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Greek sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ancient_Greek_sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ancient Greek sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greek_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Homer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Homer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegory_of_the_Prayers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegory_of_the_Prayers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Allegory of the Prayers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegory_of_the_Prayers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agamemnon's_apology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agamemnon's_apology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Agamemnon's apology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agamemnon's_apology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hesiod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hesiod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Hesiod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hesiod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aeschylus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aeschylus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Aeschylus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aeschylus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shakespeare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shakespeare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Shakespeare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shakespeare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate_(doueez)" title="Ate (doueez) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ate (doueez)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate_(mitologia)" title="Ate (mitologia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ate (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81t%C3%A9" title="Áté – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Áté" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate_(Mythologie)" title="Ate (Mythologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ate (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Άτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate_(mitolog%C3%ADa)" title="Ate (mitología) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ate (mitología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate_(mitologio)" title="Ate (mitologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ate (mitologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D9%87" title="آته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9" title="Até – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Até" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%85%8C" title="아테 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아테" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BF%D5%A5" title="Ատե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ատե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate_(mythologia)" title="Ate (mythologia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ate (mythologia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C4%97" title="Atė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9" title="Até – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Até" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ата (митологија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ата (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC" title="アーテー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーテー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A9" title="Até – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Até" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Ата (богиня) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ата (богиня)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Ата (митологија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ата (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate" title="Ate – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ate" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ата – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ата" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BF%92" title="阿忒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿忒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Greek goddess of mischief</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ate (disambiguation)">Ate (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Ate</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἄτη</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Átē</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Delusion, Recklessness, Folly, Ruin')<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Personification" title="Personification">personification</a> of moral blindness and error. She could blind the mind of both gods and men leading them astray. Ate was banished from Olympus by Zeus for blinding him to <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a>'s trickery denying <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> his birthright. <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> calls Ate the daughter of Zeus, while <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> has Ate as the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a> (Strife).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personification">Personification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like all the children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a> (Strife), Ate is a personified abstraction, allegorizing the meaning of her name, and represents one of the many harms which might be thought to result from discord and strife.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meaning of her name, the Greek word <i>atē</i> (<i>ἄτη</i>), is difficult to define.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Atē</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Verbal_noun" title="Verbal noun">verbal noun</a> of the verb <i>aáō</i> (<i>ἀάω</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, <i>aáō </i> means to "lead astray", "befuddle", "blind", or "delude",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i>ἄτη</i> can mean: (1) the state of "delusion, infatuation (inflicted on a person's mind by a god, esp Zeus)", (2) "reckless behavior ... recklessness, folly", and (3) "ruin, calamity, harm".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As informed by the meanings and usage of the unpersonified <i>atē</i>, personified Ate can apparently represent any part (or all?) of the causal sequence: (1) a blinding or clouding of the mind—causing (2) ill-considered and reckless actions—causing (3) the ruin such actions entail.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is thought of as being the instigator of delusion and its resulting destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beyond being a mere personification, Ate has little actual identity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Iliad</i>, <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>, the leader of Greek expedition against Troy, tells the story of Ate's deception of Zeus, and her subsequent banishment from Olympus, an etiological myth supposedly explaining how Ate entered the world of men.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As told by Agamemnon, Hera tricked Zeus into swearing an oath that resulted in Zeus' son Heracles losing the birthright Zeus had intended for him. Zeus blamed Ate for clouding his mind causing him not to see Hera's deception. In great anger Zeus grabbed Ate by the hair and flung her from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>, and thereby Ate came to inhabit the "fields of men".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the mythographer <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, when Ate was thrown down by Zeus, Ate landed in <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> at a place called "the hill of the Phrygian Ate", where the city of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>, in his <i>Alexandra</i>, also mentions the place calling it "the high Hill of Doom [Ate]".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> calls Ate the eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, with no mother mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> has Ate as one of the several children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a> (Strife), with no father mentioned. Her siblings include (among several others) her brothers <a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a> (Oath), and the <a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a> (Wars), and sisters <a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a> (Famine), and <a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a> (Lawlessness).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, in his tragedy <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a>, has the Chorus call <a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a> "the unendurable child of scheming Ruin [Ate]".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zeus">Zeus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Zeus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ate is closely associated with Zeus. In the <i>Iliad</i>, Ate is called the "eldest" daughter of Zeus, an apparent indication of her power and her importance to Zeus.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ate (or the impersonal <i>atē</i>) is often referred to as the agent (or instrument) of Zeus' divine retribution.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Iliad</i>, Zeus is begged to send Ate so that the denier of "Prayers ... may fall and pay full recompense."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Agamemnon blames Ate for blinding him (which led to his dishonoring Achilles), he also says that it was Zeus (via Ate?) who robbed him of his senses.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Hesiod, Zeus never sends war, nor famine, nor "calamity [<i>atē</i>]" to those who honor Justice,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a> says that "Zeus sends [<i>atē</i>] to punish" men.