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href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Llengua+washo" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Llengua+washo" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Llengua+washo" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Llengua+washo" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Història_de_la_llengua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història_de_la_llengua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Història de la llengua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història_de_la_llengua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialectologia_i_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialectologia_i_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dialectologia i variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialectologia_i_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificació" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificació"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classificació</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificació-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descripció_lingüística" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripció_lingüística"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Descripció lingüística</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descripció_lingüística-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Descripció lingüística</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descripció_lingüística-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramàtica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramàtica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gramàtica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gramàtica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Llengua washo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 22 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88" title="لغة واشو - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة واشو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88" title="لغه واشو - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه واشو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_washo" title="Idioma washo - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma washo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wachoeg" title="Wachoeg - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wachoeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE_(%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5)" title="Уашо (чĕлхе) - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уашо (чĕлхе)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washoe_(Sprache)" title="Washoe (Sprache) - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Washoe (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washo_language" title="Washo language - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Washo language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_washo" title="Idioma washo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma washo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Va%C5%A1o_keel" title="Vašo keel - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vašo keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waxo_hizkuntza" title="Waxo hizkuntza - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Waxo hizkuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washo" title="Washo - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Washo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washo" title="Washo - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Washo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washo_bhasa" title="Washo bhasa - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Washo bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washoan" title="Washoan - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Washoan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E8%AA%9E" title="ワショ語 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ワショ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washo_(taal)" title="Washo (taal) - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Washo (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_washo" title="Lenga washo - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga washo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_washo" title="Língua washo - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua washo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Вашо (язык) - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вашо (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washoan" title="Washoan - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Washoan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_Vasho" title="Gjuha Vasho - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha Vasho" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Вашојски језик - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вашојски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34198#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_washo" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Llengua_washo" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" 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id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_washo"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_washo"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Llengua_washo" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Llengua_washo" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&oldid=34085144" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Llengua_washo&id=34085144&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLlengua_washo"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLlengua_washo"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Llengua+washo"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Llengua_washo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Washo_language" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34198" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de llengua"><img alt="Infotaula de llengua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Llengua washo</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin;font-size:110%;">wá:šiw ʔítlu</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idioma" title="Idioma">llengua</a> i <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1288568" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1288568">llengua viva</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Ús</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants</th><td class="infobox-data">241 (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-Cens_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 20 (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-Golla_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlants nadius</th><td class="infobox-data">20 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (2011 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlat a</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q484340" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q484340">comtat de Washoe</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P131" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Autòcton de</th><td class="infobox-data">Frontera Califòrnia-Nevada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Estat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Estats Units d'Amèrica">Estats Units d'Amèrica</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P17" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Washo_lang.