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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thënie_nga_Charles_Darwin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Thënie nga Charles Darwin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thënie_nga_Charles_Darwin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Burime</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Burime-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Burime subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Burime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shënime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shënime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Shënime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shënime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referime_të_Përgjithshme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referime_të_Përgjithshme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Referime të Përgjithshme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referime_të_Përgjithshme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Libra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lidhje_të_jashtme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lidhje_të_jashtme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lidhje të jashtme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lidhje_të_jashtme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Çarls Darvin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 200 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-200" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">200 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – gjermanishte zvicerane" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte zvicerane" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%95" title="ቻርልስ ዳርዊን – amarisht" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻርልስ ዳርዊን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – aragonezisht" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – angikisht" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="চাৰ্লছ ডাৰউইন – asamezisht" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চাৰ্লছ ডাৰউইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – asturisht" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – auadhisht" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="auadhisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ajmarisht" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arlz_Darvin" title="Çarlz Darvin – azerbajxhanisht" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çarlz Darvin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajxhanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – bashkirisht" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkirisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – balinezisht" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Carlzos_Darv%C4%97ns" title="Čarlzos Darvėns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čarlzos Darvėns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – bullgarisht" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bullgarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – bislamisht" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="চার্লস ডারউইন – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চার্লস ডারউইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – bretonisht" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Darwin" title="Charles Robert Darwin – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Robert Darwin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарльз – çeçenisht" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дарвин, Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارڵز داروین – kurdishte qendrore" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چارڵز داروین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdishte qendrore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – korsikisht" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arlz_Darvin" title="Çarlz Darvin – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çarlz Darvin" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин Чарльз – çuvashisht" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дарвин Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvashisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – uellsisht" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uellsisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – danisht" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – gjermanisht" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κάρολος Δαρβίνος – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρολος Δαρβίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – estonisht" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – baskisht" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwini_Charles" title="Darwini Charles – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Darwini Charles" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – faroisht" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të mirë"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – frisianishte veriore" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisianishte veriore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – friulianisht" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – frizianishte perëndimore" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizianishte perëndimore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – irlandisht" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="達爾文 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="達爾文" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – galishte skoceze" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="galishte skoceze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – galicisht" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – guaranisht" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="ચાર્લ્સ ડાર્વિન – guxharatisht" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચાર્લ્સ ડાર્વિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guxharatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – manksisht" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – hausisht" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="צ'ארלס דרווין – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ארלס דרווין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – kreolishte e Haitit" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolishte e Haitit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – hungarisht" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Չարլզ Դարվին – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չարլզ Դարվին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Չարլզ Տարուին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չարլզ Տարուին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – gjuha oksidentale" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="gjuha oksidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ilokoisht" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – idoisht" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – islandisht" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – italisht" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3" title="チャールズ・ダーウィン – japonisht" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャールズ・ダーウィン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/carl._daruin." title="carl. daruin. – lojbanisht" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="carl. daruin." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – javanisht" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ დარვინი – gjeorgjisht" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩარლზ დარვინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gjeorgjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – kabilisht" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – kazakisht" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9F_%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="ឆាលែស ដាវីន – kmerisht" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆាលែស ដាវីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್ – kanadisht" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanadisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9C%88" title="찰스 다윈 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="찰스 다윈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈارون – kashmirisht" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="چارلس ڈارون" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmirisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – kurdisht" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – kornisht" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – kirgizisht" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Darwin" title="Carolus Darwin – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Darwin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ladinoisht" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – luksemburgisht" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – lezgianisht" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – limburgisht" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ligurianisht" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – lombardisht" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – lituanisht" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%81rlzs_Darvins" title="Čārlzs Darvins – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čārlzs Darvins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – maitilisht" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maitilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – madagaskarisht" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagaskarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – minangkabauisht" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлс Дарвин – maqedonisht" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чарлс Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maqedonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ – malajalamisht" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – mongolisht" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – maratisht" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – maltisht" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – mirandisht" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ချားလ်စ် ဒါဝင် – birmanisht" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချားလ်စ် ဒါဝင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – erzjaisht" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – mazanderanisht" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – gjermanishte e vendeve të ulëta" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte e vendeve të ulëta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – gjermanishte saksone e vendeve të ulëta" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="gjermanishte saksone e vendeve të ulëta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – nepalisht" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – neuarisht" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="neuarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – niasisht" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niasisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – norvegjishte nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – norvegjishte letrare" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegjishte letrare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – sotoishte veriore" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotoishte veriore" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – oksitanisht" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ଚାର୍ଲସ ଡାରଉଇନ – odisht" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚାର୍ଲସ ଡାରଉଇନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарльз – osetisht" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дарвин, Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਡਾਰਵਿਨ – punxhabisht" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਡਾਰਵਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punxhabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – pampangaisht" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈارون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارلس ڈارون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلس ډاروین – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چارلس ډاروین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – keçuaisht" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçuaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – retoromanisht" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – vllahisht" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="vllahisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарлз – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дарвин, Чарлз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="चार्ल्स् डार्विन् – sanskritisht" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चार्ल्स् डार्विन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – sakaisht" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ – santalisht" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – sardenjisht" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardenjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – siçilianisht" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siçilianisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – skotisht" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڊارون – sindisht" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چارلس ڊارون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcarl%E1%BA%93_Darwin" title="Tcarlẓ Darwin – taçelitisht" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tcarlẓ Darwin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taçelitisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="චාල්ස් ඩාවින් – sinhalisht" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චාල්ස් ඩාවින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikuj të përkryer"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – sllovenisht" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sllovenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлс Дарвин – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чарлс Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – sundanisht" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – suedisht" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – suahilisht" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cals.talun" title="Cals.talun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cals.talun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சார்லசு டார்வின் – tamilisht" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சார்லசு டார்வின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="చార్లెస్ డార్విన్ – teluguisht" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చార్లెస్ డార్విన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluguisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – taxhikisht" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxhikisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน – tajlandisht" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carls_Darvin" title="Carls Darvin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Carls Darvin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – turqisht" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – tatarisht" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86" title="دارۋىن – ujgurisht" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دارۋىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – ukrainisht" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈاروین – urduisht" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چارلس ڈاروین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – uzbekisht" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – venetisht" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvin_%C4%8Carl%27z" title="Darvin Čarl'z – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Darvin Čarl'z" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – vietnamisht" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – volapykisht" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapykisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – ualunisht" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ualunisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – uarajisht" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="uarajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – uolofisht" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="uolofisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文 – kinezishte vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="查尔斯·达尔文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="kinezishte vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ დარვინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩარლზ დარვინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="טשארלס דארווין – jidisht" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשארלס דארווין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – jorubaisht" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubaisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%9B%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%A3_%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴷⴰⵔⵡⵉⵏ – tamaziatishte standarde marokene" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴷⴰⵔⵡⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamaziatishte standarde marokene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文 – kinezisht" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查尔斯·达尔文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查爾斯·達爾文 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="查爾斯·達爾文" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查理斯·達爾文 – kantonezisht" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="查理斯·達爾文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Përpunoni lidhje 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/250px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/375px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Çarls Darvin, 1868</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Çarls Robert Darvin</b> (<a href="/wiki/12_Shkurt" class="mw-redirect" title="12 Shkurt">12 Shkurt</a> <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a>, në Shrewsbury – <a href="/wiki/19_prill" class="mw-redirect" title="19 prill">19 prill</a> <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>, në Downe) ishte një natyralist <a href="/wiki/Anglez%C3%ABt" title="Anglezët">anglez</a>, pjesëtar në "Royal Society" dhe themeloi teorinë e evolucionit sipas së cilës të gjitha krijesat zhvillohen me kalimin e kohës, e publikuar në librat e tij.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sipas tij zhvillimi i krijesave të gjalla që ndanin midis tyre të njëjtin paraardhës, ishte rrjedhojë e një procesi të quajtur <a href="/wiki/Seleksionimi_natyror" title="Seleksionimi natyror">seleksionimi natyror</a> (përzgjedhja natyrore). <a href="/wiki/Evolucioni" title="Evolucioni">Evolucioni</a> dhe seleksionimi natyror ishin një ide shumë përparimtare për kohën dhe, pavarësisht kritikave e debateve të shumta, shumë shkencëtarë dhe njerëz të thjeshtë të kohës e pranuan atë si fakt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Megjithatë vetëm me themelimin e sintezës moderne evolucioniste nga vitet 1930 deri në 1950-n, u pranua se selektimi natyror ishte mekanizimi bazë i <a href="/wiki/Evolucioni" title="Evolucioni">evolucionit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> E thënë ndryshe, zbulimi shkencor i Darvinit është teoria bashkuese e shkencës natyrore duke shpjeguar diversitetin (larminë) e gjallesave.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Në <a href="/wiki/Universiteti_i_Edinburgut" title="Universiteti i Edinburgut">Universitetin e Edinburgut</a>, Darvini i neglizhoi studimet mjekësore dhe ndihmoi në hetimin e gjallesave jovertebrore ujore. Udhëtimi i tij 5-vjeçar me anijen "Beagle" (shqiptimi: Bigëll) e bëri atë zyrtarisht një gjeolog të kualifikuar, studimet dhe <a href="/wiki/Teoria_shkencore" title="Teoria shkencore">teoritë</a> e të cilit mbështetnin idetë e uniformiste të Charles Lyell-it. Publikimi i ditarit të tij, të mbajtur gjatë udhëtimit me Beagle-in, i dhanë atij famë të madhe. Duke studiuar larminë e gjallesave në vende të ndryshme të botës dhe <a href="/wiki/Fosilet" title="Fosilet">fosilet</a> e mbledhura gjatë udhëtimit të tij, Darvini thelloi studimet mbi transmutacionin e llojeve dhe formuloi <a href="/wiki/Teoria_shkencore" title="Teoria shkencore">teorinë</a> e përzgjedhjes natyrore në vitin 1838. Edhe pse ai shpesh e diskutonte teorinë e vet me natyralistë të tjerë, atij iu desh kohë ta përfundonte me sukses shpjegimin e teorisë, ndërkohë që objektivi primar vazhdonte të ishte puna si gjeolog. Ai ishte akoma duke përpunuar teorinë në vitin 1858, kur Alfred Russel Vallace-i i dërgoi esenë e hartuar prej tij, në të cilën përshkruhej e njëjta ide, duke bërë kështu që të dyja esetë të publikoheshin si një e vetme. </p><p>Libri i publikuar në 1859-n “Mbi origjinën e llojeve” (origjinali: “On the Origin of Species”) themeloi evolucionin si shpjegimi më i saktë shkencor mbi diversitetin në natyrë të jetës. Ai ekzaminoi evolucionin njerëzor dhe selektimin/përzgjedhjen seksual/e në librin “Mbi prejardhjen e njeriut dhe selektimi në lidhje me seksin” (origjinali: “The Descent of Man, dhe Selection in Relation to Sex), libër i ndjekur nga libri tjetër “Shprehja e emocioneve tek njerëzit dhe kafshët.” (origjinali: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals”). Kërkimet e tij të mëtejshme mbi bimët u publikua në një seri librash të ndryshëm, ndërsa libri i tij i fundit bënte fjalë për krimbat e tokës dhe efektet e tyre mbi tokën bujqësore. </p><p>Çarls Darvin ishte një nga pesë personat pa prejardhje mbretërore të cilit iu krye një shërbim funebër nga shteti në shekullin XIX. Ai u varros në Uestminister Abbey, pranë varreve të John Herschel dhe <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jeta_dhe_edukimi">Jeta dhe edukimi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Jeta dhe edukimi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Jeta dhe edukimi"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg/250px-Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg/375px-Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg/500px-Charles_Darwin_1816.