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<meta name="description" content="Search results for: NaCl"> <meta name="keywords" content="NaCl"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" 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class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="NaCl"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 72</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: NaCl</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> 'Pink' Waxapple Response to Salinity: Growth and Nutrient Uptake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shang-Han%20Tsai">Shang-Han Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yong-Hong%20Lin"> Yong-Hong Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chung-Ruey%20Yen"> Chung-Ruey Yen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Waxapple (Syzygium samarngense Merr.et Perry) is an important tropical fruit in Taiwan. The famous producing area is located on the coast in Pingtung County. Land subsidence and climate change will tend to soil alkalization more seriously. This study was to evaluate the effects of NaCl in waxapple seedlings. NaCl salinity reduced waxapple shoot growth; it may due to reducing relative water content in leaf and new shoot. Leaf Cl and Na concentration were increased but K, Ca, and Mg content had no significant difference after irrigated with NaCl for six weeks. In roots, Na and Cl content increase significantly with 90 mM NaCl treatment, but K, Ca, and Mg content was reduced. 30-90mM Nacl treatment do not effect K/Na, Ca/Na and Mg/Na ratio, but decrease significantly in 90mM treatment in roots. The leaf and root electrolyte leakage were significantly affected by 90 mM NaCl treatment. Suggesting 90mM was optimum concentration for sieve out other tolerance waxapples verities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Growth" title="Growth">Growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NaCl%20stress" title=" NaCl stress"> NaCl stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nutrient" title=" Nutrient"> Nutrient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waxapple." title=" Waxapple."> Waxapple.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/pink-waxapple-response-to-salinity-growth-and-nutrient-uptake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Equilibrium Modeling of Cu and Ni Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Influence of Salinity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Bakal%C3%A1r">Tom谩拧 Bakal谩r</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Milan%20B%C3%BAgel"> Milan B煤gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Henrieta%20Pavolov%C3%A1"> Henrieta Pavolov谩</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study deals with evaluation of influence of salinity (NaCl) onto equilibrium of Cu and Ni removal from aqueous solutions by natural sorbent – zeolite. Equilibrium data were obtained by batch experiments. The salinity of the aqueous solution was influenced by dissolving NaCl in distilled water. It was studied in the range of NaCl concentrations from 1 g.l-1 to 100g.l-1. For Cu sorption there is a significant influence of salinity. The maximum capacity of zeolite for Cu was decreasing with growing concentration of NaCl. For Ni sorption there is not so significant influence of salinity as for Cu. The maximum capacity of zeolite for Ni was slightly decreasing with growing concentration of NaCl.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cu" title="Cu">Cu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ni" title=" Ni"> Ni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sorption" title=" sorption"> sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=zeolite." title=" zeolite."> zeolite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/equilibrium-modeling-of-cu-and-ni-removal-from-aqueous-solutions-influence-of-salinity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> The Effects of Sodium Chloride in the Formation of Size and Shape of Gold (Au)Nanoparticles by Microwave-Polyol Method for Mercury Adsorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mawarni%20F.%20Mohamad">Mawarni F. Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khairul%20S.N.%20Kamarudin"> Khairul S.N. Kamarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nik%20N.F.N.M.%20Fathilah"> Nik N.F.N.M. Fathilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20M.%20Salleh"> Mohamad M. Salleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mercury is a natural occurring element and present in various concentrations in the environment. Due to its toxic effects, it is desirable to research mercury sensitive materials to adsorb mercury. This paper describes the preparation of Au nanoparticles for mercury adsorption by using a microwave (MW)-polyol method in the presence of three different Sodium Chloride (NaCl) concentrations (10, 20 and 30 mM). Mixtures of spherical, triangular, octahedral, decahedral particles and 1-D product were obtained using this rapid method. Sizes and shapes was found strongly depend on the concentrations of NaCl. Without NaCl concentration, spherical, triangular plates, octahedral, decahedral nanoparticles and 1D product were produced. At the lower NaCl concentration (10 mM), spherical, octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were present, while spherical and decahedral nanoparticles were preferentially form by using 20 mM of NaCl concentration. Spherical, triangular plates, octahedral and decahedral nanoparticles were obtained at the highest NaCl concentration (30 mM). The amount of mercury adsorbed using 20 ppm mercury solution is the highest (67.5 %) for NaCl concentration of 30 mM. The high yield of polygonal particles will increase the mercury adsorption. In addition, the adsorption of mercury is also due to the sizes of the particles. The sizes of particles become smaller with increasing NaCl concentrations (size ranges, 5- 16 nm) than those synthesized without addition of NaCl (size ranges 11-32 nm). It is concluded that NaCl concentrations affects the formation of sizes and shapes of Au nanoparticles thus affects the mercury adsorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adsorption" title="Adsorption">Adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Au%20Nanoparticles" title=" Au Nanoparticles"> Au Nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mercury" title=" Mercury"> Mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SodiumChloride." title=" SodiumChloride."> SodiumChloride.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/the-effects-of-sodium-chloride-in-the-formation-of-size-and-shape-of-gold-aunanoparticles-by-microwave-polyol-method-for-mercury-adsorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3645</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Effect of Transglutaminase Cross Linking on the Functional Properties as a Function of NaCl Concentration of Legumes Protein Isolate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nahid%20A.%20Ali">Nahid A. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salma%20H.%20Ahmed"> Salma H. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ElShazali%20A.%20Mohamed"> ElShazali A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Isam%20A.%20Mohamed%20Ahmed"> Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elfadil%20E.Babiker"> Elfadil E.Babiker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of cross linking of the protein isolates of three legumes with the microbial enzyme transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) on the functional properties at different NaCl concentration was studied. The reduction in the total free amino groups (OD340) of the polymerized protein showed that TGase treatment cross-linking the protein subunit of each legume. The solubility of the protein polymer of each legume was greatly improved at high concentration of NaCl. At 1.2 M NaCl the solubility of the native legumes protein was significantly decreased but after polymerization slightly improved. Cross linked proteins were less turbid on heating to higher temperature as compared to native proteins and the temperature at which the protein turns turbid also increased in the polymerized proteins. The emulsifying and foaming properties of the protein polymer were greatly improved at all concentrations of NaCl for all legumes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Functional%20properties" title="Functional properties">Functional properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Legumes" title=" Legumes"> Legumes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Protein%20isolate" title=" Protein isolate"> Protein isolate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NaCl" title="NaCl">NaCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Transglutaminase." title=" Transglutaminase."