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These will be considered for the greater Style Guide when it is revised. Note that a revision draft is in <a href="https://github.com/rfc-editor/draft-rfc-editor-7322bis">GitHub</a>. This page will be updated to reflect current usage.</p> <p>Note that the RFC Production Center follows these guidelines but will edit and ask questions as needed.</p> <h2>MUSTs</h2> <p>The following conventions are required in RFCs. Updates will be made to text to follow these guidelines during the editing process. We appreciate compliance in submitted drafts.</p> <table class="statictable" width="100%" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" width="20%">Topic</th> <th scope="col" width="80%">Requirement</th> </tr> <tr> <td id="rfc_refs"><a href="/styleguide/part2/#ref_rfcs">Referencing RFCs</a></td> <td>The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is now listed in each reference to an RFC. The first example in <a href="/rfc/rfc7322#section-4.8.6.2">Section 4.8.6.2 of RFC 7322</a> is updated as follows.<br /> For one author or editor: </p> <p>[RFCXXXX] Last name, First initial., Ed. (if applicable), “RFC Title”, Sub-series number (if applicable), RFC number, DOI, Date of publication, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc#>.</p> <p><strong>Example:</strong><br /> [RFC3080] Rose, M., “The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core”, RFC 3080, DOI 10.17487/RFC3080, March 2001, <<a href="/info/rfc3080">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3080</a>>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="rfc_refs"><a href="/styleguide/part2/#ref_subseries">Referencing STDs and BCPs</a></td> <td>This guidance overrides <a href="/rfc/rfc7322#section-4.8.6.3">Section 4.8.6.3 of RFC 7322</a>.</p> <p>Internet Standards (STDs) and Best Current Practices (BCPs) may consist of a single RFC or multiple RFCs. When an STD or BCP is referenced, the reference entry should include ALL of the RFCs comprising that sub-series. The authors should refer to specific RFC numbers as part of the text (not as citations) and cite the sub-series number. The URI to the STD or BCP info page is to be included. The text should appear as follows:</p> <p>See RFC 3552 [BCP72].</p> <p><strong>An STD reference should be formatted as follows:</strong><br /> [STDXXX] Internet Standard XXX, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/std#>. At the time of writing, this STD comprises the following:</p> <p>Last name, First initial., Ed. (if applicable), “RFC Title”, STD XXX, RFC number, DOI number, Date of publication, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc#>.</p> <p><strong>Example:</strong><br /> [STD80] Internet Standard 80, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/std80>. At the time of writing, this STD comprises the following:</p> <p>Cerf, V., “ASCII format for network interchange”, STD 80, RFC 20, DOI 10.17487/RFC0020, October 1969, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc20>:</p> <p><strong>A BCP reference should be formatted as follows:</strong><br /> [BCPXXX] Best Current Practice XXX, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/bcp#>. At the time of writing, this BCP comprises the following:</p> <p>Last name, First initial., Ed. (if applicable) and First initial. Last name, Ed. (if applicable), “RFC Title”, BCP XXX, RFC number, DOI number, Date of publication, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc#>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id=" ref_errata"><a href="/styleguide/part2/#ref_errata">Referencing Errata</a></td> <td>The format for errata references described in <a href="/rfc/rfc7322.html#section-4.8.6.5">Section 4.8.6.5 of RFC 7322 </a> is updated as follows:<br /> [ErrNumber] RFC Errata, Erratum ID number, RFC number, <URI>. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong><br /> [Err3607] RFC Errata, Erratum ID 3607, RFC 4627, <<a href="/errata/eid3607">https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid3607</a>>.</p> <p>For more details, see the <a href="https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/rfc-interest/F4LLPSsmKKTr3McvyGCQEPiZFhE/">announcement on the RFC interest list</a>.</p> <p>Errata in the <a href="/errata-definitions/">Reported state</a> should not be referenced; they are not considered stable.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ref_iana_reg"><a href="/styleguide/part2/#ref_iana_reg">Referencing IANA Registries</a></td> <td>Use the following form to reference IANA registries. Note that the top-level URL is used when referring to a group of registries and/or specific registries within the group. </p> <p>[NAME] IANA, “Registry Group or Registry Name”, <URL>.</p> <p><strong>Example for a registry group:</strong><br /> [IANA-ANCP] IANA, “Access Node Control Protocol (ANCP)”, <<a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/ancp">https://www.iana.org/assignments/ancp</a>>.</p> <p><strong>Example for a specific registry within the group:</strong><br /> [IANA] IANA, “ANCP Message Types”, <<a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/ancp">https://www.iana.org/assignments/ancp</a>>.</p> <p>Note: This guidance was developed in coordination with IANA.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ref_ids"><a href="/part2/#ref_ids">Referencing Internet-Drafts</a></td> <td>The format for references to Internet-Drafts described in <a href="/rfc/rfc7322.html#section-4.8.6.4">Section 4.8.6.4 of RFC 7322</a> is updated to include the day of posting (in addition to the month and year), the word “Internet-Draft”, and the URL of the HTML file. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong><br /> [RFC7322bis] Levine, J., Ed., and S. Ginoza, “RFC Style Guide”, Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-flanagan-7322bis-07, 7 April 2021, <<a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-flanagan-7322bis-07">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-flanagan-7322bis-07</a>>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ref_repo"><a href="/part2/#ref_repo">Referencing Web-Based Public Code Repositories (e.g., GitHub)</a></td> <td>Used for Informative References only. </p> <p>Format of reference entries:</p> <ul> <li>authors — omit them</li> <li>title — include if available (some judgement may be required on the part of the editors and authors to have a sensible title)</li> <li>commit hash — include if exists, short form preferred if available</li> <li>date — use date of last commit at time doc is edited</li> <li>URL — include URL to main page of repository</li> </ul> <p><strong>Examples:</strong><br /> [pysaml2] “Python implementation of SAML2”, commit 7135d53, March 2018, <<a href="https://github.com/IdentityPython/pysaml2">https://github.com/IdentityPython/pysaml2</a>>.</p> <p>[linuxlite] “Linux Lite”, March 2018, <<a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxlite/">https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxlite/</a>>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="ref_email_list"><a href="/part2/#ref_email_list">Referencing Email on Mailing Lists</a></td> <td>When referencing emails to mailing lists, use the following template: </p> <p>[reftag] Sender, A., “Subject: Subject line”, message to the<br /> listname mailing list, DD Month YYYY, .</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="index_placement"><a href="/part2/#index_placement">Index Placement</a></td> <td>If included, an index appears directly before the Authors’ Addresses Section.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>RECOMMENDED</h2> <p>The following practices are recommended. Updates may be made to text to follow these guidelines during the editing process.</p> <table class="statictable" width="100%" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" width="20%">Topic</th> <th scope="col" width="80%">Recommendation</th> </tr> <tr> <td id="inclusive_language"><a href="/part2/#inclusive_language">Inclusive Language</a></td> <td>Because each stream has chosen to follow the <a href="https://www.ietf.org/about/groups/iesg/statements/on-inclusive-language/">IESG statement on Inclusive Language</a>, the RFC Editor encourages authors to apply the guidance described in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250203031433/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2021/NIST.IR.8366.pdf">“Guidance for NIST Staff on Using Inclusive Language in Documentary Standards”</a>. See <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250214092458/https://www.nist.gov/nist-research-library/nist-technical-series-publications-author-instructions#table1">Table 1 on the NIST website</a> for an expanded list of potentially biased language along with possible substitutions.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id=" double_no"><a href="/part2/#double_no">Double Negatives</a></td> <td>Double negatives are discouraged.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="rfc_as_compound"><a href="/part2/#rfc_as_compound">RFCs Citations as Compounds</a></td> <td>Avoid forming compounds by hyphenating RFC numbers; this can be accomplished by </p> <ul> <li>rewording the sentence (e.g., “[RFC5011]-style rollover” –> “rollover as described in RFC 5011 [RFC5011]”).</li> <li>adding a note in either the Terminology or Conventions section mentioning the RFC so that other occurrences throughout the text will be understood by the reader to be in the style of said RFC (e.g., “This document uses the term “rollover” as defined in RFC 5011”).</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="abbrev_as_verb"><a href="/part2/#abbrev_as_verb">Abbreviations as Verbs</a></td> <td>Avoid using abbreviations as verbs when possible. If unavoidable, suffixes should be affixed without punctuation, for example, “XORed” (not XOR’ed) and “NATed” (not NAT-ed).</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="exp_abbrev"><a href="/part2/#exp_abbrev">Expanding Abbreviations upon First Use</a></td> <td>Once an abbreviation has been introduced, the abbreviated form should be used thereafter.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="citation_usage"><a href="/part2/#citation_usage">In-text Citations (bracketed citation)</a></td> <td>An in-text citation may a) follow the subject for which it is being cited as a silent pointer to the referenced document or b) be read as part of the text. </p> <p><strong>For example:</strong></p> <p>a) As part of the transition to IPv6, NAT64 [RFC6146] and DNS64 [RFC6147] technologies will be utilized by some access networks to provide IPv4 connectivity for IPv6-only nodes [RFC6144].</p> <p><strong>or</strong></p> <p>b) Note that SAVI raises a number of important privacy considerations that are discussed more fully in [RFC6959].</p> <p>We recommend using a) and strongly recommend consistent use of one style throughout.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="use_https"><a href="/part2/#use_https">URIs</a></td> <td>HTTPS URIs should be used when possible.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>Author Choice</h2> <p>The following items are left to the authors’ discretion.</p> <table class="statictable" width="100%" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col">Topic</th> <th scope="col" width="80%">Description</th> </tr> <tr> <td id="keywords_in_quote"><a href="/part2/#keywords_in_quote">RFC 2119 Keywords in Quoted Text</a></td> <td>A reference is not required if the keywords are only used in quoted text.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="terms"><a href="/part2/#terms_format">Terms</a></td> <td>You may format terms as you see fit by using capitalization, quotation marks, emphasis, etc. However, consistency within the document and within the Series is strongly recommended.<br /> Please provide any style guidance to the RFC Production Center when your document enters the queue.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="terms_section"><a href="/part2/#terms_section">Terminology Sections</a></td> <td>Terminology sections are recommended for docs that are terminology/abbreviation heavy, but documents should point to existing definitions when possible.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="didactic_caps"><a href="/part2/#didactic_caps">Didactic Capitalization</a></td> <td>Use of didactic capitalization is not needed.