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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology and origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Social history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Appearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regional variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wearing_the_poffer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wearing_the_poffer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Wearing the poffer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wearing_the_poffer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Occasion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occasion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occasion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mourning_poffer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mourning_poffer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mourning poffer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mourning_poffer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poffer_makers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poffer_makers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Poffer makers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poffer_makers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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href="/wiki/File:Reek,_coiffe_braban%C3%A7onne_%C3%A0_la_dentelle_(BHIC).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Reek%2C_coiffe_braban%C3%A7onne_%C3%A0_la_dentelle_%28BHIC%29.JPG/250px-Reek%2C_coiffe_braban%C3%A7onne_%C3%A0_la_dentelle_%28BHIC%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Reek%2C_coiffe_braban%C3%A7onne_%C3%A0_la_dentelle_%28BHIC%29.JPG/330px-Reek%2C_coiffe_braban%C3%A7onne_%C3%A0_la_dentelle_%28BHIC%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Reek%2C_coiffe_braban%C3%A7onne_%C3%A0_la_dentelle_%28BHIC%29.JPG/400px-Reek%2C_coiffe_braban%C3%A7onne_%C3%A0_la_dentelle_%28BHIC%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Woman wearing a poffer</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>poffer</b>, <b>toer</b> (Limburg dialect) or <b>North Brabantian hat</b> is a traditional female folk headdress of <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a>, most famous of the <a href="/wiki/Meierij_van_%27s-Hertogenbosch" title="Meierij van 's-Hertogenbosch">Meierij of 's-Hertogenbosch</a> and of northern <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. The poffer was worn only by married women. It was fashionable between the 1860s and the 1920s. In contrast to <a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a> and the more northern parts of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, in North Brabant and Limburg there was never any distinctive folkloric costume worn by either men or women, making the poffer the only folkloric garment in this part of the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_origin">Etymology and origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>poffer</i> is derived from <i>poffen</i>, the puffing of sleeves and trousers worn in the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Vught_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vught-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poffer evolved from a simple headdress, the <i>paske</i> (a strip of fabric decorated with narrow, pleated fabric) which was worn on a white hat. In <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a> the poffer is called a <i>toer</i>. <i>Toer</i> is a term derived from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> word, <i>touronette</i>. <i>Touronette</i> is akin to <i>feminine finery</i> but was originally a braid with ribbons and flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-Deurne_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deurne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poffer is not to be confused with the <i>poffer-pan</i>, used to make <i><a href="/wiki/Poffertjes" title="Poffertjes">poffertjes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_history">Social history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Social history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 1900, the Brabant area was not prosperous due to poor sandy soil. With the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> around 1860, the region's economy improved. This new wealth was reflected by an increase in the size of the poffer, which was at its largest size between about 1915 and 1920. </p><p>The poffer was worn by those who could afford one: the wives of middle-class men, richer farmers, officials and professionals, such as a mayor or doctor.<sup id="cite_ref-Deurne_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deurne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size and elegance of a woman's poffer reflected her husband's wealth. Men aspired to see their wives noticed in an elaborate poffer. Sometimes, the poffer was mockingly called a "<a href="/wiki/Meringue" title="Meringue">meringue</a>". </p><p>In the first half of the 20th century, the poffer fell out of favour, largely because of its impracticality, especially when riding a bicycle. There was also a lack of fabric in the area during the second world war period. The wearing of the poffer continued until the 1950s but only on special occasions such as <a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">weddings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holidays</a> and attending church during which it was replaced by more modern style hats.<sup id="cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The poffer was a white <a href="/wiki/Tulle_netting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulle netting">tulle</a> hat with a <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a> trim. It was decorated with <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearls</a> and white, gold, silver or glass <a href="/wiki/Bead" title="Bead">beads</a> called <i>dew drops</i>. It was also adorned with <a href="/wiki/Artificial_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial flower">artificial flowers</a> (or artificial fruit in case of older women) and four ribbons (<i>lavaliers</i>) of about 12 cm wide and 60 cm long which hung over the shoulders and the back. The breadth and quality of the ribbons indicated the wealth of the wearer.<sup id="cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The details of the poffer varied from one area to another.