> Transglutaminase.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/effect-of-transglutaminase-cross-linking-on-the-functional-properties-as-a-function-of-nacl-concentration-of-legumes-protein-isolate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Hydropriming and Osmopriming Effects on Cumin(Cuminum Cyminum L.) Seeds Germination</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Neamatollahi">E. Neamatollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Bannayan"> M. Bannayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Souhani%20Darban"> A. Souhani Darban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ghanbari"> A. Ghanbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In production of medicinal plants, seed germination is very important problem. The treated seeds (control, hydro priming and ZnSO4) of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) were evaluated at germination and seedling growth for tolerance to salt (NaCl and Na2SO4) conditions at the same water potentials of 0.0, -0.3, -0.6, - 0.9 and -1.2MPa. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl solutions were 0.0, 6.5, 12.7, 18.4 and 23.5 dSm-1, respectively. The objective of the study was to determine factors responsible for germination and early seedling growth due to salt toxicity or osmotic effect and to optimize the best priming treatment for these stress conditions. Results revealed that germination delayed in both solutions, having variable germination with different priming treatments. Germination, shoot and weight, root and shoot length were higher but mean germination time and abnormal germination percentage were lower in NaCl than Na2SO4 at the same water potential. The root / shoot weight and R/S length increased with increase in osmotic potential in both NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions. NaCl had less inhibitor effect on seedling growth than the germination. It was concluded that inhibition of germination at the same water potential of NaCl and Na2SO4 resulted from salt toxicity rather than osmotic effect. Hydro priming increased germination and seedling growth under salt stress. This protocol has practical importance and could be recommended to farmers to achieve higher germination and uniform emergence under field conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Priming" title="Priming">Priming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Germination" title=" Germination"> Germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nacl" title=" Nacl"> Nacl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnSo4" title=" ZnSo4"> ZnSo4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Na2So4." title=" Na2So4."> Na2So4.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/hydropriming-and-osmopriming-effects-on-cumincuminum-cyminum-l-seeds-germination" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> The Effect of Sodium Chloride and pH on the Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Essential Oils Against Pathogenic and Food Spoilage Bacteria:Implications in Food Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20O.%20Angienda">P. O. Angienda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D.%20J.%20Hill"> D. J. Hill</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The purpose of this study was to elucidate the factors affecting antimicrobial effectiveness of essential oils against food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the essential oils, were determined by turbidimetric technique using Biocreen C, analyzer. The effects of pH ranging from 7.3 to 5.5 in absence and presence of essential oils and/or NaCl on the lag time and mean generation time of the bacteria at 370C, were carried out and results were determined showed that, combination of low pH and essential oil at 370C had additive effects against the test micro-organisms. The combination of 1.2 % (w/v) of NaCl and clove essential oil at 0.0325% (v/v) was effective against E. coli. The use of concentrations less than MIC in combination with low pH and or NaCl has the potential of being used as an alternative to “traditional food preservatives".</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antimicrobial" title="Antimicrobial">Antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bacteria" title=" Bacteria"> Bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bioscreen%20C" title=" Bioscreen C"> Bioscreen C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=essential%20oil." title=" essential oil."> essential oil.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/the-effect-of-sodium-chloride-and-ph-on-the-antimicrobial-effectiveness-of-essential-oils-against-pathogenic-and-food-spoilage-bacteriaimplications-in-food-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4848</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Swelling Behaviour of Kappa Carrageenan Hydrogel in Neutral Salt Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sperisa%20Distantina">Sperisa Distantina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fadilah%20Fadilah"> Fadilah Fadilah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mujtahid%20Kaavessina"> Mujtahid Kaavessina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogel films were prepared from kappa carrageenan by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Carrageenan films extracted from <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em> seaweed were immersed in glutaraldehyde solution for 2 min and then cured at 110 °C for 25 min. The obtained crosslinked films were washed with ethanol to remove the unreacted glutaraldehyde and then air dried to constant weights. The aim of this research was to study the swelling degree behaviour of the hydrogel film to neutral salts solution, namely NaCl, KCl, and CaCl<sub>2</sub>. The results showed that swelling degree of crosslinked films varied non-monotonically with salinity of NaCl. Swelling degree decreased with the increasing of KCl concentration. Swelling degree of crosslinked film in CaCl<sub>2 </sub>solution was lower than that in NaCl and in KCl solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hydrogel" title="Hydrogel">Hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrageenan" title=" carrageenan"> carrageenan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=glutaraldehyde" title=" glutaraldehyde"> glutaraldehyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=salt." title=" salt."> salt.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/swelling-behaviour-of-kappa-carrageenan-hydrogel-in-neutral-salt-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Effects of Wastewater Strength and Salt Stress on Microalgal Biomass Production and Lipid Accumulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Praepilas%20Dujjanutat">Praepilas Dujjanutat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pakawadee%20Kaewkannetra"> Pakawadee Kaewkannetra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work aims to investigate a potential of microalgae for utilizing industrial wastewater as a cheap nutrient for their growth and oil accumulation. Wastewater was collected from the effluent ponds of agro-industrial factories (cassava and ethanol production plants). Only 2 microalgal strains were isolated and identified as Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella sp.. However, only S. quadricauda was selected to cultivate in various wastewater concentrations (10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%). The highest biomass obtained at 6.6脳106 and 6.27脳106 cells/ml when 60% wastewater was used in flask and photo-bioreactor. The cultures gave the highest lipid content at 18.58 % and 42.86% in cases of S. quadricauda and S. obliquus. In addition, under salt stress (1.0 M NaCl), S. obliquus demonstrated the highest lipid content at 50% which was much more than the case of no NaCl adding. However, the concentration of NaCl does not affect on lipid accumulation in case of S. quadricauda. