Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

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this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" /><meta name="DCSext.AbsHTMLview" content="1" /><meta name="WT.cg_n" content="co-nephrolhypertens" /><meta name="WT.cg_s" content="Articles" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title" content="Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title_legacy" content="Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension" /><meta name="wkhealth_issue" content="5" /><meta name="wkhealth_article_publication_date" content="September 2015" /><meta name="wkhealth_volume" content="24" /><meta name="wkhealth_ovid_accession_number" content="00041552-201509000-00011" /><meta name="wkhealth_issn" content="1062-4821" /><meta name="wkhealth_title" content="Sodium-glucose cotransport" /><meta name="wkhealth_authors" content="Poulsen, Søren Brandt;Fenton, Robert A.;Rieg, Timo" /><meta name="wkhealth_doi" content="10.1097/MNH.0000000000000152" /><meta name="wkhealth_abstract_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/abstract/2015/09000/sodium_glucose_cotransport.11.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_fulltext_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/fulltext/2015/09000/sodium_glucose_cotransport.11.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_section" content="MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_sub_section" content="Edited by Alan S.L. Yu" /><meta name="wkhealth_eJpId" content="co-nephrolhypertens:2015:09000:00011" /><meta name="wkhealth_firstpage" content="463" /><meta name="wkhealth_date" content="September 2015" /><meta name="wkhealth_pdf_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=Other&an=00041552-201509000-00011" /><meta name="Description" content="Purpose of review Sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) are important mediators of glucose uptake" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="LWW" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Sodium-glucose cotransport : Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension" /><meta property="og:description" content="nd nearly 3%, respectively, of glucose reabsorption from the glomerular ultrafiltrate. Although the recent availability of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus has increased the number of clinical studies, this review has a focus on mechanisms contributing to the cellular regulation of SGLTs. Recent findings Studies have focused on the regulation of SGLT expression under different physiological/pathophysiological conditions, for example diet, age or diabetes mellitus. Several studies provide evidence of SGLT regulation via cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A, protein kinase C, glucagon-like peptide 2, insulin, leptin, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), with-no-K[Lys] kinases/STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (Wnk/SPAK) and regulatory solute carrier protein 1 (RS1) pathways. Summary SGLT inhibitors are important drugs for glycemic control in diabetes mellitus. Although the contribution of SGLT1 for absorption of glucose from the intestine as well as SGLT2/SGLT1 for renal glucose reabsorption has been comprehensively defined, this review provides an up-to-date outline for the mechanistic regulation of SGLT1/SGLT2...." /><meta property="og:image" content="https://images.journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/SocialThumb.00041552-201509000-00011.F1-11.jpeg" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="800" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="493" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/fulltext/2015/09000/sodium_glucose_cotransport.11.aspx" /><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /><meta name="WT.sv" content="ZUSE1PEJPWEB01" /><meta name="Title" content="Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension" /><style id="SPThemeHideForms" type="text/css">body {opacity:0 !important}</style>  <link 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style="color:Black;display:none;"> <div class="ej-error-message"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon error-red"> </p> </div> </span> <label for="Email input">Enter your Email address:</label> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$txtEmailAddress" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress" class="ej-box-modal-style-1-input" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue" value="Continue" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hypPrivacy" href="https://journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle"></span> </strong> </p> </div> <p 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var subscribeToEtocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); subscribeToEtocPopup.show(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add('no-scroll'); var modelPopupState = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState'); var emailTextBox = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress'); var thanksPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser'); var mainPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain'); var thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage'); var thankYouMessageAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle'); if (!displaySubscriptionType) { displaySubscriptionType = subscriptionType; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showthanksmessage') { thanksPanel.style.display = "block"; mainPanel.style.display = "none"; thankYouMessageAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for subscribing to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') { thanksPanel.style.display = "none"; mainPanel.style.display = "block"; thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if ($('.etoc-popup') != null) { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') emailTextBox.focus(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function () { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress').value = ""; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').style.display = "none"; var pageUrl = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl'); var subscribeeTocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); if (subscribeeTocPopup != null) { subscribeeTocPopup.hide(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.remove('no-scroll'); if (pageUrl.value !== '' && pageUrl.value !== window.location.pathname) window.location = pageUrl.value; } return false; }); </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_eTocTopContainer"> <div id="eTocTop" style="display: none;"> <a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension','co-nephrolhypertens','eTOC', 'eTOC');;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension','co-nephrolhypertens','eTOC', 'eTOC');"><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_alertLinkControlTop_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Subscribe to eTOC</span></a> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { //find recent searches link and move container var recentSearchesControl = $("a[id$='RecentSearches']"); if (recentSearchesControl.length) { recentSearchesControl.click(function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); if ($("#ResentSearchContainer").is(":hidden")) { $("#ResentSearchContainer").slideDown("slow"); recentSearchesControl.addClass('open'); } else { $("#ResentSearchContainer").hide(); recentSearchesControl.removeClass('open'); } }); } var eTocAccountLink = $("ul.js-user-action-toolbar__dropdown>li>a[id='SubscribeToEToc']"); if (eTocAccountLink.length) { eTocAccountLink.parent().html($("#eTocTop>a")); } }); </script> <a class="logo-secondary white" href="http://wolterskluwer.com/" target="_blank"> <h3 class="logo-secondary-text">Secondary Logo</h3> </a> <a href="#" class="sticky-search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> </div> <div class="header__layout-bottom wk-grid-page-container"> <a id="hypJournals" class="logo-main" href="https://journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/pages/default.aspx"> <h3 class="logo-main-text">Journal Logo </h3> </a> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button 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style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </div> <div id="main-nav-container-v2"> <nav id="main-nav" class="navbar navbar-default yamm wk-grid-page-container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button id="fatJuicy" type="button" class="navbar-hamburger-button navbar-toggle collapsed pull-left" 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data-config="{"eventName":"login","eventDetail":{},"isNull":false}"> <span>Login</span> </button> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_TopNavigationMenuConfiguration" style="display:none" class="js-top-navigation-menu-configuration" data-config="{"browsingHistory":{"isEnabled":true,"serviceUrl":"https://apim-hlrp-ejp-prod.azure-api.net/ee","pdfDownloadUrl":"/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=HistoryTab"}}"></div> <div id="zz1_TopNavigationMenu" class="navbar-collapse collapse js-top-navigation-menu noindex ms-core-listMenu-horizontalBox"> <ul id="zz2_RootAspMenu" class="root ms-core-listMenu-root static"> <li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Articles & Issues</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/Pages/currenttoc.aspx" accesskey="1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Current Issue</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/Pages/issuelist.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Previous Issues</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/toc/publishahead"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Published Ahead-of-Print</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static"><a class="static menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/Pages/videogallery.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Videos</span></span></a></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">For Authors</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://preflight.paperpal.com/partner/lww/curopnephrolhypertension/submit"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Submit a Manuscript</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/Pages/informationforauthors.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Information for Authors</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/editservices.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Language Editing Services</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://cdn-tp2.mozu.com/16833-m1/cms/files/Author-Document.pdf?