<sup id="cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poffer was decorated with artificial flowers or fruits in pastel shades or brighter colors depending on the town's tradition. One could recognize the hometown of the wearer by its appearance and the age of the wearer by the decoration on the poffer. Flowers were for brides and younger married women. Older women decorated their poffer with silk apples, pears and buds.<sup id="cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_variations">Regional variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regional variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The poffer varied regionally in size, shape, colour and decoration. Women preferred the type of poffer from their home town. Even if a woman lived in another village afters married, she usually would still order her poffer from the poffer maker in her home village or town.<sup id="cite_ref-Deurne_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deurne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poffer had many different local names including: <i>klein mutsje</i> (little hat); <i>koveltje</i> (from little <a href="/wiki/Cowl" title="Cowl">cowl</a> or dormeuse); <i>kempische muts</i> (<a href="/wiki/Campine" title="Campine">Campinian</a> hat); <i>kindermuts</i> (children's hat); <i>cornetmuts</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Cornette" title="Cornette">cornette</a> hat); <i>Eindhovense mutsje</i> (<a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhovenian</a> hat); <i>drie-toerkes muts</i> (three-touronettes hat); and, <i>daagse muts</i> (daily hat). </p><p>The type of head garment was found in <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mook_en_Middelaar" title="Mook en Middelaar">Mook</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roermond" title="Roermond">Roermond</a> and across the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> border to just past <a href="/wiki/Xanten" title="Xanten">Xanten</a>. To the north, poffers were worn in southern <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a>, for example, in <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bommelerwaard" title="Bommelerwaard">Bommelerwaard</a>. </p><p>The biggest poffer was worn in the <a href="/wiki/Meierij" class="mw-redirect" title="Meierij">Meierij</a>, where it was worn towards the front of the head. To the east of Brabant and Limburg the poffer would be placed further back on the head. In eastern <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a>, the poffer followed the shape of the head, like an arc. In western <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a>, a pleated poffer was worn. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NOMA01_AA10471_X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/NOMA01_AA10471_X.jpg/250px-NOMA01_AA10471_X.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/NOMA01_AA10471_X.jpg/330px-NOMA01_AA10471_X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/NOMA01_AA10471_X.jpg/500px-NOMA01_AA10471_X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2091" /></a><figcaption>Poffer or Brabantian Headdress, worn by woman in Beek (<a href="/wiki/Beek_en_Donk" title="Beek en Donk">Beek en Donk</a>), North Brabant, the Netherlands, 1931-05-18</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wearing_the_poffer">Wearing the poffer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wearing the poffer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First, a black cap was worn to smooth the form and strengthen the shape of the head. This hat was worn at home when the woman was around an open fire. Next, a <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulle_(netting)" title="Tulle (netting)">tulle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gauze" title="Gauze">gauze</a> hat was worn. Then, the poffer was worn as an over-bonnet, either pinned to the hat at the front and or tied beneath the chin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To keep the soft fabric of the poffer in shape, starch with <a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">borax</a> and white wax was used. The hat and poffer were detached for cleaning and washed in soft soap and then laid, still wet, on the grass to be bleached by the sun. <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a> was used to keep the fabric from yellowing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occasion">Occasion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Occasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poffers for babies and young children were not made. Until a girl was 10 years of age she'd wear a tight woolen cap. Even so, a baby or young girl's <a href="/wiki/Bonnet_(headgear)" title="Bonnet (headgear)">bonnet</a> could be decorated with gauze flowers and had ribbons for securing. </p><p>Unmarried women did not wear a poffer. However, they did wear a black bonnet called a <i>capotehoedje</i> or <i>kaphoedje</i>. These were headdresses of a single black piece of fabric, adorned with two or four black ribbons and black artificial flowers. In Veghel they were known to also have little black glass bells that would ring if they walked. These black bonnets were worn after a girl's first <a href="/wiki/Holy_communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy communion">holy communion</a> at about the age of twelve. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mourning_poffer">Mourning poffer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mourning poffer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, those in mourning wore dark clothes. In North Brabant and northern <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a> the shade of the day to day dress was also dark or black (also for weddings and other celebrations clothing was entirely black). Women in those areas therefore indicated their mourning state by wearing a special type of poffer: there would be no lace trim and no beads and few flowers. In a few villages in the <a href="/wiki/Peel,_Netherlands" title="Peel, Netherlands">Peel</a> the mourning poffer could be all black or it was black and white, but these non-white poffers are rare exceptions. Generally a mourning poffer would be entirely white but without any or with only flower decorations. If the deceased was a more distant relative, an all white "half" mourning poffer with all white flower decorations but without beads and never with lace was worn.