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<span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-4_BC_to_c._39_AD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4_BC_to_c._39_AD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>4 BC to c. 39 AD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4_BC_to_c._39_AD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_the_Baptist_and_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_the_Baptist_and_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>John the Baptist and Jesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_the_Baptist_and_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li 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id="toc-Jesus'_ministry_and_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Later reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exile and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Herod Antipas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="هيرودوس أنتيباس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيرودوس أنتيباس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="هیرودیس آنتیپاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیرودیس آنتیپاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ірад Анціпа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ірад Анціпа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ирод Антипа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ирод Антипа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipa" title="Herod Antipa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Herod Antipa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodez_Antipas" title="Herodez Antipas – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Herodez Antipas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipes" title="Herodes Antipes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Herodes Antipes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9r%C3%B3d%C3%A9s_Antipas" title="Héródés Antipas – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Héródés Antipas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Herod Antipas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ηρώδης Αντίπας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηρώδης Αντίπας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodo_Antipa" title="Herodo Antipa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Herodo Antipa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="هیرودیس آنتیپاس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیرودیس آنتیپاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas" title="Hérode Antipas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hérode Antipas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ar%C3%B3d_Antapas" title="Héaród Antapas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Héaród Antapas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8D%B0_%EC%95%88%ED%8B%B0%ED%8C%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="헤로데 안티파스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤로데 안티파스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipa" title="Herod Antipa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Herod Antipa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%B3des_Ant%C3%ADpas" title="Heródes Antípas – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heródes Antípas" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erode_Antipa" title="Erode Antipa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erode Antipa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A1" title="הורדוס אנטיפס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הורדוס אנטיפס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herode_Antipa" title="Herode Antipa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Herode Antipa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erodas_Antipas" title="Erodas Antipas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erodas Antipas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%B3des_Antip%C3%A1sz_zsid%C3%B3_fejedelem" title="Heródes Antipász zsidó fejedelem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Heródes Antipász zsidó fejedelem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%C3%B4da_Antipasy" title="Herôda Antipasy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Herôda Antipasy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹെറോദാ ആൻറ്റിപ്പാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹെറോദാ ആൻറ്റിപ്പാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="هيرودوس انتيباس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيرودوس انتيباس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AD%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9" title="ヘロデ・アンティパス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘロデ・アンティパス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C3%B2des_Antipas" title="Eròdes Antipas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Eròdes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antypas" title="Herod Antypas – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herod Antypas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irod_Antipa" title="Irod Antipa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Irod Antipa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ирод Антипа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ирод Антипа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herod Antipas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipa" title="Herod Antipa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Herod Antipa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ирод Антипа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ирод Антипа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipa" title="Herod Antipa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Herod Antipa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Herodes Antipas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirodes_Antipa" title="Hirodes Antipa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hirodes Antipa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Ірод Антипа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ірод Антипа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ہیرودیس انتیپاس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیرودیس انتیپاس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Herod Antipas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodes_Antipas" title="Herodes Antipas – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Herodes Antipas" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1st century AD tetrarch of Galilee and Perea (r. 1–39)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Herod Antipas</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Herod_Antipas_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Herod_Antipas_medal.svg/220px-Herod_Antipas_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Herod_Antipas_medal.svg/330px-Herod_Antipas_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Herod_Antipas_medal.svg/440px-Herod_Antipas_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Herod Antipas medallion from <i><a href="/wiki/Promptuarium_Iconum_Insigniorum" title="Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum">Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">4 BC – 39 AD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Agrippa_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrippa I">Agrippa I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Before 20 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">After AD 39<br /><a href="/wiki/Gallia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia">Gallia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wives</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phasa%27el" class="mw-redirect" title="Phasa'el">Phasaelis of Nabataea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herodian_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Dynasty">Herodian Dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malthace" title="Malthace">Malthace</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Herod Antipas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπας</span>, <i>Hērǭdēs Antipas</i>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 20 BC</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 39 AD</span>) was a 1st-century ruler of <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perea" title="Perea">Perea</a>. He bore the title of <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchy" title="Tetrarchy">tetrarch</a> ("ruler of a quarter") and is referred to as both "Herod the Tetrarch"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "King Herod"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeffers_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffers-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a son of <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a> and a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Antipater_the_Idumaean" title="Antipater the Idumaean">Antipater the Idumaean</a>. He is widely known today for accounts in the New Testament of his role in events that led to the executions of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus of Nazareth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Matthew_14" title="Matthew 14">Matthew 14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:1–12&version=nrsv">Matthew 14:1–12</a>). His father, Herod the Great, was described in the account as ordering the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Massacre of the Innocents</a>, marking the earliest Biblical account of the concerns of the government in Jerusalem regarding Jesus' existence. </p><p>Following the death of his father in 4 BC, Herod Antipas was recognized as tetrarch by Caesar <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> and subsequently by his brother, the <a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">ethnarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Herod Archelaus</a>. Antipas officially ruled Galilee and Perea as a <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marshall_2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marshall_2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Steinmann_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steinmann_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was responsible for building projects at <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Betharamphtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Betharamphtha">Betharamphtha</a>, and for the construction of his capital <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> on the western shore of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>. Named in honour of his patron, the emperor <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, the city later became a centre of <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">rabbinic</a> learning after the <a href="/wiki/Jewish-Roman_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Roman wars">Jewish-Roman wars</a>. </p><p>Antipas divorced his first wife <a href="/wiki/Phasaelis_(princess)" title="Phasaelis (princess)">Phasa'el</a>, the daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabatea</a>, in favour of <a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a>, who had formerly been married to his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Herod_II" title="Herod II">Herod II</a>. (Antipas was Herod the Great's son by <a href="/wiki/Malthace" title="Malthace">Malthace</a>, while Herod II was his son by <a href="/wiki/Mariamne_(third_wife_of_Herod)" title="Mariamne (third wife of Herod)">Mariamne II</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the New Testament <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>, it was John the Baptist's condemnation of this arrangement that led Antipas to have him arrested; John was subsequently put to death in <a href="/wiki/Machaerus" title="Machaerus">Machaerus</a>. Besides provoking his conflict with John the Baptist, the tetrarch's divorce added a personal grievance to previous disputes with Aretas over territory on the border of Perea and Nabatea. The result was a war that proved disastrous for Antipas; a Roman counter-offensive was ordered by Tiberius but abandoned upon that emperor's death in 37. In 39 Antipas was accused by his nephew <a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa I</a> of conspiracy against Emperor <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>, who sent him into exile in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>. Accompanied there by Herodias, he died at an unknown date.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> states that Jesus was first brought before <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> for trial, since Pilate was the governor of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Judea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Judea">Roman Judea</a>, which encompassed Jerusalem where <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Jesus was arrested</a>. Pilate initially handed him over to Antipas, in whose territory Jesus had been most active, but Antipas sent him back to <a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antipas was a son of <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, who had become king of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malthace" title="Malthace">Malthace</a>, who was from <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His date of birth is unknown but was before 20 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antipas, his full brother <a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Archelaus</a>, and his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip</a> were educated in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antipas was not Herod's first choice of heir. That honour fell to <a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_IV" title="Aristobulus IV">Aristobulus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander,_son_of_Herod" title="Alexander, son of Herod">Alexander</a>, Herod's sons by the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean</a> princess <a href="/wiki/Mariamne_I" title="Mariamne I">Mariamne</a>. It was only after they were executed (c. 7 BC), and Herod's oldest son <a href="/wiki/Antipater_(son_of_Herod_the_Great)" title="Antipater (son of Herod the Great)">Antipater</a> was convicted of trying to poison his father (5 BC), that Herod fell back on his youngest son Antipas, revising his will to make him heir.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his illness in 4 BC, Herod had yet another change of heart about the succession. According to the final version of his will, Antipas' elder brother Archelaus was to become king of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Idumea">Idumea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>, while Antipas would rule <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perea_(Holy_Land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perea (Holy Land)">Perea</a> with the lesser title of <a href="/wiki/Herodian_tetrarchy" title="Herodian tetrarchy">tetrarch</a>. Philip was to receive <a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Iturea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lajat" title="Lajat">Trachonitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batanea" class="mw-redirect" title="Batanea">Batanea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaulanitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulanitis">Gaulanitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auranitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Auranitis">Auranitis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paneas" class="mw-redirect" title="Paneas">Paneas</a> also with the title of tetrarch.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of Judea's status as a <a href="/wiki/Client_kingdoms_in_ancient_Rome" title="Client kingdoms in ancient Rome">Roman client kingdom</a>, Herod's plans for the succession had to be ratified by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. The three heirs therefore travelled to Rome to make their claims, Antipas arguing he ought to inherit the whole kingdom and the others maintaining that Herod's final will ought to be honoured. Despite qualified support for Antipas from Herodian family members in Rome—who favoured direct Roman rule of Judea but considered Antipas preferable to his brother—Augustus largely confirmed the division of territory set out by Herod in his final will. Archelaus gained the title of <a href="/wiki/Ethnarch" title="Ethnarch">ethnarch</a> rather than king.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4_BC_to_c._39_AD">4 BC to c. 39 AD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 4 BC to c. 39 AD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herod_Antipas_Tetrarchy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Herod_Antipas_Tetrarchy.svg/220px-Herod_Antipas_Tetrarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Herod_Antipas_Tetrarchy.svg/330px-Herod_Antipas_Tetrarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Herod_Antipas_Tetrarchy.svg/440px-Herod_Antipas_Tetrarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Domain given to Herod Antipas, as Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, by Augustus in 4 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herod_Antipas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Herod_Antipas.jpg/220px-Herod_Antipas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Herod_Antipas.jpg/330px-Herod_Antipas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Herod_Antipas.jpg/440px-Herod_Antipas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Herodian_coinage" title="Herodian coinage">Coin of Herod Antipas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC, Augustus confirmed the testament of the dead king by making Antipas tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, a region he ruled for 42 years.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two territories were separated by the region of the <a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a>, with Galilee to the north and Perea to the south. Threats to stability in both areas would have been clear to Antipas when he took office. While he had been making his case to Augustus in Rome, dissidents had attacked the palace of <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a> in Galilee, seizing money as well as weapons which they used to terrorize the area.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a counterattack ordered by <a href="/wiki/Publius_Quinctilius_Varus" title="Publius Quinctilius Varus">Quinctilius Varus</a>, Roman governor of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a>, Sepphoris was destroyed by fire and its inhabitants sold as slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perea, meanwhile, bordered on the <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Kingdom of Nabatea</a>, which had long had uneasy relations with Romans and Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part of Antipas' solution was to follow in his father's footsteps as a builder. He rebuilt and fortified Sepphoris, while also adding a wall to <a href="/wiki/Betharamphtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Betharamphtha">Betharamphtha</a> in Perea.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter city was renamed Livias after Augustus' wife <a href="/wiki/Livia" title="Livia">Livia</a>, and later Julias after <a href="/wiki/Julia_the_Elder" title="Julia the Elder">his daughter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the tetrarch's most noted construction was his capital on the western shore of the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, so named to honour his patron <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, who had succeeded Augustus as emperor in 14 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents could bathe nearby at the warm springs of <a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a>, and by the time of the <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">First Jewish-Roman War</a> the city's buildings included a stadium, a royal palace, and a sanctuary for prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gave its name to the sea and later became a centre of <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">rabbinic</a> learning after the <a href="/wiki/Jewish-Roman_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Roman wars">Jewish-Roman wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, pious Jews at first refused to live in it because it was built atop a graveyard and therefore a source of <a href="/wiki/Tumah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumah">ritual impurity</a>. Antipas had to colonize it with a mixture of foreigners, <a href="/wiki/Forced_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced migration">forced migrants</a>, poor people, and freed slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At other times Antipas was more sensitive to Jewish tradition. His coins carried no images, which would have violated Jewish prescriptions against <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a>, governor of Judea from 26 to 36, caused offence by placing votive shields in the Antonia palace at <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, Antipas and his brothers successfully petitioned for their removal.