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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimoloji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimoloji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-İklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#İklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>İklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-İklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mimari_yapı" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mimari_yapı"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mimari yapı</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mimari_yapı-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mimari yapı alt bölümünü aç/kapa</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mimari_yapı-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surları_ve_kapıları" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surları_ve_kapıları"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Surları ve kapıları</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surları_ve_kapıları-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Türbeler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Türbeler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Türbeler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Türbeler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kardeş_şehirler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kardeş_şehirler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kardeş şehirler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kardeş_şehirler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resimler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resimler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Resimler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resimler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="İçindekiler" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Şam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 198 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-198" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">198 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimasq" title="Dimasq - Açece" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Dimasq" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Açece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Adigece" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adigece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%9B%E1%88%B5%E1%89%86" title="ደማስቆ - Amharca" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ደማስቆ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1s" title="Domás - Aragonca" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Domás" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Eski İngilizce" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Eski İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasik%E1%BB%8Ds" title="Damasikọs - Obolo dili" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Damasikọs" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%A9" title="ܕܪܡܣܘܩ - Aramice" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܪܡܣܘܩ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="ديمشق - Fas Arapçası" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ديمشق" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Fas Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Mısır Arapçası" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Mısır Arapçası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B" title="ডামাস্কাছ - Assamca" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ডামাস্কাছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascu" title="Damascu - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Damascu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Димишкъ - Avar dili" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Димишкъ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="दमिश्क - Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="दमिश्क" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99m%C9%99%C5%9Fq" title="Dəməşq - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dəməşq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%88%D2%A1" title="Димәшҡ - Başkırtça" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Димәшҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Başkırtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Bali dili" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskos" title="Damaskos - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Damaskos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damsik" title="Damsik - Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Damsik" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damsyik" title="Damsyik - Banjar Dili" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Damsyik" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="দামেস্ক - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দামেস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="དྷ་མ་སི་ཁོ་སི། - Tibetçe" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དྷ་མ་སི་ཁོ་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Damasc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2i-m%C4%81-s%C3%A1ik" title="Dâi-mā-sáik - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâi-mā-sáik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Димашкъ - Çeçence" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Димашкъ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Çeçence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دیمەشق - Orta Kürtçe" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیمەشق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Orta Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dime%C5%9Fq" title="Dimeşq - Kırım Tatarcası" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dimeşq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Kırım Tatarcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dama%C5%A1ek" title="Damašek - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Damašek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Дамаскъ - Kilise Slavcası" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Дамаскъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kilise Slavcası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eam" title="Şam - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Şam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%9D%DE%B0%DE%A4%DE%AA" title="ދިމިޝްޤު - Divehi dili" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދިމިޝްޤު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δαμασκός - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δαμασκός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Damasko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Damasko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascu" title="Damascu - Ekstremadura Dili" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Damascu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Ekstremadura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskos" title="Damaskos - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Damaskos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damas" title="Damas - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Damas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam%C3%A2sc" title="Damâsc - Arpitanca" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Damâsc" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Kuzey Frizce" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kuzey Frizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Damaisc" title="An Damaisc - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Damaisc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - İskoç Gaelcesi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="İskoç Gaelcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Gilanice" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilanice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndam%C3%A1ko" title="Ndamáko - Guarani dili" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ndamáko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍃𐌺𐍉 - Gotça" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌰𐍃𐌺𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Hausa dili" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Hakka Çincesi" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakeko" title="Kamakeko - Hawaii dili" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kamakeko" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7" title="דמשק - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמשק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC" title="दमिश्क़ - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दमिश्क़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Fiji Hintçesi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hintçesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Yukarı Sorbça" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Yukarı Sorbça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damas" title="Damas - Haiti Kreyolu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Damas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haiti Kreyolu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaszkusz" title="Damaszkusz - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Damaszkusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Դամասկոս - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դամասկոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Դամասկոս - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Դամասկոս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - İnguşça" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="İnguşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9" title="ダマスカス - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダマスカス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="დამასკო - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დამასკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damashq" title="Damashq - Karakalpakça" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Damashq" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimecq" title="Dimecq - Kabiliyece" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Dimecq" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabiliyece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Kabardeyce" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardeyce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamas%C9%A9" title="Tamasɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tamasɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಡಮಾಸ್ಕಸ್ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಮಾಸ್ಕಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="다마스쿠스 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다마스쿠스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eam" title="Şam - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Kernevekçe" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kernevekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damesek" title="Damesek - Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Damesek" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Lezgice" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Limburgca" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Ligurca" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasch" title="Damasch - Lombardça" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Damasch" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damas" title="Damas - Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Damas" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskas" title="Damaskas - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Damaskas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaska" title="Damaska - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Damaska" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमासकस - Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दमासकस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Mokşa dili" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokşa dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask%C3%B4sy" title="Damaskôsy - Malgaşça" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Damaskôsy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahiku" title="Ramahiku - Maori dili" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ramahiku" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ദമാസ്കസ് - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദമാസ്കസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमास्कस - Marathi dili" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दमास्कस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damsyik" title="Damsyik - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Damsyik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasku" title="Damasku - Maltaca" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Damasku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဒမားစကပ်မြို့ - Birman dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒမားစကပ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Дамаск ош - Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Дамаск ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमास्कस - Nepalce" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दमास्कस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8" title="दमास्कस - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दमास्कस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3niy%C4%99%C4%99sh%C3%AD" title="Tóniyęęshí - Navaho dili" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tóniyęęshí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navaho dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Damasc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B8" title="ଡାମାସକସ - Oriya dili" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଡାମାସକସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Osetçe" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osetçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95" title="ਦਮਸ਼ਕ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਮਸ਼ਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasch" title="Damasch - Picard Dili" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Damasch" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaszek" title="Damaszek - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Damaszek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasch" title="Damasch - Piyemontece" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Damasch" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piyemontece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimashq" title="Dimashq - Keçuva dili" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Dimashq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Keçuva dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasc" title="Damasc - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Damasc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasche" title="Damasche - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Damasche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Rusince" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasiko" title="Damasiko - Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Damasiko" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Дамаскус - Yakutça" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дамаскус" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱰᱟᱢᱟᱥᱠᱚᱥ - Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱰᱟᱢᱟᱥᱠᱚᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Sardunya dili" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardunya dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascu" title="Damascu - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Damascu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Sindhi dili" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="දමස්කස් - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දමස්කස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Şona dili" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Şona dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimishiq" title="Dimishiq - Somalice" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dimishiq" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasku" title="Damasku - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Damasku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Sunda dili" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dameski" title="Dameski - Svahili dili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dameski" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaszek" title="Damaszek - Silezyaca" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Damaszek" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="திமிஷ்கு - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திமிஷ்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D2%9B" title="Димишқ - Tacikçe" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Димишқ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tacikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ดามัสกัส - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดามัสกัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Türkmence" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Türkmence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%99m%C9%99%C5%A1k" title="Dəməšk - Talışça" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Dəməšk" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talışça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim%C3%A4%C5%9Fq" title="Dimäşq - Tatarca" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Dimäşq" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask%C9%94s" title="Damaskɔs - Tvi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Damaskɔs" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Tvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Udmurtça" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurtça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%82" title="دەمەشىق - Uygurca" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دەمەشىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uygurca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Дамаск - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дамаск" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82" title="دمشق - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دمشق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damashq" title="Damashq - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Damashq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasco" title="Damasco - Venedikçe" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Damasco" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venedikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask" title="Damask - Veps dili" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Damask" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim%C3%A4jk" title="Dimäjk - Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dimäjk" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damasko" title="Damasko - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Damasko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大马士革 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大马士革" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="დამასკო - Megrelce" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დამასკო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Megrelce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A7" title="דמשק - Yidiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דמשק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yidiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0m%C3%A1sk%C3%B9" title="Dàmáskù - Yorubaca" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dàmáskù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yorubaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus - Zelandaca" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Damaskus" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zelandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大马士革 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大马士革" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大馬士革 - Edebi Çince" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大馬士革" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Edebi Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Damascus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%AC%E5%A3%AB%E9%9D%A9" title="大馬士革 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大馬士革" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3766#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%C5%9Eam"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=%C5%9Eam&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Damascus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aynı adlı il için <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eam_(il)" title="Şam (il)">Şam (il)</a> sayfasına bakınız.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap">Şam<br /><div class="nickname" style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><big>دمشق</big> (Dimaşk)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold; text-align:center" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold; text-align:center"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">Başkent</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow" style="font-weight:bold;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center">Dimaşk</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Damascus_coll.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Şam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Damascus_coll.jpg/278px-Damascus_coll.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="429" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Damascus_coll.jpg/417px-Damascus_coll.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Damascus_coll.jpg/556px-Damascus_coll.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2874" data-file-height="4436" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;"> <div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Flag_of_Damascus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam mührü"><img alt="Şam mührü" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Damascus.svg/100px-Flag_of_Damascus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Damascus.svg/150px-Flag_of_Damascus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Damascus.svg/200px-Flag_of_Damascus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><br />Mühür</div></div></div> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center">Takma ad: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">El Fahya (Güzel kokan şehir)</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24028269">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0%;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Syria_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suriye üzerinde Şam"><img alt="Suriye üzerinde Şam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Syria_adm_location_map.svg/270px-Syria_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Syria_adm_location_map.svg/405px-Syria_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Syria_adm_location_map.svg/540px-Syria_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="761" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:72.981%;left:17.845%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Şam"><img alt="Şam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>Şam</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="padding:0.3em 0 0 0;font-size:85%"></div></div></div></div></div><div align="center">Şam'ın <a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a>'deki konumu</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clkeler_listesi" title="Ülkeler listesi">Ülke</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye"><img alt="Suriye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Yüzölçümü<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">Başkent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">573 km²</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rakım</th><td class="infobox-data">600 m</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Nüfus<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">2007</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">Başkent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3.410,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Yoğunluk</th><td class="infobox-data">oto/km²</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Kentsel_alan" title="Kentsel alan">Kent</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.902,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zaman_dilimi" title="Zaman dilimi">Zaman dilimi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02.00" title="UTC+02.00">UTC+02.00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Avrupa_Saati" title="Doğu Avrupa Saati">DAS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • Yaz (<a href="/wiki/Yaz_saati_uygulamas%C4%B1" title="Yaz saati uygulaması">YSU</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03.00" title="UTC+03.00">UTC+03.00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Avrupa_Yaz_Saati" title="Doğu Avrupa Yaz Saati">DAYS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telefon_numaraland%C4%B1rma_plan%C4%B1" title="Telefon numaralandırma planı">Alan kodu</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ülke kodu:963 Şehir kodu:11</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:11pt" align="center"><b>Resmî site</b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Y%C3%BCkle&wpDestFile=The_Jupiter_temple_in_Damascus.jpg_J%C3%BCpiter_Tap%C4%B1na%C4%9F%C4%B1_kal%C4%B1nt%C4%B1lar%C4%B1." class="new" title="Dosya:The Jupiter temple in Damascus.jpg Jüpiter Tapınağı kalıntıları."><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media">Dosya:The Jupiter temple in Damascus.jpg Jüpiter Tapınağı kalıntıları.