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<span>The rush</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_rush-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_gold_prospecting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_gold_prospecting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later gold prospecting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_gold_prospecting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lapland_Gold_Rush_in_Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lapland_Gold_Rush_in_Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lapland Gold Rush in Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lapland_Gold_Rush_in_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lapland_gold_rush&params=68.50604_N_26.680836_E_scale:80000_region:FI"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">68°30′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°40′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">68.50604°N 26.680836°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">68.50604; 26.680836</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1870s gold rush in Lapland, Finland</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kultala_1874.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kultala_1874.jpg/220px-Kultala_1874.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kultala_1874.jpg/330px-Kultala_1874.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kultala_1874.jpg/440px-Kultala_1874.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5605" data-file-height="3261" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Kultala town by the <a href="/wiki/Ivalojoki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivalojoki">Ivalo River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari, Finland</a>, from 1874.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Lapland gold rush</b>, also known as the <b><a href="/wiki/Ivalo" title="Ivalo">Ivalo</a> Gold Rush</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">gold rush</a> that occurred in the 1870s in <a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a>, then part of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a>. The Lapland gold rush started in the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Ivalojoki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivalojoki">Ivalojoki</a> River in 1870 and lasted for a few years. Although the scale of the Lapland gold rush is not comparable to the major 19th century gold rushes, the Lapland gold rush has great local significance in Lapland and across Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_gold_rush&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kultala_Ivalojoki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kultala_Ivalojoki.jpg/220px-Kultala_Ivalojoki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kultala_Ivalojoki.jpg/330px-Kultala_Ivalojoki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Kultala_Ivalojoki.jpg/440px-Kultala_Ivalojoki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Ivalo River in the late 1890s</figcaption></figure> <p>The first references of gold in the Finnish Lapland date back to the early 16th century, when gold was discovered from <a href="/wiki/Utsjoki" title="Utsjoki">Utsjoki</a>, but its presence not widely known until the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1860s, Norwegian geologist <a href="/wiki/Tellef_Dahll" title="Tellef Dahll">Tellef Dahll</a> was conducting a geological survey in <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a> county, located in the extreme northeastern part of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, when he discovered gold in the <a href="/wiki/Tana_(Norway)" title="Tana (Norway)">Tana</a> river. Dahll found that the most promising sites were on the Finnish side of the river and contacted the authorities in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>. In 1868, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Mining_Board&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Mining Board (page does not exist)">Finnish Mining Board</a> sent an expedition to Lapland in search of gold. Finland, which at the time was an autonomous part of Russia, was suffering from <a href="/wiki/Famine_of_1866%E2%80%9368" class="mw-redirect" title="Famine of 1866–68">a major famine</a>, and the Finnish local government hoped that the gold would benefit the country's deprived economy. </p><p>The expedition was led by the engineer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_Lihr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conrad Lihr (page does not exist)">Conrad Lihr</a>, who later became the head of the <a href="/wiki/Mint_of_Finland" title="Mint of Finland">Mint of Finland</a>. After several months, Lihr and the expedition finally discovered gold in September 1868 from the Ivalo River in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari</a>. The discovery was seen as so prosperous that the government decided to pass a new law regarding future gold mining in Lapland, which was approved by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a> in April 1870. The new law repealed the former act which had given the Emperor the privilege of all <a href="/wiki/Noble_metal" title="Noble metal">noble metals</a>. Gold prospecting in Lapland was now free for every "decent" man of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Russian Empire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_rush">The rush</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_gold_rush&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The rush"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sotajoki_gold_mining_1898.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sotajoki_gold_mining_1898.JPG/220px-Sotajoki_gold_mining_1898.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sotajoki_gold_mining_1898.JPG/330px-Sotajoki_gold_mining_1898.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sotajoki_gold_mining_1898.JPG/440px-Sotajoki_gold_mining_1898.JPG 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Gold mining by the Sotajoki river in 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>The gold rush on the Ivalo River began in 1870, shortly after gold prospecting was made legal. During the spring and the summer, about 500 gold prospectors made their way through Lapland to the Ivalo River. The prospectors traveled hundreds of kilometers by ski, foot, or boat to the gold prospecting area, which was born to the confluence of Ivalo and its tributary Sotajoki.