serra da Estrela Natural Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="locality"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Portugal" title="Central Region, Portugal">Central Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&params=40_24_21_N_7_32_15_W_type:landmark_dim:31km"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°24′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°32′15″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.40583°N 7.53750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.40583; -7.53750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">891.32 km<sup>2</sup> (344.14 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,991 m (6,532 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Min. elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">291 m (955 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">July 16, 1976<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1976-07-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">7,596 (in 2017-2020 (average))<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governing body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ICNF" class="mw-redirect" title="ICNF">ICNF</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Estrela Mountain upper Plateau and upper Zêzere River</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">2 December 2005</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1614<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Serra da Estrela Natural Park</b> or <b><span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;">Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela</span></span></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserve</a> in the largest mountain range in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> - the <a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Estrela" title="Serra da Estrela">Serra da Estrela</a> – and is the source of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Mondego_River" title="Mondego River">Mondego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%AAzere_River" title="Zêzere River">Zêzere</a> (tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Tagus" title="Tagus">Tagus</a>), and Alva. The park is the largest <a href="/wiki/Conservation_areas_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation areas of Portugal">natural conservation area in Portugal</a> and occupies about 1,000 km<sup>2</sup>. More than half of its area is located above an altitude of 700 m. At 1,993 m it contains the highest peak in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Portugal" title="Continental Portugal">Continental Portugal</a> (named <a href="/wiki/Torre_(Serra_da_Estrela)" title="Torre (Serra da Estrela)">Torre</a>) and a <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resort</a> (named <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Ski_Resort" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Ski Resort">Vodafone Ski Resort</a>). </p><p>During the Quaternary period, the entre region was subjected to the action of ice and once this disappeared visible marks were left on the landscape. Valleys in the shape of horseshoes, ravines, polished rocks and lakes of glacial origin are just some of the formations that demonstrate the importance of the ice and snow in modelling the mountains. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The central plateau, dominated by the 7 m <i>Torre</i> (Tower) and <i>Cântaros</i>, location of the glacial valley of the Zêzere, contrasts with another mountain, the Videmonte plateau, which is still in the initial bed of the Mondego, dotted with isolated farms among fields of rye and pastures where cattle are bred. In the valleys to the south west, decorated by terraces and surrounded by the <i>Penha dos Abutres</i>, are the villages of <a href="/wiki/Loriga" title="Loriga">Loriga</a> and Alvoco, which have developed on powerful rocky spurs. Finally, the north west slope stretches from below <a href="/wiki/Seia" title="Seia">Seia</a> to the land dominated by the castle of Linhares and the fields where maize is cultivated and vines are planted up the slopes to where the broom grows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of fauna, the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a> is a thing of the past and even <a href="/wiki/Wolve" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolve">wolves</a> only roam here sporadically. In addition to the wall lizard that is a feature of the region, other species include <a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">otters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">genets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">badgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild cat">wild cats</a>, water voles, red breasted bullfinches, Algerian wall lizards and <a href="/wiki/Midwife_frog" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwife frog">midwife frogs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The natural vegetation appears in three separate sectors. Under 900 m, in very clearly defined areas. Between 800/900 m and 1600 m is the domain of the black oak. From 1600 m upwards, we find the juniper and the high pastures where the <a href="/wiki/Gentiana_lutea" title="Gentiana lutea">gentian</a>, a plant in danger of extinction, can be found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_occupation">Human occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The villages in the Serra da Estrela Natural Park area are mainly at the bottom of the mountains and date back to medieval times. However, before this other cultures left their mark on this area. One of the most notable examples of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> presence are the remains at <i>Famalicão</i> and <i>Folgosinho</i>, of the road that connected <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mérida (Spain)">Mérida</a> to <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>. The route by which it crosses the mountain would certainly have caused difficulties in construction. The <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> influence is seen in the irrigation system and the fruit orchards while the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigothic">Visigothic</a> culture organized all rural space by applying the <i>Visigoth Code</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the Natural Park, a traditional mountain economy is practised, centred on agriculture, shepherding of sheep and goats, particularly domestic sheep and the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Estrela_cheese" title="Serra da Estrela cheese">Serra da Estrela cheese</a>. The craftsmanship of the region is expressed in basket work using chestnut and wicker, weaving, embroidered cotton and smoked produce. </p><p>As the population of the Natural Park ages, locals have turned to other means, such as tourism, to preserve their economy and cultural traditions. Local associations, such as the Aldeias de Montanha, have partnered with tour operators like Terra & Tu to develop itineraries in which foreign travelers can explore the region, in hopes of highlighting its unique culture and natural beauty while providing economic opportunities for locals.