</span></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #FFE153; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Miras%C4%B1" title="Dünya Mirası">UNESCO Dünya Mirası</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Miraslar%C4%B1_tablosu" class="mw-redirect" title="Dünya Mirasları tablosu">Konum</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Suriye"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Miras%C4%B1#Seçim_ölçütleri" title="Dünya Mirası">Kriter</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Kültürel: i, ii, iii, iv, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Referans</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/20">20<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"></sup></a><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Tescil</th><td class="infobox-data">1979 (3. <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Miras_Komitesi" title="Dünya Miras Komitesi">oturum</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Bölge</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Arap_%C3%9Clkeleri" class="mw-redirect" title="Arap Ülkeleri">Arap Ülkeleri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Co%C4%9Frafi_koordinat_sistemi" title="Coğrafi koordinat sistemi">Koordinatlar</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32637432">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=tr:%C5%9Eam&params=33_30_47_N_36_17_31_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Bu konum için haritalar, havadan fotoğraflar ve diğer veriler"><span class="latitude">33°30′47″K</span> <span class="longitude">36°17′31″D</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Bu konum için haritalar, hava fotoğrafı ve diğer veriler">33.51306°K 36.29194°D</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.51306; 36.29194</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Şam</b> veya <b>Dimaşk</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arap%C3%A7a" title="Arapça">Arapça</a>: دمشق <i>Dimaşk</i> ya da الشام <i>Eş-şam</i>), <a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a>'nin <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">başkentidir</a>. Ayrıca, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eam_Valili%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Şam Valiliği">Şam Valiliğinin</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Rif_%C5%9Eam_Valili%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif Şam Valiliği">Rif Şam Valiliği</a>'nin de idari <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">başkentidir</a>. </p><p>Dünya tarihindeki ilk cinayet olan <a href="/wiki/Kabil_(%C3%82dem%27in_o%C4%9Flu)" title="Kabil (Âdem'in oğlu)">Kabil</a> ile <a href="/wiki/Habil" class="mw-redirect" title="Habil">Habil</a> olayının Şam'ın kuzeyindeki <a href="/wiki/Kasiyun_da%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kasiyun dağı">Kasiyun Dağı</a>'nda gerçekleştiğine inanılır.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme"><span title="">kaynak belirtilmeli</span></a></i>]</sup> En bilinen tarihi mekanlardan biri <a href="/wiki/Emevi_camii" class="mw-redirect" title="Emevi camii">Emevi Camii</a>'dir. Ayrıca, bazı Müslümanlar arasında <a href="/wiki/Ahir_zaman" title="Ahir zaman">ahir zamanda</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehdi" title="Mehdi">Mehdi</a>'nin ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sa" title="İsa">İsa</a>'nın bu camiye ineceği inancı vardır.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme"><span title="">kaynak belirtilmeli</span></a></i>]</sup> 1516 yılında <a href="/wiki/Yavuz_Sultan_Selim" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavuz Sultan Selim">Yavuz Sultan Selim</a>'in Suriye'yi ele geçirmesiyle oluşturulan Şam Vilayetinin merkezi haline gelen Şam kenti, hac yolu üzerindeki toplanma noktası olması nedeniyle de ticari yönden önemini korumuştur. </p><p><a href="/wiki/I._D%C3%BCnya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="I. Dünya Savaşı">I. Dünya Savaşı</a>'nın son günlerinde İngiliz işgaline giren kent <a href="/wiki/Sykes-Picot_Anla%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Sykes-Picot Anlaşması">Sykes-Picot Anlaşması</a> uyarınca 1920'de Fransa'ya bırakılmış olup, Fransız sömürgeliği yıllarında çok sayıda tahribata ve yağmalamaya uğramıştır.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Vikipedi:Kaynak_g%C3%B6sterme" title="Vikipedi:Kaynak gösterme"><span title="">kaynak belirtilmeli</span></a></i>]</sup> 1946 yılındaki ayaklanmayla Fransız sömürgesi olmaktan kurtulmuş ve Suriye'nin <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkent" title="Başkent">başkenti</a> olmuştur.<a href="/wiki/Suriye_%C4%B0%C3%A7_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Suriye İç Savaşı">Suriye İç Savaşı</a>'nda büyük hasar alan şehir, tarihi dokusunu kaybetme ihtimali ile yüz yüzedir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloji">Etimoloji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Etimoloji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Etimoloji"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arapçada tam olarak Dimeşk eş-Şām (<b>دمشق الشام</b>) denir. Genelde Dimeşk kısaltmasıyla hitap edilir fakat Şamlılar başta olmak üzere Araplar eş-Şam tercih ederler. Eş-Şam Arapçanın Kuzey kelimesinden gelir. Büyük Suriye'ye Bilād eş-Şam (<b>بلاد الشام</b>) demişlerdir. Avrupa dillerine (Damas, Damascus, Damasco gibi) Yunanca Damaskos (Δαμασκός)'dan geçmiştir. Eski Aremice (Eski Ahit İbrani harfiyle)'de Darmeśeq (<b>דרמשק</b>) = İyi sulanmış yer'den gelmektedir. MÖ 14. yüzyıla ait Amarna yazılarında Akkad dilinde Dimašqa olarak geçmektedir. Çok sayıdaki ilçelerinin adları hâlâ <a href="/wiki/Aramice" title="Aramice">Aramicedir</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="İklim"><span id=".C4.B0klim"></span>İklim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: İklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: İklim"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;margin:auto;height:16"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/15px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/23px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="419" /></a></span> <b>Şam iklimi</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Weather-rain-thunderstorm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Weather-rain-thunderstorm.svg/15px-Weather-rain-thunderstorm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Weather-rain-thunderstorm.svg/23px-Weather-rain-thunderstorm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Weather-rain-thunderstorm.svg/30px-Weather-rain-thunderstorm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="49" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%;"> <th width="190px">Aylar </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Ocak">Oca </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Şubat">Şub </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Mart">Mar </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Nisan">Nis </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Mayıs">May </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Haziran">Haz </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Temmuz">Tem </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Ağustos">Ağu </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Eylül">Eyl </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Ekim">Eki </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Kasım">Kas </th> <th width="30px;" abbr="Aralık">Ara </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Yıl </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%">En yüksek sıcaklık (°C) </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">24,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFA000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">29,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF9000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">34,4 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF7820; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">38,4 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF7040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">41,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF6850; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">44,8 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF6850; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">46,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF6850; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">44,6 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF7040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">42,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF7820; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">37,8 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFA000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">31,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">25,1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF6850; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal; border-left-width:medium">46,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%">Ortalama en yüksek sıcaklık (°C) </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">12,6 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFF060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">14,5 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">19,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">24,7 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFA000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">30,1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">34,6 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">37,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">36,8 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF9000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">33,9 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFB000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">28,1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFD020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">20,1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFF060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">14,3 