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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>City</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle City subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wards_and_other_submunicipal_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wards_and_other_submunicipal_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Wards and other submunicipal divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wards_and_other_submunicipal_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Town" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Town</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Town-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Town subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Town-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Census-designated_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Census-designated_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Census-designated place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Census-designated_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamlet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamlet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hamlet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamlet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Village" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Village"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Village</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Village-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions_unique_to_New_York_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions_unique_to_New_York_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Divisions unique to New York City</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Divisions_unique_to_New_York_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Divisions unique to New York City subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Divisions_unique_to_New_York_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boroughs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boroughs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Boroughs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boroughs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Community districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_purpose_units_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_purpose_units_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Special purpose units of government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special_purpose_units_of_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special purpose units of government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special_purpose_units_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-School_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>School district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_school_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_school_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Common school district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_school_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_free_school_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_free_school_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Union free school district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_free_school_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_school_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_school_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Central school district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_school_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_high_school_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_high_school_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.4</span> <span>Central high school district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_high_school_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_school_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_school_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.5</span> <span>City school district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_school_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supervisory_school_district_(BOCES)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supervisory_school_district_(BOCES)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.6</span> <span>Supervisory school district (BOCES)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supervisory_school_district_(BOCES)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Fire district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_protection_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_protection_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Fire protection district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_protection_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_benefit_corporation/authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_benefit_corporation/authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Public benefit corporation/authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_benefit_corporation/authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Library district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lake_Protection_and_Rehabilitation_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lake_Protection_and_Rehabilitation_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Lake Protection and Rehabilitation district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lake_Protection_and_Rehabilitation_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types_of_special_purpose_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types_of_special_purpose_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Other types of special purpose units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_types_of_special_purpose_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_York_State_government_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_State_government_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>New York State government links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_State_government_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Other links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label 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ইয়ার্কের প্রশাসনিক বিভাগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_administrativa_del_Estado_de_Nueva_York" title="División administrativa del Estado de Nueva York – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="División administrativa del Estado de Nueva York" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_subdivisions_administratives_de_l%27%C3%89tat_de_New_York" title="Liste des subdivisions administratives de l'État de New York – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des subdivisions administratives de l'État de New York" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembagian_administratif_New_York" title="Pembagian administratif New York – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembagian administratif New York" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-Yorkning_ma%27muriy_bo%27linmalari_(davlat)" title="Nyu-Yorkning ma'muriy bo'linmalari (davlat) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nyu-Yorkning ma'muriy bo'linmalari (davlat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podzia%C5%82_administracyjny_stanu_Nowy_Jork" title="Podział administracyjny stanu Nowy Jork – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Podział administracyjny stanu Nowy Jork" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divis%C3%B5es_administrativas_do_Estado_de_Nova_Iorque" title="Divisões administrativas do Estado de Nova Iorque – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Divisões administrativas do Estado de Nova Iorque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)" title="Administrative divisions of New York (state) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Administrative divisions of New York (state)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="ניו יארק שטאט געאגראפישע אפטיילונגען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניו יארק שטאט געאגראפישע אפטיילונגען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47682#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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.plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics of New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/140px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/210px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/280px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="2660" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">Constitution and law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">United States Constitution</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York" title="Constitution of New York">New York Constitution</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_York_(state)" title="Law of New York (state)">New York Law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg/68px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_Governor_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Kathy_Hochul" title="Kathy Hochul">Kathy Hochul</a> (D)</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Delgado" title="Antonio Delgado">Antonio Delgado</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_New_York" title="Secretary of State of New York">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Rodriguez" title="Robert J. Rodriguez">Robert J. Rodriguez</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Comptroller" title="New York State Comptroller">State Comptroller</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiNapoli" title="Thomas DiNapoli">Thomas DiNapoli</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Letitia_James" title="Letitia James">Letitia James</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Education_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="Commissioner of Education of the State of New York">Commissioner of Education</a> Betty A. Rosa</li></ul> <ul><li><b>State Cabinet</b></li></ul> <p><i>See also:</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Treasurer" title="New York State Treasurer">State Treasurer</a>: abolished in 1926</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/30px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/45px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/60px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="2660" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">State Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York" title="Lieutenant Governor of New York">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Delgado" title="Antonio Delgado">Antonio Delgado</a> (D)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader_of_the_New_York_State_Senate" title="Majority Leader of the New York State Senate">Majority leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Stewart-Cousins" title="Andrea Stewart-Cousins">Andrea Stewart-Cousins</a> (D)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li>Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Rob_Ortt" title="Rob Ortt">Rob Ortt</a> (R)</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/30px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/45px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Seal_of_New_York.svg/60px-Seal_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="2660" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">State Assembly</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_New_York_State_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the New York State Assembly">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Heastie" title="Carl Heastie">Carl Heastie</a> (D)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li>Speaker pro tempore <a href="/wiki/Jeffrion_L._Aubry" title="Jeffrion L. Aubry">Jeffrion L. Aubry</a> (D)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">Majority leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Peoples-Stokes" title="Crystal Peoples-Stokes">Crystal Peoples-Stokes</a> (D)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">Minority leader</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Barclay_(New_York_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Barclay (New York politician)">William Barclay</a> (R)</li></ul></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judiciary of New York (state)">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_New_York_Court_of_Appeals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Seal_of_the_New_York_Court_of_Appeals.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_New_York_Court_of_Appeals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Seal_of_the_New_York_Court_of_Appeals.svg/45px-Seal_of_the_New_York_Court_of_Appeals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Seal_of_the_New_York_Court_of_Appeals.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_New_York_Court_of_Appeals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Chief Judge <a href="/wiki/Janet_DiFiore" title="Janet DiFiore">Janet DiFiore</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Judge <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Rivera_(judge)" title="Jenny Rivera (judge)">Jenny Rivera</a></li> <li>Judge <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Garcia" title="Michael J. Garcia">Michael J. Garcia</a></li> <li>Judge <a href="/wiki/Rowan_D._Wilson" title="Rowan D. Wilson">Rowan D. Wilson</a></li> <li>Judge <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cannataro" title="Anthony Cannataro">Anthony Cannataro</a></li> <li>Judge <a href="/wiki/Madeline_Singas" title="Madeline Singas">Madeline Singas</a></li> <li>Judge <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Troutman" title="Shirley Troutman">Shirley Troutman</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Claims" title="New York Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Surrogate%27s_Court" title="New York Surrogate's Court">Surrogate's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Family_Court" title="New York Family Court">Family Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_County_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York County Court">County Court</a></li> <li>New York City courts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">Civil Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Criminal_Court" title="New York City Criminal Court">Criminal Court</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_fusion_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral fusion (New York)">Electoral fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform_in_New_York" title="Electoral reform in New York">Electoral reform in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_New_York_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Qualified New York parties">Qualified New York parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Republican Party">Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_New_York" title="Liberal Party of New York">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of New York">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_New_York" title="Libertarian Party of New York">Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_New_York" title="Socialist Party of New York">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_New_York" title="Green Party of New York">Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">National minor parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_New_York_(state)" title="Political party strength in New York (state)">Political party strength</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inferior jurisdictions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a> (62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a> (62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a> (932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a> (555)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_New_York" title="List of school districts in New York">School districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_York" title="United States congressional delegations from New York">Congressional delegation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/45px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senators</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Schumer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Schumer">Charles Schumer</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> (D)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/45px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="New York's 1st congressional district">1</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nick_LaLota" title="Nick LaLota">Nick LaLota</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="New York's 2nd congressional