<sup id="cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poffer_makers">Poffer makers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Poffer makers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once, each village had a poffer maker with their own distinct tradition, and the poffer maker would in detail consult the client how the design would look like and which fabrics would be used. A poffer took approximately sixty hours to make. Poffer makers were divided into three grades. In the lowest grade were women who cleaned, repaired and washed the poffers. The middle grade consisted of those who made new poffers. The <i>upper ten</i> designed the poffers and made high end articles. Poffer makers were often unmarried ladies with a physical impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For washing, starching, ironing and reassembling a poffer, a poffer maker received 9 cents. The price of an ordinary poffer was 35 guilders. A mourning poffer cost 15 guilders. A chic poffer with handmade lace and a new under hat cost approximately 100 <a href="/wiki/Dutch_guilder" title="Dutch guilder">guilders</a>. The price depended on the amount of lace and the number of floral motifs. A special poffer could cost as much as 500 guilders. Usually, a farmer's wife had two or three poffers.<sup id="cite_ref-Deurne_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deurne-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnological" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnological">ethnological</a> museums have a number of poffers in their collections, and some <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabantian</a> museums have special collections, for example, the Museum van Brabantse mutsen en poffers in <a href="/wiki/Sint-Oedenrode" title="Sint-Oedenrode">Sint-Oedenrode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poffers are worn during folkloric celebrations, especially at the <i>boerenbruiloft</i> (peasant wedding) during the <a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_the_Netherlands" title="Carnival in the Netherlands">carnaval</a>. In 1996, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the province of <a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a>, a commemorative coin was issued which was called the <i>poffer</i>. It depicted a woman wearing a poffer. This coin was legal tender until 10 January 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_art">In art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WLANL_-_artanonymous_-_Head_of_a_Woman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/WLANL_-_artanonymous_-_Head_of_a_Woman.jpg/200px-WLANL_-_artanonymous_-_Head_of_a_Woman.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/WLANL_-_artanonymous_-_Head_of_a_Woman.jpg/300px-WLANL_-_artanonymous_-_Head_of_a_Woman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/WLANL_-_artanonymous_-_Head_of_a_Woman.jpg/400px-WLANL_-_artanonymous_-_Head_of_a_Woman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Woman's portrait, by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, 1885</figcaption></figure> <p>The best known visual art representation of the poffer is likely the 1885 portrait of a woman by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>, held in the Norton Simon Museum of Art, <a href="/wiki/Pasadena,_California" title="Pasadena, California">Pasadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Vincent van Gogh made several woman portraits with poffers during his <a href="/wiki/Nuenen" title="Nuenen">Nuenen</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Binnekieke-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binnekieke_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://binnekiekedotcom.wordpress.com/de-muts-en-de-poffer/">"De muts en de Poffer."</a> Binnekieke in Grootmoederstijd blog. Accessed in Dutch 16 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vught-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vught_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vughtsmuseum.nl/schatten-van-vught_zip/schatten-van-vught/kanten-muts-poffer.php">"Poffer"</a> Vught Museum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deurne-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deurne_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deurne_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deurne_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deurne_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deurnewiki.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Poffer">"Poffer"</a> Deurnewiki.nl website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TlYFCeHSTrwC&dq=poffer&pg=PA67">"Food, drink and celebrations of the Hudson Valley Dutch."</a> The History Press 2009 p67 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1596295953" title="Special:BookSources/1596295953">1596295953</a>, 9781596295957. Accessed 18 March 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumvekemans.nl/publicaties/poffer-en-vrouwenmutsen-in-noord-brabant/">"Poffer en vrouwenmutsen in noord Brabant."</a> Museum Vekemans.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewandowski E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PeXfpsvFyysC&dq=poffer+AND+hat&pg=PA364">"The complete costume dictionary."</a> Scarecrow Press, 2011 p233 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810840049" title="Special:BookSources/0810840049">0810840049</a>, 9780810840041.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumdemuts.nl/collectie/poffer.html">"Poffer"</a> Museum Demuts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sintoedenrode.wordpress.com/brabantse-mutsen-museum/">"Brabantse mutsen museum."</a> Sintoedenrode blog.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/5009/Archief/archief/article/detail/2690443/1996/01/11/Eigen-Brabants-betaalmiddel.dhtml">"Eigen Brabants betaalmiddel."</a> Trouw.nl website 11 January 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HlLpEyOJFUoC&dq=poffer+gogh&pg=PA81">"Museumgids Rembrandt, Vermeer, Van Gogh."</a> Scriptio, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/908773011X" title="Special:BookSources/908773011X">908773011X</a>, 9789087730116</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poffer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140310035107/http://www.zandstad.nl/site/entry.php?id=798217719">Vrouwen met traditionele Brabantse poffer</a> Images of women wearing a poffer.