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFB000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal; border-left-width:medium;">25,5 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%">Ortalama sıcaklık (°C) </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #C0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">6,1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">7,7 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">11,4 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFF060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">16,2 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFD020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">20,8 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">25,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFB000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">27,3 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFB000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">27,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">24,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">19,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">12,1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">7,5 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal; border-left-width:medium;">17,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%">Ortalama en düşük sıcaklık (°C) </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">0,7 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #A0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">1,9 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #A0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">4,3 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">7,9 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">11,4 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFF060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">15,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">17,9 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">17,7 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFF060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">14,4 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">10,3 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #C0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">4,8 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #A0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">1,7 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal; border-left-width:medium;">9,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%">En düşük sıcaklık (°C) </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">−12,2 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">−12 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFE0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">−8 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">−7,5 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">0,6 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #C0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">4,5 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">9,0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">8,6 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #A0FF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">2,1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">−3 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFE0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">−8 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFE0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">−10,2 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #80FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal; border-left-width:medium;">−12,2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%">Ortalama yağış (mm) </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #D0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">25 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #D0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">26 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #D0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">20 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">7 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">4 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">1 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">0 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">6 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #D0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">21 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #D0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">21 </th> <th style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; font-weight:normal; border-left-width:medium;">131 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000"><i>Kaynak: Ulusal Okyanus ve Atmosfer Dairesi<sup id="cite_ref-Ulusal_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ulusal-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mimari_yapı"><span id="Mimari_yap.C4.B1"></span>Mimari yapı</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Mimari yapı" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Mimari yapı"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Emev%C3%AEler" title="Emevîler">Emeviler</a>, devrinde dünyanın kültür ve medeniyet merkezi olması sebebi ile mimari yapısı bir hayli gelişkindi, kent mimarisinde Arap, Yunan ve Roma etkileri görülürdü. Dünyadaki ilk modern park örnekleri burada görülmüştür ve buradan <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya">İspanya</a>'ya ve oradan Avrupa'nın tamamına taşınmıştır. Fakat uğradığı Moğol saldırılarından dolayı çoğu eserini kaybetmiştir. </p><p>Osmanlılar, şehri ele geçirdikten sonra buraya pek çok tarihi bina kazandırmışlardır. Ve şehrin en güzel yapıtlarından biri olan tren garını <a href="/wiki/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu" title="Osmanlı İmparatorluğu">Osmanlılar</a> yapmıştır. </p><p>Modern Şam, 2000'li yıllarda aşırı gelişme gösteren Şam şu anda, Yeni Şam ve Eski Şam olmak üzere iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Eski Şam, şehir merkezinde tarihi yapıların olduğu klasik kesimdir. Yeni Şam ise merkezin etrafını saran yer yer merkeze biraz uzak modern yapıda binalar ve şehir düzenlemesine sahip yerlerdir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surları_ve_kapıları"><span id="Surlar.C4.B1_ve_kap.C4.B1lar.C4.B1"></span>Surları ve kapıları</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Surları ve kapıları" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Surları ve kapıları"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stratejik bir konuma sahip olan Şam, dünyanın dört bir yanından gelen tüccarları cezbederdi. Şehir <a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a> cenneti olarak biliniyordu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkram2004294_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkram2004294-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tahkimatlar şehrin önemi ile uyumluydu. Şehrin ana kısmı 11 m (36 ft) büyük bir duvarla çevriliydi. Müstahkem şehir yaklaşık 1.500 m (4.900 ft) uzunluğunda ve 800 m (2.600 ft) genişliğindeydi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkram2004294_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkram2004294-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surların altı kapısı vardır: </p> <ul><li>Doğu Kapısı (<i><a href="/wiki/Bab_%C5%9Earki" title="Bab Şarki">Bab Şarki</a></i>)</li> <li>Thomas Kapısı (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_Touma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab Touma (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bab Touma</a></i>)</li> <li>Jabiya Kapısı (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_al-Jabiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab al-Jabiya (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bab al-Jabiya</a></i>)</li> <li>Cennet Kapısı (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_al-Faradis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab al-Faradis (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bab al-Faradis</a></i>)</li> <li>Keisan Kapısı (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_Kisan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab Kisan (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bab Kisan</a></i>)</li> <li>Küçük Kapı (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bab_al-Saghir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bab al-Saghir (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bab al-Saghir</a></i>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Barada_Nehri" title="Barada Nehri">Barada Nehri</a> Şam'ın kuzey duvarı boyunca aksa da, savunma açısından çok sığdır.