district">2</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garbarino" title="Andrew Garbarino">Andrew Garbarino</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="New York's 3rd congressional district">3</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Suozzi" title="Tom Suozzi">Tom Suozzi</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="New York's 4th congressional district">4</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_D%27Esposito" title="Anthony D'Esposito">Anthony D'Esposito</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="New York's 5th congressional district">5</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Meeks" title="Gregory Meeks">Gregory Meeks</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="New York's 6th congressional district">6</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grace_Meng" title="Grace Meng">Grace Meng</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="New York's 7th congressional district">7</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nydia_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Nydia Velázquez">Nydia Velázquez</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="New York's 8th congressional district">8</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Hakeem Jeffries</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="New York's 9th congressional district">9</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yvette_Clarke" title="Yvette Clarke">Yvette Clarke</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="New York's 10th congressional district">10</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Goldman" title="Dan Goldman">Dan Goldman</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="New York's 11th congressional district">11</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malliotakis" title="Nicole Malliotakis">Nicole Malliotakis</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="New York's 12th congressional district">12</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nadler" title="Jerry Nadler">Jerry Nadler</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="New York's 13th congressional district">13</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Espaillat" title="Adriano Espaillat">Adriano Espaillat</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="New York's 14th congressional district">14</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="New York's 15th congressional district">15</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Torres" title="Ritchie Torres">Ritchie Torres</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="New York's 16th congressional district">16</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman">Jamaal Bowman</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="New York's 17th congressional district">17</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lawler" title="Mike Lawler">Mike Lawler</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="New York's 18th congressional district">18</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Ryan_(politician)" title="Pat Ryan (politician)">Pat Ryan</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="New York's 19th congressional district">19</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marc_Molinaro" title="Marc Molinaro">Marc Molinaro</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="New York's 20th congressional district">20</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tonko" title="Paul Tonko">Paul Tonko</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_21st_congressional_district" title="New York's 21st congressional district">21</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Elise Stefanik</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_22nd_congressional_district" title="New York's 22nd congressional district">22</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Williams_(politician)" title="Brandon Williams (politician)">Brandon Williams</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_23rd_congressional_district" title="New York's 23rd congressional district">23</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nick_Langworthy" title="Nick Langworthy">Nick Langworthy</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_24th_congressional_district" title="New York's 24th congressional district">24</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Tenney" title="Claudia Tenney">Claudia Tenney</a> (R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_25th_congressional_district" title="New York's 25th congressional district">25</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Morelle" title="Joseph Morelle">Joseph Morelle</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_26th_congressional_district" title="New York's 26th congressional district">26</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kennedy_(politician)" title="Tim Kennedy (politician)">Tim Kennedy</a> (D)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions of New York</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/200px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/300px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg/400px-Map_of_New_York_Economic_Regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Downstate_New_York" title="Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> (Lower)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> (Middle and Upper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley" title="Mohawk Valley">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western New York</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in New York">Places (including hamlets)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Timelines of town creation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Downstate_New_York" title="Timeline of town creation in Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_the_Hudson_Valley" title="Timeline of town creation in the Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_Capital_District" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's Capital District">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_North_Country" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's North Country">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Central_New_York" title="Timeline of town creation in Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_town_creation_in_New_York%27s_Southern_Tier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of town creation in New York's Southern Tier (page does not exist)">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_town_creation_in_Western_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of town creation in Western New York (page does not exist)">Western New York</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_New_York" title="Template:Regions of New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_New_York" title="Template talk:Regions of New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>administrative divisions of New York</b> are the various units of government that provide <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local services</a> in the American <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">state of New York</a>. The state is divided into <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">boroughs</a>, counties, cities, towns, and villages. (The only boroughs, the five boroughs of New York City, have the same boundaries as their respective counties.) They are <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">municipal corporations</a>, chartered (created) by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a>, as under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York" title="Constitution of New York">New York State Constitution</a> the only body that can create governmental units is the state. All of them have their own governments, sometimes with no paid employees, that provide local services.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Centers of population that are not incorporated and have no government or local services are designated <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hamlet">hamlets</a>. Whether a <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> is defined as a borough, city, town, or village is determined not by <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> or land area, but rather on the form of government selected by the residents and approved by the New York State Legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each type of local government is granted specific <a href="/wiki/Home_rule_in_the_United_States" title="Home rule in the United States">home rule</a> powers by the New York State Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are still occasional changes as a village becomes a city, or a village dissolves (stops existing), each of which requires legislative action. New York also has various corporate entities that provide local services and have their own administrative structures (governments), such as school and fire districts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are not found in all counties. </p><p>Almost every piece of land in the state is part of a city or town, which is part of one county. The exceptions are the city of <a href="/wiki/Geneva,_New_York" title="Geneva, New York">Geneva</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; and <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York (state)">ten Indian reservations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IRcount_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRcount-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, New York has 62 counties<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (including New York City's <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">five boroughs</a>), which are subdivided into 933 towns<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 61 cities (including Geneva in both Ontario and Seneca counties, but excluding New York City and <a href="/wiki/Sherrill,_New_York" title="Sherrill, New York">Sherrill</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, the state has more than 3,400 active local governments and more than 4,200 taxing jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EO11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EO11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home_rule">Home rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Home rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Home_rule_in_the_United_States" title="Home rule in the United States">Home rule in the United States</a></div> <p>Counties and incorporated municipal governments (also known as "general purpose units of local government"; i.e., cities, towns and villages) in the State of New York have been granted broad <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> powers enabling them to provide services to their residents and to regulate the quality of life within their jurisdictions. They do so while adhering to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York" title="Constitution of New York">Constitution of the State of New York</a>. Articles VIII (titled "Local Finances") and IX (titled "Local Government", but commonly referred to as the "Home Rule" article) of the state constitution establish the rights and responsibilities of the municipal governments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New York State Constitution provides for democratically elected legislative bodies for counties, cities, towns and villages. These legislative bodies are granted the power to enact local laws as needed in order to provide services to their citizens and fulfill their various obligations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="County">County</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: County"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">List of counties in New York</a></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 750px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Map of New York showing county borders" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_New_York_counties.svg/750px-Map_of_New_York_counties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="750" height="564" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_New_York_counties.svg/1125px-Map_of_New_York_counties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_New_York_counties.svg/1500px-Map_of_New_York_counties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="476" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:560px; top:335px"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_New_York" title="Columbia County, New York">Columbia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:565px; top:285px"><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:5px; top:343px"><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:73px; top:340px"><a href="/wiki/Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:146px; top:336px"><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_New_York" title="Allegany County, New York">Allegany</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:204px; top:341px"><a href="/wiki/Steuben_County,_New_York" title="Steuben County, New York">Steuben</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:263px; top:357px"><a href="/wiki/Chemung_County,_New_York" title="Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:313px; top:350px"><a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_New_York" title="Tioga County, New York">Tioga</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:354px"><a href="/wiki/Broome_County,_New_York" title="Broome County, New York">Broome</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:428px; top:347px"><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_New_York" title="Delaware County, New York">Delaware</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:450px; top:406px"><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_New_York" title="Sullivan County, New York">Sullivan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:509px; top:381px"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:552px; top:392px"><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:553px; top:441px"><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:557px; top:462px"><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:517px; top:477px"><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:631px; top:513px"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:568px; top:523px"><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:552px; top:534px"><a href="/wiki/Queens_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens County, New York">Queens</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:538px; top:554px"><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings County, New York">Kings</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:476px; top:548px"><a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond County, New York">Richmond</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:500px; top:518px"><a href="/wiki/New_York_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York County, New York">New York</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:520px; top:504px"><a href="/wiki/Bronx_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx County, New York">Bronx</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:496px; top:444px"><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:93px; top:275px"><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:125px; top:281px"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_County,_New_York" title="Wyoming County, New York">Wyoming</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:170px; top:273px"><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_New_York" title="Livingston County, New York">Livingston</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:213px; top:261px"><a href="/wiki/Ontario_County,_New_York" title="Ontario County, New York">Ontario</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:233px; top:288px"><a href="/wiki/Yates_County,_New_York" title="Yates County, New York">Yates</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:259px; top:264px"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_County,_New_York" title="Seneca County, New York">Seneca</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:253px; top:320px"><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_New_York" title="Schuyler County, New York">Schuyler</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:291px; top:310px"><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:329px; top:291px"><a href="/wiki/Cortland_County,_New_York" title="Cortland County, New York">Cortland</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:366px; top:308px"><a href="/wiki/Chenango_County,_New_York" title="Chenango County, New York">Chenango</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:429px; top:288px"><a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_New_York" title="Otsego County, New