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Folk_costumes" title="Template:Folk costumes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Folk_costumes" title="Template talk:Folk costumes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Folk_costumes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Folk costumes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Folk_costumes89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk costumes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_Africa" title="Clothing in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balgha" title="Balgha">Balgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agbada" title="Agbada">Boubou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiki" title="Dashiki">Dashiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djellaba" title="Djellaba">Djellaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_tie" title="Head tie">Head tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellabiya" title="Jellabiya">Jellabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanzu" title="Kanzu">Kanzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kente_cloth" title="Kente cloth">Kente cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufi" title="Kufi">Kufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litham" title="Litham">Litham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareo" title="Pareo">Pareo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_kaftan" title="Senegalese kaftan">Senegalese kaftan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagelmust" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagelmust">Tagelmust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrapper_(clothing)" title="Wrapper (clothing)">Wrapper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_clothing" title="Pashtun clothing">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakol" title="Pakol">Pakol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan">Chapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deel_(clothing)" title="Deel (clothing)">Deel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malahai" title="Malahai">Malahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranja" title="Paranja">Paranja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_clothing" title="Chinese clothing">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheongsam" title="Cheongsam">Cheongsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanfu" title="Hanfu">Hanfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_suit" title="Mao suit">Mao suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangzhuang" title="Tangzhuang">Tangzhuang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_clothing" title="Japanese clothing">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachimaki" title="Hachimaki">Hachimaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimono" title="Kimono">Kimono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_(sash)" title="Obi (sash)">Obi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_clothing" title="List of Korean clothing">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheopji" title="Cheopji">Cheopji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daenggi" title="Daenggi">Daenggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gache" title="Gache">Gache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbok" title="Hanbok">Hanbok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwagwan" title="Hwagwan">Hwagwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokduri" title="Jokduri">Jokduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangjin" title="Wangjin">Manggeon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bhutan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gho" title="Gho">Gho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kira_(Bhutan)" title="Kira (Bhutan)">Kira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">Dhoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupatta" title="Dupatta">Dupatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lungi" title="Lungi">Lungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_traditional_clothing" title="Newar traditional clothing">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathin" title="Pathin">Pathin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_(headdress)" title="Perak (headdress)">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawari_turban" title="Peshawari turban">Peshawari pagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwani" title="Sherwani">Sherwani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_clothing" title="Burmese clothing">Burma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longyi" title="Longyi">Longyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaung_baung" title="Gaung baung">Gaung baung</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer clothing">Cambodia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sompot_Chong_Kben" title="Sompot Chong Kben">Chong Kben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krama" title="Krama">Krama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sompot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sompot">Sompot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sbai" title="Sbai">Sbai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Indonesia" title="National costume of Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_blouse" title="Bodo blouse">Baju bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blangkon" title="Blangkon">Blangkon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebaya" title="Kebaya">Kebaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemben" title="Kemben">Kemben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiah" title="Kupiah">Kupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengkolok" title="Tengkolok">Tanjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulos" title="Ulos">Ulos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Laos#Traditional_clothing" title="Culture of Laos">Laos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xout_lao" title="Xout lao">Xout lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suea_pat" title="Suea pat">Suea pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)" title="Sinh (clothing)">Sinh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cultural_outfits" title="Malaysian cultural outfits">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baju_Kurung" title="Baju Kurung">Baju Kurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baju_Melayu" title="Baju Melayu">Baju Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songkok" title="Songkok">Songkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengkolok" title="Tengkolok">Tengkolok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_and_clothing_in_the_Philippines" title="Fashion and clothing in the Philippines">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barong_tagalog" title="Barong tagalog">Barong tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baro%27t_saya" title="Baro't saya">Baro't saya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buntal_hat" title="Buntal hat">Buntal hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malong" title="Malong">Malong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Clara_gown" title="Maria Clara gown">Maria Clara gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patadyong" title="Patadyong">Patadyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salakot" title="Salakot">Salakot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Banong" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Banong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_kraben" class="mw-redirect" title="Chong kraben">Chong kraben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Chut Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_Thai_national_costume" title="Formal Thai national costume">Formal Chut Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Pha_khao_ma" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Pha khao ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pha_nung" class="mw-redirect" title="Pha nung">Pha nung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_pattern" title="Raj pattern">Raj pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabai">Sabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinh_(clothing)" title="Sinh (clothing)">Sinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suea_pat" title="Suea pat">Suea pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_clothing#Tabengman" title="Traditional Thai clothing">Tabengman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudong" title="Tudong">Tudong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_clothing" title="Vietnamese clothing">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_b%C3%A0_ba" title="Áo bà ba">Áo bà ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_d%C3%A0i" title="Áo dài">Áo dài</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_giao_l%C4%A9nh" title="Áo giao lĩnh">Áo giao lĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81o_t%E1%BB%A9_th%C3%A2n" title="Áo tứ thân">Áo tứ thân</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaya" title="Abaya">Abaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agal_(accessory)" title="Agal (accessory)">Agal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian clothing">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisht_(clothing)" title="Bisht (clothing)">Bisht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshiya" title="Boshiya">Boshiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burqa" title="Burqa">Burqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chador" title="Chador">Chador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaar" title="Izaar">Izaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheitel">Sheitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallit_katan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallit katan">Tallit katan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">Tefillin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">Tzitzit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilb%C4%81b" title="Jilbāb">Jilbāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">Keffiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish clothing">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niq%C4%81b" title="Niqāb">Niqāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawb" title="Thawb">Thawb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hejazi_turban" title="Hejazi turban">Hejazi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Balkan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Traditional Albanian clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brez_(clothing)" title="Brez (clothing)">Brez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orape" title="Çorape">Çorape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinga" title="Opinga">Opinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhamadan" title="Xhamadan">Xhamadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhubleta" title="Xhubleta">Xhubleta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aromanian_traditional_clothing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aromanian traditional clothing (page does not exist)">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_costume" title="Croatian national costume">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustanella" title="Fustanella">Fustanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_dress" title="Greek dress">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiton_(costume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiton (costume)">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlamys" title="Chlamys">Chlamys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himation" title="Himation">Himation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_national_costume" title="Macedonian national costume">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian dress">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_traditional_clothing" title="Serbian traditional clothing">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo" title="Traditional clothing of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Isles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Britain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_country_clothing" title="British country clothing">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_uniform" title="Windsor uniform">Windsor uniform</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Scottish highlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboyne_dress" title="Aboyne dress">Aboyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_bonnet" title="Feather bonnet">Feather bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilt" title="Kilt">Kilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporran" title="Sporran">Sporran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume" title="Traditional Welsh costume">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirndl" title="Dirndl">Dirndl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lederhosen" title="Lederhosen">Lederhosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costumes_of_Poland" title="National costumes of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracht" title="Tracht">Tracht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dress" title="Armenian dress">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_traditional_clothing" title="Azerbaijani traditional clothing">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kelaghayi" title="Kelaghayi">Kelaghayi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_national_clothing" title="Ukrainian national