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkram2004291_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkram2004291-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Türbeler"><span id="T.C3.BCrbeler"></span>Türbeler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Türbeler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Türbeler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Şam'da ve Suriye genelinde İslam ve diğer dinlerde önemli olan kişilerin türbesi yer almaktadır. Örneğin <a href="/wiki/Bilal_Habe%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilal Habeşi">Bilal Habeşi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahya_(peygamber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahya (peygamber)">Yahya Peygamber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Eyyubi" class="mw-redirect" title="Selahattin Eyyubi">Selahattin Eyyubi</a> ve ilk Türk askeri hava şehitlerin mezarlıkları, <a href="/wiki/Zeyneb_bint_Muhammed" title="Zeyneb bint Muhammed">Zeyneb bint Muhammed</a>'in türbesi<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ve <a href="/wiki/Muhammed_bin_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammed bin Abdullah">Muhammed bin Abdullah</a>'ın eşlerinden ve ehlinden gelen İslamiyet'te önem sahibi bazı kişilerin türbesi yine buradadır. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kardeş_şehirler"><span id="Karde.C5.9F_.C5.9Fehirler"></span>Kardeş şehirler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kardeş şehirler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kardeş şehirler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25961922">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye"><img alt="Türkiye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya"><img alt="Romanya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCkre%C5%9F" title="Bükreş">Bükreş</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanya" title="Romanya">Romanya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arjantin" title="Arjantin"><img alt="Arjantin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjantin" title="Arjantin">Arjantin</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya"><img alt="İspanya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-disambig" title="Córdoba">Córdoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya">İspanya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Arap_Emirlikleri" title="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri"><img alt="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Arap_Emirlikleri" title="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri">Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye"><img alt="Türkiye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul" title="İstanbul">İstanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan"><img alt="Kazakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan">Kazakistan</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya"><img alt="İspanya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toledo" class="mw-disambig" title="Toledo">Toledo</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya">İspanya</a></li> <li><span class="bayraksimge"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan"><img alt="Ermenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Erivan" title="Erivan">Erivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resimler">Resimler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Resimler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=7" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Resimler"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Damascus_by_night.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam'ın gece görünüşü"><img alt="Şam'ın gece görünüşü" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Damascus_by_night.JPG/120px-Damascus_by_night.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Damascus_by_night.JPG/180px-Damascus_by_night.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Damascus_by_night.JPG/240px-Damascus_by_night.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam'ın gece görünüşü</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Bab_Sharqi,_Damascus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam - Bab Şarki"><img alt="Şam - Bab Şarki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bab_Sharqi%2C_Damascus.jpg/120px-Bab_Sharqi%2C_Damascus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bab_Sharqi%2C_Damascus.jpg/180px-Bab_Sharqi%2C_Damascus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bab_Sharqi%2C_Damascus.jpg/240px-Bab_Sharqi%2C_Damascus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="2436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam - <a href="/wiki/Bab_%C5%9Earki" title="Bab Şarki">Bab Şarki</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Bab_al-Saghir.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam - Bab El-Saghir"><img alt="Şam - Bab El-Saghir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bab_al-Saghir.JPG/81px-Bab_al-Saghir.JPG" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bab_al-Saghir.JPG/121px-Bab_al-Saghir.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bab_al-Saghir.JPG/162px-Bab_al-Saghir.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="4213" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam - Bab El-Saghir</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Umayyad_Mosque,_Damascus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam - Emevi Camii"><img alt="Şam - Emevi Camii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg/120px-Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg/180px-Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg/240px-Umayyad_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="2054" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam - <a href="/wiki/Emevi_Camii" class="mw-redirect" title="Emevi Camii">Emevi Camii</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Damascus-Hejaz_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam - Hicaz Tren Garı"><img alt="Şam - Hicaz Tren Garı" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damascus-Hejaz_station.jpg/120px-Damascus-Hejaz_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damascus-Hejaz_station.jpg/180px-Damascus-Hejaz_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Damascus-Hejaz_station.jpg/240px-Damascus-Hejaz_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam - Hicaz Tren Garı</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:FITE-Damascus-University.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam Üniversitesi"><img alt="Şam Üniversitesi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/FITE-Damascus-University.jpg/120px-FITE-Damascus-University.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/FITE-Damascus-University.jpg/180px-FITE-Damascus-University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/FITE-Damascus-University.jpg/240px-FITE-Damascus-University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam Üniversitesi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Al-Fayhaa_Stadium_in_Damascus,_Syria_as_seen_from_Mount_Qasioun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kasiyon Dağı'ndan Şam'da El Fayhaa Stadı"><img alt="Kasiyon Dağı'ndan Şam'da El Fayhaa Stadı" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Al-Fayhaa_Stadium_in_Damascus%2C_Syria_as_seen_from_Mount_Qasioun.jpg/120px-Al-Fayhaa_Stadium_in_Damascus%2C_Syria_as_seen_from_Mount_Qasioun.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Al-Fayhaa_Stadium_in_Damascus%2C_Syria_as_seen_from_Mount_Qasioun.jpg/180px-Al-Fayhaa_Stadium_in_Damascus%2C_Syria_as_seen_from_Mount_Qasioun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Al-Fayhaa_Stadium_in_Damascus%2C_Syria_as_seen_from_Mount_Qasioun.jpg/240px-Al-Fayhaa_Stadium_in_Damascus%2C_Syria_as_seen_from_Mount_Qasioun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kasiyon Dağı'ndan Şam'da El Fayhaa Stadı</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Takiyya_as-S%C3%BCleimaniyya_Mosque_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam - Takiyye Süleymaniye Camii"><img alt="Şam - Takiyye Süleymaniye Camii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Takiyya_as-S%C3%BCleimaniyya_Mosque_02.jpg/90px-Takiyya_as-S%C3%BCleimaniyya_Mosque_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Takiyya_as-S%C3%BCleimaniyya_Mosque_02.jpg/134px-Takiyya_as-S%C3%BCleimaniyya_Mosque_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Takiyya_as-S%C3%BCleimaniyya_Mosque_02.jpg/179px-Takiyya_as-S%C3%BCleimaniyya_Mosque_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2549" data-file-height="3412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam - Takiyye Süleymaniye Camii</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Barada_River,_Damascus,_Syria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Şam kalesi yakınında Barada Nehri, 2006"><img alt="Şam kalesi yakınında Barada Nehri, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Barada_River%2C_Damascus%2C_Syria.jpg/120px-Barada_River%2C_Damascus%2C_Syria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Barada_River%2C_Damascus%2C_Syria.jpg/180px-Barada_River%2C_Damascus%2C_Syria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Barada_River%2C_Damascus%2C_Syria.jpg/240px-Barada_River%2C_Damascus%2C_Syria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1242" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Şam kalesi yakınında <a href="/wiki/Barada_Nehri" title="Barada Nehri">Barada Nehri</a>, 2006</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notlar">Notlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Notlar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=8" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Notlar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tüm dünya ve Arap coğrafyası dahil olmak üzere şehrin adı Dimeşk olarak telaffuz edilirken Türkiye, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan kalma gelenek ile Şam demektedir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=9" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Özel</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/20">"Arşivlenmiş kopya"</a>. 