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ate also appears as an agent of Zeus' justice in <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>'s tragic trilogy the <i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">Oresteia</a></i>. In <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a>, the first play of the trilogy, Ate is linked with <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>, and Agamemnon's wife <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a>, both of whom act as agents of Zeus' retribution. Helen, who plays an instrumental role in Zeus' punishment of Troy, is likened to a "priest" of Ate, while Clytemnestra, who, by killing Agamemnon, is the direct instrument of Zeus' punishment, says that she did so with the aid of "Ruin [Ate]". In the <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Libation Bearers</i></a>, the second play of the <i>Oresteia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> describes Zeus as one who sends Ate to avenge "reckless human violence!"<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Greek_sources">Ancient Greek sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient Greek sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Personified Ate occurs several times in Greek literature, from the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a> periods.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homer">Homer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Homer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Homer, <i>atē</i> is something inflicted by the gods; it causes delusion, then folly, then disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ate, as the personification of atē, receives its fullest development in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s<i> <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>, his epic poem about the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, to what extent Homer may have considered Ate to be an actual divinity as opposed to a mere allegory is unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The references to the goddess in the <i>Iliad</i> revolve around <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>'s folly in having robbed <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, the Greeks greatest warrior, of his war prize, the slave <a href="/wiki/Briseis" title="Briseis">Briseis</a>, and Achilles' subsequent refusal to fight, which brought the Greeks to the brink of defeat. While the concept of <i>atē</i> is a central theme in the <i>Iliad</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> occurring many times, Ate, as the personification of <i>atē</i>, is explicitly found in just two speeches, one in Book 9, and the other in Book 19.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allegory_of_the_Prayers">Allegory of the Prayers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Allegory of the Prayers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the embassy to Achilles in Book 9, Achilles' old tutor <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(son_of_Amyntor)" title="Phoenix (son of Amyntor)">Phoenix</a>, trying to persuade <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> to accept Agamemnon's offer of reparations, and return to battle, tells the following parable in which the "fleet of foot" Ate ("Blindness") outruns "halting" <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Prayers</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For Prayers there are as well, the daughters of great Zeus, halting and wrinkled and of eyes askance, and they are ever mindful to follow in the steps of Blindness. But Blindness is strong and fleet of foot, so she far outruns them all, and goes before them over all the earth making men to fall, and Prayers follow after, seeking to heal the hurt. Now him who will respect the daughters of Zeus, when they draw near, him they greatly benefit, and hear him when he prays; but if a man denies them and stubbornly refuses, then they go and beg Zeus, son of Cronos, that Blindness may follow that man so that he may fall and pay full recompense.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homer-iliad/1924/pb_LCL170.431.xml">9.502–512</a>; translation by A.T. Murray, revised by William F. Wyatt</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In this allegory, Ate appears twice. First Ate causes damage to human beings. Then Prayers follow after Ate to repair her damage. But if the repair offered by Prayers is rejected (in this case if Achilles rejects Agamemnon's appeal) then Ate appears again as the punishment for such rejections. Ate both runs in front of Prayers, and when Prayers are refused, Ate also follows close behind.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two appearances can also be seen as examples of the Homeric Ate's dual role, as both cause and effect. Here Ate is both the cause of the original offense (Agamemnon's insult to Achilles), and the disastrous consequences which would (and will) follow from Achilles' refusal of Agamemnon's attempt to make amends.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agamemnon's_apology"><span id="Agamemnon.27s_apology"></span>Agamemnon's apology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Agamemnon's apology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Book 19, <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> attempts to excuse himself for having taken Briseis from Achilles, by blaming the "accursed" Ate (among others) for blinding his mind:<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is not I who am at fault, but Zeus and Fate and Erinys, that walks in darkness, since in the place of assembly they cast on my mind fierce blindness [<i>atē</i>] on that day when on my own authority I took from Achilles his prize. But what could I do? It is a god that brings all things to their end. Eldest daughter of Zeus is Ate who blinds all— accursed one; delicate are her feet, for it is not the ground that she touches, but she walks over the heads of men, bringing men to harm, and this one or that she ensnares.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homer-iliad/1924/pb_LCL171.341.xml">19.86–94</a>; translation by A.T. Murray, revised by William F. Wyatt</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Phoenix's speech in Book 9 and Agamemnon's in Book 19 reveal different aspects of Ate's nature. The first emphasizes Ate's strength and speed, and her use by Zeus to punish (in this case, those who disregard Prayers). The second describes Ate's soft feet, walking not on the ground, but above the "heads of men", where, apparently unnoticed, she brings "men to harm".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To further excuse his conduct,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agamemnon tells the story—as an illustration of Ate's great power<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—of how: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[Ate] once even blinded Zeus, though men say that he is the greatest among men and gods;</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homer-iliad/1924/pb_LCL171.341.xml">19.95–96</a>; translation by A.T. Murray, revised by William F. Wyatt</cite></div></blockquote> <p>According to Agamemnon, when <a href="/wiki/Alcmene" title="Alcmene">Alcmene</a> was about to give birth to Zeus's son <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, Zeus, in his great pride, boasted that on that day would be born a man, of Zeus's blood, who would be king of the <a href="/wiki/Argives" class="mw-redirect" title="Argives">Argives</a>. But Hera tricked Zeus into swearing an unbreakable oath such that whatever man, of Zeus's blood, born that day would be king. Then Hera delayed the birth of Heracles, and caused <a href="/wiki/Eurystheus" title="Eurystheus">Eurystheus</a>, the great-grandson of Zeus, to be born prematurely, and thus Heracles lost the birthright Zeus had intended for him. Zeus (like Agamemnon) blamed Ate for blinding him to Hera's trickery.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As punishment, an enraged Zeus: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>seized Ate by her bright-tressed head,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> angered in his mind, and swore a mighty oath that never again to Olympus and the starry heaven should Ate come, who blinds all. So said he, and whirling her in his hand flung her from the starry heaven, and quickly she came to the tilled fields of men. At thought of her would he ever groan when he saw his dear son in disgraceful toil at Eurystheus’ tasks.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:19.114-19.153">19.126–133</a>; translation by A.T. Murray, revised by William F. Wyatt</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hesiod">Hesiod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hesiod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> presented Ate as one of the several offspring of Eris, all of whom were personifications representing some of the many harms which can arise out of discord and strife.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hesiod particular associates Ate with her sister <a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a> (Lawlessness). While listing the children of Eris, he lists both on the same line (230) of his <i>Theogony</i> and says they are "much like one another".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a passage in his <i><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></i> (213–285), Hesiod describes various relationships between several personifications, including Ate. The passage, which discusses the superiority of <a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a> (Justice) over <a href="/wiki/Hybris_(mythology)" title="Hybris (mythology)">Hybris</a>, also mentions <a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a> (Peace), who attends those who "heed" Dike (228), and Ate's brother <a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a> (Oath), who "runs along side crooked judgements" (219).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular Hesiod associates Ate with "war", which might refer to Ate's brothers, the <a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a> (Wars), and her sister <a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a> (Famine) as all being punishments for those who "foster" Hybris:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>give heed to Justice [<a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a>] and do not foster Outrageousness [<a href="/wiki/Hybris_(mythology)" title="Hybris (mythology)">Hybris</a>] ... [since for those who do] far-seeing Zeus never marks out painful war; nor does famine [<i>limos</i>] attend straight-judging men, nor calamity [<i>atē</i>], but they share out in festivities the fruits of the labors they care for.