clothing">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kobeniak" title="Kobeniak">Kobeniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhukh" title="Kozhukh">Kozhukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhushanka" title="Kozhushanka">Kozhushanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochipok" title="Ochipok">Ochipok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharovary" title="Sharovary">Sharovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyshyvanka" title="Vyshyvanka">Vyshyvanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_wreath" title="Ukrainian wreath">Ukrainian wreath</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokoshnik" title="Kokoshnik">Kokoshnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovorotka" title="Kosovorotka">Kosovorotka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bast_shoe" title="Bast shoe">Lapti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_shawl" title="Orenburg shawl">Orenburg shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafan" title="Sarafan">Sarafan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Netherlands <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraplap" title="Kraplap">Kraplap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oorijzer" title="Oorijzer">Oorijzer</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_costume" title="Breton costume">Breton costume</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traje_de_flamenca" title="Traje de flamenca">Traje de flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barretina" title="Barretina">Barretina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachirulo" title="Cachirulo">Cachirulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordovan_hat" title="Cordovan hat">Cordovan hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero_de_catite" title="Sombrero de catite">Sombrero de catite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantilla" title="Mantilla">Mantilla</a></li></ul></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciocia" title="Ciocia">Ciocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppola_cap" title="Coppola cap">Coppola cap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scandinavian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunad" title="Bunad">Bunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1kti" title="Gákti">Gákti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_national_costume" title="Icelandic national costume">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sweden#Folk_costuming" title="Culture of Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationella_dr%C3%A4kten" title="Nationella dräkten">Nationella dräkten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4ckadr%C3%A4kten" title="Bäckadräkten">Bäckadräkten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sverigedr%C3%A4kten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sverigedräkten (page does not exist)">Sverigedräkten</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguayo_(cloth)" title="Aguayo (cloth)">Aguayo</a></li> <li>Chile <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamanto" title="Chamanto">Chamanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_cap" title="Chilote cap">Chilote cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_poncho" title="Chilote poncho">Chilote poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chupalla" title="Chupalla">Chupalla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chullo" title="Chullo">Chullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guayabera" title="Guayabera">Guayabera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liqui_liqui" title="Liqui liqui">Liqui liqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lliklla" title="Lliklla">Lliklla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_hat" title="Panama hat">Panama hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollera" title="Pollera">Pollera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruana" title="Ruana">Ruana</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_clothing" title="Inuit clothing">Inuit skin clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tignon" title="Tignon">Tignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceinture_fl%C3%A9ch%C3%A9e" title="Ceinture fléchée">Ceinture fléchée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_wear" title="Western wear">Western wear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huipil" title="Huipil">Huipil</a></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huarache_(shoe)" title="Huarache (shoe)">Huarache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pointy_boots" title="Mexican pointy boots">Mexican pointy boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebozo" title="Rebozo">Rebozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serape" title="Serape">Serape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombrero" title="Sombrero">Sombrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechquemitl" title="Quechquemitl">Quechquemitl</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grass_skirt" title="Grass skirt">Grass skirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_cloak" title="Feather cloak">Feather cloak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-sala" title="I-sala">I-sala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lap-lap" title="Lap-lap">Lap-lap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavalava" title="Lavalava">Lavalava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiekie_(clothing)" title="Kiekie (clothing)">Kiekie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareo" title="Pareo">Pareo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulu_(skirt)" title="Sulu (skirt)">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">Taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">Tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupenu" title="Tupenu">Tupenu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_costume_of_Europe126" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_costume_of_Europe126" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National costume of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Finland (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of France (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of the United Kingdom (page does not exist)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_costume_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="National costume of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National costume of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_costume_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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