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Washo_lang.png/273px-Washo_lang.png" decoding="async" width="273" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Washo_lang.png/409px-Washo_lang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Washo_lang.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="594" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="font-size:90%;"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Classificació lingüística</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_a%C3%AFllada" title="Llengua aïllada">Llengua aïllada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hoka" title="Hoka">hoka</a>?)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Característiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Escriptura" title="Escriptura">Sistema d'escriptura</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet llatí">alfabet llatí</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P282" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Nivell de vulnerabilitat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20672089" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20672089">4 en perill sever</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P1999" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin;">Codis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-2</th><td class="infobox-data">was <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P219" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">ISO 639-3</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=was">was</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P220" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wash1253">wash1253</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/was">was</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P1627" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">UNESCO</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-848.html">848</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P2355" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">was <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Endangered languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1149">1149</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34198?uselang=ca#P2192" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Washo_lang.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Washo_lang.png/220px-Washo_lang.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Washo_lang.png/330px-Washo_lang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Washo_lang.png/440px-Washo_lang.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Zona on es parlava washo</figcaption></figure> <p>El <b>washo</b> (també <b>washoe</b> [<span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ˈwaʃo</span>],<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> endònim <i>wá:šiw ʔítlu</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> és una <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amer%C3%ADndies" title="Llengües ameríndies">llengua indígena americana</a> <a href="/wiki/Llengua_amena%C3%A7ada" title="Llengua amenaçada">amenaçada</a>, que es classifica usualment com una <a href="/wiki/Llengua_a%C3%AFllada" title="Llengua aïllada">llengua aïllada</a> encara que s'ha especulat amb un parentiu remot amb les llengües <a href="/wiki/Hoka" title="Hoka">hoka</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspectes_històrics,_socials_i_culturals"><span id="Aspectes_hist.C3.B2rics.2C_socials_i_culturals"></span>Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Aspectes històrics, socials i culturals"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Història_de_la_llengua"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria_de_la_llengua"></span>Història de la llengua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Història de la llengua"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En l'actualitat encara es parla per alguns membres de l'<a href="/wiki/Washo" title="Washo">ètnia washo</a> que viuen a la frontera entre <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Califòrnia">Califòrnia</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> en els drenatges dels rius <a href="/wiki/Riu_Truckee" title="Riu Truckee">Truckee</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riu_Carson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riu Carson (encara no existeix)">Carson</a>, prop del <a href="/wiki/Llac_Tahoe" title="Llac Tahoe">llac Tahoe</a>, la llengua està amenaçada perquè té un perill imminent de convertir-se en una <a href="/wiki/Llengua_morta" title="Llengua morta">llengua morta</a>. Les estimacions del nombre de parlants van des de 10 parlants fluents fins a 252 persones amb algun coneixement, d'acord amb el cens nord-americà de 2000, d'elles 203 a Nevada i 38 a Califòrnia.<sup id="cite_ref-Cens_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hi ha dos programes destinats a estimular el seu ús i augmentar el nombre de parlants. A la fi del segle XX hi havia 64 individus d'entre 5 i 17 anys amb coneixements raonables de la llengua, 4 d'ells tenien un coneixement limitat de l'anglès per no ser la seva <a href="/wiki/Llengua_materna" title="Llengua materna">llengua materna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cens_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cens-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etnogràficament, els parlants de washo pertanyien a l'àrea cultural de la Gran Conca, mentre que la resta de grups ètnics d'aquesta àrea del grup de <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_numic" title="Llengües numic">llengües numic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'altra banda l'idioma washo mostra contactes històrics amb la família <a href="/wiki/Uto-asteca" title="Uto-asteca">uto-asteca</a> (numic), <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_maidu" title="Llengües maidu">maidu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_utianes" title="Llengües utianes">miwok</a> aquestes últimes connectades tant amb l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80rea_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Àrea lingüística">àrea lingüística</a> de la Gran Conca i de Califòrnia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialectologia_i_variants">Dialectologia i variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Dialectologia i variants"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'idioma washo mostra poca variació geogràfica. Jacobsen (1986:108) va escriure, «quan hi ha dues variants d'una característica, generalment una es troba en una àrea més septentrional i l'altra en una àrea més meridional, encara que les línies que separen ambdues àrees per a diferents característiques no sempre coincideixen», és a dir, existeix un feix dispers d'<a href="/wiki/Isoglossa" title="Isoglossa">issoglosses</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificació"><span id="Classificaci.C3.B3"></span>Classificació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Classificació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El washo clarament no està emparentat amb les llengües de la seva àrea cultural, les tres llengües veïnes són el <a href="/wiki/Paiute_del_nord" title="Paiute del nord">paiute del nord</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_numic" title="Llengües numic">numic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uto-asteca" title="Uto-asteca">uto-asteca</a>), el <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_maidu" title="Llengües maidu">maidu</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_miwok" title="Llengües miwok">miwok</a> (pròpiament dits), que clarament són de famílies diferents. Tampoc s'han trobat parentius clars amb cap altra llengua, encara que alguns autors apunten a un possible i remot parentiu amb les llengües <a href="/wiki/Hoka" title="Hoka">hoka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J. P. Harrington ha trobat algunes coincidències amb les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_chumash" title="Llengües chumash">llengües chumash</a>, que alguns autors connecten amb les llengües hoka. Més recentment <a href="/wiki/Terrence_Kaufman" title="Terrence Kaufman">Terrence Kaufman</a> va reconsiderar la hipòtesi hoka i va considerar probable que el washo estigui connectat amb les llengües hoka, encara que va considerar dubtosa la pertinença del chumash al hoka.