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="1822" /></a><figcaption>Çarls Darvin kur ishte i vogël, 1816</figcaption></figure> <p>Çarls R. Darvin lindi në Shrevsbury, Shropshire, Angli më 12 shkurt të vitit 1809 në shtëpinë e tij "The Mount" (në Shrewsbury-i). Ai ishte fëmija i pestë nga gjithsej gjashtë fëmijë të doktorit dhe financierit të pasur Robert Darvin dhe Suzana Darvin. Gjyshi i tij ishte Erasmus Darvin, nga ana e babait, dhe gjyshi tjetër i tij ishte Josiah Vedgvood, nga ana e nënës. Të dyja familjet i përkisnin besimit "Unitarian". Robert Darvin, si një person jo shumë fanatik nga pikëpamja fetare, e pagëzoi djalin e tij, Çarls, në kishën anglikane, por ai dhe vëllezërit e tij vazhduan të frekuentonin kishën unitariane së bashku me të ëmën. Në korrik të 1817-s, nëna e tij vdes. Nga shtatori i vitit 1818 vazhdoi mësimet e ciklit të ulët së bashku me vëllain e tij, Erasmus Darvin, në një shkollë të besimit anglikan në Shrewsbury-i. </p><p>Darvini gjatë verës së 1825-s punoi pranë të atit si ndihmësmjek për të ndihmuar të varfrit në Shropshire. Më pas, shkoi në <a href="/wiki/Universiteti_i_Edinburgut" title="Universiteti i Edinburgut">Universitetin e Edinburgut</a> me vëllain e tij, Erasmus, në tetor të po atij viti. Darvini shpejt u demoralizua nga studimet e tij duke neglizhuar kështu studimet në mjekësi. Ai studioi taksidermë (shih taxidermy) nga John Edmonstone. Në vitin e dytë, Darvini u anëtarësua me Plinian Society, grup studentor mbi historinë natyrale, debatet e të cilëve përqëndroheshin në mënyrë radikale mbi <a href="/wiki/Materializmi" title="Materializmi">materializmin</a>. Ai asistoi kërkimet shkencore të Robert Edmunt Grant-it mbi atanominë dhe ciklin e jetës së gjallesave jovertebrore detare në Firth of Fort. Në mars të 1827-s, ai paraqiti përpara Plinian Socitey zbulimin për mënyrën e riprodhimit të shushunjave (bëhej fjalë për ato shushunja të ujërave të kripura që jetonin në zonën e Firth of Forth). Edhe pse mjeshtri i tij, Grant, filloi të përkrahte idetë evolucioniste të Lamarkut, Darvini qëndroi indiferent ndaj këtyre ideve. Darvini i shikonte mësimet e Robert Jameson-it mbi historinë natyrale (në lëndën e gjeologjisë) që përfshinin debatin midis Neptunizmitm dhe Plutonizmit. Ai mësoi se si klasifikoheshin bimët (<a href="/wiki/Taksonomia" title="Taksonomia">taksonomia</a> e bimeve) dhe punoi për pasurimin e University Museum-it, një nga muzetë më mëdha në Evropë. </p><p>Neglizhenca dhe mungesa e disiplinës në shkollë, bëri që babai i tij ta dërgonte Darvinin në Kolegjin e Krishtit në Kembrixh për diplomim në Bachelor of Arts. Darvini sërish i neglizhoi studimet <a href="/wiki/Teologjia" title="Teologjia">teologjike</a> në kolegjin e ri dhe filloi të shpenzonte shumë kohë me hipizëm (kalërim) dhe qitje. Kushëriri i tij, Uilliam Darvin Fox, e ndihmoi në publikimin e disa zbulimeve në librin "Illustrations of British Entomology". Çarls Darvin u miqësua me profesorin e botanikës, John Stevens Henslou. Në atë kohë mbizotëronte <a href="/wiki/Teologjia_natyrore" title="Teologjia natyrore">teologjia natyrore</a> mes studiuesve me të cilët u njoh Darvini, përveç Stevensonit. Me afrimin e provimeve, ai u përqendrua dhe u mahnit nga gjuha e kulluar dhe logjika e Uilliam Paley-it në librin e tij "Evidences of Christianity". Në provimin përfundimtar, në janar të 1831-shit, Darvini doli i dhjeti nga njëqind e shtatëdhjetë e tetë studentë. </p><p>Atij iu desh të qëndronte në Kembrixh deri në korrik. Ai studioi Teologjinë Natyrore (origjinali: Natural Theology) të Uilliam Paley-it. Sipas Teologjisë Natyrore argumentohej mbi hartimin e projektin hyjnor duke shpjeguar përshtatjen e gjallesave në botë, si pasojë e veprim të Zotit nëpërmjet rregullave të natyrës. I ndikuar nga librat e John Herschel-it dhe Alexander von Humboldt-it, Darvini vendosi të japë edhe ai kontributin e tij. Për të kontribuar, Darvini planifikoi një udhëtim në Tenerife me disa shokë të klasës pas diplomimit për të studiuar historinë natyrale në tropik. Gjatë përgatitjeve për udhëtimin e tij, ai iu bashkua leksioneve të Adam Sedgvick-ut për <a href="/wiki/Gjeologjia" title="Gjeologjia">gjeologji</a>. Më pas së bashku me të, gjatë verës shkuan në Uels. Pas dy javësh me miqtë e tij në Barmouth, ai do të kthehej në shtëpinë e tij. Aty do të gjente një letër nga Henslov-i, ku i propozonte Darvinit një udhëtim si bashkudhëtar (dhe jo si një mbledhës të dhënash i rëndomtë), i kapitenit Robert FitzRoy mbi HMS Beagle e cila do të nisej mbas katër javësh në një ekspeditë në brigjet e Amerikës së Jugut. Sipas letrës, Darvini ishte një zotëri i përshtatshëm, (por akoma jo i kompletuar) për të filluar studimet më vete. Darvini hasi në kundërshtimin e të atit, i cili e shikonte udhëtimin 2-vjeçar një humbje kohe. Më pas nën ndikimin e krushkut të tij, Josiah Uedgvood, ai pranoi që i biri të nisej për udhë. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Udhëtimi_në_bordin_e_anijes_"Beagle""><span id="Udh.C3.ABtimi_n.C3.AB_bordin_e_anijes_.22Beagle.22"></span>Udhëtimi në bordin e anijes "Beagle"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Udhëtimi në bordin e anijes "Beagle"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Udhëtimi në bordin e anijes "Beagle""><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Më 27 dhjetor 1831, filloi udhëtimi i Beagle-it. Udhëtimi zgjati plot pesë vjet (tre vjet më shumë se sa ishte menduar). FritzRoy-i në bordin e Beagle-it udhëtonte dhe kontrollonte brigjet ndërkohë që Darvini vetë shpenzonte kohë me studimet gjeologjike në <a href="/wiki/Ishulli" title="Ishulli">ishull</a> duke mbledhur mostra për koleksionin e tij mbi historinë natyrore. Ai mbajti shënime të kujdesshme mbi vëzhgimet në ishull dhe mbi teori të ndryshme spekulative (në kuptimin që teoritë ishin më shumë hipoteza në atë kohë). Në intervale të ndryshme kohore, mostrat e tij dërgoheshin në Kembrixh së bashku me letra duke përfshirë edhe kopje të ditarit për familjen e tij. Darvini kishte studiuar rreth krijesave detare jovertebrore dhe kishte njohuri të përgjithshme mbi gjeologjinë, por në fushat e tjera ku shtroi studimet e tij, ai ishte një fillestar. Qëndrimi i tij në ishull bëri që Darvini të bëhej një ekspert. Edhe pse Darvini kishte probleme shëndetësore (e zinte shpesh deti), shumica e shënimeve të tij <a href="/wiki/Zoologjia" title="Zoologjia">zoologjike</a> janë hartuar mbi krijesat detare jovertebrore si <a href="/wiki/Planktoni" title="Planktoni">planktoni</a>, etj. </p><p>Në ndalesën e parë në tokë të thatë në Saint Jago, Darvini zbuloi se në një rrip të bardhë, të lartë në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guri_vullkanik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guri vullkanik (nuk është shkruar akoma)">gurët vullkanik</a> ekzistonin midhje. FitzRoy i kishte dhënë atij volumin e parë të Principet e Gjeologjisë (origjinali: Principles of Geology) nga Charles Lyell-i, i cili shpjegonte konceptet e uniformitaritetit, pra se si toka ngrihej, ulej ose binte ngadalë në <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periudha_gjeologjike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periudha gjeologjike (nuk është shkruar akoma)">periudha të ndryshme kohore</a>. Darvini i pa gjërat në mënyrën e Layell-it duke menduar në shkrimin e një libri mbi gjeologjinë. Në Brazil, Darvini u mahnit nga pyjet tropikale, por filloi të urrente pamjet e egra të <a href="/wiki/Skllav%C3%ABria" title="Skllavëria">skllavërisë</a>. </p><p>Në zonën Punta Alta në <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>, ai zbuloi <a href="/wiki/Fosilet" title="Fosilet">fosile</a> <a