York">Otsego</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:479px; top:297px"><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_County,_New_York" title="Schoharie County, New York">Schoharie</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:531px; top:296px"><a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:513px; top:335px"><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_New_York" title="Greene County, New York">Greene</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:516px; top:267px"><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:539px; top:229px"><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:575px; top:198px"><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_New_York" title="Washington County, New York">Washington</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:538px; top:171px"><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_York" title="Warren County, New York">Warren</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:76px; top:220px"><a href="/wiki/Niagara_County,_New_York" title="Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:125px; top:244px"><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_New_York" title="Genesee County, New York">Genesee</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:126px; top:215px"><a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_New_York" title="Orleans County, New York">Orleans</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:182px; top:227px"><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:240px; top:226px"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:291px; top:278px"><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:313px; top:244px"><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:370px; top:267px"><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_New_York" title="Madison County, New York">Madison</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:478px; top:254px"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_New_York" title="Montgomery County, New York">Montgomery</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:489px; top:230px"><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_New_York" title="Fulton County, New York">Fulton</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:387px; top:215px"><a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:320px; top:192px"><a href="/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:388px; top:151px"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_New_York" title="Lewis County, New York">Lewis</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:339px; top:110px"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:436px; top:181px"><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:474px; top:157px"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_New_York" title="Hamilton County, New York">Hamilton</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:548px; top:108px"><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_York" title="Essex County, New York">Essex</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:402px; top:59px"><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">St. Lawrence</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:498px; top:43px"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_New_York" title="Franklin County, New York">Franklin</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:560px; top:26px"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_New_York" title="Clinton County, New York">Clinton</a></div> </div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">county</a> is the primary administrative division of New York. There are sixty-two counties in the state. Five of the counties are <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York#Boroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New York">boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">the City of New York</a> and do not have functioning county governments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While originally created as subdivisions of the state meant to carry out state functions, counties are now considered municipal corporations with the power and fiscal capacity to provide an array of local government services.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such services generally include law enforcement and public safety, social and health services (such as <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>), and education (special needs and community colleges).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook48–49_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook48–49-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Every county outside of New York City has a <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GR6_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR6-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is the location of county government.<sup id="cite_ref-countyseatdefinition_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-countyseatdefinition-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nineteen counties operate under county charters, while 38 operate under the general provisions of the County Law. Although all counties have a certain latitude to govern themselves, "charter counties" are afforded greater home rule powers. The charter counties are <a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broome_County,_New_York" title="Broome County, New York">Broome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemung_County,_New_York" title="Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook42–43_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook42–43-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sixteen counties are governed through an assembly with the power of a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_supervisors" title="Board of supervisors">board of supervisors</a>, composed of the supervisors of its constituent towns and cities. In most of these counties, each supervisor's vote is weighted in accordance with the town's population in order to abide by the U.S. Supreme Court mandate of "<a href="/wiki/One_person,_one_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="One person, one vote">one person, one vote</a>". Other counties have legislative districts of equal population, which may cross municipal borders; these counties may also have an elected County Executive. Most counties in New York do not use the term "Board of Supervisors." 34 counties have a County Legislature, six counties have a Board of Legislators, and one county has a Board of Representatives. The five counties, or boroughs, of New York City are governed by a 51-member City Council.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In non-charter counties, the legislative body exercises executive power as well. Although the legislature can delegate certain functions and duties to a county administrator, who acts on behalf of the legislature, the legislature must maintain ultimate control over the actions of the administrator. Many, but not all, charter counties have an elected executive who is independent of the legislature; the exact form of government is defined in the County Charter.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City">City</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_York" title="List of municipalities in New York">List of municipalities in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg/170px-AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg/255px-AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg/340px-AlbanyNYCityHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1876" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albany_City_Hall" title="Albany City Hall">Albany City Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">seat of local government</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">New York's capital city</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In New York, each <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> is a highly <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous incorporated area</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that, with the exceptions of New York City<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva,_New_York" title="Geneva, New York">Geneva</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GenevaUSGS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GenevaUSGS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is contained within one county. Cities in New York are classified by the U.S. Census Bureau as incorporated places.<sup id="cite_ref-incorporatedplace_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incorporatedplace-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provide almost all services to their <a href="/wiki/Domicile_(law)" title="Domicile (law)">residents</a> and have the highest degree of home rule and taxing <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> over their residents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The main difference between a city and a village is that cities are organized and governed according to their <a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter" title="Municipal charter">charters</a>, which can differ widely among cities,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51–52_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51–52-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while most villages are subject to a uniform statewide Village Law (twelve villages still operate under charters issued by the state legislature prior to a revision of the State Constitution in 1874 that forbade chartering villages).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, villages are part of a town (or towns; some villages cross town borders), with residents who pay taxes to and receive services from the town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51–52_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51–52-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cities are neither part of nor subordinate to towns<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51–52_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51–52-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for the city of <a href="/wiki/Sherrill,_New_York" title="Sherrill, New York">Sherrill</a>, which for some purposes is treated as if it were a village of the town of <a href="/wiki/Vernon_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernon (town), New York">Vernon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherrill_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherrill-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cities are completely surrounded by a town, typically of the same name. </p><p>There are sixty-two cities in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 54.1% of state residents were living in a city; 42.2% were living in New York City; 11.9% were living in one of the other 61 cities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook6_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1686, the English colonial governor granted the cities of New York and <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> city charters, which were recognized by the first State Constitution in 1777. All other cities have been established by act of the state legislature and have been granted a charter. Cities have been granted the power to revise their charters or adopt new ones. There are no minimum population or area requirements in order to become a city. While there is no defined process for how and when a village becomes a city, the Legislature requires clear evidence, usually in the form of a locally drafted charter, that the community in question seeks to incorporate as a city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The forms of government cities can have are council–manager, strong mayor–council, weak mayor–council or commission. Forty-six cities, the majority, use the mayor–council form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Strong mayor–council – An elective mayor serves as the chief executive and administrative head of the city. A <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">city council</a> serves as a legislature. The mayor has veto power over council decisions, prepares a budget, and appoints and removes agency heads. This form sometimes includes a professional administrator appointed by the mayor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Weak mayor–council – The mayor is a ceremonial figure. The city council serves as both a legislature and executive committee. There is generally no mayoral veto.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Council–manager – The mayor, if such a position exists, is ceremonial only. A professional administrator, appointed by the city council, serves as the administrative head. While empowered to appoint and remove agency heads and responsible for preparing a budget, the administrator does not have veto power. The city council serves as the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Commission – Elected commissioners administer individual city departments and together act as a legislature. This form sometimes includes an administrator. There is no mayor, although commissioners sometimes assume mayoral ceremonial duties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook53–55-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The City of New York is a special case. The state legislature reorganized government in the area in the 1890s in an effort to consolidate. Other cities, villages, and towns were <a href="/wiki/Municipal_annexation_in_the_United_States" title="Municipal annexation in the United States">annexed</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to become the "<a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">City of Greater New York</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-nassausplit_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nassausplit-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (an unofficial term, the new city retained the name of New York), a process basically completed in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of consolidation, <a href="/wiki/Queens_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens County, New York">Queens County</a> was split. Its western towns joined the city, leaving three towns that were never part of the consolidation plan as part of Queens County but not part of the new Borough of Queens. (A small portion of the Town of Hempstead was itself annexed, also.) The next year (1899), the three eastern towns of Queens County separated to become <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nassausplit_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nassausplit-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city today consists of the entire area of five counties (named New York, Kings, Queens, Bronx, and Richmond).<sup id="cite_ref-nyccounties_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyccounties-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While these counties have no county government, boroughs—with boundaries coterminous with the county boundaries—each have a Borough Board made up of the Borough President, the borough's district council members, and the chairpersons of the borough's community boards. A mayor serves as the city's chief executive officer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most populous and largest city in the state is <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, with a population of over 8.5 million inhabitants and comprising just over 300 sq mi (777.00 km<sup>2</sup>) of land (468.87 sq mi (1,214.368 km<sup>2</sup>) total area, which includes water). The least populous city is <a href="/wiki/Sherrill,_New_York" title="Sherrill, New York">Sherrill, New York</a>, with just 3,071 inhabitants in 2010. The smallest city by area is <a href="/wiki/Mechanicville,_New_York" title="Mechanicville, New York">Mechanicville, New York</a>, which covers 0.91 sq mi (2.4 km<sup>2</sup>) (of which 0.08 sq mi (0.2 km<sup>2</sup>) is water).<sup id="cite_ref-censustable_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censustable-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some places containing the word "city" in their name are not cities. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Johnson_City,_New_York" title="Johnson City, New York">Johnson City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_New_York" title="Garden City, New York">Garden City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_City,_New_York" title="New City, New York">New City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook54–55_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook54–55-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wards_and_other_submunicipal_divisions">Wards and other submunicipal divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wards and other submunicipal divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wards_of_New_York_City" title="Wards of New York City">Wards of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wards_of_New_York_City_1683.