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_the_Baptist_and_Jesus">John the Baptist and Jesus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: John the Baptist and Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg/170px-Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg/255px-Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg/340px-Jesus-och-Herodes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption><i>Jesus before Herod Antipas</i>, <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>, 1509</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Herods_of_the_Bible.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/The_Herods_of_the_Bible.svg/220px-The_Herods_of_the_Bible.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/The_Herods_of_the_Bible.svg/330px-The_Herods_of_the_Bible.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/The_Herods_of_the_Bible.svg/440px-The_Herods_of_the_Bible.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1290" /></a><figcaption>Schematic family tree showing the <i>Herods</i> of the Bible</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marriage_to_Herodias">Marriage to Herodias</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marriage to Herodias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early in his reign, Antipas had married <a href="/wiki/Phasaelis_(princess)" title="Phasaelis (princess)">Phasa'el</a>, the daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a> of Nabatea. However, on a visit to Rome he stayed with his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Herod_II" title="Herod II">Herod II</a> and there he fell in love with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a>, granddaughter of Herod the Great and <a href="/wiki/Mariamne_I" title="Mariamne I">Mariamne I</a>, and the two agreed to marry after Herod Antipas had divorced his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phasa'el learned of the plan and asked permission to travel to the frontier fortress of <a href="/wiki/Machaerus" title="Machaerus">Machaerus</a>, whence Nabatean forces escorted her to her father. With his daughter safe in his custody, Aretas declared war on Herod.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> states that Aretas was joined in this war by "fugitives from the tetrarchy of Phillip",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas <a href="/wiki/Movses_Khorenatsi" title="Movses Khorenatsi">Moses of Chorene</a> states that Aretas was joined by the <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessan</a> army.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is said that the joint Petra-Edessan army prevailed over the forces of Herod Antipas. </p><p>It is generally agreed that the war, in which Herod was defeated, occurred in 36, a year before the death of Tiberius. A point of contention today is how long before this date Herod's marriage to Herodias took place. Some surmise that the marriage of Antipas and Herodias took place shortly before the war in about 34, after the death of Philip,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but others have pointed to Josephus' <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i> (Book 18, chapter 5, paragraph 4) comment that Herodias "divorced herself from her husband while he was alive" to argue that it took place before Herod II's death, in about 27, thus making it possible for Jesus to have been born in the reign of Herod the Great (as indicated by the Gospel of Matthew) and to have died in his early 30s (as indicated by the Gospel of Luke).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="John's_ministry_and_execution"><span id="John.27s_ministry_and_execution"></span>John's ministry and execution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: John's ministry and execution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antipas faced more immediate problems in his own tetrarchy after <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> (in 28/29 according to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 27, if the co-regency of Augustus and Tiberius is included in Luke's reckoning of time, for which there is some evidence) began a ministry of preaching and <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>, which marked the western edge of Antipas' territory of Perea. The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> state that John attacked the tetrarch's marriage as contrary to Jewish law (it was incestuous, as Herodias was also Antipas' niece, but also John criticized the fact that she was his brother's wife (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:18&version=nrsv">Mark 6:18</a>), lending credence to the belief that Antipas and Herodias married while Herod II was still alive), while Josephus says that John's public influence made Antipas fearful of rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John was imprisoned in Machaerus and <a href="/wiki/Beheading_of_John_the_Baptist" title="Beheading of John the Baptist">later executed by beheading</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, Herod was reluctant to order John's death. However, during his birthday banquet, he had been so pleased by the dancing of Herodias' daughter (unnamed in the text but named by Josephus as <a href="/wiki/Salome" title="Salome">Salome</a>), he had sworn an oath and promised to grant whatever she asked. Her mother then prompted her to ask for John's head on a platter. Compelled not to violate his oath to the girl or the guests, Antipas ordered John beheaded.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jesus'_ministry_and_trial"><span id="Jesus.27_ministry_and_trial"></span>Jesus' ministry and trial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jesus' ministry and trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among those baptized by John was <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus of Nazareth</a>, who began his own ministry in Galilee, causing Antipas, according to Matthew and Mark, to fear that John had been <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">raised from the dead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> states that a group of <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> warn Jesus to flee because Antipas was plotting his death, whereupon Jesus denounces the tetrarch as a "fox" and declares that he, Jesus, would not fall victim to such a plot to run from heading towards Jerusalem because "it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luke also credits the tetrarch with a role in Jesus' trial. According to Luke, Pilate, on learning that Jesus was a Galilean and therefore under Herod's jurisdiction, sent him to Antipas, who was also in Jerusalem at the time. Initially, Antipas was pleased to see Jesus, hoping to see him perform a <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miracle</a>, but when Jesus remained silent in the face of questioning, Antipas mocked him and sent him back to Pilate. Luke states that these events improved relations between Pilate and Herod despite their earlier enmity.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reason for Antipas' involvement has been debated. <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a> argues that the normal legal procedure of the early Roman Empire was for defendants to be tried by the authorities of their home provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/A._N._Sherwin-White" title="A. N. Sherwin-White">A. N. Sherwin-White</a> re-examined the relevant legal texts and concluded that trials were generally based on the location of the alleged crimes, but that there was a possibility of referral to a province of origin in special cases.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If Pilate was not required to send Jesus to Antipas, he may have been making a show of courtesy to the tetrarch<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Buck_passing" title="Buck passing">trying to avoid</a> the need to deal with the Jewish authorities himself.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Jesus was sent back, Pilate could still have represented Antipas' failure to convict as support for his own view (according to Luke) that Jesus was not guilty of a capital offence,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus allowing him to avoid responsibility for Jesus' crucifixion.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the lack of historical evidence, it has been suggested that Jesus' trial by Antipas is unhistorical.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English historian <a href="/wiki/Robin_Lane_Fox" title="Robin Lane Fox">Robin Lane Fox</a> alleges that the story was invented based on <a href="/wiki/Psalm_2" title="Psalm 2">Psalm 2</a>, in which "the kings of the earth" are described as opposing the Lord's "<a href="/wiki/Anointing#The_Messiah" title="Anointing">anointed</a>", and also served to show that the authorities failed to find grounds for convicting Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_reign">Later reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Herod_(H%C3%A9rode)_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Herod_%28H%C3%A9rode%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/170px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Herod_%28H%C3%A9rode%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Herod_%28H%C3%A9rode%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/255px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Herod_%28H%C3%A9rode%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Herod_%28H%C3%A9rode%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/340px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Herod_%28H%C3%A9rode%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Herod (Hérode), by French painter and Bible illustrator <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Between 34 and 36<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the conflict with Aretas of Nabatea—caused by Antipas' divorce from Aretas' daughter and the rulers' disagreement over territory—developed into open war. Antipas' army suffered a devastating defeat after fugitives from the former tetrarchy of <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip</a> sided with the Nabateans, and Antipas was forced to appeal to Tiberius for help. The emperor ordered <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Vitellius" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Vitellius">Lucius Vitellius</a>, governor of Syria, to march against Aretas and ensure that he was captured or killed.