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-works_days/2018/pb_LCL057.105.xml">213–231</a>; translation by Glenn W. Most</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aeschylus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the tragic poets, the use of <i>atē</i> and (thus) Ate is somewhat different than it is in the <i>Iliad</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both Homer and tragedy, <i>atē</i> can be used to mean the original delusion as well as the resulting destruction. However, while Homer was more focused on the former,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tragedy became more focused on the latter. In tragedy, <i>atē</i> came to be less associated with internal damage: a damaged mind, and more with external damage: ruin, disaster, destruction.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, Ate can be seen as an avenger of evil actions and a just punisher of evil actors, similar to <a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a> (Furies).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ate was particularly prominent in the plays of <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and less so in the later tragedians such as Euripides, where the idea of <a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a> (Justice) becomes more fully developed.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Personified Ate appears several times in Aeschylus' tragedy <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a>, where she is called "scheming", and made the mother of an "unendurable child", the "miserable" <a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a> (Temptation).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aeschylus also associates Ate with divine retribution: Zeus' punishment inflicted on <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>'s abduction of <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>. In a long speech about Helen,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Chorus likens her to a lion cub raised as a loved and loving pet which ends up savagely killing those who raised it, the cub (and by extension Helen) being reared, by divine intent, as a "priest" of Ate.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chorus goes on to describe Ate as: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>the deity with whom none can war or fight,<br /> the unholy arrogance<br /> of Ruin [Ate], black for the house </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_agamemnon/2009/pb_LCL146.89.xml">769–771</a>; translation by Alan H. Sommerstein</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In the final scene of the play, <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a>, with bloody sword and clothes, emerges from the palace to reveal that she has killed her husband Agamemnon, in retribution for his having killed their daughter <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She describes her act as the "Justice" [Dike] due for the killing of Iphigenia, and that she was aided by "Ruin" [Ate] and "Fury" [Eryns].<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Aeschylus's <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Libation Bearers</i></a>, Ate is explicitly said to be the agent of Zeus' justice: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Zeus, Zeus,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who sends up from below<br /> avenging ruin [Ate] soon or late,<br /> against audacious, reckless<br /> human violence! </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Libation Bearers</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_libation_bearers/2009/pb_LCL146.261.xml">382–385</a>; translation by Alan H. Sommerstein</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Ate also occurs twice in Aeschylus' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">Persians</a></i>. At the beginning of the play, the Chorus of Persian elders voice their foreboding on their war with Greece: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>But what mortal man can escape<br /> the guileful deception of a god?<br /> ...<br /> For Ruin [Ate] begins by fawning on a man in a friendly way<br /> and leads him astray into her net,<br /> from which it is impossible for a mortal to escape and flee. </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">Persians</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-persians/2009/pb_LCL145.25.xml">93–101</a>; translation by Alan H. Sommerstein</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Ate here represents both cause and effect. She begins by deceiving and misleading mortals, and ends by the mortals being caught in <i>her</i> inescapable net.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While, at the end of the play, Aeschylus returns to his typical focus of Ate as disastrous consequence, having the Chorus lament their devastating defeat: "What an evil eye Ruin [Ate] has cast upon us!"<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the battle in Aeschylus's <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Against_Thebes_(play)" title="Seven Against Thebes (play)">Seven Against Thebes</a></i>, Ate's "trophy" stands at the gate of Thebes where both of <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a>' sons have died killing each other in battle, representing the final victory of the "powers of destruction" over the cursed House of <a href="/wiki/Laius" title="Laius">Laius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several other references to Ate in ancient Greek sources. A fragment attributed to one of the two lyric poets of early sixth-century Lesbos: <a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alcaeus" title="Alcaeus">Alcaeus</a>, refers to Ate as "insatiable".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fragment of the fifth-century BC philosopher <a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a> refers to the "meadow of Ate", which probably signifies the mortal world.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fifth-century BC Greek epic poet <a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a> associated Ate (along with <a href="/wiki/Hybris_(mythology)" title="Hybris (mythology)">Hybris</a>, the personification of insolence) with excessive drinking. According to Panyassis, the first round of wine, is for the <a href="/wiki/Graces" class="mw-redirect" title="Graces">Graces</a> (the goddesses of beauty), <a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (the goddesses of good order), and <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> (the god of wine), while the second round, is for <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> (goddess of love), and Dionysus again. But the third round is when "<a href="/wiki/Hybris_(mythology)" title="Hybris (mythology)">Hybris</a> and Ate take their unlovely turn", bringing "good hospitality to a bad end".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his third-century BC epic poem the <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i>, about the adventures of <a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Argonauts" title="Argonauts">Argonauts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a> has <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> say that "even the gods are sometimes visited by Ate".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>'s fifth-century AD epic poem <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i>, in order to gratify Hera, Ate persuades the boy <a href="/wiki/Ampelos" title="Ampelos">Ampelus</a> whom <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> passionately loves, to impress Dionysus by riding on a bull from which Ampelus subsequently falls and breaks his neck.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>'s in his third-century AD <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i>, associates Ate with the punishment of insolence: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Lesser men should beware of insulting their kings either face-to-face or behind their backs: the result is terrible wrath. Justice does exist: Ruin [Ate], who brings mortals misery upon misery, punishes an insolent tongue.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/quintus_smyrnaeus-fall_troy/2018/pb_LCL019.69.xml">1.751–754</a>; translation by Neil Hopkinson</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Shakespeare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the play <i><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)" title="Julius Caesar (play)">Julius Caesar</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> introduces the goddess Ate as an invocation of vengeance and menace. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a>, lamenting <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a>'s murder, envisions: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>And Caesar's spirit, raging for revenge,<br /> With Ate by his side come hot from hell,<br /> Shall in these confines with a monarch's voice<br /> Cry "Havoc!" and let slip the dogs of war,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Shakespeare also mentions her in the play <i><a href="/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a></i>, when Benedick says, referring to <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_(Much_Ado_About_Nothing)" title="Beatrice (Much Ado About Nothing)">Beatrice</a>, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Come, talk not of her. You shall find her the<br />infernal Ate in good apparel.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>So too, in <i><a href="/wiki/King_John_(play)" title="King John (play)">King John</a></i>, Shakespeare refers to <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Queen Eleanor</a> as "An Ate stirring him <small>[<a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a>]</small> to blood and strife",<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in <i><a href="/wiki/Love%27s_Labour%27s_Lost" title="Love's Labour's Lost">Love's Labour's Lost</a></i>, Birone jeers "Pompey is moved. More Ates, more Ates! stir them on, stir them on!"