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href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/layout" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-3-1-2">Building layouts </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-1-2"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/layout">Layouts in Flutter</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/layout/tutorial">Tutorial</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/layout/adaptive-responsive">Creating adaptive and responsive apps</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/layout/building-adaptive-apps">Building adaptive apps [NEW]</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" 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aria-controls="sidenav-3-1-7">Advanced UI </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-1-7"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/advanced/slivers">Slivers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/advanced/gestures">Gestures</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/advanced/splash-screen">Splash screens</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/ui/widgets">Widget catalog</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link collapsable collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-3-2" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/data-and-backend" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-3-2">Data & backend </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-2"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link collapsable collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-3-2-1" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/data-and-backend/state-mgmt" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-3-2-1">State management </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-2-1"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/intro">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/declarative">Think declaratively</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/ephemeral-vs-app">Ephemeral vs app state</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a 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aria-controls="sidenav-3-4">Platform integration </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-4"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/release-notes/supported-platforms">Supported platforms</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/platform-integration/ios-app-clip">Adding iOS App Clip support</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/platform-integration/apple-watch">Apple Watch support</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/platform-integration/c-interop">C interop</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/platform-integration/platform-views">Hosting native Android and iOS views</a> </li><li 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href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/packages-and-plugins/developing-packages">Developing packages & plugins</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/packages-and-plugins/favorites">Flutter Favorites program</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/packages-and-plugins/background-processes">Background processes</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/packages-and-plugins/plugin-api-migration">Android plugin upgrade</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://pub.dev/flutter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package site<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link collapsable collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" 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href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-screen">Add a single Flutter screen</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-fragment">Add a Flutter Fragment</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/add-to-app/android/add-flutter-view">Add a Flutter View</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/add-to-app/android/plugin-setup">Plugin setup</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link collapsable collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-3-6-3" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/add-to-app/ios" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-3-6-3">Adding to an iOS app </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " 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href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-3-7">Tools & features </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-7"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/android-studio">Android Studio & IntelliJ</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/vs-code">Visual Studio Code</a> </li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link collapsable collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-3-7-3" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-3-7-3">DevTools </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-7-3"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/android-studio">Install from Android Studio & IntelliJ</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/vscode">Install from VS Code</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/cli">Install from command line</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/inspector">Flutter inspector</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/performance">Performance view</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/cpu-profiler">CPU Profiler view</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/memory">Memory view</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/network">Network view</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/debugger">Debugger</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/logging">Logging view</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/devtools/app-size">App size tool</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link collapsable collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sidenav-3-7-4" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidenav-3-7-4">Flutter SDK </a> <ul class="nav flex-column flex-nowrap collapse " id="sidenav-3-7-4"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/upgrading">Upgrading</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/releases">Releases</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/release/breaking-changes">Breaking changes</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/development/tools/sdk/release-notes">Release notes</a> </li> </ul> 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target="_blank" rel="noopener">Package site<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a> </li> </ul> </li></ul> </div> <div id="site-toc--side" class="site-toc site-toc--side fixed-col col-xl-2 order-3" data-fixed-column> <header class="site-toc__title"> Contents <button type="button" class="btn site-toc--button__page-top" aria-label="Page top"></button> </header> <ul class="section-nav nav"> <li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#obfuscating-your-app">Obfuscating your app</a></li> <li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#reading-an-obfuscated-stack-trace">Reading an obfuscated stack trace</a></li> <li class="toc-entry nav-item toc-h2"><a class="nav-link" href="#caveat">Caveat</a></li> </ul> </div> <main class="site-content col-12 col-md-9 offset-md-3 col-xl-8 offset-xl-2 col-xxl-8 offset-xxl-2" role="main"> <div class="container"> <header class="site-content__title"> <div id="page-github-links" class="btn-group" aria-label="Page GitHub links" role="group"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/master/src/docs/deployment/obfuscate.md" class="btn no-automatic-external" title="View page source" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <i class="fas fa-file-alt fa-sm"></i> </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://github.com/flutter/website/issues/new?title='Obfuscating Dart code' page issue&body=Page URL: https://flutter.dev/docs/deployment/obfuscate.html%0D%0APage source: https://github.com/flutter/website/tree/master/src/docs/deployment/obfuscate.md%0D%0A%0D%0AFound a typo? You can fix it yourself by going to the page source and clicking the pencil icon. Or finish creating this issue.