<sup id="cite_ref-partanen1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partanen1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To regulate the rush, the government established a headquarters for the authorities and service point for the prospectors, called the "Kultala Crown Station." In Kultala, the officials issued licenses for prospectors and purchased their gold. There were also law enforcement officers and cartographers, as well as a restaurant and post office.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its largest, the number of government officials and gold prospectors was approximately 600 people. This was a significant community, as Lapland was mostly uninhabited wilderness, and the largest populated places contained only up to few hundred people.<sup id="cite_ref-partanen1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partanen1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the government fees and taxes were extremely high, only the 19 wealthiest prospectors were able to make claims and then employ the rest of the prospectors. The largest claims had 30–40 men, who worked for 11 hours per day, six days a week.<sup id="cite_ref-partanen1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partanen1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major claims produced some 10 kilograms of gold yearly, but the rush was over soon, as the gold started running out. In 1873, the government fees were cut in half and a year later a special law for the gold prospecting on the Tana River was passed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ivalo River area was almost abandoned in the early 1880s, and the few prospectors that were left moved to Sotajoki and to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laanila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laanila (page does not exist)">Laanila</a> village, located 10 kilometers east. In 1883–1884, the Kultala Crown Station was used by the professor <a href="/wiki/Selim_Lemstr%C3%B6m" title="Selim Lemström">Selim Lemström</a> for exploring the <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">northern lights</a>, until it was closed in 1900. During the 1920s, two companies were practicing industrial gold mining, but both went bankrupt within a few years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_gold_prospecting">Later gold prospecting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_gold_rush&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later gold prospecting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gold was also found in the Norwegian Lapland in the 1890s, but a rush never occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami people</a> from the Purnumukka village found gold from <a href="/wiki/Tankavaara" title="Tankavaara">Tankavaara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sodankyl%C3%A4" title="Sodankylä">Sodankylä</a>. The discovery attracted several Finnish prospectors, as well as some foreigners like the Swedish mining company <a href="/wiki/Boliden_AB" title="Boliden AB">Boliden AB</a> and the German architect Werner Thiede from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. Thiede later had some problems with the authorities and was deported in 1938. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Thiede served in the German Army in <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">occupied Norway</a> and returned to Tankavaara in 1944 as the Germans were building the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schutzwall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schutzwall (page does not exist)">Schutzwall</a> defensive line across the northeastern Lapland. As the German troops retreated, they destroyed all the gold mining facilities in Tankavaara, except the ones built by Thiede. Since the 1970s, the Tankavaara area has served as a tourist attraction, including restaurants, hotels, and a gold prospecting museum.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another minor rush in Lapland occurred in 1945 when gold was found in the <a href="/wiki/Lemmenjoki" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemmenjoki">Lemmenjoki</a> river. Today there are still around 20 prospectors and 50 claims at the <a href="/wiki/Lemmenjoki_National_Park" title="Lemmenjoki National Park">Lemmenjoki National Park</a>, producing more than 20 kilograms of gold every year. The 2011 mining act prohibits all mechanical mining until 2021, but manual <a href="/wiki/Gold_panning" title="Gold panning">gold panning</a> is still legal.<sup id="cite_ref-museum_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lapland_Gold_Rush_in_Culture">Lapland Gold Rush in Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_gold_rush&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lapland Gold Rush in Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lapland gold rushes have inspired several artists such as the novelist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvo_Ruonaniemi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvo Ruonaniemi (page does not exist)">Arvo Ruonaniemi</a> and the naivistic painter <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Alariesto" title="Andreas Alariesto">Andreas Alariesto</a>. The most notable films are the 1951 classic comedy <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=At_the_Rovaniemi_Fair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="At the Rovaniemi Fair (page does not exist)">At the Rovaniemi Fair</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jorma_Nortimo" title="Jorma Nortimo">Jorma Nortimo</a> and the 1999 drama <i><a href="/wiki/Gold_Fever_in_Lapland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Fever in Lapland">Gold Fever in Lapland</a></i> which is based on the 1870 Ivalo gold rush.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_gold_rush&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-museum-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-museum_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-museum_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultamuseo.fi/en/historia.htm">A SHORT GOLD HISTORY OF FINLAND</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030182609/http://www.kultamuseo.fi/en/historia.htm">Archived</a> 2016-10-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Gold Prospector Museum. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lapland.fi/en/lapland/nature/gold?textsize=2">Shining gold</a> Lapland – Above Ordinary. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-partanen1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-partanen1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-partanen1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-partanen1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultahippu.fi/tarinat-2/lapin-kullankaivun-historia/lapin-kullan-kimallus-elokuvan-taustoja/">Lapin kullan kimallus elokuvan taustoja</a> Kultahippu. Retrieved 29 September 2015. <span class="languageicon">(in Finnish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kultahippu.fi/tarinat-2/lapin-kullankaivun-historia/kullankaivu-toi-inarin-lapin-maailmankartalle/">Kullankaivu toi Inarin maailmankartalle</a> Kultahippu. Retrieved 29 September 2015. <span class="languageicon">(in Finnish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtk.fi/geologia/kiviharrastus/maakuntakivet/lappi.html">Maakuntakivet: Lappi - Kulta</a> Geological Survey of Finland. Retrieved 29 September 2015. <span class="languageicon">(in Finnish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lapland-travel-info.com/Lapland-gold.html">Lapland Gold Makes the Area a Nice Place For Gold Diggers and panners</a> Lapland Travel Info. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://productiondesign.fi/?page_id=293">GOLD FEAVER IN LAPLAND</a> Production Design. Retrieved 29 September 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapland_gold_rush&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gold_rushes_of_the_18th,_19th_and_20th_centuries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">Gold rushes</a> of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC33;;width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina Gold Rush">Carolina</a> (1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Gold_Rush" title="Georgia Gold Rush">Georgia</a> (1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike's Peak Gold Rush">Pike's Peak</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hills Gold Rush">Black Hills</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_Gold_Rush" title="Nome Gold Rush">Nome</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_Gold_Rush" title="Fairbanks Gold Rush">Fairbanks</a> (1902)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC33;;width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlottes_Gold_Rush" title="Queen Charlottes Gold Rush">Queen Charlottes</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon_Gold_Rush" title="Fraser Canyon Gold Rush">Fraser Canyon</a> (1858–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Gold_Rush" title="Rock Creek Gold Rush">Rock Creek</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similkameen_Gold_Rush" title="Similkameen Gold Rush">Similkameen</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stikine_Gold_Rush" title="Stikine Gold Rush">Stikine</a> (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariboo_Gold_Rush" title="Cariboo Gold Rush">Cariboo</a> (1861–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Scotia Gold Rush">Nova Scotia</a> (1861–1874, 1896–1903, 1932–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Horse_Creek_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Horse Creek Gold Rush">Wild Horse Creek</a> (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leechtown,_British_Columbia" title="Leechtown, British Columbia">Leechtown</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_Gold_Rush" title="Big Bend Gold Rush">Big Bend</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omineca_Gold_Rush" title="Omineca Gold Rush">Omineca</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiar_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassiar Gold Rush">Cassiar</a> (1871–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayoosh_Gold_Rush" title="Cayoosh Gold Rush">Cayoosh</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcupine_Gold_Rush" title="Porcupine Gold Rush">Porcupine</a> (1911)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC33;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_gold_rushes" title="Australian gold rushes">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_gold_rush" title="Victorian gold rush">Victorian</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_gold_rush" title="New South Wales gold rush">New South Wales</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_gold_rushes" title="Western Australian gold rushes">Western Australian</a> (1880s–1890s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC33;;width:1%">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otago_gold_rush" title="Otago gold rush">Otago</a> (1861–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_gold_rush" title="West Coast gold rush">West Coast</a> (1864–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Gold_Rushes" title="Coromandel Gold Rushes">Coromandel</a> (1860s–1870s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC33;;width:1%">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ouro_Preto" title="Ouro Preto">Ouro Preto, Brazil</a> (1750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_gold_rush" title="Tierra del Fuego gold rush">Tierra del Fuego (Chile-Argentina)</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serra_Pelada" title="Serra Pelada">Serra Pelada, Brazil</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC33;;width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wicklow_gold_rush" title="Wicklow gold rush">Wicklow, Ireland</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildonan_Gold_Rush" title="Kildonan Gold Rush">Kildonan, Scotland</a> (1869)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lapland, Finland</a> (1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFCC33;;width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand, South Africa</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakamega_gold_rush" title="Kakamega gold rush">Kakamega, Kenya</a> (1930s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFCC33;"><div>Part of a series on <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">Gold mining</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Financial_bubbles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Financial_bubbles" title="Template:Financial bubbles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Financial_bubbles" title="Template talk:Financial bubbles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Financial_bubbles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Financial bubbles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Financial_bubbles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economic_bubble" title="Economic bubble">Financial bubbles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Market_trend" title="Market trend">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_cycle" title="Credit cycle">Credit cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrational_exuberance" title="Irrational exuberance">Irrational exuberance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contagion" title="Social