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vitellius obediently mobilized two <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legions</a>, sending them on a detour around Judea while he joined Antipas in attending a festival at Jerusalem. While staying there he learned of the death of Tiberius (16 March 37), concluded he lacked the authority to go to war, and recalled his troops.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josephus implies that Vitellius was unwilling to cooperate with the tetrarch because of a grudge he bore from an earlier incident. According to his account, Antipas provided hospitality at a conference on the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> between Vitellius and King <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_III_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus III of Parthia">Artabanus III of Parthia</a>, and after Vitellius' diplomatic success anticipated the governor in sending a report to Tiberius.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other sources place the meeting between Vitellius and Artabanus under Tiberius' successor <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading some historians to think that Josephus misdated it to the reign of Tiberius or conflated it with an earlier diplomatic meeting involving Antipas and Vitellius.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exile_and_death">Exile and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exile and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antipas' fall from power was due to Caligula and to his own nephew <a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa</a>, brother of Herodias. When Agrippa fell into debt during the reign of Tiberius despite his connections with the imperial family, Herodias persuaded Antipas to provide for him, but the two men quarrelled, and Agrippa departed. After Agrippa was heard expressing to his friend Caligula his eagerness for Tiberius to die and leave room for Caligula to succeed him, he was imprisoned. When Caligula became emperor in 37, he released his friend and granted him rule of Philip's former tetrarchy (slightly extended), with the title of king.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josephus relates that Herodias, jealous at Agrippa's success, persuaded Antipas to ask Caligula for the title of king for himself. However, Agrippa simultaneously presented the emperor with a list of charges against the tetrarch: allegedly, he had conspired against Tiberius with <a href="/wiki/Sejanus" title="Sejanus">Sejanus</a> (executed in 31) and was plotting against Caligula with King Artabanus. As evidence, Agrippa noted that Antipas had a stockpile of weapons sufficient for 70,000 men. Hearing Antipas' admission to this last charge, Caligula decided to believe the allegations of conspiracy. In the summer of 39, Antipas' money and territory were turned over to Agrippa, while Antipas was exiled.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His place of exile is described by Josephus in <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities</a></i> as <a href="/wiki/Lugdunum" title="Lugdunum">Lugdunum</a>, a city in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">The Wars of the Jews</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two places in France that claim to be the place of exile: <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (Lugdunum) and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges" title="Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges">Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges</a> (Lugdunum Convenae), on the Spanish border. Antipas died in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd-century historian <a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a> seems to imply that Caligula had him killed, but this is usually treated with skepticism by modern historians.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_f_096v_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_096v_1.png/170px-Nuremberg_chronicles_f_096v_1.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_096v_1.png 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Herod Antipas as portrayed in the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Among the followers of Jesus and members of the early Christian movement mentioned in the New Testament are <a href="/wiki/Joanna,_wife_of_Chuza" title="Joanna, wife of Chuza">Joanna</a>, the wife of one of Antipas' stewards, and <a href="/wiki/Manahen" title="Manahen">Manaen</a>, a "foster-brother" or "companion" of Antipas (both translations are possible for the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">σύντροφος</span></span>). It has been conjectured that these were sources for early Christian knowledge of Antipas and his court.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, Antipas featured prominently in the New Testament in connection with the deaths of John the Baptist and Jesus. The <a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">pseudepigraphical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Gospel of Peter</a></i> further states that it was Antipas rather than Pilate who ordered the crucifixion of Jesus. In line with the work's anti-Judaic theme, it pointedly remarks that Herod and "the Jews", unlike Pilate, refused to "wash their hands" of responsibility for the death.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antipas has appeared in a large number of representations of the <a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">passion of Jesus</a>—most notably portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Thring" title="Frank Thring">Frank Thring</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_(1961_film)" title="King of Kings (1961 film)">King of Kings</a></i> (1961), <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Story_Ever_Told" title="The Greatest Story Ever Told">The Greatest Story Ever Told</a></i> (1965), and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)">Jesus of Nazareth</a></i> (1977). Often, as in the films <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar_(film)" title="Jesus Christ Superstar (film)">Jesus Christ Superstar</a></i> (1973) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Passion_of_the_Christ" title="The Passion of the Christ">The Passion of the Christ</a></i> (2004), Antipas is portrayed as <a href="/wiki/Effeminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Effeminate">effeminate</a> (Antipas is played in those films by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Mostel" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Mostel">Joshua Mostel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luca_De_Dominicis" title="Luca De Dominicis">Luca De Dominicis</a> respectively); the origin of this tradition may have been Antipas' manipulation by his wife Herodias, as well as Christ's description of him as a "fox" in Luke 13:32, using a feminine word in the original Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(1953_film)" title="Salome (1953 film)">Salome</a></i> (1953), he is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a>. He was played by <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Lewis_(actor)" title="Mitchell Lewis (actor)">Mitchell Lewis</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Salom%C3%A9_(1923_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salomé (1923 film)">Salomé</a></i> (1923). He also features in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Magdalene_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Secret Magdalene (book)">The Secret Magdalene</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ki_Longfellow" title="Ki Longfellow">Ki Longfellow</a>. In Longfellow's view, he was not effeminate so much as rash, ineffective, and when backed into a corner by his furious ex-father-in-law, willing to do anything to save himself. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>'s <i>Hérodias</i> (1877), Herodias uses her long-concealed daughter, Salome, to manipulate Herod sexually for her own political purposes. This conceit (original to Flaubert) inspired <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(play)" title="Salome (play)">Salome</a></i> (1891), the first version of the legend to show Salome with a will of her own, opposing her mother and lusting after John the Baptist. Naive and puzzled by her stepfather's lascivious attentions, the young girl arouses Herod in order to avenge herself on the prophet who has refused her advances. Flaubert's novella was turned into an opera by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Massenet" title="Jules Massenet">Jules Massenet</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rodiade" title="Hérodiade">Hérodiade</a></i>, 1881) in which Salome, ignorant of her royal parentage, becomes a disciple of John, who is then executed by the lustful and jealous Herod (a baritone). In <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">operatic setting of Wilde's play</a> (1905), Herod (a tenor) is depicted as befuddled by both drink and lust, and in bitter conflict with his wife (as in Flaubert). At the end of the opera (as in Wilde's play), disgusted with Salome's behavior with the head of John, he orders her execution. In <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Bethlehem" title="Journey to Bethlehem">Journey to Bethlehem</a></i>, he is portrayed as the semi-loyal son of Herod and struggles to follow his father's commands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a><br />King of Arabia</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Phasaelis</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Herod