Ampliación de la zona del euro después del 1 de mayo de 2004

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A ellos se unieron otros dos Estados, Rumanía y Bulgaria, el 1 de enero de 2007. Sin embargo, la moneda única no se ha introducido con la adhesión. De hecho, los nuevos miembros deben demostrar antes que están preparados para adoptar el euro y cumplir los «criterios de convergencia». En cuanto reúnan estas condiciones, los nuevos Estados miembros estarán obligados a introducir el euro.</p> <p class="ti-section">ACTO</p> <p class="references">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo, al Comité de las Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 10 de noviembre de 2004, «Primer informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la ampliación de la zona del euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52004DC0748">COM (2004) 748</a> final – Diario Oficial C 49 de 28.2.2006].</p> <p class="ti-section">SÍNTESIS</p> <p class="normal">La introducción del euro requiere una preparación práctica cuidadosa. La Comisión Europea publica regularmente informes sobre el desarrollo de los preparativos prácticos para la introducción del euro. La presente Comunicación es el primer informe destinado a informar a todas las partes interesadas: las instituciones europeas, los Estados miembros, la población y los medios de comunicación. Los informes se publican a título informativo y no tienen valor jurídico; no deben confundirse tampoco con los informes de convergencia.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Preparación para la introducción de la moneda única</span> </p> <p class="normal">La introducción del euro debe preparase con mucha antelación. Los países de la zona del euro de la primera tanda previeron, por razones prácticas y logísticas, un período de transición de tres años entre la adopción del euro como moneda y la puesta en circulación de billetes y monedas en euros. Ahora bien, ingresar en la zona del euro coincidiendo con la puesta en circulación de monedas y billetes en euros puede también tener ventajas, ya que las monedas y billetes en euros son bien conocidos en los Estados miembros de la UE.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Las enseñanzas de la primera adopción del euro</span> </p> <p class="normal">La Comisión ha comprobado que la primera adopción del euro fue un éxito, a pesar de que se pueden mejorar algunos aspectos. Para lograr una transición rápida y la aceptación de la nueva moneda por el público se requiere una preparación rigurosa y anticipada. La Comisión considera que el período transitorio de tres años fue demasiado largo y desea que las monedas y billetes en euros se introduzcan rápidamente en beneficio de todas las partes. En esta misma línea, prefiere también que el período de doble circulación sea breve.</p> <p class="normal">Además, la Comisión destaca que las autoridades nacionales deben adoptar las medidas necesarias para evitar cualquier impacto en los precios que pueda producirse, por ejemplo, como consecuencia de una conversión incorrecta de los precios por los comerciantes y minoristas. La participación activa de las asociaciones de protección de los consumidores sería recibida favorablemente. Las autoridades podrían obligar a los comerciantes a anunciar públicamente su compromiso de efectuar una conversión exacta de los precios con el fin de garantizar la credibilidad y proporcionar a los consumidores un instrumento que les permita ejercer presión.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Contexto</span> </p> <p class="normal">Desde la ronda de ampliación de 2004, se han incorporado varios Estados miembros nuevos en la zona euro:</p> <ul> <li class="normal"> <a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:l25085">Eslovenia</a>, el 1 de enero de 2007;</li> <li class="normal"> <a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:l25096">Chipre y Malta</a>, el 1 de enero de 2008;</li> <li class="normal"> <a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:ec0003">Eslovaquia</a>, 1 de enero de 2009;</li> <li class="normal"> <a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:ec0012">Estonia</a>, 1 de enero de 2011.</li> </ul> <p class="normal">Actualmente, 17 de los 27 Estados miembros tienen el euro como moneda única.</p> <p class="ti-section">ACTOS CONEXOS</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">la Comisión Europea al Parlamento Europeo, al Consejo, al Banco Central Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo y al Comité de las Regiones, «Décimo informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona del euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52010DC0398">COM(2010) 398</a> final – Diario Oficial C 121 de 19.4.2011].</span> </p> <p class="normal">Esta comunicación detalla los avances de los últimos preparativos realizados en Estonia para la introducción del euro el 1 de enero de 2011. Por otro lado, presenta encuestas de opinión realizadas en los demás Estados miembros candidatos a la adopción de la moneda única.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Parlamento Europeo, al Consejo, al Banco Central Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo y al Comité de las Regiones, «Noveno informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona del euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52009DC0692">COM(2009) 692</a> final – no publicada en el Diario Oficial].</span> </p> <p class="normal">Esta comunicación resume el avance de los preparativos prácticos para la introducción del euro en los Estados miembros que deseen adoptar la moneda única. También ofrece una idea de las opiniones de los ciudadanos sobre el euro en esos mismos Estados miembros.