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/wdpa/1338">"Serra da Estrela | DOPA Explorer"</a>. <i>dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Serra+da+Estrela+%7C+DOPA+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu%2Fwdpa%2F1338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerra+da+Estrela+Natural+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icnf.pt/api/file/doc/01601d2b3108836b">"Número de visitantes que contactaram as áreas protegidas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ICNF" class="mw-redirect" title="ICNF">ICNF</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=N%C3%BAmero+de+visitantes+que+contactaram+as+%C3%A1reas+protegidas&rft.pub=ICNF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icnf.pt%2Fapi%2Ffile%2Fdoc%2F01601d2b3108836b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerra+da+Estrela+Natural+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1614">"Estrela Mountain upper Plateau and upper Zêzere River"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar</a> Sites Information Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ramsar+Sites+Information+Service&rft.atitle=Estrela+Mountain+upper+Plateau+and+upper+Z%C3%AAzere+River&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsis.ramsar.org%2Fris%2F1614&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerra+da+Estrela+Natural+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terraandtu.com/blog/shepherds-and-cheesemakers-of-serra-da-estrela">"Preserving Tradition: The Shepherds and Cheesemakers of Serra da Estrela"</a>. Terra & Tu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preserving+Tradition%3A+The+Shepherds+and+Cheesemakers+of+Serra+da+Estrela&rft.pub=Terra+%26+Tu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terraandtu.com%2Fblog%2Fshepherds-and-cheesemakers-of-serra-da-estrela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerra+da+Estrela+Natural+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.terraandtu.com/blog/serra-da-estrela-portugal">"Discover the Unspoiled Beauty of Serra da Estrela, Portugal, with Terra & Tu"</a>. Terra & Tu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discover+the+Unspoiled+Beauty+of+Serra+da+Estrela%2C+Portugal%2C+with+Terra+%26+Tu&rft.pub=Terra+%26+Tu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.terraandtu.com%2Fblog%2Fserra-da-estrela-portugal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerra+da+Estrela+Natural+Park" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Serra_da_Estrela_Natural_Park#Q2581550" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Serra da Estrela Natural Park">Serra da Estrela Natural Park</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070426091725/http://portal.icn.pt/ICNPortal/vPT/Areas%20Protegidas/ParquesNaturais/SerraEstrela/">Official Site at the (Portuguese) Institute for Nature Conservation</a> (Portuguese language)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929064112/http://pan.cultland.org/cultbase/?document_id=304">Serra da Estrela Natural Park information from the Cultural Landscapes and Cultural Landscape Ecosystems in Europe cultbase</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/rodrigoantunes/sets/72157621627862083/">Serra da Estrela Natural Park Photos</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Portugal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Portugal" title="Protected areas of Portugal">Protected areas of Portugal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">National park</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peneda-Ger%C3%AAs_National_Park" title="Peneda-Gerês National Park">Peneda-Gerês</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nature_park" title="Nature park">Nature parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alv%C3%A3o_Natural_Park" title="Alvão Natural Park">Alvão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arr%C3%A1bida_Natural_Park" title="Arrábida Natural Park">Arrábida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Gir%C3%A3o_Marine_Natural_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Girão Marine Natural Park (page does not exist)">Cape Girão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadiana_Valley_Natural_Park" title="Guadiana Valley Natural Park">Guadiana Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douro_International_Natural_Park" title="Douro International Natural Park">Douro International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_International_Natural_Park" title="Tagus International Natural Park">Tagus International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_Natural_Park" title="Madeira Natural Park">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesinho_Natural_Park" title="Montesinho Natural Park">Montesinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Littoral_Natural_Park" title="Northern Littoral Natural Park">Northern Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponta_Do_Pargo_Marine_Natural_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponta Do Pargo Marine Natural Park (page does not exist)">Ponta Do Pargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ria_Formosa_Natural_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Ria Formosa Natural Park">Ria Formosa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serra da Estrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_de_S%C3%A3o_Mamede_Natural_Park" title="Serra de São Mamede Natural Park">Serra de São Mamede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serras_de_Aire_e_Candeeiros_Natural_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park">Serras de Aire e Candeeiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintra-Cascais_Natural_Park" title="Sintra-Cascais Natural Park">Sintra-Cascais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Alentejo_and_Vicentine_Coast_Natural_Park" title="Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast Natural Park">Southwest Alentejo and Vicentine Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">Nature reserves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Arzila" title="Paul de Arzila">Arzila Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlengas_Natural_Reserve" title="Berlengas