<br /> <strong>Example:</strong> Extensible Markup Language (XML)<br /> (not EXtensible Markup Language (XML) or eXtensible Markup Language (XML))</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="section_length"><a href="/part2/#section_length">Length of Sections</a></td> <td>We suggest that the length of a section or subsection be limited to allow for easily referenced objects.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>XML Formatting</h2> <p>The following formatting conventions are to be followed in RFCs.</p> <table class="statictable" width="100%" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" width="20%">Topic</th> <th scope="col" width="80%">Guidance</th> </tr> <tr> <td id="nonascii"><a href="/part2/#nonascii">Use of non-ASCII characters</a></td> <td>Per RFC 7997, non-ASCII characters may appear within the body of the document. The <u> element is required for cases where the non-ASCII characters are needed for correct protocol operation. </p> <p>This is in keeping with the following statement (where “escaping” refers to using U+ notation or otherwise defining each character) in <a href="/rfc/rfc7997.html#section-3.1">Section 3.1 of RFC 7997</a>:</p> <p>“Where the use of non-ASCII characters is purely part of an example<br /> and not otherwise required for correct protocol operation, escaping<br /> the non-ASCII character is not required.”</p> <p>Note that ASCII equivalents are to be used for punctuation (e.g., smart quotes and em dashes).</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="links"><a href="/part2/#links">Document links</a></td> <td>There is no hard limit on the number and frequency of links in documents. However, links introduce noise for people who use screen readers, and this reduces accessibility.</p> <p>How frequently terms should be linked is circumstantial depending on context and (often) the length of a section and the document. We consider the following when thinking about links:</p> <ul> <li>The information at other end of link should be useful to the reader.</li> <li>Links should not be self-referential (i.e., links should not link back to its own section/definition)</li> <li>Links should not be distracting. At most, link every few paragraphs; perhaps once per section depending the length of the section. Links to the same term should not appear more than once per sentence, bullet, or paragraph. Linking to the same term repetitively frustrates the reader.</li> <li>It should be clear to the reader where the link goes (i.e., the link text should be descriptive).</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Last updated 20 February 2024</p> </div> </div> <br /> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footerdivs"> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <p class="credit"> <a href="//www.iab.org/">IAB</a> • <a href="//www.iana.org/">IANA</a> • <a href="//www.ietf.org">IETF</a> • <a href="//www.irtf.org">IRTF</a> • <a href="/about/independent">ISE</a> • <a href="//www.internetsociety.org">ISOC</a> • <a href="//trustee.ietf.org/">IETF Trust</a> <br> <a href="/report-summary">Reports</a> • <a href="//www.ietf.org/privacy-statement/">Privacy Statement</a> • <a href="/sitemap">Site Map</a> • <a href="/contact">Contact Us</a> </p> </div> </div> <button type="button" aria-controls="rmp-container-2538" aria-label="Menu Trigger" id="rmp_menu_trigger-2538" class="rmp_menu_trigger rmp-menu-trigger-boring"> <span class="rmp-trigger-box"> <span class="responsive-menu-pro-inner"></span> </span> </button> <div id="rmp-container-2538" class="rmp-container rmp-container rmp-slide-left"> <div id="rmp-menu-title-2538" class="rmp-menu-title"> <a href="" target="_self" id="rmp-menu-title-link"> <span></span> </a> </div> <div id="rmp-menu-wrap-2538" class="rmp-menu-wrap"><ul id="rmp-menu-2538" class="rmp-menu" role="menubar" aria-label="Default Menu"><li id="rmp-menu-item-632" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/retrieve/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Document Retrieval</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-633" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "/errata.php" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Errata</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-634" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/faq/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Frequently Asked Questions</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-636" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rse/format-faq/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Future Format FAQ</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-637" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/history/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >History</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-638" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/about/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >About Us</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-639" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/other/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Other Information</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-640" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/pubprocess/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Publication Process</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-641" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "/current_queue.php" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Publication Queue</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-642" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href = "https://www.rfc-editor.org/styleguide/" class = "rmp-menu-item-link" role = "menuitem" >Style Guide</a></li></ul></div> <div id="rmp-menu-additional-content-2538" class="rmp-menu-additional-content"> <a href="/search/rfc_search.php">Advanced Search</a> <form id="search_query_separator_id" name="search_query_separator_name" action="/search/rfc_search_detail.php" method="POST" onsubmit="return validateComboBox(this);"> <input type="text" id ="combo_box_id" name="combo_box" maxlength="20" size ="35" placeholder="number, title, keyword, or author surname"></form> </div> </div> </body> </html>