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo, al Comité de las Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 12 de diciembre de 2008, «Octavo informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52008DC0843">COM(2008) 843</a> final – Diario Oficial C 76 de 25.3.2010].</span> </p> <p class="normal">Esta Comunicación presenta y analiza los preparativos llevados a cabo en Eslovaquia para la introducción del euro: los preparativos para la introducción de las monedas y billetes en euros, la adaptación de las empresas y de la administración pública a la transición al euro y la campaña informativa sobre el euro dirigida al público.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social, al Comité de las Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 18 de julio de 2008, «Séptimo informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52008DC0480">COM(2008) 480</a> final – Diario Oficial C 76 de 25.3.2010].</span> </p> <p class="normal">La Comisión presenta la situación de los preparativos prácticos para la transición de Eslovaquia, prevista para el 1 de enero de 2009, aplicando un escenario de cambio instantáneo «big bang». Examina la eficacia de la estructura de coordinación establecida y sugiere reforzar el control central de los preparativos para la introducción al euro.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo, al Comité de las Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 27 de noviembre de 2007, «Sexto informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona del euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52007DC0756">COM (2007) 756</a> final – Diario Oficial C 55 de 28.2.2008].</span> </p> <p class="normal">La Comisión Europea evalúa los preparativos prácticos de Chipre y Malta de cara a la introducción del euro el 1 de enero de 2008.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo, al Comité de las Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 16 de julio de 2007, «Quinto informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona del euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52007DC0434">COM (2007) 434</a> final – Diario Oficial C 246 de 20.10.2007].</span> </p> <p class="normal">La Comisión Europea pone de relieve los preparativos de Malta y Chipre, dado que estos Estados miembros introducirán el euro el 1 de enero de 2008. Las dos islas mediterráneas han optado por el escenario de cambio instantáneo («big bang»), lo que significa que los billetes y monedas en euros se introducirán en la misma fecha de adopción del euro como moneda nacional. El informe analiza los preparativos de Eslovaquia.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo, al Comité de las Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 10 de noviembre de 2006, «Cuarto informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona del euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52006DC0671">COM (2006) 671</a> final – Diario Oficial C 78 de 11.4.2007].</span> </p> <p class="normal">El informe se concentra en los preparativos prácticos en Eslovenia, Chipre y Malta</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo, al Comité de Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 22 de junio de 2006, «Tercer informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52006DC0322">COM(2006) 322</a> final – no publicada en el Diario Oficial].</span> </p> <p class="normal">El informe se centra en los preparativos prácticos en curso en Eslovenia. La Comisión considera que, aunque los preparativos están bien avanzados, son necesarias medidas complementarias para aumentar la confianza de los consumidores.</p> <p class="normal"> <span class="bold">Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo, al Parlamento Europeo, al Comité Económico y Social Europeo, al Comité de las Regiones y al Banco Central Europeo, de 4 de noviembre de 2005, «Segundo informe sobre los preparativos prácticos para la futura ampliación de la zona del euro» [<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=celex:52005DC0545">COM (2005) 545</a> final – Diario Oficial C 49 de 28.2.2006].</span> </p> <p class="normal">Este informe hace balance de los preparativos prácticos para la introducción del euro que se están realizando en los Estados miembros que ingresaron en la Unión Europea el 1 de mayo de 2004.</p> <h4>See also</h4> <ul> <li class="normal">Comisión Europea, Dirección General (DG) de <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/index_es.htm">Asuntos Económicos y Financieros sobre el euro</a> </li> <li class="normal">Nuevo mecanismo de tipos de cambio (<a href="./../../../legal-content/ES/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:l25082">MCEII</a>)</li> </ul> <p class="lastmod">Última modificación: 04.11.2011</p> </div> <a class="" href="#document1">Top</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { popUpWidget("./../../../", "en", "800"); popUpWidgetAccessible("./../../../", "ES"); }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { if ("false" == "true" || "false" == "true") { initConsLegTable('To display the table of contents, zoom out or increase the size of your browser window.'); } if ("false" == "true") { initToc("false"); eliResolutionResolver("/legal-content/ES/TXT/"); } setTimeout(function(){ loadDocState("TXT true","PP"); }, 0); $(document).trigger("enhance"); }); </script> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <footer 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