%0D%0A%0D%0ADescription of issue:" class="btn no-automatic-external" title="Report an issue with this page" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <i class="fas fa-bug fa-sm"></i> </a> </div> <h1>Obfuscating Dart code</h1> </header> <div id="site-toc--inline" class="site-toc site-toc--inline "> <header class="site-toc__title"> Contents </header> <ul class="section-nav"> <li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#obfuscating-your-app">Obfuscating your app</a></li> <li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#reading-an-obfuscated-stack-trace">Reading an obfuscated stack trace</a></li> <li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#caveat">Caveat</a></li> </ul> </div> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscation_(software)">Code obfuscation</a> is the process of modifying an app’s binary to make it harder for humans to understand. Obfuscation hides function and class names in your compiled Dart code, making it difficult for an attacker to reverse engineer your proprietary app.</p> <p>The following list describes which platforms support the obfuscation process described in this page:</p> <dl> <dt> <strong>Android</strong>/<strong>iOS</strong> </dt> <dd>Supported as of Flutter 1.16.2. To obfuscate an app built against an earlier version of Flutter, use the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Obfuscating-Dart-Code">obfuscation instructions</a> on the Flutter wiki.</dd> <dt><strong>macOS</strong></dt> <dd>macOS (<a href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/desktop">in alpha</a> as of Flutter 1.13), supports obfuscation as of Flutter 1.16.2.</dd> <dt> <strong>Linux</strong>/<strong>Windows</strong> </dt> <dd>Not yet supported.</dd> <dt><strong>web</strong></dt> <dd>Obfuscation is not supported for web apps, but a web app can be <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minification_(programming)">minified</a>, which is similar. When you build a release version of a Flutter web app, it is automatically minified. For more information, see <a href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/deployment/web">Build and release a web app</a>.</dd> </dl> <p><strong>Flutter’s code obfuscation, when supported, works only on a <a href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/testing/build-modes">release build</a>.</strong></p> <h2 id="obfuscating-your-app"> <a class="anchor" href="#obfuscating-your-app" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Obfuscating your app</h2> <p>To obfuscate your app, build a release version using the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--obfuscate</code> flag, combined with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--split-debug-info</code> flag. The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--split-debug-info</code> flag specifies the directory where Flutter can output debug files. This command generates a symbol map. The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apk</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">appbundle</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ios</code>, and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ios-framework</code> targets are currently supported. (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">macos</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">aar</code> are supported on the master and dev channels.) For example:</p> <div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">flutter build apk --obfuscate --split-debug-info=/<project-name></span>/<directory> </code></pre></div></div> <p>Once you’ve obfuscated your binary, save the symbols file. You need this if you later want to de-obfuscate a stack trace.</p> <p><strong>Note that the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--split-debug-info</code> flag can also be used by itself. In fact, it can dramatically reduce code size. For more information on app size, see <a href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/docs/perf/app-size">Measuring your app’s size</a>.</strong></p> <p>For detailed information on these flags, run the help command for your specific target, for example:</p> <div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="go">flutter build apk -h </span></code></pre></div></div> <p>If these flags are not listed in the output, run <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">flutter --version</code> to check your version of Flutter.</p> <h2 id="reading-an-obfuscated-stack-trace"> <a class="anchor" href="#reading-an-obfuscated-stack-trace" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Reading an obfuscated stack trace</h2> <p>To debug a stack trace created by an obfuscated app, use the following steps to make it human readable:</p> <ol> <li> <p>Find the matching symbols file. For example, a crash from an Android arm64 device would need <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">app.android-arm64.symbols</code>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Provide both the stack trace (stored in a file) and the symbols file to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">flutter symbolize</code> command. For example:</p> </li> </ol> <div class="language-terminal highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="gp">flutter symbolize -i <stack trace file></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">-d</span> /out/android/app.android-arm64.symbols </code></pre></div></div> <p>For more information on the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">symbolize</code> command, run <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">flutter symbolize -h</code>.</p> <h2 id="caveat"> <a class="anchor" href="#caveat" aria-hidden="true"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Caveat</h2> <p>Be aware of the following when coding an app that will eventually be an obfuscated binary.</p> <ul> <li>Code that relies on matching specific class, function, or library names will fail. For example, the following call to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">expect()</code> will not work in an obfuscated binary:</li> </ul>  <div class="language-dart highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">expect</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">runtimeType</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">toString</span><span class="o">(),</span> <span class="n">equals</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">'Foo'</span><span class="o">))</span> </code></pre></div></div> </div> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 site-footer__wrapper"> <div class="site-footer__logo"> <img src="/web/20210603043947im_/https://flutter.dev/images/flutter-mono-81x100.png" alt="Flutter Logo" width="81" height="100"> </div> <div class="site-footer__content"> <ul class="site-footer__link-list"> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/flutter-dev">flutter-dev@</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/tos">terms</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/brand">brand usage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.dev/security">security</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy">privacy</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://esflutter.dev/">español</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://flutter.cn/" class="text-nowrap">社区中文资源</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://flutter-ko.dev/" class="text-nowrap">한국어</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043947/https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/standing-with-black-community">We stand in solidarity with the Black community. 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