CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html class="js-disabled"><head><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=msCHzjBE" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis","20240923112231","https://web.archive.org/","web","https://web-static.archive.org/_static/", "1727090551"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=p7PEIJWi" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web-static.archive.org/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Median income (after tax) - Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries. Income here is measured after taxes and benefits."/><link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis"/><meta property="og:title" content="Median income (after tax)"/><meta property="og:description" content="This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries. Income here is measured after taxes and benefits."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis.png?imType=og"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Median income (after tax)"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries. Income here is measured after taxes and benefits."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis.png?imType=twitter"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/web/20240923112231jm_/https://ourworldindata.org/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&features=es2019,es2020,es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry,ResizeObserver,globalThis" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20240923112231cs_/https://ourworldindata.org/assets/owid.css"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="628"/><script>if (window != window.top) document.documentElement.classList.add('IsInIframe')</script><link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://api.ourworldindata.org/"/><link rel="preload" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/943098.data.json" as="fetch" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/943098.metadata.json" as="fetch" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/fonts/PlayfairDisplayLatin-SemiBold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><script> function setJSEnabled(enabled) { var elem = window.document.documentElement; if (enabled) { elem.classList.remove("js-disabled"); elem.classList.add("js-enabled"); } else { elem.classList.remove("js-enabled"); elem.classList.add("js-disabled"); } } if ("noModule" in HTMLScriptElement.prototype) { setJSEnabled(true); } else { setJSEnabled(false); } window.onerror = function (err, url) { var isOurSyntaxError = typeof err === "string" && err.indexOf("SyntaxError") > -1 && url.indexOf("https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org") > -1; if (isOurSyntaxError) { console.error("Caught global syntax error", err, url); setJSEnabled(false); } }</script><script>/* Prepare Google Tag Manager */ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("consent","default",{"ad_storage":"denied","analytics_storage":"denied","wait_for_update":1000}); </script><script>/* Load Google Tag Manager */ (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-N2D4V8S');</script></head><body class="DataPage"><header class="site-header"><div class="site-navigation-root"><div class="site-navigation"><div class="wrapper"><div class="site-navigation-bar"><div class="SiteNavigationToggle SiteNavigationToggle--mobile-menu hide-sm-up"><button aria-label="Toggle menu" class="SiteNavigationToggle__button"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="bars" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bars " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="site-logos"><div class="logo-owid"><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/">Our World<br/> in Data</a></div><div class="logos-wrapper"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/global-development" class="oxford-logo"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/oms-logo.avif"/><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/oms-logo.png" alt="Oxford Martin School logo" loading="lazy" width="275" height="139"/></picture></a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://global-change-data-lab.org/" class="gcdl-logo"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/gcdl-logo.webp"/><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/gcdl-logo.png" alt="Global Change Data Lab logo" loading="lazy" width="106" height="127"/></picture></a></div></div><nav class="site-primary-links hide-sm-only"><ul><li><div class="SiteNavigationToggle topics"><button aria-label="Toggle topics menu" class="SiteNavigationToggle__button"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="list-ul" class="svg-inline--fa fa-list-ul " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="margin-right:8px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 144a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96zM192 64c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32H480c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32H192zm0 160c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32H480c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32H192zm0 160c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32H480c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32H192zM64 464a48 48 0 1 0 0-96 48 48 0 1 0 0 96zm48-208a48 48 0 1 0 -96 0 48 48 0 1 0 96 0z"></path></svg>Browse by topic</button></div></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/latest">Latest</a></li><li class="with-relative-dropdown"><div class="SiteNavigationToggle"><button aria-label="Toggle resources menu" class="SiteNavigationToggle__button">Resources<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down SiteNavigationToggle__caret" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M137.4 374.