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cassava%20wastewater" title="Cassava wastewater">Cassava wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cultivation" title=" cultivation"> cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=lipid%20accumulation" title=" lipid accumulation"> lipid accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/effects-of-wastewater-strength-and-salt-stress-on-microalgal-biomass-production-and-lipid-accumulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Effects of PEG and NaCl Stress on Two Cultivars of Corn (Zea mays L.) at Germination and Early Seedling Stages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Farsiani">A. Farsiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20E.%20Ghobadi"> M. E. Ghobadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To study on effect of PEG and NaCl stress on germination and early seedling stages on two cultivar of corn, two separated experiment were laid out at physiology laboratory, faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2009. This investigation was performed as factorial experiment under Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Cultivar factor contains of two varieties (sweet corn SC403 and Flint corn SC704) and five levels of stress (0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 bar). The principal aim of current study was to compare the two varieties of maize in relative to the stress conditions. Results indicated that significant decrease was observed in percentage of germination, germination rate, length of radicle and plumule and radicle and plumule dry matter. On the basis of the results, NaCl as compared with PEG had more effect on germination and early seedling stage and sweet corn had more resistant than flint corn in both stress conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Corn" title="Corn">Corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Early%20Seedling%20Stage" title=" Early Seedling Stage"> Early Seedling Stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Germination" title=" Germination"> Germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PEG%20andNaCl%20Stress." title=" PEG andNaCl Stress."> PEG andNaCl Stress.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/effects-of-peg-and-nacl-stress-on-two-cultivars-of-corn-zea-mays-l-at-germination-and-early-seedling-stages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2744</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Adaptive Responses of Carum copticum to in vitro Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Razavizadeh">R. Razavizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Adabavazeh"> F. Adabavazeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Rezaee%20Chermahini"> M. Rezaee Chermahini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Salinity is one of the most widespread agricultural problems in arid and semi-arid areas that limits the plant growth and crop productivity. In this study, the salt stress effects on protein, reducing sugar, proline contents and antioxidant enzymes activities of <em>Carum copticum</em> L. under <em>in vitro</em> conditions were studied. Seeds of <em>C. copticum</em> were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl and calli were cultured in MS medium containing 1 μM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4 μM benzyl amino purine and different levels of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mM). After NaCl treatment for 28 days, the proline and reducing sugar contents of shoots, roots and calli increased significantly in relation to the severity of the salt stress. The highest amount of proline and carbohydrate were observed at 150 and 100 mM NaCl, respectively. The reducing sugar accumulation in shoots was the highest as compared to roots, whereas, proline contents did not show any significant difference in roots and shoots under salt stress. The results showed significant reduction of protein contents in seedlings and calli. Based on these results, proteins extracted from the shoots, roots and calli of <em>C. copticum</em> treated with 150 mM NaCl showed the lowest contents. The positive relationships were observed between activity of antioxidant enzymes and the increase in stress levels. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly under salt concentrations in comparison to the control. These results suggest that the accumulation of proline and sugars, and activation of antioxidant enzymes play adaptive roles in the adaptation of seedlings and callus of <em>C. copticum</em> to saline conditions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antioxidant%20enzymes" title="Antioxidant enzymes">Antioxidant enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carum%20copticum" title=" Carum copticum"> Carum copticum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=organic%20solutes" title=" organic solutes"> organic solutes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=salt%20stress." title=" salt stress. "> salt stress. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/adaptive-responses-of-carum-copticum-to-in-vitro-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1042</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Development of a Process to Manufacture High Quality Refined Salt from Crude Solar Salt </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rathnayaka%20D.%20D.%20T.">Rathnayaka D. D. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vidanage%20P.%20W."> Vidanage P. W.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wasalathilake%20K.%20C."> Wasalathilake K. C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wickramasingha%20H.%20W."> Wickramasingha H. W.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wijayarathne%20U.%20P.%20L"> Wijayarathne U. P. L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Perera%20S.%20A.%20S."> Perera S. A. S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">This paper describes the research carried out to develop a process to increase the NaCl percentage of crude salt which is obtained from the conventional solar evaporation process. In this study refined salt was produced from crude solar salt by a chemico-physical method which consists of coagulation, precipitation and filtration. Initially crude salt crystals were crushed and dissolved in water. Optimum amounts of calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and Polyaluminiumchloride (PAC) were added to the solution respectively. <o:p></o:p></p> <p class="Abstract" style="margin-top:0cm;text-indent:10.2pt">Refined NaCl solution was separated out by a filtration process. The solution was tested for Total Suspended Solids, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>. With optimum dosage of reagents, the results showed that a level of 99.60% NaCl could be achieved. Further this paper discusses the economic viability of the proposed process. A 83% profit margin can be achieved by this process and it is an increase of 112.3% compared to the traditional process.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chemico-physical" title="Chemico-physical">Chemico-physical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Economic" title=" Economic"> Economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimum" title=" Optimum"> Optimum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Refined" title=" Refined"> Refined</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solar%20Salt." title=" Solar Salt."> Solar Salt.