Antipas</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Simon_son_of_Boethus" title="Simon son of Boethus">Simon Boethus</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest</a>)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Judaea" title="Alexander of Judaea">Alexander I</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_the_Maccabee" title="Alexandra the Maccabee">Alexandra</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Antipater_the_Idumaean" title="Antipater the Idumaean">Antipater<br />the Idumaean</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Antipater_the_Idumaean" title="Antipater the Idumaean">Cypros</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Nabataean_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabataean kingdom">Nabatean</a>)</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_III_of_Judea" title="Aristobulus III of Judea">Aristobulus III</a><br />d. 35 BCE</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Doris</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_of_Jerusalem" title="Cleopatra of Jerusalem">Cleopatra<br />of Jerusalem</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mariamne_(third_wife_of_Herod)" title="Mariamne (third wife of Herod)">Mariamne II</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mariamne_I" title="Mariamne I">Mariamne I</a><br />d. 29 BCE</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Malthace" title="Malthace">Malthace</a><br />(Samaritan)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod<br />the Great</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Salome_I" title="Salome I">Salome I</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Phasa%27el" class="mw-redirect" title="Phasa'el">Phasa'el</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Pheroras</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Joseph</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Alexander,_son_of_Herod" title="Alexander, son of Herod">Alexander II</a><br />d. 7 BCE</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Salome)" title="Berenice (daughter of Salome)">Berenice</a><br />(daughter of <a href="/wiki/Salome_I" title="Salome I">Salome I</a>)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_IV" title="Aristobulus IV">Aristobulus IV</a><br />d. 7 BCE</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Herod_II" title="Herod II">Herod II</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Herod Antipas</b></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mariamne_III" title="Mariamne III">Mariamne III</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Herod Archelaus</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Glaphyra" title="Glaphyra">Glaphyra</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Olympias_(Herodian)" title="Olympias (Herodian)">Olympias</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Joseph ben Joseph</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip the Tetrarch</a><br />d. 34 CE</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Salome" title="Salome">Salome</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_of_Chalcis" title="Aristobulus of Chalcis">Aristobulus of Chalcis</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px dashed;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Antipater_(son_of_Herod_the_Great)" title="Antipater (son of Herod the Great)">Antipater II</a><br />d. 4 BCE</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px dashed;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty">Herodian dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_kingdom" title="Herodian kingdom">Herodian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_figures_identified_in_extra-biblical_sources" title="List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources">List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">"14:1 – John the Baptist Beheaded". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mt+14%3A1&version=NASB"><i>Matthew</i></a> (NASB ed.). Bible Gateway<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>At that</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=14%3A1+%E2%80%93+John+the+Baptist+Beheaded&rft.btitle=Matthew&rft.edition=NASB&rft.pub=Bible+Gateway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DMt%2B14%253A1%26version%3DNASB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"6:14–29 – John's Fate Recalled". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+6%3A14-29&version=NASB"><i>Mark</i></a> (NASB ed.). <a href="/wiki/BibleGateway.com" class="mw-redirect" title="BibleGateway.com">BibleGateway.com</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>And King Herod</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6%3A14%E2%80%9329+%E2%80%93+John%27s+Fate+Recalled&rft.btitle=Mark&rft.edition=NASB&rft.pub=BibleGateway.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DMark%2B6%253A14-29%26version%3DNASB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeffers-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jeffers_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffers2000" class="citation book cs1">Jeffers, James S. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YGmKaXiUDiYC&pg=PA125"><i>The Greco-Roman World of the New Testament Era: Exploring the Background of Early Christianity</i></a>. Intervarsity Press. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-83081589-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-83081589-0"><bdi>978-0-83081589-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greco-Roman+World+of+the+New+Testament+Era%3A+Exploring+the+Background+of+Early+Christianity&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Intervarsity+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-83081589-0&rft.aulast=Jeffers&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYGmKaXiUDiYC%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marshall_2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marshall_2012_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marshall, Taylor, 2012. <i>The Eternal City</i>, Dallas: St. John, pp. 35–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steinmann_2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steinmann_2011_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steinmann, Andrew, 2011. <i>From Abraham to Paul: A Biblical Chronology</i>, St. Louis: Concordia, pp. 235–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce1990" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, Frederick Fyvie (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2lN0ibbLOHEC&pg=PA96"><i>The Acts of the Apostles</i></a>. Eerdmans. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80280966-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80280966-7"><bdi>978-0-80280966-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Acts+of+the+Apostles&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-80280966-7&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Fyvie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2lN0ibbLOHEC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/herod2.html">"The House of Herod"</a>. <i>Virtual religion</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virtual+religion&rft.atitle=The+House+of+Herod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvirtualreligion.net%2Fiho%2Fherod2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0526.tlg004.perseus-eng1:2.181">18.181</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.20">17.20</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">War</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+1.562">1.562</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milwitzky 638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.20">17.20–21</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 6–7; Schürer 320–325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.188">17.188–189</a>, <i>War</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+1.664">1.664</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.224">17.224–249</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.299">299–323</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.271">17.271–272</a>, <i>War</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+2.56">2.56</a>. This Judas may be identical with the <a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas of Galilee</a> who led resistance to the <a href="/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius" title="Census of Quirinius">Census of Quirinius</a> (Schürer 381).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.288">17.288–289</a>, <i>War</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+2.68">2.68</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For Nabatean history, see Schürer 574–586.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.27">18.27</a>, <i>War</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+2.168">2.168</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 9; Schürer 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.36">18.36</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schürer 342–343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 9, citing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%206:1&version=nrsv">John 6:1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2021:1&version=nrsv">21:1</a> for the "Sea of Tiberias".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0526.tlg001.perseus-eng1:18.2.3">18.37–38</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schürer 343 and n. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book40.html">On the Embassy to Gaius</a></i> 299–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.109">18.109–110</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:17&version=nrsv">Mark 6:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.111">18.111–113</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities 18.109 (18.5.1)</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moses of Chorene, <i>History of Armenia 2:29</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kokkinos, <i>The Herodian Dynasty</i>, pp. 268, 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stewart Perowne, <i>The Later Herods</i> p. 49, (Bruce 10 n. 16; Schürer 344 and n. 19)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:1&version=nrsv">Luke 3:1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:3–4&version=nrsv">Matthew 14:3–4</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:17–18&version=nrsv">Mark 6:17–18</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:19&version=nrsv">Luke 3:19</a>; Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.118">18.118</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.119">18.119</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:6–11&version=nrsv">Matthew 14:6–11</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:19–28&version=nrsv">Mark 6:19–28</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:1–2&version=nrsv">Matthew 14:1–2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:14–16&version=nrsv">Mark 6:14–16</a>; cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%209:7–9&version=nrsv">Luke 9:7–9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2013:31–33&version=nrsv">Luke 13:31–33</a>. The "fox" had been interpreted as a symbol of either cunning or destruction (Schürer 342 and n. 5). <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Gundry" title="Robert H. Gundry">Robert H. Gundry</a>, noting that the Greek word is feminine, suggests that "Jesus is calling Herod a <a href="/wiki/Vixen" class="mw-redirect" title="Vixen">vixen</a> ... not an animal to be afraid of or to run away from" (Gundry 3).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2023:5–12&version=nrsv">Luke 23:5–12</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited by Sherwin-White 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sherwin-White 28–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 16–17; Hoehner 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoehner 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2023:13–16&version=nrsv">Luke 23:13–16</a>; Bruce 17; Hoehner 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoehner 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jensen 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lane Fox 297, citing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Psalms%202:2&version=nrsv">Psalm 2:2</a> (also quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%204:26&version=nrsv">Acts 4:26</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Frank_Doig1990" class="citation web cs1">Kenneth Frank Doig (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nowoezone.com/NTC25.htm">"New Testament Chronology"</a>. Nowoezone.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Testament+Chronology&rft.pub=Nowoezone.com&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Kenneth+Frank+Doig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nowoezone.com%2FNTC25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Paul's departure from Damascus (2 Cor 11:32; Acts 9) took place as early as AD 34" – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6963609/Appendix_A_Chronology_of_Paul_s_Life">Appendix A – Chronology of Paul's Life</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.113">18.113–115</a>; Schürer 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.120">18.120–126</a>; Schürer 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.101">18.101–105</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Life_of_the_Caesars#Life_of_Caligula" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Life of the Caesars">Caligula</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#14.3">14.3</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Dio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#27.2">59.27.2–3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce 18–19; Schürer 350–351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.143">18.143–239</a>, <i>War</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+2.178">2.178–181</a>; Bruce 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>Antiquities</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+18.240">18.240–252</a>, <i>War</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+2.181">2.181–183</a>. For the date, see Schürer 352–353 n. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XVIII, Ch. VII. Whiston's translation revised by Rev A R Shilleto</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Wars of the Jews Book II, 181, The Works of Flavius Josephus. Translated by William Whiston, A.M. Auburn and Buffalo. John E. Beardsley. 1895</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josephus, <i>War</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=J.+BJ+2.181">2.183</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dio <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#8.2">59.8.2</a>; Milwitzky 639. Schürer calls Dio's statement "confused" (353), while Bruce simply remarks that "in exile Antipas and Herodias together disappear from history" (21).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%208:3&version=nrsv">Luke 8:3</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:1&version=nrsv">Acts 13:1</a>, with Bruce 13–14; Lane Fox 297 is skeptical.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Gospel of Peter</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/gospelpeter.html">1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gundry 3, endorsed by Goodacre <i>passim</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Ancient</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Psalms%202:2&version=nrsv">Psalm 2:2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:1–11&version=nrsv">Matthew 14:1–11</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:14–28&version=nrsv">Mark 6:14–28</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:1&version=nrsv">Luke 3:1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:19–20&version=nrsv">3:19–20</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%208:3&version=nrsv">8:3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%209:7–9&version=nrsv">9:7–9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2013:31–33&version=nrsv">13:31–33</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2023:5–16&version=nrsv">23:5–16</a>; John <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2021:1&version=nrsv">21:1</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%204:27&version=nrsv">Acts 4:27</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:1&version=nrsv">13:1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Dio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#8.2">59.8.2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/59*.html#27.2">59.27.2–3</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+AJ+17.1">17–18</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wars of the Jews">War</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=J.+BJ+1.1">1–2</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Peter" title="Gospel of Peter">Gospel of Peter</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/gospelpeter.html">1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book40.html">On the Embassy to Gaius</a></i> 299–305.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Life_of_the_Caesars#Life_of_Caligula" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Life of the Caesars">Caligula</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Caligula*.html#14.3">14.3</a>.</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Modern</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBond1998" class="citation book cs1">Bond, Helen K. (1998). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pontiuspilatehis00bond_270"><i>Pontius Pilate in History and Interpretation</i></a></span>. Society for New Testament Studies monograph series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pontiuspilatehis00bond_270/page/n174">149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63114-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63114-3"><bdi>978-0-521-63114-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pontius+Pilate+in+History+and+Interpretation&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Society+for+New+Testament+Studies+monograph+series&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63114-3&rft.aulast=Bond&rft.aufirst=Helen+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpontiuspilatehis00bond_270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce1963–1965" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._F._Bruce" title="F. F. Bruce">Bruce, F. F.</a> (1963–1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120190207/https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/herod_bruce.pdf">"Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society</i>. <b>5</b>: 6–23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/herod_bruce.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+of+Leeds+University+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Herod+Antipas%2C+Tetrarch+of+Galilee+and+Peraea&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=6-23&rft.date=1963%2F1965&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=F.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalstudies.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Fherod_bruce.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodacre2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Goodacre" title="Mark Goodacre">Goodacre, Mark</a> (1 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ntweblog.blogspot.com/2004/05/herod-antipas-in-passion-of-christ.html">"Herod Antipas in The Passion of the Christ"</a>. <i>NT Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NT+Blog&rft.atitle=Herod+Antipas+in+The+Passion+of+the+Christ&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.aulast=Goodacre&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fntweblog.blogspot.com%2F2004%2F05%2Fherod-antipas-in-passion-of-christ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGundry" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Gundry" title="Robert H. Gundry">Gundry, Robert H.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbl-site.org/assets/pdfs/GundryLetter.pdf">"The Burden of the Passion"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>SBL Forum</i>. <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Biblical_Literature" title="Society of Biblical Literature">Society of Biblical Literature</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBL+Forum&rft.atitle=The+Burden+of+the+Passion&rft.aulast=Gundry&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbl-site.org%2Fassets%2Fpdfs%2FGundryLetter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoehner1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hoehner" title="Harold Hoehner">Hoehner, Harold W.