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128c9.2-9.2 11.9-22.9 6.9-34.9s-16.6-19.8-29.6-19.8L32 192c-12.9 0-24.6 7.8-29.6 19.8s-2.2 25.7 6.9 34.9l128 128z"></path></svg></button></div></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/about">About</a></li></ul></nav><div class="site-search-cta"><div class="SiteSearchNavigation"><div id="autocomplete"></div></div><div class="SiteNavigationToggle newsletter-subscription"><button aria-label="Toggle subscribe menu" class="SiteNavigationToggle__button"><span class="hide-lg-down">Subscribe</span><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="envelope-open-text" class="svg-inline--fa fa-envelope-open-text hide-lg-up" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M215.4 96H144 107.8 96v8.8V144v40.4 89L.2 202.5c1.6-18.1 10.9-34.9 25.7-45.8L48 140.3V96c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h76.6l49.9-36.9C232.2 3.9 243.9 0 256 0s23.8 3.9 33.5 11L339.4 48H416c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48v44.3l22.1 16.4c14.8 10.9 24.1 27.7 25.7 45.8L416 273.4v-89V144 104.8 96H404.2 368 296.6 215.4zM0 448V242.1L217.6 403.3c11.1 8.2 24.6 12.7 38.4 12.7s27.3-4.4 38.4-12.7L512 242.1V448v0c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64v0zM176 160H336c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16H176c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16s7.2-16 16-16zm0 64H336c8.8 0 16 7.2 16 16s-7.2 16-16 16H176c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16s7.2-16 16-16z"></path></svg></button></div><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/donate" class="donate" data-track-note="header_navigation">Donate</a></div></div></div></div></div></header><main><script>window._OWID_DATAPAGEV2_PROPS = {"datapageData":{"status":"draft","title":{"title":"Median income (after tax)"},"descriptionShort":"Median income.","topicTagsLinks":["Poverty","Economic Inequality"],"attributions":["Luxembourg Income Study (2024)"],"faqs":[],"descriptionKey":["The data is measured in international-$ at 2017 prices – this adjusts for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries.","Income is ‘post-tax’ — measured after taxes have been paid and most government benefits have been received.","Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating."],"descriptionProcessing":"We create the Luxembourg Income Study data from standardized household survey microdata available in their [LISSY platform](https://www.lisdatacenter.org/data-access/lissy/). The estimations follow the methodology available in LIS, Key Figures and DART platform.\n\nWe obtain after tax income by using the disposable household income variable (`dhi`).\n\nWe estimate before tax income by calculating the sum of income from labor and capital (variable `hifactor`), cash transfers and in-kind goods and services from privates (`hiprivate`) and private pensions (`hi33`). We do this only for surveys where tax and contributions are fully captured, collected or imputed.\n\nWe obtain after tax income (cash) by using the disposable household cash income variable (`dhci`).\n\nWe convert income data from local currency into international-$ by dividing by the [LIS PPP factor](https://www.lisdatacenter.org/resources/ppp-deflators/), available as an additional database in the LISSY platform.\n\nWe top and bottom-code incomes by replacing negative values with zeros and setting boundaries for extreme values of log income: at the top Q3 plus 3 times the interquartile range (Q3-Q1), and at the bottom Q1 minus 3 times the interquartile range.\n\nWe equivalize incomes by dividing each household observation by the square root of the number of household members (nhhmem). Per capita estimates are calculated by dividing incomes by the number of household members.\n\n\nWe obtain Gini coefficients by using [Stata’s ineqdec0 function](https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s366007.html). We set weights as the product between the number of household members (nhhmem) and the normalized household weight (hwgt). We also calculate mean and median values from this function.","owidProcessingLevel":"major","dateRange":"1963-2022","lastUpdated":"2024-06-13","nextUpdate":"2024-10-23","allCharts":[{"slug":"median-and-mean-income-after-tax-lis","title":"Median and mean income (after tax)","variantName":"LIS","keyChartLevel":2}],"relatedResearch":[],"origins":[{"id":965,"titleSnapshot":"Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) - Key indicators","title":"Luxembourg Income Study (LIS)","description":"The Luxembourg Income Study Database (LIS) is the largest available income database of harmonized microdata collected from about 50 countries in Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australasia spanning five decades.\n\nHarmonized into a common framework, LIS datasets contain household- and person-level data on labor income, capital income, pensions, public social benefits (excl. pensions) and private transfers, as well as taxes and contributions, demography, employment, and expenditures.","producer":"Luxembourg Income Study","citationFull":"Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database, http://www.lisdatacenter.org (multiple countries; June 2024). Luxembourg: LIS.","attributionShort":"LIS","urlMain":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.lisdatacenter.org/our-data/lis-database/","dateAccessed":"2024-06-19","datePublished":"2024-06-07","license":{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.lisdatacenter.org/about-lis/terms-of-use/","name":"LIS Privacy Policy"}}],"chartConfig":{"id":7620,"map":{"time":"latest","colorScale":{"equalSizeBins":true,"baseColorScheme":"BuGn","binningStrategy":"manual","colorSchemeInvert":false,"legendDescription":"","customNumericColors":[null],"customNumericValues":[10000,20000,30000,40000,50000],"binningStrategyBinCount":4,"customNumericColorsActive":false},"columnSlug":"329","projection":"World","hideTimeline":false,"timeTolerance":3,"toleranceStrategy":"closest","tooltipUseCustomLabels":false},"tab":"chart","logo":"owid","note":"This data is measured in [international-$](#dod:int_dollar_abbreviation) at 2017 prices. Income has been [equivalized](#dod:equivalization).","slug":"median-income-after-tax-lis","type":"LineChart","title":"Median income (after