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/development-of-a-process-to-manufacture-high-quality-refined-salt-from-crude-solar-salt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Revea Ling Casein Micelle Dispersion under Various Ranges of Nacl: Evolution of Particles Size and Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raza%20Hussain">Raza Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Claire%20Gaiani"> Claire Gaiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jo%C3%ABl%20Scher"> Jo毛l Scher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dispersions of casein micelles (CM) were studied at a constant protein concentration of 5 wt % in high NaCl environment ranging from 0% to 12% by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The rehydration profiles obtained were interpreted in term of wetting, swelling and dispersion stages by using a turbidity method. Two behaviours were observed depending on the salt concentration. The first behaviour (low salt concentration) presents a typical rehydration profile with a significant change between 3 and 6% NaCl indicating quick wetting, swelling and long dispersion stage. On the opposite, the dispersion stage of the second behaviour (high salt concentration) was significantly shortened indicating a strong modification of the protein backbone. A salt increase result to a destabilization of the micelle and the formation of mini-micelles more or less aggregated indicating an average micelles size ranging from 100 to 200 nm. For the first time, the estimations of secondary structural elements (irregular, 脽-sheet, 伪-helix and turn) by the Amide III assignments were correlated with results from Amide I. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Casein" title="Casein">Casein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DLS" title=" DLS"> DLS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ionic%20environment." title=" Ionic environment."> Ionic environment.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/revea-ling-casein-micelle-dispersion-under-various-ranges-of-nacl-evolution-of-particles-size-and-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1876</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Effect of Nutrient Induced Salinity on Growth, Membrane Permeability, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Proline Content and Macronutrient Concentrations of Tomato Grown in Greenhouse</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Figen%20Eraslan">Figen Eraslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdel%20Karim%20Hassan%20Awad%20Elkarim"> Abdel Karim Hassan Awad Elkarim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ayd%C4%B1n%20Gunes"> Ayd谋n Gunes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Inal"> Ali Inal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of nutrients induced salinity on the growth, membrane permeability, nitrate reductase activity, proline content and macronutrient concentrations of tomato plants. The plants were subjected to six different treatments: 1 (control) containing basic solution, 2 basic solution+40mM of NaCl, 3 basic solution+40 mM of KNO3, 4 basic solution+20 mM of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, 5 basic solution+20 mM of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O and 6 basic solution+20 mM of KNO3+5 mM of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O+5 mM of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O. Membrane permeability was increased significantly only with addition of NaCl, and then decreased to its lower level with addition of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O. Proline accumulation were followed the same trend of results when they had been exposed to NaCl salinity. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was significantly affected by addition of different types of nutrient induced salinity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Membrane%20Permeability" title="Membrane Permeability">Membrane Permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nitrate%20Reductase%20Activity" title=" Nitrate Reductase Activity"> Nitrate Reductase Activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nutrient%20induced%20salinity" title=" Nutrient induced salinity"> Nutrient induced salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Proline." title=" Proline."> Proline.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/effect-of-nutrient-induced-salinity-on-growth-membrane-permeability-nitrate-reductase-activity-proline-content-and-macronutrient-concentrations-of-tomato-grown-in-greenhouse" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2645</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Preserving Melon by Osmotic Dehydration in a Ternary System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Aminzadeh">R. Aminzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abarzani"> M. Abarzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20Sargolzaei"> J. Sargolzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, the kinetics of osmotic dehydration of melons (Tille variety) in a ternary system followed by air-drying for preserving melons in the summer to be used in the winter were investigated. The effect of different osmotic solution concentrations 30, 40 and 50% (w/w) of sucrose with 10% NaCl salt and fruit to solution ratios 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6 on the mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration of melon in ternary solution namely sucrosesalt- water followed by air-drying were studied. The diffusivity of water during air-drying was enhanced after the fruit samples were immersed in the osmotic solution after 60 min. Samples non-treated and pre-treated during one hour in osmotic solutions with 60% (w/w) of sucrose with 10% NaCl salt and fruit to solution ratio of 1:4 were dried in a hot air-dryer at 60oC (2 m/s) until equilibrium was achieved.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Air%20drying" title="Air drying">Air drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Effective%20diffusion%20coefficient" title=" Effective diffusion coefficient"> Effective diffusion coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mass%20transfer%20kinetic" title=" Mass transfer kinetic"> Mass transfer kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Melon" title=" Melon"> Melon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osmotic%20dehydration." title=" Osmotic dehydration."> Osmotic dehydration.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/preserving-melon-by-osmotic-dehydration-in-a-ternary-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Proteolytic Dedradation of Anchovy (Spolephorus spp.) Proteins by Halophilic Proteinase from Halobacillus sp. SR5-3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sirilak%20Namwong">Sirilak Namwong </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wonnop%20Visessanguan"> Wonnop Visessanguan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soottawat%20Benjakul"> Soottawat Benjakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Somboon%20Tanasupawat"> Somboon Tanasupawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The halophilic proteinase showed a maximal activity at 50掳C and pH 9~10, in 20% NaCl and was highly stabilized by NaCl. It was able to hydrolyse natural actomyosin (NAM), collagen and anchovy protein. For NAM hydrolysis, the myosin heavy chain was completely digested by halophilic proteinase as evidenced by the lowest band intensity remaining, but partially hydrolysed actin. The SR5-3 proteinase was also capable hydrolyzing two major components of collagen, 尾- and 伪-compounds, effectively. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the halophilic proteinase and commercial proteinases (Novozyme, Neutrase, chymotrypsin and Flavourzyme) on the anchovy protein, were compared, and it was found that the proteinase showed a greater degree of hydrolysis towards anchovy protein than that from commercial proteinases. DH of halophilic proteinase was sharply enhanced according to the increase in the concentration of enzyme from 0.035 U to 0.105 U. The results warranting that the acceleration of the production of fish sauce with higher quality, may be achieved by adding of the halophilic proteinase from this bacterium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Halophilic%20proteinase" title="Halophilic proteinase">Halophilic proteinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Halobacillus%20sp.