31 Mayıs 2015 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150531034526/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/20">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ağustos 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar%C5%9Fivlenmi%C5%9F+kopya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%9Eam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ulusal-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-Ulusal_2-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/SY/40080.TXT">"Şam İklim Verileri 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Okyanus_ve_Atmosfer_Dairesi" title="Ulusal Okyanus ve Atmosfer Dairesi">Ulusal Okyanus ve Atmosfer Dairesi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">26 Nisan</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C5%9Eam+%C4%B0klim+Verileri+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=Ulusal+Okyanus+ve+Atmosfer+Dairesi&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FSY%2F40080.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%9Eam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ar%C5%9Fivlenmesi_gereken_ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1ya_sahip_kaynak_%C5%9Fablonu_i%C3%A7eren_maddeler" title="Kategori:Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkram2004294-3"><strong>^</strong> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkram2004294_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkram2004294_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkram2004">Akram 2004</a>, s. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkram2004291-4"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkram2004291_4-0">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkram2004">Akram 2004</a>, s. 291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="kaynak web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tr.mehrnews.com/news/1909071/Reisi-Hz-Zeynep-in-s-a-T%C3%BCrbesi-ini-ziyaret-etti">"Reisi, Hz. Zeynep'in (s.a) Türbesi'ini ziyaret etti"</a>. <i>Mehr News Agency</i>. 3 Mayıs 2023. 7 Haziran 2024 tarihinde kaynağından <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240607073143/https://tr.mehrnews.com/news/1909071/Reisi-Hz-Zeynep-in-s-a-T%C3%BCrbesi-ini-ziyaret-etti">arşivlendi</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Erişim tarihi: <span class="nowrap">7 Haziran</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mehr+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Reisi%2C+Hz.+Zeynep%27in+%28s.a%29+T%C3%BCrbesi%27ini+ziyaret+etti&rft.date=2023-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.mehrnews.com%2Fnews%2F1909071%2FReisi-Hz-Zeynep-in-s-a-T%25C3%25BCrbesi-ini-ziyaret-etti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%9Eam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Genel</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAkram2004" class="kaynak">Akram, Agha Ibrahim (2004), <i>The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed – His Life and Campaigns</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: Pakistan, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-19-597714-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-19-597714-9">0-19-597714-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sword+of+Allah%3A+Khalid+bin+al-Waleed+%E2%80%93+His+Life+and+Campaigns&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%3A+Pakistan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-597714-9&rft.aulast=Akram&rft.aufirst=Agha+Ibrahim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%9Eam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eam&action=edit&section=10" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560057">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560105">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33560075">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons'ta <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Damascus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Damascus"><span style="">Damascus</span></a></b></i> ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33560057"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33560105"><div class="side-box side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33560075"></div></li></ul> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Vikigezgin'de <i><b><a href="https://tr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Damascus" class="extiw" title="voy:Damascus">Damascus</a></b></i> ile ilgili gezi rehberi bulunmaktadır.</div></div> <p><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:inherit;">(İngilizce)</span> </p><ul><li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Burns, Ross (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=1_bQTrpf62cC&dq=damascus"><i>Damascus: A History</i></a> (İngilizce). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-415-27105-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-415-27105-9">978-0-415-27105-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Damascus%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-27105-9&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D1_bQTrpf62cC%26dq%3Ddamascus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3A%C5%9Eam" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suriye&#039;deki_Dünya_Mirası_Alanları" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style 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title="Çin Cumhuriyeti">Çin Cumhuriyeti (Tayvan)</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya">Japonya</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Kore" title="Kuzey Kore">Kuzey Kore</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Seul" title="Seul">Seul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Kore" title="Güney Kore">Güney Kore</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCney_Asya" title="Güney Asya">Güney Asya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Dakka" title="Dakka">Dakka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Banglade%C5%9F" title="Bangladeş">Bangladeş</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Yeni_Delhi" title="Yeni Delhi">Yeni Delhi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan">Hindistan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maldivler" title="Maldivler">Maldivler</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Katmandu" title="Katmandu">Katmandu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0slamabad" title="İslamabad">İslamabad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenapura-Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte">Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCneydo%C4%9Fu_Asya" title="Güneydoğu Asya">Güneydoğu Asya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begavan" title="Bandar Seri Begavan">Bandar Seri Begavan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" class="mw-redirect" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kambo%C3%A7ya" title="Kamboçya">Kamboçya</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Timor" title="Doğu Timor">Doğu Timor</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Nusantara" title="Nusantara">Nusantara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Endonezya" title="Endonezya">Endonezya</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></b> (resmî) ve <b><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></b> (idarî), <a href="/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya">Malezya</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Nepido" title="Nepido">Nepido</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Filipinler" title="Filipinler">Filipinler</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tayland" title="Tayland">Tayland</a>  <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCneybat%C4%B1_Asya" class="mw-redirect" title="Güneybatı Asya">Güneybatı