href="/wiki/Gjitar%C3%ABt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjitarët">gjitarësh</a> të zhdukur me përmasa të mëdha ndër shkëmbinj, përveç midhjeve të freskëta që tregonin një zhdukje të ndodhur rishtasi të llojit pa asnjë shenjë të <a href="/wiki/Ndryshimi_i_klim%C3%ABs" title="Ndryshimi i klimës">ndryshimeve klimaterike</a> ose katastrofave të mundshme. Fosilet e gjitarëve të emëruar prej tij si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megatherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megatherium (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Megatherium</a>, i ngjasonin një versioni gjigant i armadilos që jetonte në ato zona. Zbulimet e tij ngjallën interes të veçantë, kur provat u dërguan në Angli. Gjatë vazhdimit të eksplorimit gjeologjik më në brendësi të territorit, për të grumbulluar sa më shumë fosile, ai fitoi njohuri të shumta mbi gjendjen sociale, politike dhe <a href="/wiki/Antropologjia" title="Antropologjia">antropologjike</a> të popullësisë autoktone dhe koloniale (spanjolle) në një kohë revolucioni, duke zbuluar gjithashtu se rhea (një lloj zogu karakteristik i Patagonias) jetonte në zona të ndara, por njëkohësisht përkonin pjesërisht me njëra tjetrën. Ai lexoi më pas volumin e dytë të librit të Lyell-it duke pranuar idenë e “qendrës së krijimit” të llojeve, por duke kundërshtuar ose më mirë të themi sfiduar idetë e Lyell-it mbi vazhdimësinë graduale (vazhdimësinë e qetë) dhe zhdukjes së llojeve. </p><p>Në Tierra del Fuego, Darvini ndaloi dhe vazhdoi progresin me shënimet e veta. Ai u njoh me tre vendas të cilët ishin dërguar dhe instruktuar në Angli për tu kthyer si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Misionari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Misionari (nuk është shkruar akoma)">misionarë</a> në ato zona. Sipas tij, të tre miqtë e tij të rinj ishin të civilizuar dhe miqësorë, ndërsa “të afërmit” e tyre vazhdonin të ishin “mjeranë dhe egërsira të pashpresa,” aq të ndryshëm sa janë kafshët shtëpiake me kafshët e egra. Sipas Darvinit kjo kishte të bënte me shfaqjen e përparësive <a href="/wiki/Kultura" title="Kultura">kulturore</a> dhe jo inferioritetit të racave. Tashmë Darvini nuk kishte më dyshime se nuk kishte asnjë ndarje të pakalueshme ndërmjet <a href="/wiki/Njeriu" title="Njeriu">njerëzve</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Kafsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafsha">kafshëve</a>, siç pretendonin shumë shkencëtarë të kohës. Mbas një viti, misionarët nga Terra del Fuego e brakstisën misionin e tyre. Jemmy Button-i (i emëruar kështu nga anglezët) rifilloi jetën si të parët e tij, gjeti një grua dhe nuk dëshironte të kthehej më në Angli. Në <a href="/wiki/Kili" title="Kili">Kili</a> ai përjetoi një tërmet të fuqishëm. Aty në të çarat e tokës, Darvini gjeti akoma më shumë <a href="/wiki/Guacka" class="mw-redirect" title="Guacka">guaska</a> midhjesh dhe fosile <a href="/wiki/Bim%C3%ABt" title="Bimët">bimësh</a> që rriteshin zakonisht në brigjet ranore. Kjo i dha shkas teorive të reja. </p><p>Udhëtimi i tij vazhdoi në ishujt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galapagos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galapagos (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Galapagos</a>. Atje Darvini kërkoi për prova që lidheshin me “qendrën e jetës” të një kohe më të hershme dhe gjeti se popullata e zogjve në ishuj kishte lidhje me zogjtë që kishte vëzhguar gjatë qëndrimit në Kili por që ndryshonin nga ishulli në ishull. Darvini u vu në dijeni se në bazë të zhguajve të <a href="/wiki/Breshka" title="Breshka">breshkave</a> pak të ndryshëm në formë nga njëri tjetri, mund të kuptohej se nga cili ishull vinin ato, por ai nuk arriti t’i mblidhte ato edhe pse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieta (nuk është shkruar akoma)">dieta</a> në Beagle në këtë periudhë konsistonte në ngrënien e breshkave. Në Australi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miu-kangur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miu-kangur (nuk është shkruar akoma)">miu-kangur</a> (kafshë me xhep - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marsupiali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marsupiali (nuk është shkruar akoma)">marsupial</a>) dhe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Playpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Playpus (nuk është shkruar akoma)">playpus</a> (kafshë e vogël leshatore që jeton në Australi dhe Tazmani) lanë një përshtypje të madhe te Darvini, të cilit iu duk sikur në krijimin e tyre kishin marrë pjesë dy krijues të ndryshëm. Darvini u njoh me aborigjenët (vendasit australianë) të cilët lanë përshtypje të mirë te ai si “të këndshëm dhe me humor të mirë” dhe vuri në dukje keqtrajtimet e tyre nga ana e kolonizatorëve evropian. </p><p>Kapiteni FitzRoy filloi të shkruante rrëfimet zyrtare të udhëtimeve të Beagle-it dhe, pasi lexoi ditarin e Darvinit, ai i propozoi atij që të dy shkrimet të shkriheshin në një. Megjithatë ditari i Darvinit u rishkruajt në mënyrë të veçantë në tre volume të ndryshme mbi <a href="/wiki/Historia_natyrore" title="Historia natyrore">historinë natyrore</a>. Në Kejp Taun, kapiteni i anijes "Beagle" dhe Çarls Darvin u takuan me John Herschel-in. Ky i fundit ishte një përkrahës i uniformitarizmit të Lyell-it duke e quajtur teorinë e tij për zëvendësimin e specieve të zhdukura nga të tjera si “një proces natyral në kundërvënie të një procesi të mrekulleushëm (hyjnor).” Ndërkohë që Beagles-i po kthehej në Angli, Darvini riorganizoi shënimet duke shkruar se dyshimet e tij në rritje për zogjtë e Galapagosit, breshkat dhe Falkland Island Fox (një lloj ujku) ishin të drejta; “ – Fakte të tilla zhvlerësojnë stabilitetin e llojeve... “duhet” vjen përpara “zhvlerësimit.” Më pas Darvini shkroi se “ ... më duket se të tilla fakte hedhin deri diku dritë mbi origjinën e specieve.” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zanafillat_e_Teorisë_së_Evolucionit_Darvinian"><span id="Zanafillat_e_Teoris.C3.AB_s.C3.AB_Evolucionit_Darvinian"></span>Zanafillat e Teorisë së Evolucionit Darvinian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakto pjesën: Zanafillat e Teorisë së Evolucionit Darvinian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Zanafillat e Teorisë së Evolucionit Darvinian"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg/220px-Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg/330px-Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg/440px-Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2811" /></a><figcaption>Çarls Darvin, themeluesi i Teorisë së Evolucionit</figcaption></figure> <p>Beagle-i u kthye në Angli më 2 tetor 1836. Deri në dhjetor të vitit 1835, Darvini kishte fituar famë ndër radhët e shkencëtarëve anglezë. Mësuesi i tij, Henslou, kishte ndihmuar në krijimin e prestigjit të nxënësit të tij duke i dhënë vazhdimisht gjeologjistëve të famshëm pamfletë, ku reflektoheshin zbulimet gjeologjike të Darvinit. Me të mbërritur në Shrevsbury, Darvini shkoi takonte të afërmit në shtëpinë "The Mount". Më pas, ai shkoi në Kembrixh për të takuar Hansloun, i cili e këshilloi Darvinin që të gjente natyralistë të gatshëm për të permbledhur mostrat e ndryshme të sjella nga udhëtimi i gjatë. Darvini u financua gjithashtu edhe nga babai i tij, Roberti, i cili e ndihmoi të punonte si shkencëtar. Darvini shëtiti në institucionet e Londrës duke kërkuar ekspertë të cilët mund të përshkruanin koleksionin e tij të mostrave. Puna e ekspertëve u bë e mundimshme; kishte mbingarkesë në punë për arsyen e thjeshtë se shumë mostra rrezikoheshin