%20SR5-3" title=" Halobacillus sp. SR5-3"> Halobacillus sp. SR5-3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=anchovy%20%28Spolephorus%20spp.%29%20proteins" title=" anchovy (Spolephorus spp.) proteins"> anchovy (Spolephorus spp.) proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fish%20sauce" title=" fish sauce"> fish sauce</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/proteolytic-dedradation-of-anchovy-spolephorus-spp-proteins-by-halophilic-proteinase-from-halobacillus-sp-sr5-3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> NaCl Erosion-Corrosion of Mild Steel under Submerged Impingement Jet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Sadique">M. Sadique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Ainane"> S. Ainane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Y.%20F.%20Yap"> Y. F. Yap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Rostron"> P. Rostron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20Al%20Hajri"> E. Al Hajri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The presence of sand in production lines in the oil and gas industries causes material degradation due to erosion-corrosion. The material degradation caused by erosion-corrosion in pipelines can result in a high cost of monitoring and maintenance and in major accidents. The process of erosion-corrosion consists of erosion, corrosion, and their interactions. Investigating and understanding how the erosion-corrosion process affects the degradation process in certain materials will allow for a reduction in economic loss and help prevent accidents. In this study, material loss due to erosion-corrosion of mild steel under impingement of sand-laden water at 90藲 impingement angle is investigated using a submerged impingement jet (SIJ) test. In particular, effects of jet velocity and sand loading on TWL due to erosion-corrosion, weight loss due to pure erosion and erosion-corrosion interactions, at a temperature of 29-33 °C in sea water environment (3.5% NaCl), are analyzed. The results show that the velocity and sand loading have a great influence on the removal of materials, and erosion is more dominant under all conditions studied. Changes in the surface characteristics of the specimen after impingement test are also discussed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erosion-corrosion" title="Erosion-corrosion">Erosion-corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flow%20velocity" title=" flow velocity"> flow velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=jet%20impingement" title=" jet impingement"> jet impingement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sand%20loading." title=" sand loading."> sand loading.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/nacl-erosion-corrosion-of-mild-steel-under-submerged-impingement-jet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1607</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Dexamethasone: Impact on Testicular Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Sadi-Guettaf">H. Sadi-Guettaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F.%20Hadj%20Bekkouche"> F. Hadj Bekkouche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Dexamethasone (Dex) is a synthetic glucocorticoid that is used in therapy. However prolonged treatments with high doses are often required. This causes side effects that interfere with the activity of several endocrine systems, including the gonadotropic axis. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of Dex on testicular function in prepubertal Wistar rats. Newborn Wistar rats are submitted to intraperitoneal injection of Dex (1μg of Dex dissolved in NaCl 0.9% / 5g bw) for 20 days and then sacrificed at the age of 40days. A control group received NaCl 0.9%. The rat is weighed daily. The plasmatic levels of testosterone, LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. A histomorphometric study was performed on sections of testis. Treated groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (p < 0.05), testis weight (p < 0.05) and plasma levels of testosterone (p < 0.05), of LH (P < .05) and FSH (p> 0.05). There is a reduction of seminiferous tubules average diameter and also of the seminiferous epithelium thickness with an increasing of lumen tubular. The diameter of the Leydig cells and Sertoli cell nucleus is also significantly reduced. Spermatogenesis is blocked at the stage round spermatid unlike witnesses or elongated spermatid stage is found. These results suggest that Dex administered during neonatal life influences testicular activity in the long term.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FSH" title=" FSH"> FSH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LH" title=" LH"> LH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=testis" title=" testis"> testis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=testosterone." title=" testosterone."> testosterone.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/dexamethasone-impact-on-testicular-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2011</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Growth Behaviors, Thermostable Direct Hemolysin Secretion and Fatty Acid Profiles of Acid-adapted and Non-adapted Vibrio parahaemolyticus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ming-Lun%20Chiang">Ming-Lun Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chieh%20Wu"> Chieh Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ming-Ju%20Chen"> Ming-Ju Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Three strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (690, BCRC 13023 and BCRC 13025) implicated in food poisoning outbreaks in Taiwan were subjected to acid adaptation at pH 5.5 for 90 min. The growth behaviors of acid-adapted and non-adapted V. parahaemolyticus in the media supplemented with various nitrogen and carbon sources were investigated. The effects of acid adaptation on the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) secretion and fatty acid profiles of V. parahaemolyticus were also examined. Results showed that acid-adapted and non-adapted V. parahaemolyticus 690, BCRC 13023 and BCRC 13025 grew similarly in TSB-3% NaCl and basal media supplemented with various carbon and nitrogen sources during incubation period. Higher TDH secretion was noted with V. parahaemolyticus 690 among the three strains. However, acid-adapted strains produced less amounts of TDH than non-adapted strains when they were grown in TSB-3% NaCl. Additionally, acid adaptation increased the ratio of SFA/USFA in cells of V. parahaemolyticus strains.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vibrio%20parahaemolyticus" title="Vibrio parahaemolyticus">Vibrio parahaemolyticus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=acid%20adaptation" title=" acid adaptation"> acid adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermostable%20direct%20hemolysin" title=" thermostable direct hemolysin"> thermostable direct hemolysin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fatty%20acid%20profile." title=" fatty acid profile."> fatty acid profile.