<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folly_(allegory)" title="Folly (allegory)">Folly (allegory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/111_Ate" title="111 Ate">111 Ate</a>, a main-belt asteroid</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The personification of <i>atē</i> is variously translated. Common translations include: 'Delusion' (Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31">p. 31</a>; Lattimore, p. 394 ln. 91; compare <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, s.v. ἄτη 1.), 'Recklessness' (Most, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml">p. 21</a>; compare <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, s.v. ἄτη 2.), 'Folly' (Gantz, p. 10; compare <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, s.v. ἄτη 2.), or 'Ruin' (Caldwell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/page/42/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 42 on 212–232</a>; Lattimore, p. 211 ln. 505; compare <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, s.v. ἄτη 3.); compare <i><a href="/wiki/LSJ" class="mw-redirect" title="LSJ">LSJ</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)%2Fth">s.v. ἄτη</a>. Other translations include 'Blindness' (<i>Iliad</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homer-iliad/1924/pb_LCL170.431.xml">9.505 Wyatt</a>), 'Error' (Grimal, s.v. Ate).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose and Dietrich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.897">s.v. Ate</a>; Dräger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e205210.xml">s.v. Ate</a>; Grimal, s.v. Ate; Tripp, s.v. Ate; Parada, s.v. Ate; Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D51%3Aentry%3Date-bio-1">s.v. Ate</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/LSJ" class="mw-redirect" title="LSJ">LSJ</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)%2Fth">s.v. ἄτη</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31">p. 31</a>; Gantz, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein 2013, p. 1: "The overwhelming impression one gets after exposure to the recent literature on <i>atē</i> is that, firstly, it is an extremely hard concept for the modern mind to understand and, secondly, no two scholars agree on what it meant.".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dräger, <i><a href="/wiki/Brill%27s_New_Pauly" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill's New Pauly">Brill's New Pauly</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e205210.xml">s.v. Ate</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, s.v. ἀάω; compare <i><a href="/wiki/LSJ" class="mw-redirect" title="LSJ">LSJ</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)a%2Fw">s.v. ἀάω</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, s.v. ἄτη; compare with <i><a href="/wiki/LSJ" class="mw-redirect" title="LSJ">LSJ</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)%2Fth">s.v. ἄτη</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamagata, p. 21; Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31">p. 31</a>; Rose and Dietrich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.897">s.v. Ate</a>; Dräger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e205210.xml">s.v. Ate</a>. Padel, in discussing Homer's use of <i>atē</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/174/mode/2up">p. 174</a>), calls this sequence the "<i>atē</i>-sequence" and "Homer's damage-chain": "In most but not all Homeric contexts, atē and aaō seem to mark inner, prior 'damage' done to the mind, which then causes a terrible outward act. Call it the X-act. it is a mistake, a crime, with consequences: further outward 'damage.' Damage in the world. Atē belongs in a causal chain. Damage, X-act, damage. This chain is the word's main point"; and when discussing Ate as personified by Homer, Padel notes (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/181/mode/2up">p. 181</a>) that Ate can represent either the first place or last place in this sequence (or both at once, as she does in the <i>Iliad's</i> "allegory of the Prayers", see below). Sommerstein 2013, p. 3 has a somewhat more expanded view, seeing this <i>atē</i>-sequence as a "process ... starting with a divine initiative and finishing with a human catastrophe, whose beginning, middle and end can all be called <i>atē</i>", and that this "whole process" can be thought of "as a single instance of <i>atē</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Greek_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cambridge Greek Lexicon">The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</a></i>, s.v. ἄτη -Ἄτη.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coray, pp. 50–51 on 86b–138, 57 on 94, 72 on 128–130; Padel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/182/mode/2up">p. 182</a>; Davies, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31">p. 31</a>; <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D19%3Acard%3D74">19.95–133</a>. It is unknown to what extent this story was part of the existing mythology of Heracles, or was an <i>ad hoc</i> Homeric invention, see Coray, p. 59 on 95–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimal, s.v. Ate; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.12.3">3.12.3</a>. Compare <a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes</a> on Lycophron <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isaakioukaiiann00mlgoog/page/319/mode/2up?view=theater">29</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA330">s.v. Ἲλιον</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>, <i>Alexandra</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/callimachuslycop00calluoft/page/496/mode/2up?view=theater">29</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 10; <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:19.74-19.113">19.91</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gantz, p. 10; <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml">226–232</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_agamemnon/2009/pb_LCL146.47.xml">385–386</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coray, p. 56 on 91 πρέσβα; Padel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/182/mode/2up">p. 182</a>; <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:19.74-19.113">19.90</a>. Murray and Padel translate Homer's <i>πρέσβα</i> here as 'eldest'. According to Coray, the word <i>πρέσβα</i> "means 'venerable', perhaps in rank and dignity in the case of goddesses", while noting that "the meaning 'eldest' ... may be heard here as well".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lloyd-Jones, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> 19.510–512.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coray, p. 75 on 136, 137; <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/homer-iliad/1924/pb_LCL171.345.xml">19.136–137</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-works_days/2018/pb_LCL057.107.xml">225–231</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/solon-fragments/1999/pb_LCL258.129.xml">fr 13 Gerber</a> [= fr. 13 West = Strobaeus, <i>Anthology</i> 3.9.23] <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/solon-fragments/1999/pb_LCL258.133.xml">75–76</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Libation Bearers</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_libation_bearers/2009/pb_LCL146.261.xml">382–385</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whether to capitalize <i>atē</i> or its translation, to indicate personification or not, is an editorial choice made "according to the degree of prsonification suggested by the phrase." (West 1978, p. 210 on 213 Δικης). So "occurs" here means the capitalization of the word by the editor/translator being cited, while at the same time understanding that, according to Padel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/181/mode/2up">p. 181</a>: "orthography makes no difference to how she [Ate] operates". For discussions of the use of both Ate, and the much more frequently occurring <i>atē</i> (particularly as used in Homer and Greek tragedy), see: Dodds, pp. 2–8, 37–41; Doyle 1984; Padel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/167/mode/2up">pp. 167–196</a> (Chapters 16, 17, 18), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/249/mode/2up">pp. 249–259</a> (Appendix); Sommerstein 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein, p. 3; Padel, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/9/mode/2up">9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cairns, p. 24; Padel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/182/mode/2up">p. 182</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greeksirrational0000dodd_n4g5/page/5/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 5</a>, describes the instances of the personification of <i>atē</i> in the <i>Iliad</i> as "transparent pieces of allegory". Cairns, pp. 24–25, calls Ate an <i>ad hoc</i> Homeric invention, and says that it is only for the purposes of the argument Homer is presenting that "Atē is actually a goddess". Coray, p. 59 on 95–133, says that it is an open question "whether Ate is a Homeric creation". Padel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/169/mode/2up">p. 169</a>, notes that such modern distinctions between, for example "concrete and metaphorical", may have little meaning for Homer, and, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/181/mode/2up">p. 181</a>, that "Homer personifies <i>atē</i> twice. Here, according to conventions of scholarship and poetry which imitates Greek, we start calling her Ate. But orthography makes no difference to how she operates".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cairns, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For discussions of Ate (and <i>atē</i>) in Homer see: Padel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/174/mode/2up">pp. 167–187</a> (Chapters 16, 17); Cairns 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Padel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/180/mode/2up">p. 181</a>; Rose and Dietrich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.897">s.v. Ate</a>; Dräger, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e205210.xml">s.v. Ate</a>. For a discussion of the so-called "Parable of the Prayers", see: Held 1987, Yamagata 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Padel, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/174/mode/2up">174</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/181/mode/2up">181</a>, which sees Ate here as part what Padel calls "Homers damage-chain": mental damage, causing a bad act, causing damage in the world, with Ate occupying both the front and back of this causal chain.