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wards_of_New_York_City_1683.svg/220px-Wards_of_New_York_City_1683.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wards_of_New_York_City_1683.svg/330px-Wards_of_New_York_City_1683.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Wards_of_New_York_City_1683.svg/440px-Wards_of_New_York_City_1683.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>The wards of New York City as established in 1683</figcaption></figure> <p>Several cities, such as Albany, are divided into <i>wards</i> for the purposes of municipal representation. Each ward elects one member to the city's legislative body, and the wards are redistricted roughly every ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-Albany_wards_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albany_wards-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These divisions can go by other names by city; in Buffalo they are known as <i>districts</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Buffalo_districts_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buffalo_districts-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These divisions can either be numbered or named. New York City was divided into wards at various times in its history between 1683 and 1938, although they were gradually replaced by Assembly and Senate districts starting in the mid-19th century; the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a> is currently elected from special districts, which are allowed to cross borough lines.<sup id="cite_ref-NYC_Districts_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYC_Districts-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New York City has a unique system of divisions, some of which possess governmental power, see <a href="#Divisions_unique_to_New_York_City">Divisions unique to New York City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Town">Town</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Town"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_York" title="List of municipalities in New York">List of municipalities in New York</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">List of towns in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_State_Municipalities.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/New_York_State_Municipalities.svg/330px-New_York_State_Municipalities.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/New_York_State_Municipalities.svg/495px-New_York_State_Municipalities.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/New_York_State_Municipalities.svg/660px-New_York_State_Municipalities.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Map showing municipalities in New York, as well as cities not included within a town. New York City is shown as divided into boroughs.</figcaption></figure> <p>In New York, a <a href="/wiki/Town#New_York" title="Town">town</a> is a municipal corporation,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the major division of each county (excluding the <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">five boroughs</a> that comprise <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>), very similar to <a href="/wiki/Township_(United_States)" title="Township (United States)">townships</a> in other states such as Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. Towns in New York are classified by the U.S. Census Bureau as <a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">minor civil divisions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-censustown_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censustown-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like New Jersey and <a href="/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">southern New England</a>, all of New York is incorporated; all residents who do not live in a city or on an <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> live in a town. </p><p>Towns provide or arrange for the primary functions of local government. While some provide most <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipal</a> services for all town residents and selected services for residents of villages, some provide little more than road maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook59–66_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook59–66-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 933 towns in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 45.8% of state residents were living in a town; 35.9% were living in a town but outside a village.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook6_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas cities and villages can cross county boundaries, each town in New York is completely contained within a single county. </p><p>New York towns are classified by statute as being a <i>town of the first class</i> or a <i>town of the second class</i>. Additionally, a town of the first class can further be classified as a <i>suburban town</i> upon meeting certain criteria. Originally, towns of different classes possessed different powers. Since 1964, all towns, regardless of classification, have had the same legal powers as were once available only to suburban towns. Even so, towns of different classifications continue to have organizational differences and certain conditions that must be met before a town's classification changes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook61_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook61-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Town_council" title="Town council">town board</a> serves as the legislative branch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook61–62_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook61–62-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board is composed of one elected town supervisor (or chief executive officer in suburban towns) and a specific number of elected council persons; towns of the second class generally have two but may have four council persons, whereas towns of the first class generally have four but can have two or six.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook61_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook61-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The supervisor presides over the board, voting on all matters but not possessing <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> or tie-breaking power. Certain towns operate under a town manager form of government, creating an <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> branch in the town government, as permitted by legislation enacted in 1976. As such, some supervisors have additional authority or executive powers, whereas some towns have town managers or chief executive officers who serve as the executive branch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook62_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook62-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All town justices were originally part of a town's board. Today, justices belong to a separate judicial branch<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook62_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook62-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known as Town Court or Justice Court, part of <a href="/wiki/Justice_Courts_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice Courts (New York)">New York's Justice Court</a> system.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A town may contain one or more villages.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many towns have no villages. Five towns are coterminous with their single village and share the same name: <a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_New_York" title="Green Island, New York">Green Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany County</a>; <a href="/wiki/East_Rochester,_New_York" title="East Rochester, New York">East Rochester</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe County</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Scarsdale,_New_York" title="Scarsdale, New York">Scarsdale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrison,_New_York" title="Harrison, New York">Harrison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kisco,_New_York" title="Mount Kisco, New York">Mount Kisco</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County</a>. A sixth, the town of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Tree,_New_York" title="Palm Tree, New York">Palm Tree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange County</a> was incorporated in 2019 and is coterminous with the village of <a href="/wiki/Kiryas_Joel,_New_York" title="Kiryas Joel, New York">Kiryas Joel</a>, having acquired land from the town of <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_New_York" title="Monroe, New York">Monroe</a>. When such an entity is formed, officials from either unit of government may serve in both village and town governments simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A referendum is held to decide whether residents prefer a village-style or town-style government, which will then function primarily as a village or town but will perform some of the functions of the other form.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Villages remain part of the towns in which they are located; village residents pay both town and village taxes, and vote in both town and village elections. </p><p>Towns can contain several hamlets and communities. If the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> (USPS) has a post office in a hamlet it often will use the name of that hamlet, as will the local fire department or elementary school. Businesses may also use the name of a hamlet as part of their name. The United States <a href="/wiki/Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a> will, with consideration from the town, designate a <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">census-designated place</a> (CDP) that may use the name of one or more hamlets, though boundaries may differ from what is used by the ZIP code, local fire department, etc. </p><p>Towns in New York may be further subdivided into wards, although as of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, only fifteen of the state's 932 towns used this system.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In towns operating under the ward system, citizens vote for councilmen who represent a specific area (ward) of the town, as opposed to the at-large councilmen elected in the majority of the state's towns. </p><p>Towns vary in size and population. The largest town by area is <a href="/wiki/Brookhaven,_New_York" title="Brookhaven, New York">Brookhaven</a> (<a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk County</a>), which covers 531.5 sq mi (1,377 km<sup>2</sup>), but more than half of that is water. The town of <a href="/wiki/Webb,_New_York" title="Webb, New York">Webb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer County</a>) has the greatest land area, at 451 sq mi (1,170 km<sup>2</sup>). The smallest town, <a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_New_York" title="Green Island, New York">Green Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany County</a>), covers 0.7 sq mi (1.8 km<sup>2</sup>). The town of <a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a>) has about 760,000 people (2010 census), making it more populous than any city in the state except <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Red_House,_New_York" title="Red House, New York">Red House</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus County</a>), the least populous, has 38 permanent residents (2010 census).<sup id="cite_ref-censustable_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censustable-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of "town" in a community's name is irrespective of municipal status. <a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_New_York" title="Elizabethtown, New York">Elizabethtown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germantown_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Germantown (town), New York">Germantown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephentown,_New_York" title="Stephentown, New York">Stephentown</a> are towns. <a href="/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York" title="Cooperstown, New York">Cooperstown</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a>, is a village, <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York" title="Jamestown, New York">Jamestown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Orange_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Middletown, Orange County, New York">Middletown</a> are cities, and <a href="/wiki/Levittown,_New_York" title="Levittown, New York">Levittown</a> is an unincorporated hamlet.<sup id="cite_ref-censustable_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censustable-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Census-designated_place">Census-designated place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Census-designated place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">List of census-designated places in New York</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">census-designated place</a> (CDP) is defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> as "a statistical entity defined for each decennial census according to Census Bureau guidelines, comprising a densely settled concentration of population"<sup id="cite_ref-CDP_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDP-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that is not part of a city or a village<sup id="cite_ref-criteria_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-criteria-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "but is locally identified by a name."<sup id="cite_ref-CDP_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDP-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CDPs may cross town and county borders.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CDPs are defined collaboratively by state and local officials and the Census Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-CDP_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDP-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are defined for each census, and it is commonplace to change boundaries and define new CDPs for each census.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Census Bureau formerly referred to CDPs as "unincorporated places" from 1950 through the 1970 decennial censuses.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2010_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2010-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term CDP was first used for the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980 census</a>, and minimum population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2010_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2010-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamlet">Hamlet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hamlet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024-06-20_14_48_46_Sign_for_the_hamlet_of_West_Sand_Lake_at_the_intersection_of_New_York_State_Route_43_and_New_York_State_Route_150_in_the_West_Sand_Lake_section_of_Sand_Lake,_Rensselaer_County,_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2024-06-20_14_48_46_Sign_for_the_hamlet_of_West_Sand_Lake_at_the_intersection_of_New_York_State_Route_43_and_New_York_State_Route_150_in_the_West_Sand_Lake_section_of_Sand_Lake%2C_Rensselaer_County%2C_New_York.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2024-06-20_14_48_46_Sign_for_the_hamlet_of_West_Sand_Lake_at_the_intersection_of_New_York_State_Route_43_and_New_York_State_Route_150_in_the_West_Sand_Lake_section_of_Sand_Lake%2C_Rensselaer_County%2C_New_York.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/2024-06-20_14_48_46_Sign_for_the_hamlet_of_West_Sand_Lake_at_the_intersection_of_New_York_State_Route_43_and_New_York_State_Route_150_in_the_West_Sand_Lake_section_of_Sand_Lake%2C_Rensselaer_County%2C_New_York.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Sign for the Hamlet of <a href="/wiki/West_Sand_Lake,_New_York" title="West Sand Lake, New York">West Sand Lake</a> within the Town of <a href="/wiki/Sand_Lake,_New_York" title="Sand Lake, New York">Sand Lake, New York</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Though the term "hamlet" is not defined under New York law, many people in the state use the term <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlet</a> to refer to a community within a town that is not incorporated as a village but is identified by a name, i.e. an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated community</a>. A hamlet often has a name corresponding to the name of a local <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post_office" title="Post office">post office</a>, or fire district.