contagion">Social contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-estate_bubble" title="Real-estate bubble">Real-estate bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_market_bubble" title="Stock market bubble">Stock market bubble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_revolution" title="Commercial revolution">Commercial revolution</a><br />(1000–1760)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_mania" title="Tulip mania">Tulip mania</a> (1634–1637)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi bubble</a> (1684–1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Company" title="South Sea Company">South Sea bubble</a> (1711–1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Bubble_of_1769" title="Bengal Bubble of 1769">Bengal Bubble of 1769</a> (1757–1769)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">1st Industrial Revolution</a><br />(1760–1840)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Mania" title="Canal Mania">Canal Mania</a> (c. 1790–c. 1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_gold_rush" title="Carolina gold rush">Carolina gold rush</a> (1802–1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_real_estate_bubble_of_the_1810s" title="Alabama real estate bubble of the 1810s">1810s Alabama real estate bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Gold_Rush" title="Georgia Gold Rush">Georgia Gold Rush</a> (1828–c. 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_real_estate_bubble_of_the_1830s" title="Chicago real estate bubble of the 1830s">1830s Chicago real estate bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_silver_rush" title="Chilean silver rush">Chilean silver rush</a> (1830–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1840–1870</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Mania" title="Railway Mania">Railway Mania</a> (c. 1840–c. 1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a> (1848–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlottes_Gold_Rush" title="Queen Charlottes Gold Rush">Queen Charlottes Gold Rush</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_gold_rush" title="Victorian gold rush">Victorian gold rush</a> (1851–c. 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_gold_rush" title="New South Wales gold rush">New South Wales gold rush</a> (1851–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_gold_rushes" title="Australian gold rushes">Australian gold rushes</a> (1851–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Canyon_Gold_Rush" title="Fraser Canyon Gold Rush">Fraser Canyon Gold Rush</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak_gold_rush" title="Pike's Peak gold rush">Pike's Peak gold rush</a> (1858–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Gold_Rush" title="Rock Creek Gold Rush">Rock Creek Gold Rush</a> (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_oil_rush" title="Pennsylvania oil rush">Pennsylvania oil rush</a> (1859–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Similkameen_Gold_Rush" title="Similkameen Gold Rush">Similkameen Gold Rush</a> (1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stikine_Gold_Rush" title="Stikine Gold Rush">Stikine Gold Rush</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamboats_of_the_Colorado_River" title="Steamboats of the Colorado River">Colorado River mining boom</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_gold_rush" title="Otago gold rush">Otago gold rush</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cariboo_Gold_Rush" title="Cariboo Gold Rush">Cariboo Gold Rush</a> (1861–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Gold mining in Nova Scotia">First Nova Scotia Gold Rush</a> (1861–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_gold_rush" title="West Coast gold rush">West Coast gold rush</a> (1864–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_Gold_Rush" title="Big Bend Gold Rush">Big Bend Gold Rush</a> (c. 1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Lake_gold_rush" title="Vermilion Lake gold rush">Vermilion Lake gold rush</a> (1865–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildonan_Gold_Rush" title="Kildonan Gold Rush">Kildonan Gold Rush</a> (1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omineca_Gold_Rush" title="Omineca Gold Rush">Omineca Gold Rush</a> (1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">2nd Industrial Revolution</a><br />(1870–1914)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1870s Lapland gold rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Gold_Rushes" title="Coromandel Gold Rushes">Coromandel Gold Rushes</a> (c. 1870–c. 1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiar_Country" title="Cassiar Country">Cassiar Gold Rush</a> (c. 1870–c. 1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_gold_rush" title="Black Hills gold rush">Black Hills gold rush</a> (1874–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Silver_Boom" title="Colorado Silver Boom">Colorado Silver Boom</a> (1879–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_gold_rushes" title="Western Australian gold rushes">Western Australian gold rushes</a> (c. 1880–c. 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_gas_boom" title="Indiana gas boom">Indiana gas boom</a> (c. 1880–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Ohio" title="Petroleum industry in Ohio">Ohio oil rush</a> (c. 1880–c. 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_gold_rush" title="Tierra del Fuego gold rush">Tierra del Fuego gold rush</a> (1883–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayoosh_Gold_Rush" title="Cayoosh Gold Rush">Cayoosh Gold Rush</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witwatersrand_Gold_Rush" title="Witwatersrand Gold Rush">Witwatersrand Gold Rush</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encilhamento" title="Encilhamento">Encilhamento</a> (1886–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripple_Creek_Gold_Rush" title="Cripple Creek Gold Rush">Cripple Creek Gold Rush</a> (c. 1890–c. 1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike Gold Rush</a> (1896–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Gold mining in Nova Scotia">Second Nova Scotia Gold Rush</a> (1896–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobuk_River_Stampede" title="Kobuk River Stampede">Kobuk River Stampede</a> (1897–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baker_gold_rush" title="Mount Baker gold rush">Mount Baker gold rush</a> (1897–c. 