Natural Reserve">Berlengas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boquilobo_Bog_Natural_Reserve" title="Boquilobo Bog Natural Reserve">Boquilobo Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_Marim_and_Vila_Real_de_Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_Marsh_Natural_Reserve" title="Castro Marim and Vila Real de Santo António Marsh Natural Reserve">Castro Marim and Vila Real de Santo António Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desertas_Islands_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desertas Islands Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Desertas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garajau" title="Garajau">Garajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sado_Estuary_Natural_Reserve" title="Sado Estuary Natural Reserve">Sado Estuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Andr%C3%A9_and_Sancha_Lagoons_Natural_Reserve" title="Santo André and Sancha Lagoons Natural Reserve">Santo André and Sancha Lagoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jacinto_Dunes_Natural_Reserve" title="São Jacinto Dunes Natural Reserve">São Jacinto Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands_Nature_Reserve" title="Savage Islands Nature Reserve">Savage Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Malcata_Natural_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Serra da Malcata Natural Reserve">Serra da Malcata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%ADtio_da_Rocha_do_Navio_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sítio da Rocha do Navio Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Sítio da Rocha do Navio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagus_Estuary_Natural_Reserve" title="Tagus Estuary Natural Reserve">Tagus Estuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protected_landscape" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected landscape">Protected landscapes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azibo_Reservoir_Protected_Landscape" title="Azibo Reservoir Protected Landscape">Azibo Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertiandos_and_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_de_Arcos_Lagoons_Protected_Landscape" title="Bertiandos and São Pedro de Arcos Lagoons Protected Landscape">Bertiandos and São Pedro de Arcos Lagoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corno_do_Bico_Protected_Landscape" title="Corno do Bico Protected Landscape">Corno do Bico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_da_Caparica_Fossil_Cliff_Protected_Landscape" title="Costa da Caparica Fossil Cliff Protected Landscape">Costa da Caparica Fossil Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litoral_De_Vila_Do_Conde_E_Reserva_Ornitol%C3%B3gica_Do_Mindelo_Regional_Protected_Landscape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litoral De Vila Do Conde E Reserva Ornitológica Do Mindelo Regional Protected Landscape (page does not exist)">Litoral De Vila Do Conde e Reserva Ornitológica Do Mindelo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocha_da_Pena_Local_Protected_Landscape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocha da Pena Local Protected Landscape (page does not exist)">Rocha da Pena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_de_Montejunto_Protected_Landscape" title="Serra de Montejunto Protected Landscape">Serra de Montejunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_do_A%C3%A7or_Protected_Landscape" title="Serra do Açor Protected Landscape">Serra do Açor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_monument" title="Natural monument">Natural monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pegadas_de_Dinoss%C3%A1urios_da_Serra_de_Aire_Natural_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegadas de Dinossáurios da Serra de Aire Natural Monument">Pegadas de Dinossáurios da Serra de Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portas_de_R%C3%B3d%C3%A3o_Natural_Monument" title="Portas de Ródão Natural Monument">Portas de Ródão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Monument_of_Carenque" title="Natural Monument of Carenque">Carenque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedra_da_Mua_Natural_Monument&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedra da Mua Natural Monument (page does not exist)">Pedra da Mua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagosteiros_Natural_Monument" title="Lagosteiros Natural Monument">Lagosteiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedreira_do_Avelino_Natural_Monument" title="Pedreira do Avelino Natural Monument">Pedreira do Avelino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Mondego" title="Cabo Mondego">Cabo Mondego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National forests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bar%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_National_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barão de São João National Forest (page does not exist)">Barão de São João</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%A7aco_Forest" title="Buçaco Forest">Buçaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camarido_National_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camarido National Forest (page does not exist)">Camarido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choupal_National_Forest" title="Choupal National Forest">Choupal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunas_de_Mira,_G%C3%A2ndara_e_Gafanhas" title="Dunas de Mira, Gândara e Gafanhas">Dunas de Mira, Gândara e Gafanhas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leiria_Pine_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leiria Pine Forest (page does not exist)">Pinhal de Leiria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margara%C3%A7a_National_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaraça National Forest (page does not exist)">Margaraça</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medos_National_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medos National Forest (page does not exist)">Medos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vale_de_Canas_National_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vale de Canas National Forest (page does not exist)">Vale de Canas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambarinho_Botanical_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambarinho Botanical Reserve (page does not exist)">Cambarinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faia_Brava" title="Faia Brava">Faia Brava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2581550#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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