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A causa de l'absència d'evidències clares altres autors com Mithun (1999) posen en qüestió la validesa del hoka, i consideren que el washo és una <a href="/wiki/Llengua_a%C3%AFllada" title="Llengua aïllada">llengua aïllada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripció_lingüística"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3_ling.C3.BC.C3.ADstica"></span>Descripció lingüística</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Descripció lingüística"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologia">Fonologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Fonologia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El washo té una <a href="/wiki/Harmonia_voc%C3%A0lica" title="Harmonia vocàlica">harmonia vocàlica</a> regressiva o <a href="/wiki/Umlaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Umlaut">umlaut</a>. És interessant notar que els mecanismes d'aquesta sinharmonia difereixen en les varietats septentrionals i meridionals. </p><p>L'inventari consonàntic del washo ve donat per:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal">Palatal</a> o<br /><a href="/wiki/Consonant_postalveolar" title="Consonant postalveolar">post-alv.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glotal" class="mw-redirect" title="Glotal">Glotal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Oclusiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Oclusiva">Oclusiva</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glotalitzaci%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glotalització (encara no existeix)">glotalitzada</a></span> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">pʼ</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">tʼ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">kʼ</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ʔ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Consonant_sorda" title="Consonant sorda">sorda</a></span> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">p</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">t</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">k</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Consonant_sonora" title="Consonant sonora">sonora</a></span> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">d</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">d</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">g</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricativa">Fricativa</a> </th> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">s</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">š</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">h</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal">Nasal</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Consonant_sonora" title="Consonant sonora">sonora</a></span> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">m</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">n</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ŋ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Consonant_sorda" title="Consonant sorda">sorda</a></span> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">m̥</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">n̥</span> </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ŋ̥</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sonorant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonorant">Sonorant</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonante_sonora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consonante sonora (encara no existeix)">sonora</a></span> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">w</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɾ</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">y</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Consonant_sorda" title="Consonant sorda">sorda</a></span> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">w̥</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɾ̥</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">y̥</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L'inventari vocàlic ve donat per: </p> <table class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_anterior" title="Vocal anterior">Anterior</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_central" title="Vocal central">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_posterior" title="Vocal posterior">Posterior</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">curta</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">llarga</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">curta</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">llarga</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">curta</span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">llarga</span> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vocal_tancada" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal tancada">Tancada</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">i</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">iː</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɨː</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">ɨː</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">u</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">uː</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vocal_oberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal oberta">Oberta</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">e</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">eː</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">a</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">aː</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">o</span> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span title="Representació en l'Alfabet Fonètic Internacional (AFI)" class="IPA">oː</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gramàtica"><span id="Gram.C3.A0tica"></span>Gramàtica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Gramàtica"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El washo usa la <a href="/wiki/Reduplicaci%C3%B3_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reduplicació (lingüística)">reduplicació</a> com a procediment morfològic en verbs icònics per indicar <a href="/wiki/Aspecte_gramatical" title="Aspecte gramatical">aspecte gramatical</a> reiteratiu o plural. </p><p>L'ordre bàsic és <a href="/wiki/Llengua_SOV" title="Llengua SOV">SOV</a>. El washo usa tant <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixs</a> com <a href="/wiki/Sufix" title="Sufix">sufixs</a> en el nom i en el verb. La conjugació verbal inclou un gran nombre d'afixos pel <a href="/wiki/Temps_gramatical" title="Temps gramatical">temps gramatical</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cens-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cens_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cens_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cens_1-2">1,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&mode=lang_tops&SRVY_YEAR=2000&lang_id=899">Cens dels EUA, 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golla-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Golla_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Victor Golla (2011) <i>California Indian Languages</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurie Bauer, 2007, <i>The Linguistics Student’s Handbook</i>, Edinburgh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washo.uchicago.edu/dictionary/results.php?AttestationID=4312&SearchBy=SearchGloss&SearchKey=washo">The Washo Project: wá:šiw ʔítlu</a>». <i>The Washo Project</i>.  