të prisheshin e të humbnin. </p><p>Më 29 tetor, në sajë të Charles Lyell-it, Darvini takoi anatomistin, Richard Oven, i cili kishte “çelësat” e Sallës Operatore të Royal Collage-it. Ai e ndihmoi mikun e tij të ri të analizonte mostrat e sjella nga Amerika latine dhe më gjerë. Analizat e Richard Oven-it nxorën në dritë një lloj kafshe gjigante, por të zhdukur slothi, skeletin e një <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scelidotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scelidotherium (nuk është shkruar akoma)">scelidotherium</a> të zhdukur dhe një lloj kafke brejtësi amerikano-jugor me përmasat e një <a href="/wiki/Hipopotami" title="Hipopotami">hipopotami</a> i quajtur toksodon që ngjasonte shumë me një capybara dhe të tjera. Këto dhe të tjera mbetje të zbuluara kishin lidhje me lloje të zhdukura kafshësh që kishin jetuar në Amerikën e Jugut. Në dhjetor, Darvini filloi të merrte pjesë në lobet e Universitetit të Kembrixhit për të organizuar punën dhe koleksionet e fosileve për të rishkruajtur ditarin e tij. Në raport ai shkroi për rritjen graduale, por të ngadaltë të Amerikës së Jugut. Me shtytjen e Lyell-it, ai e lexoi këtë raport në Shoqërinë Gjeologjike të Londrës (Geological Society of London), më 4 janar 1837. Po atë ditë ai paraqiti përpara akademisë së zoologëve (Zoological Socity) mostrat e gjetura të gjitarëve dhe zogjve gjatë udhëtimit me Beagle-in. Më 17 shkurt të po atij viti, Darvini u zgjodh në Këshillin e Shoqërisë Gjegrafike (Council of the Geographical Society). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teoritë"><span id="Teorit.C3.AB"></span>Teoritë</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redakto pjesën: Teoritë" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Teoritë"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bazuar në këto argumente dhe në përputhje me Parimet e Gjeologjisë nga Charles Lyell-i dhe Ese mbi parimin e popullsisë Malthus (që shtronte një teori për konceptin e disponueshmërisë së burimeve ushqimore për të kuptuar një kufizim për numrin e popullatës të kafshëve), Darvini shkroi mbi transformimin e specieve. I vetëdijshëm për ndikimin që hipoteza e tij do të kishte në shkencë, Darvini filloi të hetonte në mënyrë aktive për gabime, duke bërë eksperimente me bimë dhe shpendë dhe konsultime me ekspertë të zgjedhur për lloje të ndryshme të kafshëve. Në 1842-shin, ai hartoi një projekt të parë të teorisë së tij dhe në 1844-n ai shkroi një ese prej 240 faqesh që përcaktonin një version më të hollësishëm të idesë së tij origjinale mbi <a href="/wiki/Seleksionimi_natyror" title="Seleksionimi natyror">përzgjedhjen natyrore</a>. Deri në 1858-n (viti kur Darvinit iu dorëzua Shoqëria Linnean të Londrës), ai nuk e ndërpreu rafinimin e teorisë se tij. </p><p>Me teorinë evolucioniste të Darvinit u tregua se <a href="/wiki/Evolucioni" title="Evolucioni">evolucioni</a> është një element i përbashkët i degëzimeve të diversitetit të jetës. Sipas kësaj pikëpamje evolucioniste e jetës, anëtarët e një grupi janë të ngjashëm për shkak se kanë evoluar nga një paraardhës i përbashkët. Në pikëpamjen e Darvinit, llojet e ndryshme lindin nëpërmjet një procesi të quajtur "prejardhje me ndryshim". Më e rëndësishmja, në traktatin e tij të origjinës së llojeve, Darvini e kundërshtoi teorinë e seleksionimit natyror për të shpjeguar mekanizmat me të cilat ndodh evolucioni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thënie_nga_Charles_Darwin"><span id="Th.C3.ABnie_nga_Charles_Darwin"></span>Thënie nga Charles Darwin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redakto pjesën: Thënie nga Charles Darwin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Thënie nga Charles Darwin"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Një njeri që guxon ta çojë kot, qoftë vetëm një orë të jetës së tij, nuk e ka zbuluar vlerën e vërtetë të jetës.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burime">Burime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redakto pjesën: Burime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Burime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shënime"><span id="Sh.C3.ABnime"></span>Shënime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redakto pjesën: Shënime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Shënime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1. Coyne, Jerry A. (2009). Why Evolution is True. Oxford: Oxford University Press. fq. 17. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0199230846" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-923084-6</a>.</li> <li>2. Glass, Bentley (1959). Forerunners of Darwin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. iv. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0801802229" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8018-0222-9</a>.</li> <li>3. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008">Internal wiki Van_Wyhe 2008</a></li> <li>4. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin#CITEREFBowler2003">Bowler 2003, fq. 338, 347</a></li> <li>5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html">Biografia e Darvinit online</a></li> <li>6. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview. fq. 15. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/1551113376" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-55111-337-6</a>.</li> <li>7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024043728/http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/whowas.html">Rreth Darvinit, kush ishte ai?</a></li> <li>8. Desmond & Moore 1991, fq. 210, 284–285</li> <li>9. Desmond & Moore 1991, fq. 210, 263–274</li> <li>10.Van Wyhe fq. 184-187.</li> <li>11.<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History">Darvini sipas American Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li>12.<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin#CITEREFFreeman1977">Nga internal wiki Freeman 1977</a></li> <li>13.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7538482.stm">BBC histori dhe politikë; Çarls Darvin</a></li> <li>14.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209050302/http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/burial.html">Varrmi i Darvinit</a> nga internal wiki <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin#CITEREFLeff2000">Leff 2000</a></li> <li>15.John H. Wahlert (11 June 2001). "The Mount House, Shrewsbury, England (Çarles Darvin)". Darvin and Darvinizëm. Baruch College.</li> <li>16.<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 12–15; <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darvin 1958</a> pp. 12–15.</li> <li>17.Darwin, Charles (1958). Barlow, Nora. ed. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html">http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html</a></li> <li>18.Browne, E. Janet (1995). Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/1844133141" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84413-314-1</a>.</li> <li>19. Desmond & Moore 1991, pp. 42–43; Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James (1991). Darwin. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0718134303" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7181-3430-3</a>.</li> <li>20.Browne 1995, pp. 47–48; Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James (1991). Darwin. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0718134303" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7181-3430-3</a>.</li> <li>21.Darwin 1958, pp. 57–67; Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James (1991). Darwin. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0718134303" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7181-3430-3</a>.</li> <li>22.Browne, E. Janet (1995). Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/1844133141" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84413-314-1</a>; faqe 97.</li> <li>23.Von Sydow 2005, pp. 5–7; von Sydow, Momme (2005). "Darwin – A Christian Undermining Christianity? On Self-Undermining Dynamics of Ideas Between Belief and Science". in Knight, David M.; Eddy, Matthew D.. Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, 1700–1900. Burlington: Ashgate. pp. 141–156. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0754639967" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7546-3996-7</a>.</li> <li>24.Darwin, Charles (1958). Barlow, Nora. ed. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow. London: Collins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html">http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html</a>; Darwin 1958, pp. 67–68</li> <li>25.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-105.html">"Darwin Correspondence Project - Letra 105 — Henslow, J. S. to Darwin, C. R., 24 Aug 1831"</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referime_të_Përgjithshme"><span id="Referime_t.C3.AB_P.C3.ABrgjithshme"></span>Referime të Përgjithshme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime të Përgjithshme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Referime të Përgjithshme"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anonymous (1882). "Obituary: Death Of Chas. Darwin". The New York Times (21 April 1882). Retrieved 2008-10-30.</li> <li>Balfour, J. B. (11 May 1882). "Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin". Transactions & Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh (14): 284–298.</li> <li>Bannister, Robert C. (1989). Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought.. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0877225664" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87722-566-4</a>.</li> <li>Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolution: The History of an Idea (3rd ed.). University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0520236939" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-23693-9</a>.</li> <li>Browne, E. Janet (1995). Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/1844133141" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-84413-314-1</a>.</li> <li>Browne, E. Janet (2002). Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0712668373" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7126-6837-3</a>.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1835). Extracts from letters to Professor Henslow. Cambridge: [privately printed]. Retrieved 2008-11-01.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1837). Notebook B: [Transmutation of species]. Darwin Online. CUL-DAR121. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR121.-&pageseq=1">http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR121.-&pageseq=1</a>. Retrieved 2008-12-20.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1839). Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832–1836.. III. London: Henry Colburn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.3&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.3&viewtype=text&pageseq=1</a>. Retrieved 2008-10-24.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1842). "Pencil Sketch of 1842". in Darwin, Francis. The foundations of The origin of species: Two essays written in 1842 and 1844.. Cambridge University Press. 1909.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1845). Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d edition. London: John Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F20&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F20&viewtype=text&pageseq=1</a>. Retrieved 2008-10-24.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles; Wallace, Alfred Russel (1858). "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 3: 46–50.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1st ed.). London: John Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1</a>. Retrieved 2008-10-24.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1868). The variation of animals and plants under domestication. London: John Murray. Retrieved 2008-11-01.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1871). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1st ed.). London: John Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html">http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html</a>. Retrieved 2008-10-24.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1872). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (6th ed.). London: John Murray. Retrieved 2009-11-01.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1887). Darwin, Francis. ed. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter. London: John Murray. Retrieved 2008-11-04.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (1958). Barlow, Nora. ed. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow. London: Collins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html">http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html</a>. Retrieved 2008-11-04.</li> <li>Darwin, Charles (2006). "[Darwin's personal 'Journal' (1809-1881)"]. in van Wyhe, John. Darwin Online. Retrieved 2008-12-20.</li> <li>Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James (1991). Darwin. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0718134303" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7181-3430-3</a>.</li> <li>Desmond, Adrian; Moore, James; Browne, Janet (2004). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7176.</li> <li>Dobzhansky, Theodosius (March 1973). "Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution". The American Biology Teacher 35: 125–129. Retrieved 2008-11-04.</li> <li>Eldredge, Niles (2006). "Confessions of a Darwinist". The Virginia Quarterly Review (Spring 2006): 32–53. Retrieved 2008-11-04.</li> <li>FitzRoy, Robert (1839). Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, Volume II. London: Henry Colburn. Retrieved 2008-11-04.</li> <li>Freeman, R. B. (1977). The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist. Folkestone: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd. Retrieved 2008-11-04.</li> <li>Hart, Michael H. (2000). The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. New York: Citadel.</li> <li>Herbert, Sandra (1980). "The red notebook of Charles Darwin". Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series (7 (24 April)): 1–164. Retrieved 2009-01-11.</li> <li>Herbert, Sandra (1991). "Charles Darwin as a prospective geological author". British Journal for the History of Science (24): 159–192. Retrieved 2008-10-24.</li> <li>Keynes, Richard (2000). Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle.. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2008-11-22.</li> <li>Keynes, Richard (2001). Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2008-10-24.</li> <li>Kotzin, Daniel (2004). "Point-Counterpoint: Social Darwinism". Columbia American History Online. Retrieved 2008-11-22.</li> <li>Leff, David (2000). "AboutDarwin.com". Retrieved 2008-12-30.</li> <li>Leifchild (19 November 1859). "Review of `Origin'". Athenaeum (No. 1673). Retrieved 2008-11-22.</li></ul> <p>Miles, Sara Joan (2001). "Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 53: 196–201. Retrieved 2008-11-22. </p> <ul><li>Moore, James (2005). "Darwin — A 'Devil's Chaplain'?" (PDF). American Public Media. Retrieved 2008-11-22.