Asya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2bil" title="Kâbil">Kâbil</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Erivan" title="Erivan">Erivan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Ermenistan" title="Ermenistan">Ermenistan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Bak%C3%BC" title="Bakü">Bakü</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaycan" title="Azerbaycan">Azerbaycan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahreyn" title="Bahreyn">Bahreyn</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Lefko%C5%9Fa" title="Lefkoşa">Lefkoşa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Cumhuriyeti" title="Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti">Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Tiflis" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan" title="Gürcistan">Gürcistan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Tahran" title="Tahran">Tahran</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ran" title="İran">İran</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdat" title="Bağdat">Bağdat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs" title="Kudüs">Kudüs</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs%27%C3%BCn_stat%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Kudüs'ün statüsü">Kısıtlı tanıma</a>), <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail" title="İsrail">İsrail</a><sup></sup> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Crd%C3%BCn" title="Ürdün">Ürdün</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Kuveyt_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Kuveyt (şehir)">Kuveyt</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuveyt" title="Kuveyt">Kuveyt</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Beyrut" title="Beyrut">Beyrut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbnan" title="Lübnan">Lübnan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Maskat" title="Maskat">Maskat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Umman" title="Umman">Umman</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Riyad" title="Riyad">Riyad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Suudi_Arabistan" title="Suudi Arabistan">Suudi Arabistan</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Şam</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Suriye" title="Suriye">Suriye</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye">Türkiye</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dabi" title="Abu Dabi">Abu Dabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Birle%C5%9Fik_Arap_Emirlikleri" title="Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri">Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/San%27a" title="San'a">San'a</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> <b>·</b>  <b><a href="/wiki/Kahire" title="Kahire">Kahire</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Mısır">Mısır</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuzey_Asya" title="Kuzey Asya">Kuzey Asya</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Moskova" title="Moskova">Moskova</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arap_Kültür_Başkenti" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25548259"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Arap_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_Ba%C5%9Fkenti" title="Şablon:Arap Kültür Başkenti"><abbr title="Bu şablonu görüntüle" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">g</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Arap_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_Ba%C5%9Fkenti" title="Şablon tartışma:Arap Kültür Başkenti"><abbr title="Bu şablonu tartış" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Arap_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_Ba%C5%9Fkenti&action=edit"><abbr title="Bu şablonu değiştir" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arap_Kültür_Başkenti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arap_K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_Ba%C5%9Fkenti" title="Arap Kültür Başkenti">Arap Kültür Başkenti</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990'lar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1996 <a href="/wiki/Kahire" title="Kahire">Kahire</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1997 <a href="/wiki/Tunus" title="Tunus">Tunus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1998 <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Earika" class="mw-redirect" title="Şarika">Şarika</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 1999 <a href="/wiki/Beyrut" title="Beyrut">Beyrut</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000'ler</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2000 <a href="/wiki/Riyad" title="Riyad">Riyad</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2001 <a href="/wiki/Kuveyt_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Kuveyt (şehir)">Kuveyt</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2002 <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2003 <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2004 <a href="/wiki/San%27a" title="San'a">San'a</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2005 <a href="/wiki/Hartum" title="Hartum">Hartum</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2006 <a href="/wiki/Maskat" title="Maskat">Maskat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2007 <a href="/wiki/Cezayir_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Cezayir (şehir)">Cezayir</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2008 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Şam</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2009 <a href="/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs" title="Kudüs">Kudüs</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010'lar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2010 <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2011 <a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2012 <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2013 <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdat" title="Bağdat">Bağdat</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2014 <a href="/wiki/Trablus" title="Trablus">Trablus</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2015 <a href="/wiki/Konstantin,_Cezayir" title="Konstantin, Cezayir">Konstantin</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2016 <a href="/wiki/Safakes" title="Safakes">Safakes</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> 2017 <a href="/wiki/El-Uksur" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Uksur">El-Uksur</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <i>2018 <a href="/wiki/Ucda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucda">Ucda</a></i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Otorite_kontrolü_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766&#124;class=noprint&#124;Bunu_Vikiveri&#039;de_düzenleyin" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otorite_kontrol%C3%BC" title="Otorite kontrolü">Otorite kontrolü</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766" title="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin"><img alt="Bunu Vikiveri'de düzenleyin" 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href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452306">XX452306</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCmle%C5%9Fik_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Tümleşik Otorite Dosyası">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010956-2">4010956-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">kulturenvanteri.com: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kulturenvanteri.com/yer/?p=212816">212816</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kongre_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi_Kontrol_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Kongre Kütüphanesi Kontrol Numarası">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79143055">n79143055</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/725210c4-3f89-4f49-a508-794e92f700ef">725210c4-3f89-4f49-a508-794e92f700ef</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ulusal_Ar%C5%9Fivler_ve_Kay%C4%B1tlar_%C4%B0daresi" title="Ulusal Arşivler ve Kayıtlar İdaresi">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044404">10044404</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ek_Cumhuriyeti_Mill%C3%AE_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="Çek Cumhuriyeti Millî Kütüphanesi">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge553249&CON_LNG=ENG">ge553249</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0srail_Ulusal_K%C3%BCt%C3%BCphanesi" title="İsrail Ulusal Kütüphanesi">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557363105171">987007557363105171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Sanal_Otorite_Dosyas%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Sanal Otorite Dosyası">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146573830">146573830</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> (LCCN): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-143055">n79-143055</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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