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071021142354/http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/antipas_hoehner.pdf">"Why Did Pilate Hand Jesus Over to Antipas?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Ernst Bammel (ed.). <a href="/wiki/C._F._D._Moule" title="C. F. D. Moule"><i>The Trial of Jesus: Cambridge Studies in Honour of C. F. D. Moule</i></a>. Studies in Biblical Theology. London: SCM Press. pp. 84–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-334-01678-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-334-01678-6"><bdi>978-0-334-01678-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/antipas_hoehner.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 21 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Why+Did+Pilate+Hand+Jesus+Over+to+Antipas%3F&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+Jesus%3A+Cambridge+Studies+in+Honour+of+C.+F.+D.+Moule&rft.place=London&rft.series=Studies+in+Biblical+Theology&rft.pages=84-90&rft.pub=SCM+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-334-01678-6&rft.aulast=Hoehner&rft.aufirst=Harold+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalstudies.org.uk%2Fpdf%2Fantipas_hoehner.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2006" class="citation book cs1">Jensen, Morten Hørning (2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/herodantipasgali00jens"><i>Herod Antipas in Galilee: The Literary and Archaeological Sources on the Reign of Herod Antipas and its Socio-economic Impact on Galilee</i></a></span>. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/herodantipasgali00jens/page/n133">121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-148967-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-148967-9"><bdi>978-3-16-148967-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herod+Antipas+in+Galilee%3A+The+Literary+and+Archaeological+Sources+on+the+Reign+of+Herod+Antipas+and+its+Socio-economic+Impact+on+Galilee&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.series=Wissenschaftliche+Untersuchungen+zum+Neuen+Testament&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-16-148967-9&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Morten+H%C3%B8rning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fherodantipasgali00jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span> 2nd rev. ed. (Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2010) Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 2.Reihe (WUNT II), 215.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane_Fox1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Lane_Fox" title="Robin Lane Fox">Lane Fox, Robin</a> (1991). <i>The Unauthorized Version: Truth and Fiction in the Bible</i>. London: Viking. p. 297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-82412-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-82412-0"><bdi>978-0-670-82412-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unauthorized+Version%3A+Truth+and+Fiction+in+the+Bible&rft.place=London&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-670-82412-0&rft.aulast=Lane+Fox&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilwitzky1901–1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Milwitzky, William (1901–1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=1597&letter=A">"Antipas (Herod Antipas)"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Singer" title="Isidore Singer">Isidore Singer</a>; et al. (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 638–9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antipas+%28Herod+Antipas%29&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=638-9&rft.pub=Funk+%26+Wagnalls&rft.date=1901%2F1906&rft.aulast=Milwitzky&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D1597%26letter%3DA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchürer1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Sch%C3%BCrer" title="Emil Schürer">Schürer, Emil</a> (1973). <i>The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume I</i>. revised and edited by <a href="/wiki/Geza_Vermes" class="mw-redirect" title="Geza Vermes">Geza Vermes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fergus_Millar" title="Fergus Millar">Fergus Millar</a> and Matthew Black (revised English ed.). Edinburgh: T&T Clark. pp. 340–353 (treat Antipas' reign). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-02242-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-02242-4"><bdi>978-0-567-02242-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Jewish+People+in+the+Age+of+Jesus+Christ%3A+Volume+I&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=340-353+%28treat+Antipas%27+reign%29&rft.edition=revised+English&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-567-02242-4&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCrer&rft.aufirst=Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwin-White1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._N._Sherwin-White" title="A. N. Sherwin-White">Sherwin-White, A. N.</a> (1963). <i>Roman Society and Roman Law in the New Testament</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-8148-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-8148-4"><bdi>978-0-8010-8148-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Society+and+Roman+Law+in+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-8148-4&rft.aulast=Sherwin-White&rft.aufirst=A.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerod+Antipas" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herod_Antipas&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Herod_Antipas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/antipas.html">Galilee under Antipas</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/antipas_2.html">Antipas</a> entries in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Herod Antipas </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Herodian_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Dynasty">House of Herod</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> after 39 AD</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasmonean_and_Herodian_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers">Tetrarch of Galilee</a> </b><br />4 BC – 39 AD </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Agrippa_I" 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Testament_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Testament_people" title="Template talk:New Testament people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Testament_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament_people" title="Category:New Testament people">New Testament people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphaeus" title="Alphaeus">Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna the Prophetess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabbas" title="Barabbas">Barabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_blind_near_Jericho" title="Healing the blind near Jericho">Bartimaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_man_of_Bethsaida" title="Blind man of Bethsaida">Blind man <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bethsaida)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celidonius" title="Celidonius">Celidonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopas" title="Cleopas">Cleopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Penitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Dismas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impenitent_thief" title="Impenitent thief">Impenitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Gestas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Jairus%27_daughter" title="Raising of Jairus' daughter">Jairus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna,_wife_of_Chuza" title="Joanna, wife of Chuza">Joanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Jude, brother of Jesus">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(demons)" title="Legion (demons)">Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Clopas" title="Mary of Clopas">Mary of Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">Naked fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Nain" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Nain">Son of Nain's widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nicodemus_ben_Gurion" title="Nicodemus ben Gurion">Nicodemus ben Gurion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Simon, brother of Jesus">Simon, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Leper" title="Simon the Leper">Simon the Leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Pharisee" title="Simon the Pharisee">Simon the Pharisee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(disciple)" title="Susanna (disciple)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Syrophoenician_woman%27s_daughter" title="Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter">Syrophoenician woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacchaeus" title="Zacchaeus">Zacchaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_James" title="New Testament people named James">People named James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">People named John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Joseph" title="New Testament people named Joseph">People named Joseph</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Joses" title="Joses">Joses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Judas_or_Jude" title="New Testament people named Judas or Jude">People named Judas or Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Mary" title="New Testament people named Mary">People named Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Simon" title="New Testament people named Simon">People named Simon or Simeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel#Christian_beliefs" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Jesus's brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_demonology" title="Christian demonology">Demons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Female disciples of Jesus">Female disciples of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God-fearer" title="God-fearer">God-fearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodians" title="Herodians">Herodians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_the_biblical_nameless#New_Testament" title="List of names for the biblical