<sup id="cite_ref-Suffolk_GIS_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suffolk_GIS-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because a hamlet has no government of its own, it depends upon the town or towns that contain it for municipal services and government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because they do not have governments, hamlets have no clear <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">boundaries</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk County</a> publishes maps that give hamlet boundaries,<sup id="cite_ref-Suffolk_GIS_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suffolk_GIS-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but towns within the county also publish maps that conflict both in the number of hamlets and their boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, all land not within a village is administered by the town. </p><p>Most of the rest of New York's hamlets, however, have less well-defined boundaries, and most towns have areas that are not considered to be a part of any hamlet. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York State Department of Transportation">New York State Department of Transportation</a> (NYSDOT) puts hamlet names on rectangular green signs with white lettering at roadside locations of its choosing.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NYSDOT and local governments also provide community identification signs on some <a href="/wiki/Scenic_route" title="Scenic route">scenic byways</a> to be placed at the roadside boundaries of hamlets, as decided by the sign provider.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many towns have special <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> or planning districts and planning strategies for their hamlets,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many places welcome signs at the gateways to the hamlets.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some hamlets are former villages that have dissolved their incorporation (<a href="/wiki/Old_Forge,_New_York" title="Old Forge, New York">Old Forge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer County</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rosendale_(CDP),_New_York" title="Rosendale (CDP), New York">Rosendale</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster County</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Andes_(CDP),_New_York" title="Andes (CDP), New York">Andes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_New_York" title="Delaware County, New York">Delaware County</a>, for example).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook72–73_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook72–73-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notwithstanding hamlets are not cities or towns, many of them are called out in formal addresses for those residents residing within the limits. Based on the ZIP Code, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> (USPS) identifies the correct location for mail delivery. </p><p>The <i>New York State Gazetteer</i>, published by the New York State Department of Health in 1995, includes a list of hamlets in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The criteria used for inclusion in the <i>Gazetteer</i> are not stated. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Park#Park_management" title="Adirondack Park">Adirondack Park Agency</a> also uses the term "hamlet", though as a land-use classification for private land under its Adirondack Park Land Use and Development Plan (APLUDP). The APLUDP extends the boundaries for its classification of hamlets "well beyond established settlements" to allow for growth.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Village">Village</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Village"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_York" title="List of municipalities in New York">List of municipalities in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Village_of_Pomona,_Rockland_County.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Village_of_Pomona%2C_Rockland_County.png/200px-Village_of_Pomona%2C_Rockland_County.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Village_of_Pomona%2C_Rockland_County.png/300px-Village_of_Pomona%2C_Rockland_County.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Village_of_Pomona%2C_Rockland_County.png/400px-Village_of_Pomona%2C_Rockland_County.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption>The village of <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_New_York" title="Pomona, New York">Pomona</a> (red) in <a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland County</a> is partly within two different towns.</figcaption></figure> <p>In New York, a <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">village</a> is an incorporated area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 85% of villages fall within a single town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Villages in the State of New York are classified by the Census Bureau as <a href="/wiki/Place_(United_States_Census_Bureau)#Incorporated_place" title="Place (United States Census Bureau)">incorporated places</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-incorporatedplace_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incorporatedplace-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like all municipal corporations, villages have clearly defined legal boundaries. A village is a municipality that provides services to the residents, services that may or may not include garbage collection, management of cemeteries, street and highway maintenance, street lighting, and building codes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some villages provide their own police and other municipal services. Villages have less autonomy than cities. While cities are not subject to a town's jurisdiction, villages legally remain part of the town or towns in which they are located. Village residents pay both town and village taxes, and vote in town and village elections.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those services not provided by the village are provided by the town or towns containing the village.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of the 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> census, 9.9% of the state's population was living in one of the 556 villages in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook6_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The legislature of a village is the board of trustees,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> composed of a mayor and (usually) four trustees.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The board is responsible for approving mayoral appointments, managing village finances and property, and approving a budget.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor, who is generally the chief executive of the village, may vote in all business before the board and must vote to break a tie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor generally does not possess veto power, unless this is provided for by local law.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Administrative duties of the mayor include enforcing laws and supervising employees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A village may also have a full-time village manager who performs these administrative duties instead of the mayor. In 2007, sixty-seven villages had such a manager.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70–71_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook70–71-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some villages have their own village justice, while others utilize the justice of the town or towns in which they are located.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook71_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook71-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While most villages are subject to a uniform statewide Village Law, twelve villages operate under charters issued by the state legislature prior to 1874. Before a revision to the State Constitution in that year, villages were formed by the state legislature through granting of charters. Many villages reincorporated, dumping their charters in favor of the Village Law. The villages that retain their charters are <a href="/wiki/Alexander_(village),_New_York" title="Alexander (village), New York">Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carthage,_New_York" title="Carthage, New York">Carthage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catskill_(village),_New_York" title="Catskill (village), New York">Catskill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cooperstown,_New_York" title="Cooperstown, New York">Cooperstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deposit_(village),_New_York" title="Deposit (village), New York">Deposit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredonia,_New_York" title="Fredonia, New York">Fredonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilion,_New_York" title="Ilion, New York">Ilion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohawk,_Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Mohawk, Herkimer County, New York">Mohawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossining_(village),_New_York" title="Ossining (village), New York">Ossining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owego_(village),_New_York" title="Owego (village), New York">Owego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Chester,_New_York" title="Port Chester, New York">Port Chester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waterford_(village),_New_York" title="Waterford (village), New York">Waterford</a>. These villages must still comply with those aspects of Village Law that are not inconsistent with their charters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To be incorporated, the area of the proposed village must have at least 1,500 inhabitants<sup id="cite_ref-NYS_2-200_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYS_2-200-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Times-Union_Seven_Springs_story_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-Union_Seven_Springs_story-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not be part of an existing city or village. Additionally, the proposed village can be no more than 5 square miles (13 km<sup>2</sup>) in area unless its boundaries are to be coterminous with a school, fire, improvement or other district, or the entire town.<sup id="cite_ref-NYS_2-200_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYS_2-200-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process of incorporation begins with a petition by either 20% of residents or owners of 50% of assessed real property. If deemed legally sufficient, incorporation is then voted upon by the qualified voters living in the proposed village only.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some villages have fewer than 500 residents, having incorporated before the present population requirement or fallen below the old 500-resident threshold after incorporation.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (February 2010)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A village may also be dissolved, returning all government control to the town level. The process of dissolution can be initiated by the village board itself, or upon the submission of a proper petition to the board. The village board must produce a "dissolution plan" that settles specific matters, such as the village's debts, its employees and property, and the financial impact dissolution would have on village and non-village town residents. This plan is voted upon by village voters only.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook72–73_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook72–73-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 15% of villages cross other municipal boundaries. More than 70 villages are located in two or more towns. Seven villages are in two counties. The village of <a href="/wiki/Saranac_Lake,_New_York" title="Saranac Lake, New York">Saranac Lake</a> is in three towns and two counties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67–68-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five towns are coterminous with their single village and have a <a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">coterminous town-village</a> form of government. </p><p>Despite their names, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, the <a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Queens_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens Village">Queens Village</a> are not villages, but <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">neighborhoods of the City of New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-censustable_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censustable-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisions_unique_to_New_York_City">Divisions unique to New York City</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Divisions unique to New York City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">Government of New York City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boroughs">Boroughs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Boroughs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Boroughs of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/220px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/330px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg/440px-5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1978" /></a><figcaption>The five boroughs of New York City:<br /> <b><span style="color:green;">1. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan"><span style="color:green;">Manhattan</span></a></span></b><br /> <b><span style="color:#f4cc0b;">2. <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn"><span style="color:#f4cc0b;">Brooklyn</span></a></span></b><br /> <b><span style="color:#ef7b2c;">3. <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens"><span style="color:#ef7b2c;">Queens</span></a></span></b><br /> <b><span style="color:#dc382c;">4. <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx"><span style="color:#dc382c;">The Bronx</span></a></span></b><br /> <b><span style="color:#8a3687;">5. <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island"><span style="color:#8a3687;">Staten Island</span></a></span></b></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">borough</a> is one of the five major administrative divisions of the consolidated <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">City of New York</a>. Boroughs do not currently exist elsewhere in the state. Each of the five boroughs of the city is coextensive with a county of the state of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under New York State's <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">General Municipal Law</a>, a borough results when the towns, villages and cities in a county merge with the county itself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This occurred in 1898 when New York City <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">merged</a> with surrounding counties, <a href="/wiki/List_of_former_municipalities_in_New_York_City" title="List of former municipalities in New York City">cities and towns</a> to form its present configuration. The five boroughs are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (New York County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County)</li></ul> <p>The boroughs were originally intended to retain some local governance in the consolidated city. Each borough individually elects a <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">borough president</a> and used to elect two at-large city council members, in addition to those elected based on each borough's population. The borough presidents once wielded considerable power as members of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">New York City Board of Estimate</a>, but the position is now largely ceremonial and advisory. Boroughs function as counties for certain purposes, but have no county government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five New York City <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorneys</a>, however, are still elected by county (for example, the district attorney for Brooklyn is called the Kings County District Attorney). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_districts">Community districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Community districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community boards of New York City</a></div> <p>There are fifty-nine community districts in New York City, each represented by an appointed advisory group called a community board. Each board consists of fifty unpaid members appointed by the borough president. Half of the members are nominated by the City Council members who represent the area. The power of the community boards is very limited. They serve in an advisory capacity regarding land use and zoning, budget, and various concerns of the community. The boards can recommend action on the part of the city government, but they cannot mandate it. Each is identified by borough name and a number (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_3" title="Manhattan Community Board 3">Manhattan Community Board 3</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_purpose_units_of_government">Special purpose units of government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Special purpose units of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In New York, <a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">special purpose units of government</a> provide specialized services only to those who live in the district, and are empowered to tax residents of the district for the services provided in common. Special districts often cross the lines of towns, villages, and hamlets, and occasionally cities or counties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_district">School district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: School district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_New_York" title="List of school districts in New York">List of school districts in New York</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/School_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="School districts">School districts</a> are the most common kind of special district in New York. They provide, arrange, or contract for all public education services, including special education and school transportation, the latter also for non-public schools.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>School districts are rarely precisely coextensive with the cities, towns, villages, or hamlets that bear the same name, meaning that a person living in one hamlet or village might send their children to a school associated with a different hamlet or village. Residents pay school taxes to the same school district in which they live and any children living with them attend school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All tax-paying residents are eligible for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_School_Tax_Relief_Program" title="New York State School Tax Relief Program">STAR Program</a> tax rebate, which in effect lessens the value of an individual's primary residence to lessen the tax burden on the residence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>All but five school districts are separate from municipal governments. The exceptions are the five cities whose populations exceed 125,000 (Buffalo, New York, Rochester, Syracuse and Yonkers), in which education is part of the municipal budget.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schools in the city of New York are controlled by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>, and the city is divided by the department into 11 "school regions" (10 geographic regions and a "District 75" for students with disabilities)<sup id="cite_ref-nycboe_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nycboe-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are five types of school districts in the state,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each with slightly different laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Common_school_district">Common school district</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Common school district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common school districts, established in 1812, were the first type of school district in the state. In July 2004, there were only 11 such districts remaining. They are not authorized to provide secondary education. They must, therefore, contract with neighboring school districts to provide <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> education for pupils in the district. Typically one trustee or a three-person board of trustees will govern the district.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Union_free_school_district">Union free school district</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Union free school district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Union_Free_School_District" title="Union Free School District">Union Free School District</a></div> <p>In 1853, the legislature established union free school districts, which are districts resulting from a "union" of two or more common school districts, "free" from the restrictions that previously barred them from operating high schools. In July 2004, there were 163 school districts of this type. Despite being able to operate high schools, thirty-one of these districts provided only elementary education. Those districts that are not components of central school districts provide secondary education either by contracting with other districts or being located in one of the three central high school districts. Each union free school district is governed by a three- to nine-member <a href="/wiki/Board_of_education" title="Board of education">board of education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75–76_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75–76-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_school_district">Central school district</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Central school district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Central school districts are the most prevalent type of school district in New York. In July 2004, there were 460 such districts. They began as a result of legislation in 1914. Central school districts may form from any number (including one) of common, union free, and/or central school districts. Central school districts are permitted to provide secondary education. Its board of education must consist of five, seven, or nine members and length of service must be three, four, or five years, each decided upon by the voters in the district.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_high_school_district">Central high school district</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Central high school district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not to be confused with central school districts, there are only three central high school districts in New York state, all in <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau County</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76–77_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76–77-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bellmore%E2%80%93Merrick_Central_High_School_District" title="Bellmore–Merrick Central High School District">Bellmore–Merrick Central High School District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bmchsd_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmchsd-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sewanhaka_Central_High_School_District" title="Sewanhaka Central High School District">Sewanhaka Central High School District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-schsd_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schsd-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Valley_Stream_Central_High_School_District" title="Valley Stream Central High School District">Valley Stream Central High School District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vschsd_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vschsd-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central high school districts provide secondary education to students in two or more common or union free districts. With creation authorized by the legislature in 1917 and repealed in 1944, creation was reauthorized exclusively for <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk County</a> in 1981. Such districts already established were not affected by the repeal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76–77_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76–77-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_school_district">City school district</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: City school district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In those cities with populations exceeding 125,000 (New York City, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a>), the city school districts are coterminous with the city limits, and education is part of the municipal budget. These districts cannot incur debts or levy taxes. The governmental structure in all of these except for New York is that of an elected or appointed board of education. New York's public education is headed by a chancellor and has a 13-member all-appointed Department of Education Panel for Education Policy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city school districts for the 57 cities having fewer than 125,000 people are separate from the municipal government and are authorized to levy taxes and incur debt. Each of them is governed by an elected <a href="/wiki/Board_of_education" title="Board of education">board of education</a> with five, seven, or nine members. Districts for smaller cities often extend beyond the city borders and are referred to as "enlarged city school districts", seven of which have reorganized as "central city school districts".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook76-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supervisory_school_district_(BOCES)"><span id="Supervisory_school_district_.28BOCES.29"></span>Supervisory school district (BOCES)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Supervisory school district (BOCES)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Owing to the extremely large number (730)<sup id="cite_ref-districtcount_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-districtcount-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of school districts, many of which are quite small, most of them are organized into 37<sup id="cite_ref-bocescount_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bocescount-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supervisory districts. Each of these has a <a href="/wiki/Boards_of_Cooperative_Educational_Services" title="Boards of Cooperative Educational Services">Board of Cooperative Educational Services</a> (BOCES). Each BOCES provides services that are considered difficult for the component school districts to provide on their own, often including special classes for students with disabilities, trades, medical professions such as physical therapy or other specialized classes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_district">Fire district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Fire district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fire districts are public corporations that generally provide fire protection and other emergency response in towns outside villages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fire district can levy taxes and incur debt just like other general purpose municipal corporations,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although fire districts do not have home rule powers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79–80_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79–80-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the taxes are generally collected by the town or towns that the district serves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fire districts depend on their towns for initial establishment, expansion of district territory, and dissolution, but are otherwise thereafter autonomous political entities<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> able to exercise only those specific powers granted to them by statute.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79–80_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79–80-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The district is governed by a board of elected commissioners.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Villages generally provide their own fire protection, but joint town-village fire districts are permitted. A Joint Fire District is a fire district that encompasses more than one town, wholly or in part, and may also include a village. This is some times done to reduce duplication of services in a small area or to help spread the tax burden when there is a large difference in tax base between neighboring towns. A joint fire district may also be formed when a fire department in a village that has fire protection districts in the surrounding towns separates itself from the village government to obtain greater self-governance. This was seen in 2003 when the fire department in the village of <a href="/wiki/Baldwinsville" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwinsville">Baldwinsville</a> formed a joint fire district consisting of the village of Baldwinsville and parts of the towns of <a href="/wiki/Lysander,_New_York" title="Lysander, New York">Lysander</a> and <a href="/wiki/Van_Buren,_New_York" title="Van Buren, New York">Van Buren</a> in <a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Onondaga County">Onondaga County</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There were 868 fire districts in New York at the end of 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook79-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_protection_district">Fire protection district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fire protection district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fire protection district is established by a town board in order to contract fire protection services with any city, village, fire district or incorporated fire company. Unlike fire districts, fire protection districts are not authorized to levy property taxes and do not have an independently elected board of commissioners. The levy to support fire protection districts is part of the town levy and the oversight of the district is via the town board.<sup id="cite_ref-fire-protection-district_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fire-protection-district-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_benefit_corporation/authority"><span id="Public_benefit_corporation.2Fauthority"></span>Public benefit corporation/authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Public benefit corporation/authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_public_benefit_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State public benefit corporations">Public benefit corporations</a> in New York operate like quasi-private corporations, generally with boards appointed by elected officials. They are a form of government bureaucracy in one sense but, unlike government agencies, public benefit corporations are exempt from some regulations. Of particular importance, they can take out their own debt, allowing them to bypass legal limits on state debt. This allows them to make potentially risky capital and infrastructure investments without putting so much of the credit of New York on the line. However, it also allows them to avoid many of the oversight and reporting regulations that apply to state government. </p><p>Public benefit corporations get charters from New York and are usually designed to perform a specific, narrow function in the public interest. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> manages <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation">public transportation</a> in the New York Metropolitan Area (this includes the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York subway</a> and public bus systems, as well as <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Triborough_Bridge_and_Tunnel_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority">Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority</a>). The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Thruway_Authority" title="New York State Thruway Authority">New York State Thruway Authority</a> originally only maintained the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Thruway" title="New York State Thruway">New York State Thruway</a> from New York City to the Pennsylvania border southwest of <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, but now maintains the toll-free <a href="/wiki/Interstate_287" title="Interstate 287">Interstate 287</a> corridor. Many regions also have authorities to manage their local public transportation such as the <a href="/wiki/Central_New_York_Regional_Transportation_Authority" title="Central New York Regional Transportation Authority">Central New York Regional Transportation Authority</a>, which manages public transportation in <a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a> counties; and the <a href="/wiki/Capital_District_Transportation_Authority" title="Capital District Transportation Authority">Capital District Transportation Authority</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a> area around <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs,_New_York" title="Saratoga Springs, New York">Saratoga Springs</a>. </p><p>At the end of 2005, there were 866 public benefit corporations,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook81_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook81-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 266 were public authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook159_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook159-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library_district">Library district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Library district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Library districts are usually coextensive with the same school district but raise taxes separately and serve all the residents of the library district. They often form cooperative associations with other library districts for shared services, purchasing and cross-library lending. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lake_Protection_and_Rehabilitation_district">Lake Protection and Rehabilitation district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lake Protection and Rehabilitation district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lake Protection and Rehabilitation districts are created to allow local government entities raise additional tax funding for projects in and around lakes. The NY State legislature defines these projects and duties as: </p><p>Initiating and coordinating research and surveys for the purpose of gathering data on the lake, related shorelands, and the drainage basin;<br /> Planning lake rehabilitation projects;<br /> Adopting by resolution rules for carrying out their duties and plans for lake rehabilitation projects;<br /> Contacting and attempting to secure the cooperation of officials of units of general purpose government in the area for the purpose of enacting ordinances deemed necessary by the board of supervisors as furthering the objectives of the district;<br /> Carrying out lake protection and rehabilitation projects and obtaining any necessary permits therefor; and<br /> Maintaining liaison with those officials of state government and local government involved in lake protection and rehabilitation.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_types_of_special_purpose_units">Other types of special purpose units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other types of special purpose units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other special districts may include emergency rescue squads (also known as Consolidated Health Districts), sanitation, police, water, sewer, park, and parking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span 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class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGibsonManz2004" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Ellen M.; Manz, William H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQ09RL0CY8IC&pg=PA257"><i>Gibson's New York Legal Research Guide</i></a> (3rd ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. pp. 257–258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57588-728-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57588-728-2"><bdi>1-57588-728-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004042477">2004042477</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54455036">54455036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gibson%27s+New+York+Legal+Research+Guide&rft.pages=257-258&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Wm.+S.+Hein+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54455036&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2004042477&rft.isbn=1-57588-728-2&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Ellen+M.&rft.au=Manz%2C+William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgQ09RL0CY8IC%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook67_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook51_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook60_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook29–37_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, pp. 29–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IRcount-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IRcount_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/current_forms/st/dtf801.pdf">"Certificate of Individual Indian Exemption from State Taxes on Property or Services Delivered on a Reservation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New York State Department of Taxation and Finance</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+State+Department+of+Taxation+and+Finance&rft.atitle=Certificate+of+Individual+Indian+Exemption+from+State+Taxes+on+Property+or+Services+Delivered+on+a+Reservation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tax.ny.gov%2Fpdf%2Fcurrent_forms%2Fst%2Fdtf801.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook39_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook68–70_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, pp. 68–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.census.gov/govs/cog/2012isd.pdf">"Individual State Descriptions: 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2012 Census of Governments. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. September 2013. p. 203.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Individual+State+Descriptions%3A+2012&rft.series=2012+Census+of+Governments&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgovs%2Fcog%2F2012isd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EO11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EO11_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernor_Eliot_Spitzer2007" class="citation web cs1">Governor Eliot Spitzer (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070812024405/http://www.nyslocalgov.org/pdf/Executiveorder.pdf">"Executive Order No. 11: Establishing the New York State Commission on Local Government Efficiency and Competitiveness"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. State of New York. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyslocalgov.org/pdf/Executiveorder.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Order+No.+11%3A+Establishing+the+New+York+State+Commission+on+Local+Government+Efficiency+and+Competitiveness.&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=State+of+New+York&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Governor+Eliot+Spitzer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyslocalgov.org%2Fpdf%2FExecutiveorder.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook48–49-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook48–49_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GR6-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GR6_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">"Find a County"</a>. National Association of Counties. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx">the original</a> on May 31, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Find+a+County&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Counties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naco.org%2FCounties%2FPages%2FFindACounty.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-countyseatdefinition-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-countyseatdefinition_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/standarddictiona2006napl"><i>The New International Webster's Standard Dictionary</i></a></span> (2 ed.). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US3651495&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on">the original</a> on June 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+North+Bay+Shore+CDP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FMapItDrawServlet%3Fgeo_id%3D16000US3651495%26_bucket_id%3D50%26tree_id%3D420%26context%3Dsaff%26_lang%3Den%26_sse%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/design/dqab/hdm/hdm-repository/chapt_11B.pdf">"Appendix 11B Decorative Community Gateway Signing and/or Landscaping on State Highway Right of Way"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Many of these "villages" were little more than three or four estate owners banding together to form a municipality.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Higley+1000&rft.atitle=The+Gold+Coast+of+Long+Island&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.aulast=Higley&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhigley1000.com%2Farchives%2F55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook75_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nycboe-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nycboe_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928214322/http://www.nycboe.net/OurSchools/default.htm">"Our Schools"</a>. New York City Department of Education. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>. <q>The Bellmore-Merrick Central High School District is located on the South Shore of Long Island, New York, serving 7th through 12th-grade students from Bellmore, North Bellmore, Merrick and North Merrick</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Information&rft.pub=Bellmore-Merrick+CHSD&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bellmore-merrick.k12.ny.us%2Fdistric.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schsd-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schsd_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090824145435/http://sewanhaka.k12.ny.us/index.php?q=node%2F1">"About"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>. <q>By the late 1950s, the post war baby boom had changed the single high school into a Central High School District with five buildings, serving students in grades 7 through 12.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Sewanhaka+Central+High+School+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sewanhaka.k12.ny.us%2Findex.php%3Fq%3Dnode%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vschsd-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vschsd_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612193105/http://www.vschsd.org/district/index.html">"Our District --District Data & Staff"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2009</span>. <q>The Valley Stream Central High School District is one of only three New York State Districts covering grades 7-12 exclusively.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+District+--District+Data+%26+Staff&rft.pub=Valley+Stream+Central+High+School+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vschsd.org%2Fdistrict%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-districtcount-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-districtcount_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100506062924/http://www.nysed.gov/admin/admindex.html">"School District Index"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Firemen%27s+Association+of+the+State+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fasny.com%2Flegislation%2Ffrequently-asked-questions-faqs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook81-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook81_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook159-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Handbook159_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook">Local Government Handbook</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CNT/263-A">"Legislation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legislation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysenate.gov%2Flegislation%2Flaws%2FCNT%2F263-A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocal_Government_Handbook" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113233615/http://www.dos.ny.gov/LG/publications/Local_Government_Handbook.pdf"><i>Local Government Handbook</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_State" title="New York State Department of State">New York State Department of State</a>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dos.ny.gov/lg/publications/Local_Government_Handbook.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+Government+Handbook&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+State&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dos.ny.gov%2Flg%2Fpublications%2FLocal_Government_Handbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdministrative+divisions+of+New+York+%28state%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>William Carey Morey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governmentnewyo01moregoog">The Government of New York: Its History and Administration</a>, (Macmillan company, 1902)</li> <li>Frank David Boynton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/actualgovernmen00boyngoog">Actual Government of New York: A Manual of the Local, Municipal, State and Federal Government for Use in Public and Private Schools of New York State</a>, (Ginn and Co., 1918)</li> <li>Robert Lansing and Gary M. Jones, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c30AAAAAYAAJ">The Government and Civil Institutions of New York State</a>, (Silver, Burdett and company, 1903)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_State_government_links">New York State government links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: New York State government links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>General local government information</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100906102342/http://www.dos.state.ny.us/lgss/">Division of Local Government, Department of State</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050929133314/http://www.state.ny.us/local_acc.html">Citizen's Access to Local Government</a> — links to N.Y.S. local govt. Web sites</li></ul> <p><b>New York State Constitution</b> <i>The articles of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Constitution">New York State Constitution</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100723110017/http://www.dos.state.ny.us/info/constitution.htm">external link</a>) that most closely affect local government are:</i> </p> <ul><li>Article VIII: Local Finances</li> <li>Article IX: Local Governments</li></ul> <p><b>New York State Consolidated Laws</b> <i>The New York State Consolidated Laws <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/menugetf.cgi?COMMONQUERY=LAWS">[1]</a> that most closely affect local government are:</i> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/menugetf.cgi?COMMONQUERY=LAWS">General Municipal Law</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/menugetf.cgi?COMMONQUERY=LAWS">Village Law</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_links">Other links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Other links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050308224944/http://rin.buffalo.edu/defi/ny_muni_def.html">Descriptions of Municipalities in NYS</a> (from <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo,_The_State_University_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="University at Buffalo, The State University of New York">University at Buffalo</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp2.census.gov/geo/maps/general_ref/cousub_outline/cen2k_pgsz/ny_cosub.pdf">Census Bureau map of N.Y.S. municipalities and CDPs</a> (PDF, 2.71 MB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysac.org/">New York State Association of Counties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycom.org/">New York State Conference of Mayors and Municipal Officials</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytowns.org/">Association of Towns of the State of New York</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304011858/http://www.genealogyinc.com/new-york/maps/">New York State County Formation Map</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" title="Template:Administrative divisions of New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Administrative divisions of New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Boroughs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#County">County</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York (state)">Indian Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_New_York" title="List of school districts in New York">School districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of places in New York (state)">Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_U.S._states,_territories,_and_federal_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the United States by state"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of the United States by state"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of the United States by state"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_U.S._states,_territories,_and_federal_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions of U.S. states, territories, and federal district</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Alabama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Alabama (page does not exist)">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Alaska" title="Administrative divisions of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Arkansas (page does not exist)">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Colorado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Colorado (page does not exist)">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Delaware&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Delaware (page does not