tax)","xAxis":{"scaleType":"linear","facetDomain":"shared","canChangeScaleType":false,"removePointsOutsideDomain":false},"yAxis":{"min":0,"scaleType":"linear","facetDomain":"shared","canChangeScaleType":false,"removePointsOutsideDomain":false},"sortBy":"total","$schema":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.005.json","maxTime":"latest","minTime":"earliest","version":25,"hideLogo":false,"subtitle":"This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries. Income here is measured after taxes and benefits.","hasMapTab":true,"originUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality","sortOrder":"desc","stackMode":"absolute","colorScale":{"equalSizeBins":true,"binningStrategy":"ckmeans","colorSchemeInvert":false,"binningStrategyBinCount":5,"customNumericColorsActive":false},"dimensions":[{"display":{"name":"Median","unit":"international-$ in 2017 prices","tolerance":5},"property":"y","variableId":943098}],"entityType":"country or region","hideLegend":false,"hasChartTab":true,"isPublished":true,"variantName":"LIS","hideTimeline":false,"addCountryMode":"add-country","showNoDataArea":true,"showYearLabels":false,"zoomToSelection":false,"entityTypePlural":"countries and regions","hideFacetControl":true,"hideScatterLabels":false,"invertColorScheme":false,"hideRelativeToggle":false,"hideTotalValueLabel":false,"missingDataStrategy":"auto","selectedEntityNames":["Canada","Australia","United States","France","Germany","Sweden"],"compareEndPointsOnly":false,"matchingEntitiesOnly":false,"selectedFacetStrategy":"none","hideConnectedScatterLines":false,"scatterPointLabelStrategy":"year","facettingLabelByYVariables":"metric","hideAnnotationFieldsInTitle":{"time":false,"entity":true,"changeInPrefix":false}},"unit":"international-$ in 2017 prices","primaryTopic":{"topicTag":"Poverty","citation":"Joe Hasell, Max Roser, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Pablo Arriagada (2022) - “Poverty”"}},"faqEntries":{"faqs":[]},"canonicalUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis","tagToSlugMap":{"Poverty":"poverty","Economic Inequality":"economic-inequality"},"imageMetadata":{}}</script><div id="owid-datapageJson-root"><div class="DataPageContent__grapher-for-embed"><div class="GrapherWithFallback full-width-on-mobile"><figure data-grapher-src="true" class="grapherPreview GrapherWithFallback__fallback"><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://assets.ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/median-income-after-tax-lis.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></figure></div></div><div class="DataPageContent grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="bg-blue-10 span-cols-14"><div class="header__wrapper grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="header__left col-start-2 span-cols-8 col-sm-start-2 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="header__supertitle">Data</div><h1 class="header__title">Median income (after tax)</h1><div class="header__source"></div></div><div class="header__right col-start-10 span-cols-4 col-sm-start-2 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="topic-tags__label">See all data and research on:</div><div class="topic-tags"><a class="topic-tag" href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/poverty">Poverty</a><a class="topic-tag" href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality">Economic Inequality</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="sticky-nav sticky-nav--dark span-cols-14 grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><style> [id] { scroll-margin-top:70px; } .wp-sticky-container { top: 70px; }</style><ul class="sticky-nav-container span-cols-12 col-start-2"><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#explore-the-data">Explore the Data</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#research-and-writing">Research & Writing</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#all-charts">All Charts</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#faqs">FAQs</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#sources-and-processing">Sources & Processing</a></li><li><a tabindex="0" class="" href="#reuse-this-work">Reuse This Work</a></li></ul></nav><div class="span-cols-14 grid grid-cols-12-full-width full-width--border"><div class="chart-key-info col-start-2 span-cols-12"><div class="GrapherWithFallback full-width-on-mobile" id="explore-the-data"><figure data-grapher-src="true" class="grapherPreview GrapherWithFallback__fallback"><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://assets.ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/median-income-after-tax-lis.svg" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></figure></div><div class="wrapper-about-this-data grid grid-cols-12"><h2 id="about-this-data" class="key-info__title span-cols-12">What you should know about this indicator</h2><div class="col-start-1 span-cols-8 span-lg-cols-7 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="key-info__content"><div class="key-info__key-description"><ul><li>The data is measured in international-$ at 2017 prices – this adjusts for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries.</li><li>Income is ‘post-tax’ — measured after taxes have been paid and most government benefits have been received.</li><li>Income has been equivalized – adjusted to account for the fact that people in the same household can share costs like rent and heating.</li></ul></div><div class="key-info__expandable-descriptions"></div></div></div><div class="key-info__right span-cols-4 span-lg-cols-5 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="key-data-block grid grid-cols-4 grid-sm-cols-12"><div class="key-data span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="key-data-description-short__title">Median income (after tax)</div><div class="key-data-description-short__title-fragments"></div><div>Median income.