nameless">Nameless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselyte" title="Proselyte">Proselytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofer" title="Sofer">Scribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_crucifixion" title="Women at the crucifixion">Women at the crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealots_(Judea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealots (Judea)">Zealots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Less" title="James the Less">Less</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Judas Thaddaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon the Zealot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_(biblical_figure)" title="Aeneas (biblical figure)">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_of_Damascus" title="Ananias of Damascus">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Damascus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Judaea)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias son of Nedebeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Thessalonica" title="Aristarchus of Thessalonica">Aristarchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastus" title="Blastus">Blastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaris_(biblical_figure)" title="Damaris (biblical figure)">Damaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_(biblical_figure)" title="Demetrius (biblical figure)">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas" title="Dorcas">Dorcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymas" title="Elymas">Elymas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_(prophet)" title="Egyptian (prophet)">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_eunuch" title="Ethiopian eunuch">Ethiopian eunuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychus" title="Eutychus">Eutychus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel" title="Gamaliel">Gamaliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_of_Thessalonica" title="Jason of Thessalonica">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barsabbas" title="Joseph Barsabbas">Joseph Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Cyrene" title="Lucius of Cyrene">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_of_Thyatira" title="Lydia of Thyatira">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manahen" title="Manahen">Manaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">(John) Mark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_cousin_of_Barnabas" title="Mark the cousin of Barnabas">cousin of Barnabas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_John_Mark" title="Mary, mother of John Mark">Mary, mother of (John) Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnason" title="Mnason">Mnason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_the_Deacon" title="Nicanor the Deacon">Nicanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaism#Nicolas" title="Nicolaism">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenas" title="Parmenas">Parmenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Evangelist" title="Philip the Evangelist">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochorus_(deacon)" title="Prochorus (deacon)">Prochorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Publius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_(biblical_figure)" title="Rhoda (biblical figure)">Rhoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Sapphira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceva" title="Sceva">Sceva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Deacons" title="Seven Deacons">Seven Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silvanus_of_the_Seventy" title="Silvanus of the Seventy">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Niger" title="Simeon Niger">Simeon Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopater" title="Sopater">Sopater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes" title="Sosthenes">Sosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudas" title="Theudas">Theudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophimus" title="Trophimus">Trophimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tychicus" title="Tychicus">Tychicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenas_the_Lawyer" title="Zenas the Lawyer">Zenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Romans and<br /><a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty">Herod's family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Gospels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antipas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Archelaus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longinus" title="Longinus">Longinus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate%27s_wife" title="Pontius Pilate's wife">Pilate's wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome" title="Salome">Salome</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Acts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Berenice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Drusilla (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Drusilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Felix" title="Antonius Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcius_Festus" title="Porcius Festus">Festus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus" title="Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus">Gallio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Lysias" title="Claudius Lysias">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_Paulus" title="Sergius Paulus">Paullus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaicus_of_Corinth" title="Achaicus of Corinth">Achaicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Ephesian)" title="Alexander (Ephesian)">Alexander of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Coppersmith" title="Alexander the Coppersmith">Alexander the Coppersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Pannonia" title="Andronicus of Pannonia">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archippus" title="Archippus">Archippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_(saint)" title="Artemas (saint)">Artemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpus_of_Beroea" title="Carpus of Beroea">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Claudia" title="Saint Claudia">Claudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescens" title="Crescens">Crescens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demas" title="Demas">Demas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diotrephes" title="Diotrephes">Diotrephes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphras" title="Epaphras">Epaphras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphroditus" title="Epaphroditus">Epaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_of_Corinth" title="Erastus of Corinth">Erastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_(biblical_figure)" title="Eunice (biblical figure)">Eunice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euodia_and_Syntyche" title="Euodia and Syntyche">Euodia and Syntyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodion_of_Patras" title="Herodion of Patras">Herodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymenaeus_(biblical_figure)" title="Hymenaeus (biblical figure)">Hymenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Justus" title="Jesus Justus">Jesus Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junia_(New_Testament_person)" title="Junia (New Testament person)">Junia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_(biblical_figure)" title="Lois (biblical figure)">Lois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Rome" title="Mary of Rome">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphas" title="Nymphas">Nymphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympas" title="Olympas">Olympas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesiphorus" title="Onesiphorus">Onesiphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pudens" title="Saint Pudens">Pudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(biblical_figure)" title="Philemon (biblical figure)">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_(biblical_figure)" title="Philetus (biblical figure)">Philetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartus" title="Quartus">Quartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipater" title="Sosipater">Sosipater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertius_of_Iconium" title="Tertius of Iconium">Tertius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryphena_and_Tryphosa" title="Tryphena and Tryphosa">Tryphena and Tryphosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipas_of_Pergamum" title="Antipas of Pergamum">Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Apollyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192950#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192950#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192950#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000097223817">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/62343172">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/237149106073368491114">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143826130">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/310710558">4</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/719159233948203370287">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2309159248629904870000">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/55145910138227022073">7</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/311159474048127660430">8</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/95164191771518740003">9</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/423960/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjDJ6g7XDFVF8Q8dfp7xH3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118703781">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98113578">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12429396d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12429396d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an61542489">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5638343">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073656631">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90287194">Norway</a></span></li><li><span 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