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cairns, pp. 14–15; 25–27; 46–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31">p. 31</a>; Dodds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greeksirrational0000dodd_n4g5/page/2/mode/2up?view=theater">pp. 2–3</a>. For a detailed commentary on Book 19 see Coray 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coray, p. 55 on 91–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coray, pp. 50–51 on 86b–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Held, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31">p. 31</a>; Gantz, p. 10; <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D19%3Acard%3D74">19.95–124</a>. For a description of the parallel structure between the preceding section of the <i>Iliad</i> and this section, showing the links Agamemnon is trying to make between himself and Zeus, see Coray, p. 51 on 86b–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Coray, p. 72 on 126–127 'shining hair', such language implying "carefully coiffed hair, gleaming with the oil used to care for it, is a mark of a refined appearance ... and is part of Ate’s alluring look".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA31">p. 31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">West 1966, p. 232 on 230 Δυσνομίην τ’ Ἄτην τε; <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-theogony/2018/pb_LCL057.21.xml">230</a>. The phrase "much like one another" might apply to <i>all</i> the previously listed children of Eris, however according to Doyle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atitsusemeanings00doyl/page/24/mode/2up">p. 25</a>, the usual interpretation is that the phrase applies just to Dysnomia and Ate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">West 1978, p. 209 on 213–85 The superiority of Dike over Hybris; <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Works_and_Days" title="Works and Days">Works and Days</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/hesiod-works_days/2018/pb_LCL057.105.xml">213–231</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose and Dietrich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.897">s.v. Ate</a>; compare <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/solon-fragments/1999/pb_LCL258.113.xml">fr. 4 Gerber</a> [= fr. 4 West = fr. 3 GP], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/solon-fragments/1999/pb_LCL258.115.xml">30–35</a> [= <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>, <i>On the Embassy</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/demosthenes-orations_xix_de_falsa_legatione/1926/pb_LCL155.413.xml">19.255.33–38</a>], where "Lawfulness [<a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a>], weakens insolence [hybris], and dries up the blooming flowers of ruin [<i>atē</i>]".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although Most's Greek text chooses not to capitalize <i>limos</i> or <i>atē</i> here, West 1978, p. 106 ls. 230–231, does.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For discussion of tragic usage see Doyle 1984; Padel, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/188/mode/2up">188–196</a> (Chapter 18), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/249/mode/2up">249–259</a> (Appendix); Sommerstein 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein 2013, p. 4, which notes that, although Homer is <i>more</i> focused on the beginning of the <i>atē</i>-process, "the end is always kept in mind: a mental aberration which does not have catastrophic consequences is not called <i>atē</i>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein 2013, pp. 5, 9; Doyle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atitsusemeanings00doyl/page/n13/mode/2up">p. 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D51%3Aentry%3Date-bio-1">s.v. Ate</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein, p. 5; Doyle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atitsusemeanings00doyl/page/90/mode/2up">p. 90 n. 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D51%3Aentry%3Date-bio-1">s.v. Ate</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein, p. 7; <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_agamemnon/2009/pb_LCL146.47.xml">385–386</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_agamemnon/2009/pb_LCL146.81.xml">681–781</a>. For a discussions of this stasimon see Scott, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAedAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51">pp. 51–56</a>; Otis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cosmostragedyess0000otis/page/32/mode/2up">pp. 32–34</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAedAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">p. 54</a>; Otis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cosmostragedyess0000otis/page/32/mode/2up">p. 33</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_agamemnon/2009/pb_LCL146.87.xml">736</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_agamemnon/2009/pb_LCL146.167.xml">1372</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia"><i>Agamemnon</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_agamemnon/2009/pb_LCL146.175.xml">1432–1433</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Probably referring to Hades, see Sommerstein 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_libation_bearers/2009/pb_LCL146.261.xml">p. 261 n. 85</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">Persians</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-persians/2009/pb_LCL145.125.xml">1007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sommerstein 2009, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-oresteia_libation_bearers/2009/pb_LCL146.255.xml">p. 255 n. 143</a>; <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seven_Against_Thebes_(play)" title="Seven Against Thebes (play)">Seven Against Thebes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-seven_thebes/2009/pb_LCL145.255.xml">954–960</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sappho" title="Sappho">Sappho</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alcaeus" title="Alcaeus">Alcaeus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/sappho_alcaeus_lyric_poet-fragments/1982/pb_LCL142.453.xml">fr. 25B</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greeksirrational0000dodd_n4g5/page/174/mode/2up?view=theater">p. 174</a>; <a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/empedocles-doctrine/2016/pb_LCL528.375.xml">fr. D24 Laks-Most</a> [= B121 Diels-Krantz].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/panyassis-heraclea/2003/pb_LCL497.207.xml">fr. 20 West</a>; compare with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/panyassis-heraclea/2003/pb_LCL497.211.xml">fr 22 West</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> 4.817; English translation: Rieu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyageofargoargo00apol/page/168/mode/2up">p. 169</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/nonnos-dionysiaca/1940/pb_LCL344.367.xml">11.113 ff.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/julius-caesar/read/3/1/#line-3.1.296"><i>Julius Caesar</i> 3.1/296–299</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/much-ado-about-nothing/read/2/1/#line-2.1.251"><i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> 2.1/251–252</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/king-john/read/2/1/#line-2.1.63"><i>King John</i> 2.1/63</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/loves-labors-lost/read/5/2/#line-5.2.761"><i>Love's Labor's Lost</i> 5.2/761–762</a>, <a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ate_(mythology)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">Agamemnon</a></i>, in <i>Aeschylus: Oresteia: Agamemnon, Libation-Bearers, Eumenides</i>, edited and translated by Alan H. Sommerstein, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 146. Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2009. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99628-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99628-1">978-0-674-99628-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL146/2009/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">Libation Bearers</a></i> in <i>Aeschylus, with an English translation by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D. in two volumes</i>, Vol 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1926, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg007.perseus-eng1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">Persians</a></i> in <i>Aeschylus: Persians. Seven against Thebes. Suppliants. Prometheus Bound</i>, edited and translated by Alan H. Sommerstein. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 145, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99627-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99627-4">978-0-674-99627-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL145/2009/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <i>Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes.</i> Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99135-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99135-4">0-674-99135-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i>, edited and translated by William H. Race, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99630-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99630-4">978-0-674-99630-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL001/2009/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_of_Rhodes" title="Apollonius of Rhodes">Apollonius of Rhodes</a>, <i>The Voyage of Argo: The Argonautica</i>, translated with an introduction by E. V. Rieu, Penguin Books, 1969.</li> <li>Cairns, Douglas, Cairns, F. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/11118503/Ate_in_the_Homeric_poems_for_submission.pdf">"Atê in the Homeric poems"</a>, The University of Edinburgh Research Explorer. Original print publication: <i>Papers of the Langford Latin Seminar</i>, vol. 15, pp. 1–52, Oxbow Books, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905-20555-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905-20555-7">978-0-905-20555-7</a>.