</div></div><div class="key-data span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="key-data__title">Source</div><div>Luxembourg Income Study (2024) – <a href="#sources-and-processing">with major processing</a> by Our World in Data</div></div><div class="key-data span-cols-2 span-sm-cols-6"><div class="key-data__title">Last updated</div><div>June 13, 2024</div></div><div class="key-data span-cols-2 span-sm-cols-6"><div class="key-data__title">Next expected update</div><div>October 2024</div></div><div class="key-data span-cols-2 span-sm-cols-6"><div class="key-data__title">Date range</div><div>1963–2022</div></div><div class="key-data span-cols-2 span-sm-cols-6"><div class="key-data__title">Unit</div><div>international-$ in 2017 prices</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="col-start-2 span-cols-12"><div class="section-wrapper section-wrapper__related-charts"><h2 class="related-charts__title" id="all-charts">Explore charts that include this data</h2><div><div class="related-charts"><div class="grid grid-cols-12"><div class="related-charts__chart span-cols-7 span-md-cols-12"><figure class="grapherPreview" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-and-mean-income-after-tax-lis"><div class="js--hide-if-js-enabled"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-and-mean-income-after-tax-lis"><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://assets.ourworldindata.org/grapher/exports/median-and-mean-income-after-tax-lis.svg" alt="Median and mean income (after tax)" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></a></div></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MetadataSection span-cols-14 grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="col-start-2 span-cols-12"><div class="section-wrapper grid"><h2 class="data-sources-processing__title span-cols-2 span-lg-cols-3 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12" id="sources-and-processing">Sources and processing</h2><div class="data-sources grid span-cols-12"><h3 class="data-sources__heading span-cols-2 span-lg-cols-3 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12">This data is based on the following sources</h3><div class="col-start-4 span-cols-6 col-lg-start-5 span-lg-cols-7 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-sources indicator-sources--single"><div class="ExpandableToggle ExpandableToggle--teaser"><button class="ExpandableToggle__button"><h4 class="ExpandableToggle__title">Luxembourg Income Study – Luxembourg Income Study (LIS)</h4><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus ExpandableToggle__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32V224H48c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32H192V432c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32V288H400c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32H256V80z"></path></svg></button><div class="ExpandableToggle__content"><div class="source"><div class="description"><p>The Luxembourg Income Study Database (LIS) is the largest available income database of harmonized microdata collected from about 50 countries in Europe, North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australasia spanning five decades.</p> <p>Harmonized into a common framework, LIS datasets contain household- and person-level data on labor income, capital income, pensions, public social benefits (excl. pensions) and private transfers, as well as taxes and contributions, demography, employment, and expenditures.</p></div><div class="source-key-data-blocks"><div class="source-key-data"><div class="source-key-data__title">Retrieved on</div><div class="source-key-data__content">June 19, 2024</div></div><div class="source-key-data"><div class="source-key-data__title">Retrieved from</div><div class="source-key-data__content"><span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.lisdatacenter.org/our-data/lis-database/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://www.lisdatacenter.org/our-data/lis-database/</a></span></div></div><div class="source-key-data source-key-data-citation source-key-data--span-2"><div class="source-key-data__title">Citation</div><div class="source-key-data__content">This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in <a href="#reuse-this-work">Reuse This Work</a> below.<div class="wp-code-snippet wp-code-snippet--light"><pre class="wp-block-code"><code class="wp-code-snippet__code">Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/http://www.lisdatacenter.org/">http://www.lisdatacenter.org</a> (multiple countries; June 2024). Luxembourg: LIS.</code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="data-processing grid span-cols-12"><h3 class="data-processing__heading span-cols-2 span-lg-cols-3 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12">How we process data at Our World in Data</h3><div class="col-start-4 span-cols-6 col-lg-start-5 span-lg-cols-7 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-processing"><div class="data-processing"><p>All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.</p><p>At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.</p></div><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://docs.owid.io/projects/etl/" target="_blank" rel="nopener noreferrer" class="indicator-processing__link">Read about our data pipeline<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-down" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-down " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M169.4 470.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L224 370.8 224 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 306.7L54.6 265.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160z"></path></svg></a><div class="indicator-processing-callout"><h5 class="indicator-processing-callout__title">Notes on our processing step for this indicator</h5><div class="indicator-processing-callout__content"><p>We create the Luxembourg Income Study data from standardized household survey microdata available in their <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.lisdatacenter.org/data-access/lissy/">LISSY platform</a>. The estimations follow the methodology available in LIS, Key Figures and DART platform.