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_Gold_Rush" title="Nome Gold Rush">Nome Gold Rush</a> (1899–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_Gold_Rush" title="Fairbanks Gold Rush">Fairbanks Gold Rush</a> (c. 1900–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_oil_boom" title="Texas oil boom">Texas oil boom</a> (1901–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_silver_rush" title="Cobalt silver rush">Cobalt silver rush</a> (1903–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcupine_Gold_Rush" title="Porcupine Gold Rush">Porcupine Gold Rush</a> (1909–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a><br />(1918–1939)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_land_boom_of_the_1920s" title="Florida land boom of the 1920s">1920s Florida land boom</a> (c. 1920–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_Gold_Rush" title="Fairbanks Gold Rush">Fairbanks Gold Rush</a> (1918–c. 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_oil_boom" title="Texas oil boom">Texas oil boom</a> (1918–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_silver_rush" title="Cobalt silver rush">Cobalt silver rush</a> (1918–c. 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcupine_Gold_Rush" title="Porcupine Gold Rush">Porcupine Gold Rush</a> (1918–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakamega_gold_rush" title="Kakamega gold rush">1930s Kakamega gold rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Gold mining in Nova Scotia">Third Nova Scotia Gold Rush</a> (1932–1942)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_economic_expansion" title="Post–World War II economic expansion">Post–WWII expansion</a><br />(1945–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_oil_boom" title="Texas oil boom">Texas oil boom</a> (1945–c. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcupine_Gold_Rush" title="Porcupine Gold Rush">Porcupine Gold Rush</a> (1945–c. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon_bubble" title="Poseidon bubble">Poseidon bubble</a> (1969–1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">The Great Inflation</a><br />(1973–1982)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s_commodities_boom" title="1970s commodities boom">1970s commodities boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_oil_boom" title="Mexican oil boom">Mexican oil boom</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Thursday" title="Silver Thursday">Silver Thursday</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_property_bubble" title="New Zealand property bubble">New Zealand property bubble</a> (c. 1980–1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Moderation" title="Great Moderation">Great Moderation</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Great_Regression" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Regression">Great Regression</a><br />(1982–2007)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980s_oil_glut" title="1980s oil glut">1980s oil glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_property_bubble" title="New Zealand property bubble">New Zealand property bubble</a> (1982–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_property_bubble" title="Spanish property bubble">Spanish property bubble</a> (1985–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a> (1986–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Dot-com bubble</a> (1995–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_housing_bubble" title="Baltic states housing bubble">Baltic states housing bubble</a> (2000–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_property_bubble" title="Irish property bubble">Irish property bubble</a> (c. 2000–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom" title="2000s commodities boom">2000s commodities boom</a> (2000–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_property_bubble_of_2000s" title="Danish property bubble of 2000s">2000s Danish property bubble</a> (2001–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_United_States_housing_bubble" title="2000s United States housing bubble">United States housing bubble</a> (2002–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_property_bubble" title="Romanian property bubble">Romanian property bubble</a> (2002–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_property_bubble" title="Polish property bubble">Polish property bubble</a> (2002–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_property_bubble" title="Canadian property bubble">Canadian property bubble</a> (2002–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_property_bubble_(2005%E2%80%932011)" title="Chinese property bubble (2005–2011)">Chinese property bubble</a> (2005–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_housing_bubble" title="Lebanese housing bubble">Lebanese housing bubble</a> (2005–2008)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_stock_bubble_of_2007" title="Chinese stock bubble of 2007">Chinese stock bubble of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_bubble_of_2007" title="Uranium bubble of 2007">Uranium bubble of 2007</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a><br />(2007–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom" title="2000s commodities boom">2000s commodities boom</a> (2008–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_housing_bubble" title="Lebanese housing bubble">Lebanese housing bubble</a> (2008–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_debt_bubble" title="Corporate debt bubble">Corporate debt bubble</a> (2008–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_property_bubble" title="Australian property bubble">Australian property bubble</a> (2010–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency_bubble" title="Cryptocurrency bubble">Cryptocurrency bubble</a> (2011–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bubble" title="Everything bubble">Everything bubble</a> (2020–21)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_bubble" title="Carbon bubble">Carbon bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bubble" title="Green bubble">Green bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_stock_bubble" title="Social media stock bubble">Social media stock bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn_bubble" title="Unicorn bubble">Unicorn bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">U.S. higher education bubble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lapland_gold_rush&params=68.50604_N_26.680836_E_scale:80000_region:FI"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">68°30′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°40′51″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">68.50604°N 26.680836°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">68.50604; 26.680836</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    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