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/growth-behaviors-thermostable-direct-hemolysin-secretion-and-fatty-acid-profiles-of-acid-adapted-and-non-adapted-vibrio-parahaemolyticus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Comparison between Conventional Bacterial and Algal-Bacterial Aerobic Granular Sludge Systems in the Treatment of Saline Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Philip%20Semaha">Philip Semaha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhongfang%20Lei"> Zhongfang Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ziwen%20Zhao"> Ziwen Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sen%20Liu"> Sen Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhenya%20Zhang"> Zhenya Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kazuya%20Shimizu"> Kazuya Shimizu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing generation of saline wastewater through various industrial activities is becoming a global concern for activated sludge (AS) based biological treatment which is widely applied in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As for the AS process, an increase in wastewater salinity has negative impact on its overall performance. The advent of conventional aerobic granular sludge (AGS) or bacterial AGS biotechnology has gained much attention because of its superior performance. The development of algal-bacterial AGS could enhance better nutrients removal, potentially reduce aeration cost through symbiotic algae-bacterial activity, and thus, can also reduce overall treatment cost. Nonetheless, the potential of salt stress to decrease biomass growth, microbial activity and nutrient removal exist. Up to the present, little information is available on saline wastewater treatment by algal-bacterial AGS. To the authors’ best knowledge, a comparison of the two AGS systems has not been done to evaluate nutrients removal capacity in the context of salinity increase. This study sought to figure out the impact of salinity on the algal-bacterial AGS system in comparison to bacterial AGS one, contributing to the application of AGS technology in the real world of saline wastewater treatment. In this study, the salt concentrations tested were 0 g/L, 1 g/L, 5 g/L, 10 g/L and 15 g/L of NaCl with 24-hr artificial illuminance of approximately 97.2 µmol m¯²s¯¹, and mature bacterial and algal-bacterial AGS were used for the operation of two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with a working volume of 0.9 L each, respectively. The results showed that salinity increase caused no apparent change in the color of bacterial AGS; while for algal-bacterial AGS, its color was progressively changed from green to dark green. A consequent increase in granule diameter and fluffiness was observed in the bacterial AGS reactor with the increase of salinity in comparison to a decrease in algal-bacterial AGS diameter. However, nitrite accumulation peaked from 1.0 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L at 1 g/L NaCl in the bacterial and algal-bacterial AGS systems, respectively to 9.8 mg/L in both systems when NaCl concentration varied from 5 g/L to 15 g/L. Almost no ammonia nitrogen was detected in the effluent except at 10 g/L NaCl concentration, where it averaged 4.2 mg/L and 2.4 mg/L, respectively, in the bacterial and algal-bacterial AGS systems. Nutrients removal in the algal-bacterial system was relatively higher than the bacterial AGS in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus removals. Nonetheless, the nutrient removal rate was almost 50% or lower. Results show that algal-bacterial AGS is more adaptable to salinity increase and could be more suitable for saline wastewater treatment. Optimization of operation conditions for algal-bacterial AGS system would be important to ensure its stably high efficiency in practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Algal-bacterial%20aerobic%20granular%20sludge" title="Algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge">Algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bacterial%20aerobic%20granular%20sludge" title=" bacterial aerobic granular sludge"> bacterial aerobic granular sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nutrients%20removal" title=" nutrients removal"> nutrients removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=saline%20wastewater" title=" saline wastewater"> saline wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sequencing%20batch%20reactor." title=" sequencing batch reactor."> sequencing batch reactor.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/comparison-between-conventional-bacterial-and-algal-bacterial-aerobic-granular-sludge-systems-in-the-treatment-of-saline-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011387.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Comparative Studies of the Effects of Microstructures on the Corrosion Behavior of Micro-Alloyed Steels in Unbuffered 3.5 Wt% NaCl Saturated with CO2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lawrence%20I.%20Onyeji">Lawrence I. Onyeji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Girish%20M.%20Kale"> Girish M. Kale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Bijan%20Kermani"> M. Bijan Kermani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Corrosion problem which exists in every stage of oil and gas production has been a great challenge to the operators in the industry. The conventional carbon steel with all its inherent advantages has been adjudged susceptible to the aggressive corrosion environment of oilfield. This has aroused increased interest in the use of micro alloyed steels for oil and gas production and transportation. The corrosion behavior of three commercially supplied micro alloyed steels designated as A, B, and C have been investigated with API 5L X65 as reference samples. Electrochemical corrosion tests were conducted in an unbuffered 3.5 wt% NaCl solution saturated with CO<sub>2</sub> at 30 <sup>0</sup>C for 24 hours. Pre-corrosion analyses revealed that samples A, B and X65 consist of ferrite-pearlite microstructures but with different grain sizes, shapes and distribution whereas sample C has bainitic microstructure with dispersed acicular ferrites. The results of the electrochemical corrosion tests showed that within the experimental conditions, the corrosion rate of the samples can be ranked as CR<sub>(A)</sub>< CR<sub>(X65)</sub>< CR<sub>(B)</sub>< CR<sub>(C)</sub>. These results are attributed to difference in microstructures of the samples as depicted by ASTM grain size number in accordance with ASTM E112-12 Standard and ferrite-pearlite volume fractions determined by ImageJ Fiji grain size analysis software.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20dioxide%20corrosion" title="Carbon dioxide corrosion">Carbon dioxide corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=corrosion%20behavior" title=" corrosion behavior"> corrosion behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=micro-alloyed%20steel" title=" micro-alloyed steel"> micro-alloyed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microstructures." title=" microstructures. "> microstructures. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/comparative-studies-of-the-effects-of-microstructures-on-the-corrosion-behavior-of-micro-alloyed-steels-in-unbuffered-35-wt-nacl-saturated-with-co2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Effect of Pre-drying Treatments on Quality Characteristics of Dehydrated Tomato Slices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharareh%20Mohseni">Sharareh Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reihaneh%20Ahmadzadeh%20Ghavidel"> Reihaneh Ahmadzadeh Ghavidel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Tomato powder has good potential as substitute of tomato paste and other tomato products. In order to protect physicochemical properties and nutritional quality of tomato during dehydration process, investigation was carried out using different drying methods and pretreatments. Solar drier and continuous conveyor (tunnel) drier were used for dehydration where as calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium metabisulphite (KMS), calcium chloride and potassium metabisulphite (CaCl2 +KMS), and sodium chloride (NaCl) selected for treatment.. lycopene content, dehydration ratio, rehydration ratio and non-enzymatic browning in addition to moisture, sugar and titrable acidity were studied. Results show that pre-treatment with CaCl2 and NaCl increased water removal and moisture mobility in tomato slices during drying of tomatoes. Where CaCl2 used along with KMS the NEB was recorded the least compared to other treatments and the best results were obtained while using the two chemicals in combination form. Storage studies in LDPE polymeric and metalized polyesters films showed less changes in the products packed in metallized polyester pouches and even after 6 months lycopene content did not decrease more than 20% as compared to the control sample and provide extension of shelf life in acceptable condition for 6 months. In most of the quality characteristics tunnel drier samples presented better values in comparison to solar drier.