_mzts=636519775710000000"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Author Permissions</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Journal Info</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/Pages/aboutthejournal.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">About the Journal</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/Pages/editorialboard.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Editorial Board</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/lippincott-audience-solutions/media-kits/current-opinion-in-nephrology-and-hypertension"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Advertising</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="http://www.wkopenhealth.com/"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Open Access</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/subscriptionservices.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Subscription Services</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/reprintsmedicine.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Reprints</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/co-nephrolhypertens/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/rightsandpermissions.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Rights and Permissions</span></span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier" type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$IsAutoCompleteEnabled" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_IsAutoCompleteEnabled" value="true" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$AutocompleteApiUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_AutocompleteApiUrl" value="https://platformservices.wolterskluwerhealth.com/autocomplete/CONHY/shingle/" /> </div> </div> <div class="advance-search" style=""> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_lnkAdvanceSearch" href="https://journals.lww.com/co-nephrolhypertens/pages/advancedsearch.aspx">Advanced Search</a> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$btnGlobalSearch" value="" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch" disabled="disabled" class="aspNetDisabled btnGlobalSearch" style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </nav> </div> </div> </header>     <div id="main-container-content" class="wk-grid-page-container"> <div id="DeltaWebPartAdderUpdatePanelContainer" class="ms-core-webpartadder"> <div id="WebPartAdderUpdatePanelContainer"> <div id="ctl00_WebPartAdderUpdatePanel"> <span id="ctl00_WebPartAdder"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div 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class="ms-webpart-zone ms-fullWidth"> <div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartctl00_ctl29_g_13a09ab3_fdc1_4436_ad09_13a45c4d35b3" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="13a09ab3-fdc1-4436-ad09-13a45c4d35b3" HasPers="false" id="WebPartctl00_ctl29_g_13a09ab3_fdc1_4436_ad09_13a45c4d35b3" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_13a09ab3_fdc1_4436_ad09_13a45c4d35b3">  <div class="ejp-article-breadcrumb"> <div class="ejp-article-breadcrumb__left"> <a title href="/co-nephrolhypertens/toc/2015/09000" class="ejp-article-nav__list-link-back">September 2015 - Volume 24 - Issue 5 </a> </div> <div class="ejp-article-breadcrumb__right"> <nav id="ctl00_ctl29_g_13a09ab3_fdc1_4436_ad09_13a45c4d35b3__ffb30fcc7e12d5f5_ArticleNavigator"> <ul class="ejp-article-nav__list"> <li 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'MNH', 'Sodium-glucose cotransport', '09012015', 'S\u00F8ren Poulsen, Robert Fenton, and Timo Rieg', '24', '5', 'Copyright \u00A9 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.', '00041552-201509000-00011', '', false, ''); } </script> <div id="ArticleContainer"> <article id="ej-abstract-view" xmlns:ssr="http://ssr-eus-go-csi.cloudapp.net/v1/assets" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><section class="ejp-r-article-subsection"><div class="ejp-r-article-subsection__text">MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT: Edited by Alan S.L. Yu</div></section><header class="ejp-article-header"><h1 class="ejp-article-title">Sodium-glucose cotransport</h1></header><section id="ejp-article-authors"><p id="P7">Poulsen, Søren Brandt<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">a,b</sup>; Fenton, Robert A.<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">a</sup>; Rieg, Timo<sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">b,c</sup></p><section><a href="#" id="ejp-article-authors-link"> Author Information <i class="wk-icon-arrow-down-r"></i></a></section></section><section id="ejp-article-authors-info" class="ejp-article-authors-info ejp-article-authors-info--hidden"><div class="ejp-article-authors-info-holder"> <p id="P_ID_d9505e49"><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">a</sup>InterPrET Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</p> <p id="P_ID_d9505e55"><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">b</sup>VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego</p> <p id="P_ID_d9505e61"><sup xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">c</sup>Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA</p> <p id="BT_ID_d9505e68">Correspondence to Dr Timo Rieg, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California San Diego & VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive (9151), San Diego, CA 92161, USA. Tel: +1 858 552 8585 x5944; fax: +1 858 642 1438; e-mail: <span><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#aedadcc7cbc9eedbcdddca80cbcadb" onclick="javascript:window.open('mailto:trieg@ucsd.edu');return false"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2c585e45494b6c594f5f4802494859">[email protected]</span></a></span></p> </div></section><section id="article-journal-info"><div class="ej-journal-info"><span class="ej-journal-name">Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension </span><span id="ej-journal-date-volume-issue-pg"><a href="/co-nephrolhypertens/toc/2015/09000">24(5):p 463-469, September 2015.