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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arkansas_State_Hospital&params=34.7507_N_92.3243_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°45′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">92°19′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.7507°N 92.3243°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.7507; -92.3243</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hospital in Little Rock, Arkansas</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hospital in Arkansas, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Arkansas State Hospital</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arkansas_State_Hospital,_1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arkansas_State_Hospital%2C_1891.jpg/250px-Arkansas_State_Hospital%2C_1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arkansas_State_Hospital%2C_1891.jpg/375px-Arkansas_State_Hospital%2C_1891.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Arkansas_State_Hospital%2C_1891.jpg/500px-Arkansas_State_Hospital%2C_1891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="422" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Original Arkansas State Hospital building, 1891</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_aae56b0459e4948646faeb50cfd571f3f6297041"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Arkansas_State_Hospital&revid=1243139335&groups=_aae56b0459e4948646faeb50cfd571f3f6297041" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Arkansas_State_Hospital&revid=1243139335&groups=_aae56b0459e4948646faeb50cfd571f3f6297041 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">305 South Palm Street, <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arkansas_State_Hospital&params=34.7507_N_92.3243_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°45′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">92°19′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.7507°N 92.3243°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.7507; -92.3243</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">Care system</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Public</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Services</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1883</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arkansas State Hospital</b>, originally known as <b>Arkansas Lunatic Asylum</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-kb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the sole public <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric hospital</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, and is located in the city of <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a>. It was established in 1883 and as of 2023, it is still active. Its main focus is on acute care rather than chronic illness.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkansas_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An act of the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_General_Assembly" title="Arkansas General Assembly">Arkansas legislature</a> in 1873 approved the purchase of land and construction of a building to serve people with <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental illness</a> in the state. Due to the <a href="/wiki/Brooks%E2%80%93Baxter_War" title="Brooks–Baxter War">Brooks-Baxter War</a>, construction was postponed until 1881, when a two-year tax was instituted to fund the construction and operation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arkansas Lunatic Asylum opened on March 1, 1873; the first inmate had already been involuntarily committed days before. The original building was constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Kirkbride_Plan" title="Kirkbride Plan">Kirkbride</a> design, which was common for institutions at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-kb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following decades, there was a repeating pattern of overcrowding followed by expansion. By 1915, there were twelve buildings on site.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name was changed to Arkansas State Hospital for Nervous Diseases in 1905 and the Arkansas State Hospital in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total patient census at the end of 1934 was reported at 4,996, rising to 5,046 by the end of 1935; the capacity of the hospital was 1,750.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, a hospital farm was established at Baucum (Pulaski County), where some of the more physically able patients were forced to work unpaid on a dairy farm. There were about 100 inmates to start with at the farm. By 1936, the need for further expansion prompted the opening of the Benton Farm Colony, as it was then called, which was planned to hold about 2,000 inmates.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farm colony was segregated, with one dorm for white patients and another for Black patients.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957, the legislature ordered the cessation of all farm operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 1959, many people without mental illness were also sent to Arkansas, including people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). In 1959, the Arkansas Children's Colony (now known as the Conway Human Development Center) was established, which would be specifically for people with I/DD.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1960, many of the original buildings were falling into disrepair. 6 million dollars of state funding was allotted for new buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advocates brought concerns that the building was not safe for the patients. The original Kirkbride building was demolished in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serial killer <a href="/wiki/Donald_Harding" title="Donald Harding">Donald Harding</a> would spend four years bouncing between the hospital and several other facilities as a juvenile.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, a brand new hospital opened with 132 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_%26_Medicaid_Services" title="Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services">Center for Medicare and Medicaid</a> found substantial concerns for the life and safety of the patients, especially children, and threatened to withdraw federal funding. The State Hospital worked out sanctions and a plan to address the concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkansas_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/buildings/little-rock/">"Arkansas State Hospital"</a>. <i>Kirkbride Buildings</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkbride+Buildings&rft.atitle=Arkansas+State+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkbridebuildings.com%2Fbuildings%2Flittle-rock%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanservices.arkansas.gov/dbhs/pages/arstatehospital.aspx">"Arkansas State Hospital"</a>. <i>Department of Human Services: Arkansas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Human+Services%3A+Arkansas&rft.atitle=Arkansas+State+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanservices.arkansas.gov%2Fdbhs%2Fpages%2Farstatehospital.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/arkansas-state-hospital-2238/">"Arkansas State Hospital"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Arkansas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arkansas&rft.atitle=Arkansas+State+Hospital&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fentries%2Farkansas-state-hospital-2238%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/aug/22/from-the-inside/">"OPINION | RAY HANLEY: From the inside"</a>. <i>Arkansas Online</i>. 2021-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arkansas+Online&rft.atitle=OPINION+%7C+RAY+HANLEY%3A+From+the+inside&rft.date=2021-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkansasonline.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2Faug%2F22%2Ffrom-the-inside%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/human-development-centers-6929/">"Human Development Centers"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Arkansas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arkansas&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Centers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofarkansas.net%2Fentries%2Fhuman-development-centers-6929%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arkansaslunaticasylum.wordpress.com/">"Arkansas Lunatic Asylum – Arkansas's Forgotten Asylum"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arkansas+Lunatic+Asylum+%E2%80%93+Arkansas%27s+Forgotten+Asylum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farkansaslunaticasylum.wordpress.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/84692043/top-court-clears-way-to-execution/">"Top court clears way to execution"</a>. <i>Arizona Daily Star</i>. 5 April 1992. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Top+court+clears+way+to+execution&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1992-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2F84692043%2Ftop-court-clears-way-to-execution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2011/apr/19/us-sees-danger-state-hospital-20110419/">"U.S. sees danger in State Hospital"</a>. <i>Arkansas Online</i>. 2011-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arkansas+Online&rft.atitle=U.S.+sees+danger+in+State+Hospital&rft.date=2011-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkansasonline.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2Fapr%2F19%2Fus-sees-danger-state-hospital-20110419%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkansas_State_Hospital&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arkansas_State_Hospital" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arkansas State Hospital">Arkansas State Hospital</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanni2007" class="citation book cs1">Yanni, Carla (2007). <i>The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States</i>. Minnesota University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4940-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4940-2"><bdi>978-0-8166-4940-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architecture+of+Madness%3A+Insane+Asylums+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Minnesota+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4940-2&rft.aulast=Yanni&rft.aufirst=Carla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArkansas+State+Hospital" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kirkbride_Plan" title="Template:Kirkbride Plan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kirkbride_Plan" title="Template talk:Kirkbride Plan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kirkbride_Plan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kirkbride Plan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Kirkbride_Plan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kirkbride_Plan" title="Kirkbride Plan">The Kirkbride Plan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Story_Kirkbride" title="Thomas Story Kirkbride">Thomas Story Kirkbride</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sloan_(architect)" title="Samuel Sloan (architect)">Samuel Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Boyden" title="Elbridge Boyden">Elbridge Boyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Jeremiah_Bradlee" title="Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee">Nathaniel Bradlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Haskell" title="John G. Haskell">John G. Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Scofield" title="Levi Scofield">Levi Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepley,_Rutan_and_Coolidge" title="Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge">Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Snowden_Andrews" title="Richard Snowden Andrews">Richard Snowden Andrews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Psychiatric_Hospital" title="Trenton Psychiatric Hospital">New Jersey State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg_State_Hospital" title="Harrisburg State Hospital">Harrisburg State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton_State_Hospital" title="Taunton State Hospital">Taunton State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_State_Hospital" title="Northampton State Hospital">Northampton State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Pennsylvania_Hospital" title="Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital">Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixmont_State_Hospital" title="Dixmont State Hospital">Dixmont State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_State_Hospital" title="Hudson River State Hospital">Hudson River State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville_State_Hospital" title="Danville State Hospital">Danville State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richardson_Olmsted_Complex" title="Richardson Olmsted Complex">Buffalo State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_State_Hospital" title="Warren State Hospital">Warren State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greystone_Park_Psychiatric_Hospital" title="Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital">Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_State_Hospital" title="Worcester State Hospital">Worcester State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danvers_State_Hospital" title="Danvers State Hospital">Danvers State Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mid-Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeths_Hospital" title="St. Elizabeths Hospital">St. Elizabeths Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_State_Hospital_(Virginia)" title="Central State Hospital (Virginia)">Central State Hospital (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Hospital_Center" title="Spring Grove Hospital Center">Spring Grove Hospital Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midwest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_State_Hospital_(Indiana)" title="Central State Hospital (Indiana)">Central State Hospital (Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Developmental_Center" title="Jacksonville Developmental Center">Jacksonville State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ohio_Lunatic_Asylum" title="Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum">Dayton State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendota_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Mendota Mental Health Institute">Wisconsin State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_Regional_Psychiatric_Hospital" title="Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital">Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Mount Pleasant Mental Health Institute">Mount Pleasant State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Security_Hospital" title="Minnesota Security Hospital">St. Peter State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_State_Hospital" title="Anna State Hospital">Anna State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Mental_Health_Center" title="Elgin Mental Health Center">Elgin State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osawatomie_State_Hospital" title="Osawatomie State Hospital">Osawatomie State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_State_Hospital" title="Topeka State Hospital">Topeka State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Winnebago Mental Health Institute">Winnebago State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_State_Hospital" title="Independence State Hospital">Independence State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Lunatic_Asylum" title="Athens Lunatic Asylum">Athens Lunatic Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_State_Hospital" title="Columbus State Hospital">Columbus State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Valley_Center" title="Clinton Valley Center">Eastern Michigan Asylum for the Insane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee_State_Hospital" title="Kankakee State Hospital">Kankakee State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarinda_Treatment_Complex" title="Clarinda Treatment Complex">Clarinda State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_State_Hospital" title="Traverse City State Hospital">Northern Michigan Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_State_Hospital" title="Nevada State Hospital">Nevada State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Mental_Health_Institute" title="Cherokee Mental Health Institute">Cherokee Mental Health Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergus_Falls_Regional_Treatment_Center" title="Fergus Falls Regional Treatment Center">Fergus Falls Regional Treatment Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_State_Hospital_(Kentucky)" title="Western State Hospital (Kentucky)">Western State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_State_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson State Hospital">Jackson State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_State_Hospital" title="Austin State Hospital">Austin State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Hospital" title="Bryce Hospital">Bryce Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Allegheny_Lunatic_Asylum" title="Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum">Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_State_Hospital_(Kentucky)" title="Central State Hospital (Kentucky)">Central State Hospital (Kentucky)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton_Hospital" title="Broughton Hospital">Broughton Hospital</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arkansas State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrell_State_Hospital" title="Terrell State Hospital">Terrell State Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnews_Developmental_Center" title="Agnews Developmental Center">Agnews State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Oregon_State_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Oregon State Hospital">Eastern Oregon State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_State_Hospital_(Washington)" title="Eastern State Hospital (Washington)">Eastern Washington State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_State_Hospital" title="Mendocino State Hospital">Mendocino State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_State_Hospital" title="Napa State Hospital">Napa State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Hospital" title="Oregon State Hospital">Oregon State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patton_State_Hospital" title="Patton State Hospital">Patton State Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside the U.S.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Hospital" title="Nova Scotia Hospital">Nova Scotia Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callan_Park_Hospital_for_the_Insane" title="Callan Park Hospital for the Insane">Callan Park Hospital for the Insane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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