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dehydration" title="Dehydration">Dehydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tomato%20powder" title=" Tomato powder"> Tomato powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lycopene" title=" Lycopene"> Lycopene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Browning" title=" Browning"> Browning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/effect-of-pre-drying-treatments-on-quality-characteristics-of-dehydrated-tomato-slices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Studies on Physiochemical Properties of Tomato Powder as Affected by Different Dehydration Methods and Pretreatments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Reihaneh%20Ahmadzadeh%20Ghavidel">Reihaneh Ahmadzadeh Ghavidel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mehdi%20Ghiafeh%20Davoodi"> Mehdi Ghiafeh Davoodi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Tomato powder has good potential as substitute of tomato paste and other tomato products. In order to protect physicochemical properties and nutritional quality of tomato during dehydration process, investigation was carried out using different drying methods and pretreatments. Solar drier and continuous conveyor (tunnel) drier were used for dehydration where as calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium metabisulphite (KMS), calcium chloride and potassium metabisulphite (CaCl2 +KMS), and sodium chloride (NaCl) selected for treatment.. lycopene content, dehydration ratio, rehydration ratio and non-enzymatic browning in addition to moisture, sugar and titrable acidity were studied. Results show that pre-treatment with CaCl2 and NaCl increased water removal and moisture mobility in tomato slices during drying of tomatoes. Where CaCl2 used along with KMS the NEB was recorded the least compared to other treatments and the best results were obtained while using the two chemicals in combination form. Storage studies in LDPE polymeric and metalized polyesters films showed less changes in the products packed in metallized polyester pouches and even after 6 months lycopene content did not decrease more than 20% as compared to the control sample and provide extension of shelf life in acceptable condition for 6 months. In most of the quality characteristics tunnel drier samples presented better values in comparison to solar drier.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dehydration" title="Dehydration">Dehydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tomato%20powder" title=" Tomato powder"> Tomato powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lycopene" title=" Lycopene"> Lycopene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Browning" title=" Browning"> Browning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/studies-on-physiochemical-properties-of-tomato-powder-as-affected-by-different-dehydration-methods-and-pretreatments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4026</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> First-Principles Investigation of the Structural and Electronic Properties of Mg1-xBixO</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G.%20P.%20Abdel%20Rahim">G. P. Abdel Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Guadalupe%20Moreno%20Armenta"> M. Mar铆a Guadalupe Moreno Armenta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jairo%20Arbey%20Rodriguez"> Jairo Arbey Rodriguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigated the structure and electronic properties of the compound Mg1-xBixO with varying concentrations of 0, 录, 陆, and 戮 x bismuth in the the cesium chloride (CsCl), zinc-blende (ZnS), nickel arsenide (NiAs) NaCl (rock-salt) and WZ (wurtzite) phases. We calculated. The calculations were performed using the first-principles pseudo-potential method within the framework of spin density functional theory (DFT). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mg1-xBixO" title=" Mg1-xBixO"> Mg1-xBixO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pseudo-potential" title=" pseudo-potential"> pseudo-potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rock-salt%20and%0D%0Awurtzite." title=" rock-salt and wurtzite."> rock-salt and wurtzite.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/first-principles-investigation-of-the-structural-and-electronic-properties-of-mg1-xbixo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2098</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Evaluation of Corrosion by Impedance Spectroscopy of Embedded Steel in an Alternative Concrete Exposed to the Chloride Ion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erika%20J.%20Ru%C3%ADz">Erika J. Ru铆z</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jairo%20R.%20Cortes"> Jairo R. Cortes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Willian%20A.%20Aperador"> Willian A. Aperador</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this article was evaluated the protective effect of the alternative concrete obtained from the binary mixture of fly ash, and iron and steel slag. After mixing the cement with aggregates, structural steel was inserted in the matrix cementitious. The study was conducted comparatively with specimens exposed to natural conditions free of chloride ion. The chloride ion effect on the specimens accelerated under controlled conditions (3.5% NaCl and 25°C temperature). The impedance data were acquired in a range of 1 mHz to 100 kHz.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alternative%20concrete" title="Alternative concrete">Alternative concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=alkaline%20activation." title=" alkaline activation."> alkaline activation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/evaluation-of-corrosion-by-impedance-spectroscopy-of-embedded-steel-in-an-alternative-concrete-exposed-to-the-chloride-ion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Evaluation of Droplet Sizes from Video Images for Metal Working Fluids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Hac%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu">R. Hac谋o臒lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Gen%C3%A7"> A. Gen莽</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Bak%C4%B1rc%C4%B1"> B. Bak谋rc谋</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Metal working fluids were used in the preparation of oil in water emulsions. The size of oil droplets were evaluated by using the analysis of video images taken from the zeta potential measurements. The evaluated size distributions for emulsions were also tested by microscopic analysis. In addition, emulsion stabilities were discussed depending on electrolyte concentration and pH. The results showed that the stability of oil emulsions was strongly related to pH and the concentration of CaCl<sub>2</sub>. However, the same dependency was not observed for NaCl.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Droplet%20size%20distribution" title="Droplet size distribution">Droplet size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emulsion%20stability" title=" emulsion stability"> emulsion stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=o%2Fw%20emulsions" title=" o/w emulsions"> o/w emulsions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=video%20images." title=" video images."> video images.