</li> <li>Moore, James (2006). "Evolution and Wonder - Understanding Charles Darwin". American Public Media. Retrieved 2008-11-22.</li> <li>Owen, Richard (1840). Darwin, C. R.. ed. Fossil Mammalia Part 1. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. London: Smith Elder and Co.</li> <li>Paul, Diane B. (2003). "Darwin, social Darwinism and eugenics". in Hodge, Jonathan; Radick, Gregory. The Cambridge Companion to *Darwin. Cambridge University Press. pp. 214–239. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0521777305" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-77730-5</a>.</li> <li>Smith, Charles H. (1999). "Alfred Russel Wallace on Spiritualism, Man, and Evolution: An Analytical Essay". Retrieved 2008-12-07.</li> <li>Sulloway, Frank J. (1982). "Darwin and His Finches: The Evolution of a Legend" (PDF). Journal of the History of Biology 15 (1): 1–53. doi:10.1007/BF00132004. Retrieved 2008-12-09.</li> <li>Sweet, William (2004). "Herbert Spencer". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2008-12-16.</li> <li>Wilkins, John S. (1997). "Evolution and Philosophy: Does evolution make might right?". TalkOrigins Archive. Retrieved 2008-11-22.</li> <li>Wilkins, John S. (2008). "Darwin". in Tucker, Aviezer. A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography. Blackwell *Companions to Philosophy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 405–415. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/1405149086" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4051-4908-6</a>.</li> <li>van Wyhe, John (27 March 2007). "Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years?". Notes and Records of the *Royal Society 61: 177–205. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171. Retrieved 2008-02-07.</li> <li>van Wyhe, John (2008). "Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch". Darwin Online. Retrieved 2008-11-17.</li> <li>van Wyhe, John (2008b). "Darwin: The Story of the Man and His Theories of Evolution". Andre Deutsch Ltd.</li> <li>von Sydow, Momme (2005). "Darwin – A Christian Undermining Christianity? On Self-Undermining Dynamics of Ideas Between Belief and Science". in Knight, David M.; Eddy, Matthew D.. Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, 1700–1900. *Burlington: Ashgate. pp. 141–156. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0754639967" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7546-3996-7</a>. Retrieved 2008-12-16.</li> <li>Yates, Simon (2003). "The Lady Hope Story: A Widespread Falsehood". TalkOrigins Archive. Retrieved 2006-12-15.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libra">Libra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redakto pjesën: Libra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Libra"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Libri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8205">"“Mbi Origjinën e Llojeve”"</a> në librarinë e <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page">Projektit Gutenberg</a></li> <li>Libri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1227">“Shprehja e emocioneve tek njerëzit dhe kafshët.”</a> në librarinë e <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page">Projektit Gutenberg</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Coyne, Jerry A. (2009). Why Evolution is True. Universiteti i Oxford p. 17. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0199230846" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-923084-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Glass, Bentley (1959). Forerunners of Darwin. MD: Universiteti Johns Hopkins . p. iv. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0801802229" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8018-0222-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/darwin.html">Charles Darwin: natyralist zotëri: Një skemë biografike</a> Darwin Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bowler, Peter J. (2003). Evolucion: Historia e një ide (3rd ed.). Universiteti i Californiës . <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0520236939" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-23693-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html">Charles Darwin: natyralist zotëri: Një skemë biografike</a> Darwin-online.org.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Carroll, Universiteti i Missouri</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thenie.org/nga/charles-darwin/">Thënie nga Charles Darwin</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lidhje_të_jashtme"><span id="Lidhje_t.C3.AB_jashtme"></span>Lidhje të jashtme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redakto pjesën: Lidhje të jashtme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87arls_Darvin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Lidhje të jashtme"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Darwin,_Charles_Robert">Çarls Darvin në Encyclopedia Britannica (faqe wiki)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121210082456/rinstinkt.wordpress.com/2012/08/07/carls-darvin-autobiografi-1/">Çarls Darvin - Autobiografi (1) - Nga koha e kthimit në atdhe derisa u martova (në shqip)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121225191300/rinstinkt.wordpress.com/2012/08/08/carls-darvin-autobiografi-2/">Çarls Darvin - Autobiografi (2) - Pikëpamjet fetare të Çarls Darvinit (në shqip)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121225214559/rinstinkt.wordpress.com/2012/08/09/carls-darvin-autobiografi-3/">Çarls Darvin - Autobiografi (3) - Pikëpamjet fetare, vazhdim (në shqip)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121225202611/rinstinkt.wordpress.com/2012/08/10/carls-darvin-autobiografi/">Çarls Darvin - Autobiografi (4) (në shqip)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121202111521/rinstinkt.wordpress.com/2012/08/11/carls-darvin-autobiografi-5/">Çarls Darvin - Autobiografi (5) (në shqip)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121202112913/rinstinkt.wordpress.com/2012/08/12/carls-darvin-autobiografi-6/">Çarls Darvin - Autobiografi (6) (në shqip)</a></li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Marrë nga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Çarls_Darvin&oldid=2719929">https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Çarls_Darvin&oldid=2719929</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:Kategorit%C3%AB" title="Speciale:Kategoritë">Kategoritë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Shkrimtar%C3%AB_anglez%C3%AB" title="Kategoria:Shkrimtarë anglezë">Shkrimtarë anglezë</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Biologji" title="Kategoria:Biologji">Biologji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Lindje_1809" title="Kategoria:Lindje 1809">Lindje 1809</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Vdekje_1882" title="Kategoria:Vdekje 1882">Vdekje 1882</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Studiues" title="Kategoria:Studiues">Studiues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Shkenc%C3%ABtar%C3%AB" title="Kategoria:Shkencëtarë">Shkencëtarë</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori e fshehur: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Kategoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kjo faqe është redaktuar për herë te fundit më 23 nëntor 2024, në orën 02:28.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Të gjitha materialet që gjenden në këtë faqë janë të mbrojtura nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>;. 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