</a></span><span> | </span><span class="ej-journal-doi">DOI: </span>10.1097/MNH.0000000000000152</div></section><section id="ejp-article-indicators" class="ejp-article-indicators"><ul class="ejp-article-indicators__list"> <li id="ej-article-indicators-buy" class="ejp-article-indicators__list-item" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_Buy()" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()"><a href="#ContentAccessOptions"><span class="ejp-indicator">Buy</span></a></li> </ul><button id="openArticleMetricsPopupButton" type="button" class="wk-button wk-button-ghost wk-button-icon-left ejp-article-metrics-btn" data-articleMetricsEndpoint="//services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ArticleMetricsService.svc" data-articleMetricsDetailsUrl="https://wolterskluwer.altmetric.com/details/" data-doi="10.1097/MNH.0000000000000152" data-suiteId="vrs_woltere_journalsglobalvrs" data-articlePublicationDate="2015-09-01" data-articlePublicationDateString="September 2015" data-receivedDate="" data-revisionReceivedDate="" data-acceptedDate="" data-crossrefRefLinkRoot="https://doi.org/" data-medlineRefLinkRoot="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/" data-pubMedId="26125647"><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-r"></i><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-white-r"></i> Metrics </button></section><section class="ejp-article-tabs" id="abstractWrap"><h2 class="ejp-article-tabs-heading">Abstract</h2> <div class="ejp-article-tabs__tabpanel" id="panel1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <div id="article-abstract-content1"> <div class="ejp-article-text-abstract"> <h3>Purpose of review </h3> <p>Sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) are important mediators of glucose uptake across apical cell membranes. SGLT1 mediates almost all sodium-dependent glucose uptake in the small intestine, while in the kidney SGLT2, and to a lesser extent SGLT1, account for more than 90% and nearly 3%, respectively, of glucose reabsorption from the glomerular ultrafiltrate. Although the recent availability of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus has increased the number of clinical studies, this review has a focus on mechanisms contributing to the cellular regulation of SGLTs.</p> <h3>Recent findings </h3> <p>Studies have focused on the regulation of SGLT expression under different physiological/pathophysiological conditions, for example diet, age or diabetes mellitus. Several studies provide evidence of SGLT regulation via cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A, protein kinase C, glucagon-like peptide 2, insulin, leptin, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), with-no-K[Lys] kinases/STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (Wnk/SPAK) and regulatory solute carrier protein 1 (RS1) pathways.</p> <h3>Summary </h3> <p>SGLT inhibitors are important drugs for glycemic control in diabetes mellitus. Although the contribution of SGLT1 for absorption of glucose from the intestine as well as SGLT2/SGLT1 for renal glucose reabsorption has been comprehensively defined, this review provides an up-to-date outline for the mechanistic regulation of SGLT1/SGLT2.</p> </div> </div> </div></section><section class="ej-article-copyright">Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 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class="wk-modal-slideshow__title"></div> </h3> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__description"></div> <h4>Source</h4> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__source-article mb4"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_53bc9e77_f852_4d7e_829f_d300c5f177eb_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_sourceArticleUrl" onclick="HideSlideShow();">Sodium-glucose cotransport</a> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_53bc9e77_f852_4d7e_829f_d300c5f177eb_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_citationdiv" class="wk-modal-slideshow__source-citation mb4"> Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension24(5):463-469, September 2015. </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer wk-modal-footer wk-modal-slideshow__footer pa2 flex flex-column flex-wrap"> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__zoom-controls flex justify-between items-center mb2"> <div id="zoom_buttons" class="wk-modal-slideshow__zoom-buttons flex justify-between"> <a href="#" onmousedown="$('#zoom_container').z('zoomIn')" onclick="return false" title="Zoom In" class="ph3"><i 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