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/evaluation-of-droplet-sizes-from-video-images-for-metal-working-fluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1841</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Preparation of Nanosized Iron Oxide and their Photocatalytic Properties for Congo Red</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Akram%20Hosseinian">Akram Hosseinian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hourieh%20Rezaei"> Hourieh Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Reza%20Mahjoub"> Ali Reza Mahjoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanostructured Iron Oxide with different morphologies of rod-like and granular have been suc-cessfully prepared via a solid-state reaction in the presence of NaCl, NaBr, NaI and NaN3, respectively. The added salts not only prevent a drastic increase in the size of the products but also provide suitable conditions for the oriented growth of primary nanoparticles. The formation mechanisms of these materials by solid-state reaction at ambient temperature are proposed. The photocatalytic experiments for congo red (CR) have demonstrated that the mixture of 伪-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanostructures were more efficient than 伪-Fe2O3 nanostructures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nano" title="Nano">Nano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Iron%20Oxide" title=" Iron Oxide"> Iron Oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solid-State" title=" Solid-State"> Solid-State</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Halide%20salts" title=" Halide salts"> Halide salts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Congored" title=" Congored"> Congored</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/preparation-of-nanosized-iron-oxide-and-their-photocatalytic-properties-for-congo-red" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Heat Transfer at Convective Solid Melting in Fixed Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stelian%20Petrescu">Stelian Petrescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adina%20Frunz%C3%A2"> Adina Frunz芒</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Camelia%20Petrescu"> Camelia Petrescu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A method to determine experimentally the melting rate, rm, and the heat transfer coefficients, 伪v (W/(m3K)), at convective melting in a fixed bed of particles under adiabatic regime is established in this paper. The method lies in the determining of the melting rate by measuring the fixed bed height in time. Experimental values of rm, 伪 and 伪 v were determined using cylindrical particles of ice (d = 6.8 mm, h = 5.5 mm) and, as a melting agent, aqueous NaCl solution with a temperature of 283 K at different values of the liquid flow rate (11.63路10-6, 28.83路10-6, 38.83路10-6 m3/s). Our experimental results were compared with those existing in literature being noticed a good agreement for Re values higher than 50. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Convective%20melting" title="Convective melting">Convective melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fixed%20bed" title=" fixed bed"> fixed bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=packed%20bed" title=" packed bed"> packed bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ice%20melting." title=" ice melting."> ice melting.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/heat-transfer-at-convective-solid-melting-in-fixed-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1825</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Determination of Alkaline Protease Production In Serratia Marcescens Sp7 Using Agro Wastes As Substrate Medium, Optimization Of Production Parameters And Purification Of The Enzyme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Baby%20Joseph">Baby Joseph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sankarganesh%20Palaniyandi"> Sankarganesh Palaniyandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The enzyme alkaline protease production was determined under solid state fermentation using the soil bacteria Serratia marcescens sp7. The maximum production was obtained from wheat bran medium than ground nut shell and chemically defined medium. The physiological fermentation factors such as pH of the medium (pH 8), Temperature (40oC) and incubation time (48 hrs) played a vital role in alkaline protease production in all the above. 100Mm NaCl has given better resolution during elution of the enzymes. The enzyme production was found to be associated with growth of the bacterial culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alkaline%20protease" title="Alkaline protease">Alkaline protease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wheat%20bran" title=" Wheat bran"> Wheat bran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ground%20nut%20shell" title=" Ground nut shell"> Ground nut shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Serratia%20marcescens" title="Serratia marcescens">Serratia marcescens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/determination-of-alkaline-protease-production-in-serratia-marcescens-sp7-using-agro-wastes-as-substrate-medium-optimization-of-production-parameters-and-purification-of-the-enzyme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Bioconversion of Oranges Wastes for Pectinase Production Using Aspergillus niger under Solid State Fermentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Hachemi">N. Hachemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Nouani"> A. Nouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Benchabane"> A. Benchabane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The influence of cultivation factors such as content of ammonium sulfate, glucose and water in the culture medium and particle size of dry orange waste, on their bioconversion for pectinase production was studied using complete factorial design. A polygalacturonase (PG) was isolated using ion exchange chromatography under gradient elution 0-0,5 m/l NaCl (column equilibrate with acetate buffer pH 4,5), subsequently by sephadex G75 column chromatography was applied and the molecular weight was obtained about 51,28 KDa. Purified PG enzyme exhibits a pH and temperature optima of activity at 5 and 35°C respectively. Treatment of apple juice by purified enzyme extract yielded a clear juice, which was competitive with juice yielded by pure Sigma Aldrich Aspergillus niger enzyme.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bioconversion" title="Bioconversion">Bioconversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orange%20wastes" title=" orange wastes"> orange wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pectinase." title=" pectinase."> pectinase.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/bioconversion-of-oranges-wastes-for-pectinase-production-using-aspergillus-niger-under-solid-state-fermentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3071</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Effect of Salt Solution and Plasticity Index on undrain Shear Strength of Clays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S%20.A.%20Naeini">S .A. Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20Jahanfar"> M. A. Jahanfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compacted clay liners (CCLs) are the main materials used in waste disposal landfills due to their low permeability. In this study, the effect on the shear resistant of clays with inorganic salt solutions as permeate fluid was experimentally investigated. For this purpose, NaCl inorganic salt solution at concentrations of 2, 5, 10% and deionized water were used. Laboratory direct shear and Vane shear tests were conducted on three compacted clays with low, medium and high plasticity. Results indicated that the solutions type and its concentration affect the shear properties of the mixture. In the light of this study, the influence magnitude of these inorganic salts in varies concentrations in different clays were determined and more suitable compacted clay with the compare of plasticity were found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=landfill%20liner" title="landfill liner">landfill liner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=shear%20resistant" title=" shear resistant"> shear resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=plasticity" title=" plasticity"> plasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=salt%20solution" title=" salt solution"> salt solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3054/effect-of-salt-solution-and-plasticity-index-on-undrain-shear-strength-of-clays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3054/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a 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href="https://publications.waset.org/3054/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3910</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NaCl&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NaCl&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=NaCl&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div 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