</p> <p>We obtain after tax income by using the disposable household income variable (<code>dhi</code>).</p> <p>We estimate before tax income by calculating the sum of income from labor and capital (variable <code>hifactor</code>), cash transfers and in-kind goods and services from privates (<code>hiprivate</code>) and private pensions (<code>hi33</code>). We do this only for surveys where tax and contributions are fully captured, collected or imputed.</p> <p>We obtain after tax income (cash) by using the disposable household cash income variable (<code>dhci</code>).</p> <p>We convert income data from local currency into international-$ by dividing by the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.lisdatacenter.org/resources/ppp-deflators/">LIS PPP factor</a>, available as an additional database in the LISSY platform.</p> <p>We top and bottom-code incomes by replacing negative values with zeros and setting boundaries for extreme values of log income: at the top Q3 plus 3 times the interquartile range (Q3-Q1), and at the bottom Q1 minus 3 times the interquartile range.</p> <p>We equivalize incomes by dividing each household observation by the square root of the number of household members (nhhmem). Per capita estimates are calculated by dividing incomes by the number of household members.</p> <p>We obtain Gini coefficients by using <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s366007.html">Stata’s ineqdec0 function</a>. We set weights as the product between the number of household members (nhhmem) and the normalized household weight (hwgt). We also calculate mean and median values from this function.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="section-wrapper grid"><h2 class="reuse__title span-cols-2 span-lg-cols-3 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12" id="reuse-this-work">Reuse this work</h2><div class="col-start-4 span-cols-6 col-lg-start-5 span-lg-cols-7 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12"><ul class="reuse__content"><li class="reuse__list-item">All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.</li><li class="reuse__list-item">All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="reuse__link">Creative Commons BY license</a>. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.</li></ul></div><div class="citations grid span-cols-12"><h3 class="citations__heading span-cols-2 span-lg-cols-3 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12">Citations</h3><div class="col-start-4 span-cols-6 col-lg-start-5 span-lg-cols-7 col-md-start-2 span-md-cols-10 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="citations-section"><h5 class="citation__how-to-header">How to cite this page</h5><p class="citation__paragraph">To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:</p><div class="wp-code-snippet wp-code-snippet--light"><pre class="wp-block-code"><code class="wp-code-snippet__code">“Data Page: Median income (after tax)”, part of the following publication: Joe Hasell, Max Roser, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina and Pablo Arriagada (2022) - “Poverty”. Data adapted from Luxembourg Income Study. Retrieved from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis">https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis</a> [online resource]</code></pre></div></div><div class="citations-section"><h5 class="citation__how-to-header citation__how-to-header--data">How to cite this data</h5><div class="data-citation"><div class="data-citation__item"><p class="citation__paragraph"><span class="citation__type">In-line citation</span>If you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:</p><div class="wp-code-snippet wp-code-snippet--light"><pre class="wp-block-code"><code class="wp-code-snippet__code">Luxembourg Income Study (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data</code></pre></div></div><div class="data-citation__item"><p class="citation__paragraph"><span class="citation__type">Full citation</span></p><div class="wp-code-snippet wp-code-snippet--light"><pre class="wp-block-code"><code class="wp-code-snippet__code">Luxembourg Income Study (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Median income (after tax)” [dataset]. Luxembourg Income Study, “Luxembourg Income Study (LIS)” [original data]. Retrieved September 23, 2024 from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis">https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/median-income-after-tax-lis</a></code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><section class="donate-footer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="owid-row flex-align-center"><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-3 owid-padding-bottom--sm-3"><p>Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.</p><p>Help us do this work by making a donation.</p></div><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/donate" class="owid-button donate-button" data-track-note="donate_footer"><span class="label">Donate now</span><span class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="angle-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-angle-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z"></path></svg></span></a></div></div></div></section><footer class="site-footer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="owid-row"><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><ul><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/about" data-track-note="footer_navigation">About</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/about#contact" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Contact</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/feedback" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Feedback</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/jobs" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/funding" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Funding</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/faqs" data-track-note="footer_navigation">FAQs</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/donate" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Donate</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/privacy-policy" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Privacy