</li> <li>Caldwell, Richard, <i>Hesiod's Theogony</i>, Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company (June 1, 1987). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941051-00-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941051-00-2">978-0-941051-00-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hesiodstheogony00hesi/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>Campbell, David A., <i>Greek Lyric, Volume I: Sappho and Alcaeus</i>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 142, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99157-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99157-5">0-674-99157-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL142/1982/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><i>The Cambridge Greek Lexicon</i>, edited by J. Diggle <i>et al</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2021 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82680-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82680-8">978-0-521-82680-8</a>.</li> <li>Coray, Marina, <i>Homer's Iliad: The Basel Commentary. Book XIX</i>, edited by Anton Bierl, Joachim Latacz, S. Douglas Olson, translated by Benjamin W. Millis, Sara Strack, De Guyter, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5015-1224-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5015-1224-7">978-1-5015-1224-7</a>.</li> <li>Davies, Malcom, "Agamemnon's Apology and the Unity of the Iliad", <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>, Vol. 45, No. 1 (1995), pp. 1–8. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/639711">639711</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>, <i>Orations, Volume II: Orations 18-19: De Corona, De Falsa Legatione</i>. translated by C. A. Vince, J. H. Vince, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 155, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1926. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99171-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99171-2">978-0-674-99171-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL155/1926/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._R._Dodds" title="E. R. Dodds">Dodds, E. R.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monoskop.org/images/2/2e/Dodds_E_R_The_Greeks_and_the_Irrational_1951.pdf"><i>The Greeks and the Irrational</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, Berkeley, 1951. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greeksirrational0000dodd_n4g5/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater">Internet Archive: 1957 paperback edition, Beacon Press, Boston</a>.</li> <li>Doyle, Richard E., <i>Atē, Its Use and Meaning : A Study in the Greek Poetic Tradition from Homer to Euripides</i>, New York, <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_Press" title="Fordham University Press">Fordham University Press</a>, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8232-1062-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8232-1062-6">0-8232-1062-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atitsusemeanings00doyl/page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>Dräger, Paul, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks-brill-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/display/entries/NPOE/e205210.xml">s.v. Ate</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/package/bnpo"><i>Brill’s New Pauly Online</i></a>, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and, Helmuth Schneider, English Edition by: Christine F. Salazar, Classical Tradition volumes edited by: Manfred Landfester, English Edition by: Francis G. Gentry, published online: 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empedocles" title="Empedocles">Empedocles</a>, in <i>Early Greek Philosophy, Volume V: Western Greek Thinkers, Part 2. </i>, edited and translated by André Laks, Glenn W. Most, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 528, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99706-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99706-6">978-0-674-99706-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL528/2016/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gantz" title="Timothy Gantz">Gantz, Timothy</a>, <i>Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5360-9">978-0-8018-5360-9</a> (Vol. 1), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5362-3">978-0-8018-5362-3</a> (Vol. 2).</li> <li>Grimal, Pierre, <i>The Dictionary of Classical Mythology</i>, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20102-1">978-0-631-20102-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofclas0000grim/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>Hard, Robin, <i>The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology"</i>, Psychology Press, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415186360" title="Special:BookSources/9780415186360">9780415186360</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC">Google Books</a>.</li> <li>Held, George F., "Phoinix, Agamemnon And Achilleus: Parables and Paradeigmata" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Classical_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Classical Quarterly">The Classical Quarterly</a></i> 1987, <b>37</b> (2): 245–261. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009838800030470">doi:10.1017/S0009838800030470</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i>Iliad, Volume I: Books 1-12</i>, translated by A. T. Murray, revised by William F. Wyatt, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 170, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL170/1924/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99579-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99579-6">978-0-674-99579-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i>Iliad, Volume II: Books 13-24</i>, translated by A. T. Murray, revised by William F. Wyatt, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 171, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL171/1925/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99580-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99580-2">978-0-674-99580-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i>The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Lattimore" title="Richmond Lattimore">Lattimore, Richard</a>, <i>The Iliad of Homer</i>, translated with an introduction by Richard Lattimore, University of Chicago Press, 1951.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Liddell" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry George Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Robert Scott</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek-English_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="A Greek-English Lexicon">A Greek-English Lexicon</a></i>, revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie, <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a> Oxford, 1940. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=E61EDD48E4F1A22F839AA4DC149C0955?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.04.0057">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Lloyd-Jones, Hugh. "The Guilt of Agamemnon." <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>, Nov., 1962, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Nov., 1962), pp. 187–199. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/637867">637867</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycophron" title="Lycophron">Lycophron</a>, <i>Alexandra</i> (or <i>Cassandra</i>) in <i>Callimachus and Lycophron with an English translation by A. W. Mair; Aratus, with an English translation by G. R. Mair</i>, London: W. Heinemann, New York: G. P. Putnam 1921. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_W._Most" title="Glenn W. Most">Most, G.W.</a>, <i>Hesiod, Theogony, Works and Days, Testimonia,</i> Edited and translated by Glenn W. Most, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 57, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99720-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99720-2">978-0-674-99720-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL057/2018/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnus" title="Nonnus">Nonnus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dionysiaca" title="Dionysiaca">Dionysiaca</a>, Volume I: Books 1–15</i>, translated by <a href="/wiki/W._H._D._Rouse" title="W. H. D. Rouse">W. H. D. Rouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 344, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1940 (revised 1984). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99379-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99379-2">978-0-674-99379-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL344/1940/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/n7/mode/2up">Internet Archive (1940)</a>.</li> <li>Otis, Brooks, <i>Cosmos & Tragedy : An Essay on the Meaning of Aeschylus</i>, edited by Christian Kopff, the University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-1465-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-1465-2">0-8078-1465-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cosmostragedyess0000otis/page/n5/mode/2up?q=%22second+stasimon%22">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>Padel, Ruth, <i>Whom Gods Destroy, Elements of Greek and Tragic Madness</i>, Princeton University Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03360-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03360-9">0-691-03360-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whomgodsdestroye0000ruth/page/n3/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyassis" title="Panyassis">Panyassis</a>, in <i>Greek Epic Fragments: From the Seventh to the Fifth Centuries BC</i>, edited and translated by Martin L. West, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 497, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99605-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99605-2">978-0-674-99605-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL497/2003/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i>, edited and translated by Neil Hopkinson, <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 19, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99716-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99716-5">978-0-674-99716-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL019/2018/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Rose, Herbert Jennings, and B. 