exist)">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Florida" title="Administrative divisions of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Idaho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Idaho (page does not exist)">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Illinois" title="Administrative divisions of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Iowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Iowa (page does not exist)">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Kansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Kansas (page does not exist)">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Kentucky (page does not exist)">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Louisiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Louisiana (page does not exist)">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Maryland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Maryland (page does not exist)">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Massachusetts" title="Administrative divisions of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Michigan" title="Administrative divisions of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Minnesota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Minnesota (page does not exist)">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Mississippi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Mississippi (page does not exist)">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Missouri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Missouri (page does not exist)">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Montana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Montana (page does not exist)">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Nebraska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Nebraska (page does not exist)">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Nevada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Nevada (page does not exist)">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_North_Carolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of North Carolina (page does not exist)">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_North_Dakota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of North Dakota (page does not exist)">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ohio" title="Administrative divisions of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Oregon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Oregon (page does not exist)">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Rhode_Island" title="Administrative divisions of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_South_Carolina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of South Carolina (page does not exist)">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_South_Dakota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of South Dakota (page does not exist)">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Tennessee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Tennessee (page does not exist)">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Texas" title="Administrative divisions of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Utah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Utah (page does not exist)">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Vermont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Vermont (page does not exist)">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Virginia" title="Administrative divisions of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Washington_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Washington (state) (page does not exist)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_West_Virginia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of West Virginia (page does not exist)">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Wisconsin" title="Administrative divisions of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_divisions_of_Wyoming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative divisions of Wyoming (page does not exist)">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_American_Samoa" title="Administrative divisions of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_(state)" title="Template:New York (state)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_(state)" title="Template talk:New York (state)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_(state)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York (state)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_York_(state)" title="Outline of New York (state)">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_(state)%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of New York (state)–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of airports in New York (state)">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of New York (state)">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_York_(state)" title="Climate change in New York (state)">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_(state)" title="Crime in New York (state)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Demographics of New York (state)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_(state)" title="Economy of New York (state)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_(state)" title="Education in New York (state)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_(state)" title="Geography of New York (state)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_York" title="Gun laws in New York">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_New_York_(state)" title="Healthcare in New York (state)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_York" title="Homelessness in New York">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New York (state)">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_New_York_(state)" title="List of museums in New York (state)">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_(state)" title="Music of New York (state)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_State" title="Empire State">Nickname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_parks" title="List of New York state parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_(state)" title="List of people from New York (state)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_York_(state)" title="Sports in New York (state)">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_state_symbols" title="List of New York state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_(state)" title="Transportation in New York (state)">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:Tourist attractions in New York (state)">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_(state)" title="Politics of New York (state)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_York" title="Abortion in New York">Abortion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_congressional_districts" title="New York's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_York" title="Constitution of New York">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_York" title="United States congressional delegations from New York">Delegations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">Senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York" title="List of United States representatives from New York">Representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_New_York_(state)" title="Law of New York (state)">Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_York" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegheny_Plateau" title="Allegheny Plateau">Allegheny Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_District,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital District, New York">Capital District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York_Region" title="Central New York Region">Central Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_York" title="Central New York">Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">Tri-State area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_Lakes" title="Finger Lakes">Finger Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelps_and_Gorham_Purchase" title="Phelps and Gorham Purchase">Holland Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Highlands" title="Hudson Highlands">Hudson Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohawk Valley region">Mohawk Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Frontier" title="Niagara Frontier">Niagara Frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_(New_York)" title="North Country (New York)">North Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge-and-Valley_Appalachians" title="Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians">Ridge and Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk_Ridge" title="Shawangunk Ridge">Shawangunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_country" title="Ski country">Ski country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southtowns" title="Southtowns">Southtowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_Valley" title="Tech Valley">Tech Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Islands" title="Thousand Islands">Thousand Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_Hill" title="Tug Hill">Tug Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_York" title="Western New York">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_statistical_areas" title="New York statistical areas">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> / <a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a> / <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmira,_New_York" title="Elmira, New York">Elmira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corning_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Corning (city), New York">Corning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glens_Falls,_New_York" title="Glens Falls, New York">Glens Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_New_York" title="Jamestown, New York">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_New_York" title="Watertown, New York">Watertown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegany_County,_New_York" title="Allegany County, New York">Allegany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_County,_New_York" title="Broome County, New York">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattaraugus_County,_New_York" title="Cattaraugus County, New York">Cattaraugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_County,_New_York" title="Cayuga County, New York">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_County,_New_York" title="Chautauqua County, New York">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemung_County,_New_York" title="Chemung County, New York">Chemung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenango_County,_New_York" title="Chenango County, New York">Chenango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_New_York" title="Clinton County, New York">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County,_New_York" title="Columbia County, New York">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortland_County,_New_York" title="Cortland County, New York">Cortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_County,_New_York" title="Delaware County, New York">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County,_New_York" title="Dutchess County, New York">Dutchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_New_York" title="Erie County, New York">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_New_York" title="Essex County, New York">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_New_York" title="Franklin County, New York">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_New_York" title="Fulton County, New York">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_New_York" title="Genesee County, New York">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greene_County,_New_York" title="Greene County, New York">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County,_New_York" title="Hamilton County, New York">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_County,_New_York" title="Herkimer County, New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_New_York" title="Jefferson County, New York">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_County,_New_York" title="Lewis County, New York">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_New_York" title="Livingston County, New York">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_New_York" title="Madison County, New York">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_New_York" title="Monroe County, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_New_York" title="Montgomery County, New York">Montgomery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tryon_County,_New_York" title="Tryon County, New York">Tryon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_County,_New_York" title="Niagara County, New York">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_County,_New_York" title="Oneida County, New York">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_County,_New_York" title="Onondaga County, New York">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_County,_New_York" title="Ontario County, New York">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_New_York" title="Orange County, New York">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_New_York" title="Orleans County, New York">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York" title="Oswego County, New York">Oswego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_New_York" title="Otsego County, New York">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putnam_County,_New_York" title="Putnam County, New York">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaer_County,_New_York" title="Rensselaer County, New York">Rensselaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">Saint Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_County,_New_York" title="Saratoga County, New York">Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_County,_New_York" title="Schenectady County, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_County,_New_York" title="Schoharie County, New York">Schoharie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_County,_New_York" title="Schuyler County, New York">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_County,_New_York" title="Seneca County, New York">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steuben_County,_New_York" title="Steuben County, New York">Steuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_County,_New_York" title="Sullivan County, New York">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioga_County,_New_York" title="Tioga County, New York">Tioga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_County,_New_York" title="Tompkins County, New York">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_New_York" title="Warren County, New York">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_New_York" title="Washington County, New York">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Province_of_New_York" title="Charlotte County, Province of New York">Charlotte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_New_York" title="Wayne County, New York">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_County,_New_York" title="Wyoming County, New York">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yates_County,_New_York" title="Yates County, New York">Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in New York">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New York">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_New_York" title="List of towns in New York">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in New York (state)">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="List of villages in New York">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_York" title="List of census-designated places in New York">Census-designated places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensselaerswyck" title="Rensselaerswyck">Rensselaerswyck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="History of slavery in New York">History of slavery in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">Province of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Canada_(1775)" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Canada (1775)">Invasion of Canada (1775)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_campaign" title="Saratoga campaign">Saratoga campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_cessions" title="State cessions">State cessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York in the American Civil War">New York in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 attacks">9/11 attacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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