policy</a></li></ul></div><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><ul><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/latest" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Latest work</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/data" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Data Catalog</a></li></ul><ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://twitter.com/OurWorldInData" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Twitter</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.facebook.com/OurWorldinData" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Facebook</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.instagram.com/ourworldindata/" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Instagram</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.threads.net/@ourworldindata" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Threads</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://github.com/owid" data-track-note="footer_navigation">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/atom.xml" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Research & Writing RSS Feed</a></li><li><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/atom-data-insights.xml" data-track-note="footer_navigation">Daily Data Insights RSS Feed</a></li></ul></div><div class="owid-col owid-col--lg-1"><div class="logos"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/global-development" class="partner-logo" data-track-note="footer_navigation"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/oms-logo.avif"/><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/oms-logo.png" alt="Oxford Martin School logo" loading="lazy" width="275" height="139"/></picture></a><a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/owid-at-ycombinator" class="partner-logo" data-track-note="footer_navigation"><picture><source type="image/avif" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/yc-logo.avif"/><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/yc-logo.png" alt="Y Combinator logo" loading="lazy" width="490" height="138"/></picture></a></div></div><div class="owid-col flex-2"><div class="legal"><p>Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Creative Commons BY license</a>. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://github.com/owid/owid-grapher/blob/master/LICENSE.md " target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MIT license</a>. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors.</p><p>Please consult our full <a href="/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/about#legal">legal disclaimer</a>.</p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://global-change-data-lab.org/" class="partner-logo gcdl-logo" data-track-note="footer_navigation"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/gcdl-logo.webp"/><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231im_/https://ourworldindata.org/gcdl-logo.png" alt="Global Change Data Lab logo" loading="lazy" width="106" height="127"/></picture></a>Our World In Data is a project of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://global-change-data-lab.org/">Global Change Data Lab</a>, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433).</p></div></div></div></div><div class="site-tools"></div><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&features=es2019,es2020,es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry,ResizeObserver,globalThis"></script><script type="module" src="/web/20240923112231jm_/https://ourworldindata.org/assets/owid.mjs" data-attach-owid-error-handler="true"></script><script> document.querySelectorAll("script[data-attach-owid-error-handler]").forEach(script => { script.onerror = () => { console.log(new Error("Failed to load script: ", script.src)); document.documentElement.classList.add("js-disabled"); document.documentElement.classList.remove("js-enabled"); } })</script><script type="module">window.runSiteFooterScripts({"context":"dataPageV2","isPreviewing":false})</script></footer><script>window._OWID_GRAPHER_CONFIG = //EMBEDDED_JSON { "map": { "colorScale": { "baseColorScheme": "BuGn", "binningStrategy": "manual", "legendDescription": "", "customNumericColors": [ null ], "customNumericValues": [ 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000 ], "binningStrategyBinCount": 4 }, "columnSlug": "329", "timeTolerance": 3 }, "note": "This data is measured in [international-$](#dod:int_dollar_abbreviation) at 2017 prices. Income has been [equivalized](#dod:equivalization).", "title": "Median income (after tax)", "yAxis": { "min": 0 }, "subtitle": "This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries. Income here is measured after taxes and benefits.", "hasMapTab": true, "originUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/economic-inequality", "dimensions": [ { "display": { "name": "Median", "unit": "international-$ in 2017 prices", "tolerance": 5 }, "property": "y", "variableId": 943098 } ], "variantName": "LIS", "hideRelativeToggle": false, "selectedEntityNames": [ "Canada", "Australia", "United States", "France", "Germany", "Sweden" ], "hideAnnotationFieldsInTitle": { "entity": true }, "id": 7620, "slug": "median-income-after-tax-lis", "version": 25, "isPublished": true, "bakedGrapherURL": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher", "adminBaseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://admin.owid.io", "dataApiUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/", "$schema": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231/https://files.ourworldindata.org/schemas/grapher-schema.005.json" } //EMBEDDED_JSON </script><script defer src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923112231js_/https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon="{"token": "4d1cbc1f1882457ca174f8344c4be6bc"}"></script></body></html>