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Ate</a>, published online 22 December 2015, in the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.oxfordre.com/">Oxford Classical Dictionary</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Whitmarsh" title="Tim Whitmarsh">Tim Whitmarsh</a>, digital ed, New York, Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5">978-0-19-938113-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, London (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.04.0104">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li>Scott, William, C., <i>Musical Design In Aeschylean Theater</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_New_England" title="University Press of New England">University Press of New England</a>, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61168-181-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61168-181-9">978-1-61168-181-9</a>.</li> <li>Sommerstein, Alan H. (2009), <i>Aeschylus: Persians. Seven against Thebes. Suppliants. Prometheus Bound</i>, edited and translated by Alan H. Sommerstein. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 145, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99627-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99627-4">978-0-674-99627-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL145/2009/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Sommerstein, Alan H. (2013), "Ate in Aeschylus" in <i>Tragedy and Archaic Greek Thought</i>, D.L. Cairns ed., Swansea, Classical Press of Wales, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905-12557-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905-12557-9">978-1-905-12557-9</a>. pp. 1–15.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a>, <i>Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt,</i> edited by August Meineike (1790–1870), published 1849. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZiAAAAMAAJ">Google Books</a>.</li> <li>Tripp, Edward, <i>Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology</i>, Thomas Y. Crowell Co; First edition (June 1970). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/069022608X" title="Special:BookSources/069022608X">069022608X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tzetzes" title="John Tzetzes">Tzetzes, John</a>, <i>Scholia eis Lycophrona</i>, edited by Christian Gottfried Müller, Sumtibus F.C.G. Vogelii, 1811. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/isaakioukaiiann00mlgoog#page/n5/mode/2up">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M. L.</a> (1966), <i>Hesiod: Theogony</i>, Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-814169-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-814169-6">0-19-814169-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M. L.</a> (1978), <i>Hesiod: Works and Days</i>, <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a> Oxford, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-814005-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-814005-3">0-19-814005-3</a>.</li> <li>Yamagata, Naoko, "Disaster revisited: Ate and the Litai in Homer's <i>Iliad</i> ", in <i>Personification in the Greek World: From Antiquity to Byzantium</i>, edited by Emma Stafford and Judith Herrin, Ashgate, 2005. pp. 21–28. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5031-7">978-0-7546-5031-7</a>.</li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_deities198" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template talk:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_deities198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> deities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primal <br /> elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">The twelve <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Descendants of the Titans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(son_of_Crius)" title="Perses (son of Crius)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Olympian <br /> deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Olympian Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio" title="Clio">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euterpe" title="Euterpe">Euterpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erato" title="Erato">Erato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpomene" title="Melpomene">Melpomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhymnia" title="Polyhymnia">Polyhymnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore" title="Terpsichore">Terpsichore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Muse)" title="Thalia (Muse)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis" title="Apollonis">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borysthenis" title="Borysthenis">Borysthenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisso" title="Cephisso">Cephisso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotian</a> Muses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoede" title="Aoede">Aoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melete" title="Melete">Melete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mneme" title="Mneme">Mneme</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses of the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypate" title="Hypate">Hypate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_(mythology)" title="Mese (mythology)">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_(mythology)" title="Nete (mythology)">Nete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses at <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymatheia" title="Polymatheia">Polymatheia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> (Graces)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaia_(Grace)" title="Aglaia (Grace)">Aglaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne" title="Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Grace)" title="Thalia (Grace)">Thalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (Hours)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water <br /> deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sea deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthesikyme" title="Benthesikyme">Benthesikyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizo" title="Brizo">Brizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybia_(mythology)" title="Eurybia (mythology)">Eurybia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melicertes" title="Melicertes">Melicertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nesoi" title="Nesoi">Nesoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaste_(Oceanid)" title="Acaste (Oceanid)">Acaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admete_(Oceanid)" title="Admete (Oceanid)">Admete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Oceanid)" title="Asia (Oceanid)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhoe_(Oceanid)" title="Callirhoe (Oceanid)">Callirhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_(Greek_myth)" title="Ceto (Greek myth)">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene (consort of Helios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(wife_of_Iapetus)" title="Clymene (wife of Iapetus)">Clymene (wife of Iapetus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodone_(mythology)" title="Dodone (mythology)">Dodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_(Oceanid)" title="Doris (Oceanid)">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Oceanid)" title="Electra (Oceanid)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynome_(Oceanid)" title="Eurynome (Oceanid)">Eurynome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyia" title="Idyia">Idyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Apollo)" title="Melia (consort of Apollo)">Melia (consort of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Inachus)" title="Melia (consort of Inachus)">Melia (consort of Inachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perse_(mythology)" title="Perse (mythology)">Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(mythology)" title="Pleione (mythology)">Pleione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouto_(Oceanid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plouto (Oceanid)">Plouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesto_(mythology)" title="Telesto (mythology)">Telesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(Oceanid)" title="Theia (Oceanid)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuxo_(Oceanid)" title="Zeuxo (Oceanid)">Zeuxo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatheia_(mythology)" title="Amatheia (mythology)">Amatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphithoe_(mythology)" title="Amphithoe (mythology)">Amphithoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymatolege_(mythology)" title="Cymatolege (mythology)">Cymatolege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymo_(mythology)" title="Cymo (mythology)">Cymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamene" title="Dynamene">Dynamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protomedeia" title="Protomedeia">Protomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(mythology)" title="Sao (mythology)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spio" title="Spio">Spio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Nereid)" title="Thalia (Nereid)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/River_gods_(Greek_mythology)" title="River gods (Greek mythology)">River gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapus" title="Anapus">Anapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(god)" title="Asterion (god)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axius_(mythology)" title="Axius (mythology)">Axius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caanthus" title="Caanthus">Caanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebren" title="Cebren">Cebren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_(deity)" title="Enipeus (deity)">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladeos" title="Kladeos">Kladeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(mythology)" title="Meander (mythology)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_(mythology)" title="Nilus (mythology)">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numicus" title="Numicus">Numicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(river_god)" title="Phyllis (river god)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus" title="Peneus">Peneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simoeis" title="Simoeis">Simoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(mythology)" title="Strymon (mythology)">Strymon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achiroe" title="Achiroe">Achiroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anigrides" title="Anigrides">Anigrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyra_(mythology)" title="Argyra (mythology)">Argyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistonis" title="Bistonis">Bistonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbe" title="Bolbe">Bolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliadne" title="Caliadne">Caliadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassotis" title="Cassotis">Cassotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleocharia" title="Cleocharia">Cleocharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creusa_(Naiad)" title="Creusa (Naiad)">Creusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosera_(naiad)" title="Drosera (naiad)">Drosera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpina" title="Harpina">Harpina</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ionides" title="Ionides">Ionides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenis" title="Ismenis">Ismenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larunda" title="Larunda">Larunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriope_(nymph)" title="Liriope (nymph)">Liriope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melite_(naiad)" title="Melite (naiad)">Melite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metope_(mythology)" title="Metope (mythology)">Metope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(nymph)" title="Moria (nymph)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Greek_mythology)" title="Nana (Greek mythology)">Nana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea_(mythology)" title="Nicaea (mythology)">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orseis" title="Orseis">Orseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(daughter_of_Triton)" title="Pallas (daughter of Triton)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbe" title="Stilbe">Stilbe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thriae" title="Thriae">Thriae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corycia" title="Corycia">Corycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleodora_(nymph)" title="Cleodora (nymph)">Cleodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina" title="Melaina">Melaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiasa" title="Tiasa">Tiasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Personifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algos" class="mw-redirect" title="Algos">Algos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atë">Atë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_(daughter_of_Eris)" title="Lethe (daughter of Eris)">Lethe</a></li> <li>Logoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Neikea">Neikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponos" title="Ponos">Ponos</a></li> <li>Pseudea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geras" title="Geras">Geras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos" title="Atropos">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachesis" title="Lachesis">Lachesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros" title="Moros">Moros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oizys" title="Oizys">Oizys</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achlys" title="Achlys">Achlys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adephagia" title="Adephagia">Adephagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aergia" title="Aergia">Aergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidos" title="Aidos">Aidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastor" title="Alastor">Alastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amechania" title="Amechania">Amechania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaideia" title="Anaideia">Anaideia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apheleia" title="Apheleia">Apheleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)">Arete</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea" title="Astraea">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerus" title="Caerus">Caerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysus" title="Chrysus">Chrysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corus_(mythology)" title="Corus (mythology)">Corus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dikaiosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssebeia" title="Dyssebeia">Dyssebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiresione" title="Eiresione">Eiresione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekecheiria" title="Ekecheiria">Ekecheiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulabeia_(mythology)" title="Eulabeia (mythology)">Eulabeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_(mythology)" title="Eupraxia (mythology)">Eupraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersa" title="Ersa">Ersa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)">Hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelos_(mythology)" title="Gelos (mythology)">Gelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimarmene" title="Heimarmene">Heimarmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonoia_(mythology)" title="Homonoia (mythology)">Homonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horme" title="Horme">Horme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakia" title="Kakia">Kakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalemos" title="Koalemos">Koalemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Litae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyssa" title="Lyssa">Lyssa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maniae" title="Maniae">Maniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomos_(mythology)" title="Nomos (mythology)">Nomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitharchia" title="Peitharchia">Peitharchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penia" title="Penia">Penia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthus" title="Penthus">Penthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepromene" title="Pepromene">Pepromene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Pheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrike" title="Phrike">Phrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthonus" title="Phthonus">Phthonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poena" title="Poena">Poine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_(mythology)" title="Porus (mythology)">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxidice" title="Praxidice">Praxidice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophasis" title="Prophasis">Prophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter_(daimon)" title="Soter (daimon)">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(mythology)" title="Soteria (mythology)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasos" title="Thrasos">Thrasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a></li> <li>The Younger <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(deity)" title="Eupheme (deity)">Eupheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenia" title="Euthenia">Euthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne" title="Philophrosyne">Philophrosyne</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas" title="Boreas">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrape_and_Bronte" title="Astrape and Bronte">Astrape and Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(Pleiad)" title="Alcyone (Pleiad)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(Pleiad)" title="Sterope (Pleiad)">Sterope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Pleiad)" title="Merope (Pleiad)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritopatores" title="Tritopatores">Tritopatores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus" title="Eunostus">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomelus" title="Philomelus">Philomelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Rustic <br />deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(nymph)" title="Aetna (nymph)">Aetna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alseid" title="Alseid">Alseids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonis" title="Amphictyonis">Amphictyonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comus" title="Comus">Comus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">Dryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_(dryad)" title="Erato (dryad)">Erato</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hamadryad" title="Hamadryad">Hamadryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopeleia" title="Chrysopeleia">Chrysopeleia</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Epimelides" title="Epimelides">Epimelides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecaterus" title="Hecaterus">Hecaterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenades</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborean_maidens" title="Hyperborean maidens">Hyperborean maidens</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oread" title="Oread">Oreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapso" title="Rhapso">Rhapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telete" title="Telete">Telete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexiares_and_Anicetus" title="Alexiares and Anicetus">Alexiares and Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxesia_(Greek_mythology)" title="Auxesia (Greek mythology)">Auxesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestra_(mythology)" title="Palaestra (mythology)">Palaestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipolis_(god)" title="Sosipolis (god)">Sosipolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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