University of Chicago. [Consulta: 9 setembre 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">d'Azevedo 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobsen 1986, por ejemplo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaufman 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobsen, 1958, p. 196</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bright" title="William Bright">Bright, William O.</a> “North American Indian Languages.” Encyclopædia Britannica 2007: 762-767.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_Campbell" title="Lyle Campbell">Campbell, Lyle</a>. (1997). <i>American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America</i>. Nova York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-19-509427-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-19-509427-1">ISBN 0-19-509427-1</a>.</li> <li>d'Azevedo, Warren L. (1986). "Washoe" in <i>Great Basin</i>, Warren L. d'Azevedo, ed. pp. 466–498. Volume 11 in Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-16-004578-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-16-004578-9">ISBN 0-16-004578-9</a>/0160045754.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ives_Goddard" title="Ives Goddard">Goddard, Ives</a> (Ed.). (1996). <i>Languages</i>. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-16-048774-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-16-048774-9">ISBN 0-16-048774-9</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg" title="Joseph Greenberg">Greenberg, Joseph H.</a> Language in the Americas (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987).</li> <li>Jacobsen, William. A Grammar of the Washo Language. Diss. University of California, Berkeley, 1964. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1964. Print.</li> <li>Jacobsen, William H. (1986). "Washoe Language" in <i>Great Basin</i>, Warren L. d'Azevedo, ed. pp. 107–112. Volume 11 in Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-16-004578-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-16-004578-9">ISBN 0-16-004578-9</a>/0160045754.</li> <li>Jacobsen, William H. 1996. <i>Beginning Washo</i>. Occasional Papers 5: Nevada State Museum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Kaufman" title="Terrence Kaufman">Kaufman, Terrence</a>. 1988. "A Research Program for Reconstructing Proto-Hokan: First Gropings." In Scott DeLancey, ed. <i>Papers from the 1988 Hokan–Penutian Languages Workshop</i>, pp. 50–168. Eugene, Oregon: Department of Linguistics, University of Oregon. (University of Oregon Papers in Linguistics. Publications of the Center for Amerindian Linguistics and Ethnography 1.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Mithun" title="Marianne Mithun">Mithun, Marianne</a>. (1999). <i>The languages of Native North America</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-521-23228-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-521-23228-7">ISBN 0-521-23228-7</a> (hbk); <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-521-29875-X" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-521-29875-X">ISBN 0-521-29875-X</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washo.uchicago.edu">The Washo Project</a>. The University of Chicago, 2008. Web. 4 May 2011</li> <li>Yu, Alan C. L. “Quantity, stress and reduplication in Washo.” Phonology 22.03 (2006): 437.</li> <li>Dangberg, Grace. 1927. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucp022-004.pdf">Washo texts</a>. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 22:391-443.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_L._Kroeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred L. Kroeber">Kroeber, Alfred L.</a> 1907. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucp004-006.pdf">The Washo language of east central California and Nevada</a>. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 4:251-317.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Llengua_washo&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Prova <b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/was" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/was">Wikipedia en llengua washo</a></b> a <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" title="Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://washo.uchicago.edu">University of Chicago Washo Revitalization Project</a></li> <li>Ethnologue: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=was">Washo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/languages/washo.php">Washo</a> al <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_California_and_Other_Indian_Languages" title="Survey of California and Other Indian Languages">Survey of California and Other Indian Languages</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_Llengües_de_Califòrnia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Lleng%C3%BCes_de_Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Plantilla:Llengües de Califòrnia"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Llengües_de_Califòrnia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Flag_of_California.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/20px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/30px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/40px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Llengües de <a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rnia" title="Califòrnia">Califòrnia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Itàliques_indica_Llengua_extingida"><i>Itàliques</i> indica <a href="/wiki/Llengua_extingida" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengua extingida">Llengua extingida</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_%C3%A0lgiques" title="Llengües àlgiques">Algiques</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wiyot" title="Wiyot">Wiyot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurok" title="Yurok">Yurok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_atapascanes_de_la_costa_del_Pac%C3%ADfic" title="Llengües atapascanes de la costa del Pacífic">Atapascanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolowa" title="Tolowa">Tolowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hupa" title="Hupa">Hupa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mattole" title="Mattole">Mattole</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kato" title="Kato">Kato</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wailaki" title="Wailaki">Wailaki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_chumash" title="Llengües chumash">Chumash</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Obispe%C3%B1o" title="Obispeño">Obispeño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cruze%C3%B1o" title="Cruzeño">Cruzeño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purisime%C3%B1o" title="Purisimeño">Purisimeño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inese%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Ineseño">Ineseño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barbare%C3%B1o" title="Barbareño">Barbareño</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venture%C3%B1o" title="Ventureño">Ventureño</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_ohlone" title="Llengües ohlone">Ohlone</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karkin" title="Karkin">Karkin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochenyo" title="Chochenyo">Chochenyo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramaytush" title="Ramaytush">Ramaytush</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamyen" title="Tamyen">Tamyen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Awaswas" title="Awaswas">Awaswas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutsun" title="Mutsun">Mutsun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumsen" title="Rumsen">Rumsen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chalon_(llengua)" title="Chalon (llengua)">Chalon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hoka" title="Hoka">Hoka</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimariko" title="Chimariko">Chimariko</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuk" title="Karuk">Karuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_palaihnihanes" title="Llengües palaihnihanes">Palaihnihanes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achumawi" title="Achumawi">Achumawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atsugewi" title="Atsugewi">Atsugewi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_pomo" title="Llengües pomo">Pomo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_del_nord-est" title="Pomo del nord-est">Pomo del nord-est</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pomo_de_l%27est" title="Pomo de l'est">Pomo de l'est</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_del_sud-est" title="Pomo del sud-est">Pomo del sud-est</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pomo_del_nord" title="Pomo del nord">Pomo del nord</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_central" title="Pomo central">Pomo central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_del_sud" title="Pomo del sud">Pomo del sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashaya" title="Kashaya">Kashaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Washo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_mohave" title="Llengua mohave">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiipai" title="Tiipai">Tiipai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipai" title="Ipai">Ipai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Llengua_yana" title="Llengua yana">Yana</a></i></li> <li><i>Yahi</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penuti%C3%A0" title="Penutià">Penutianes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llengua_klamath" title="Llengua klamath">Klamath-modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokut" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokut">Yokut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintu" title="Wintu">Wintu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_miwok" title="Llengües miwok">Miwok</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Miwok_de_la_badia" title="Miwok de la badia">Bay Miwok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miwok_de_la_costa" title="Miwok de la costa">Coast Miwok</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_del_llac" title="Miwok del llac">Lake Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_de_la_planura" title="Miwok de la planura">Plains Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_de_la_sierra_central" title="Miwok de la sierra central">Central Sierra Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_de_la_sierra_del_sud" title="Miwok de la sierra del sud">Southern Sierra Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_de_la_sierra_del_nord" title="Miwok de la sierra del nord">Northern Sierra Miwok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_maidu" title="Llengües maidu">Maidu</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chico_(llengua)" title="Chico (llengua)">Chico</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maidu" title="Maidu">Maidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkow" title="Konkow">Konkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisenan" title="Nisenan">Nisenan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_shasta" title="Llengües shasta">Shasta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Konomihu" title="Konomihu">Konomihu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shasta_New_River" title="Shasta New River">Shasta New River</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Okwanuchu" title="Okwanuchu">Okwanuchu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(llengua)" title="Shasta (llengua)">Shasta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uto-asteca" title="Uto-asteca">Uto-asteca</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla_(llengua)" title="Cahuilla (llengua)">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaiisu" title="Kawaiisu">Kawaiisu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk" title="Kitanemuk">Kitanemuk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño-Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(llengua)" title="Mono (llengua)">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiute_del_nord" title="Paiute del nord">Paiute del nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timbisha" title="Timbisha">Timbisha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serrano_(llengua)" title="Serrano (llengua)">Serrano</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoixon" title="Xoixon">Xoixon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tataviam" title="Tataviam">Tataviam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva_(llengua)" title="Tongva (llengua)">Tongva</a></li> <li>Ute/<a href="/wiki/Paiute_del_sud" title="Paiute del sud">paiute del sud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_wintun" title="Llengües wintun">Wintuan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomlaki" title="Nomlaki">Nomlaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patwin" title="Patwin">Patwin</a></i></li> <li><i>Patwin del sud</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wintu" title="Wintu">Wintu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_yokuts" title="Llengües yokuts">Yokuts</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yokuts_Buena_Vista" title="Yokuts Buena Vista">Yokuts Buena Vista</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Chukchansi" title="Chukchansi">Chukchansi</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gashowu" title="Gashowu">Gashowu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yokuts_Kings_River" title="Yokuts Kings River">Yokuts Kings River</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Palewyami" title="Palewyami">Palewyami</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tule-Kaweah" title="Tule-Kaweah">Tule-Kaweah</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Yokuts_de_la_vall" title="Yokuts de la vall">Yokuts de la vall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_yuki-wappo" title="Llengües yuki-wappo">Yuki-wappo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuki" title="Yuki">Yuki</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Wappo" title="Wappo">Wappo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_a%C3%AFllades" class="mw-redirect" title="Llengües aïllades">Llengües aïllades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Esselen" title="Esselen">Esselen</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chimariko" title="Chimariko">Chimariko</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Karuk" title="Karuk">Karuk</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Salinan" title="Salinan">Salinan</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Takelma" title="Takelma">Takelma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesoam%C3%A8rica" title="Mesoamèrica">Mesoamericanes</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" 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