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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Tambor de Mina</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Atrio_principal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Atrio_principal.jpg/220px-Atrio_principal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Atrio_principal.jpg/330px-Atrio_principal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Atrio_principal.jpg/440px-Atrio_principal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The interior of <a href="/wiki/Casa_das_Minas" title="Casa das Minas">Casa das Minas</a>, with a photo of the last complete initiation ceremony (boat of tobossis), in 1914. The floor is made of clay</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Syncretic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afro-American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-American religion">Afro-Brazilian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data">Mixture of West African religions such as <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dahomey_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahomey religion">Dahomey religion</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Brazil" title="Slavery in Brazil">Slave era</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Afro-American_religion" title="Category:Afro-American religion">a series</a> on<br /><a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">Vodun</a> related religions called</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="line-height:1.1em;font-size:232%;font-weight:heavy;">Voodoo</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voodoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Voodoo"><img alt="Voodoo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Voodoo.jpg/150px-Voodoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Voodoo.jpg/225px-Voodoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Voodoo.jpg/300px-Voodoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">West African Vodun</a></b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arar%C3%A1_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Arará religion">Arará religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> (<a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a>)</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Vod%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Vodú">Cuban Vodú</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Vud%C3%BA" title="Dominican Vudú">Dominican Vudú</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Louisiana Voodoo</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tambor de Mina</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Venezuelan Yuyu</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_Vodunu" title="Trinidadian Vodunu">Trinidadian Vodunu</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Deities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>Creators</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damballa" title="Damballa">Damballa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Buluku" title="Nana Buluku">Nana Buluku</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Loa" class="mw-redirect" title="Loa">Loas</a></b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjassou-Linguetor" title="Adjassou-Linguetor">Adjassou-Linguetor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adya_Houn%27t%C3%B2" title="Adya Houn'tò">Adya Houn'tò</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agassou" title="Agassou">Agassou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Agw%C3%A9" title="Agwé">Agwé</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaisa_Pye" title="Anaisa Pye">Anaisa Pye</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ayida-Weddo" title="Ayida-Weddo">Ayida-Weddo</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayizan" title="Ayizan">Ayizan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Azaka-Tonnerre" title="Azaka-Tonnerre">Azaka-Tonnerre</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacalou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacalou (page does not exist)">Bacalou</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Badessy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badessy (page does not exist)">Badessy</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Criminel" title="Baron Criminel">Baron Criminel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Samedi" title="Baron Samedi">Baron Samedi</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belie_Belcan" title="Belie Belcan">Belie Belcan</a></li><li>Boli Shah</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bossou_Ashadeh" title="Bossou Ashadeh">Bossou Ashadeh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boum%27ba_Maza" title="Boum'ba Maza">Boum'ba Maza</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugid_Y_Aiba" title="Bugid Y Aiba">Bugid Y Aiba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Debas" title="Captain Debas">Captain Debas</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clermeil" title="Clermeil">Clermeil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Petro" title="Dan Petro">Dan Petro</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Dan Wédo</li><li><a href="/wiki/Diable_Tonnere" title="Diable Tonnere">Diable Tonnere</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diejuste" title="Diejuste">Diejuste</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dinclinsin" title="Dinclinsin">Dinclinsin</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzulie" title="Erzulie">Erzulie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Filomez" title="Filomez">Filomez</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guede" class="mw-redirect" title="Guede">Guede</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9d%C3%A9-Double" class="mw-redirect" title="Guédé-Double">Guede-Double</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guede_L%27Orage" title="Guede L'Orage">Guede L'Orage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9d%C3%A9-Linto" title="Guédé-Linto">Guede-Linto</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guede_Nibo" title="Guede Nibo">Guede Nibo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Ma%C3%AEtre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Maître">Gran Maître</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Danger" title="Joseph Danger">Joseph Danger</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinee_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinee (mythology) (page does not exist)">Guinee</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Legba" title="Papa Legba">Legba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_Charlotte" title="Mademoiselle Charlotte">Mademoiselle Charlotte</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Mait' Carrefour (see: <a href="/wiki/Kalfu" title="Kalfu">Kalfu</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Maman_Brigitte" title="Maman Brigitte">Maman Brigitte</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marassa_Jumeaux" title="Marassa Jumeaux">Marassa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marassa_Jumeaux" title="Marassa Jumeaux">Marassa Jumeaux</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marinette_(loa)" title="Marinette (loa)">Marinette</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtresse_D%C3%A9lai" title="Maîtresse Délai">Maîtresse Délai</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtresse_Hounon%27gon" title="Maîtresse Hounon'gon">Maîtresse Hounon'gon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mombu" title="Mombu">Mombu</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mounanchou" class="mw-redirect" title="Mounanchou">Mounanchou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shango" title="Shango">Shango</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ogun" title="Ogun">Ogun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Legba" title="Papa Legba">Papa Legba</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pie_(loa)" title="Pie (loa)">Pie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Simbi" title="Simbi">Simbi</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sobo_(deity)" title="Sobo (deity)">Sobo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sousson-Pannan" title="Sousson-Pannan">Sousson-Pannan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ti_Jean_Petro" title="Ti Jean Petro">Ti Jean Petro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ti_Jean_Quinto" title="Ti Jean Quinto">Ti Jean Quinto</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti_Malice_and_Bouki" title="Ti Malice and Bouki">Ti Malice and Bouki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gris-gris_(talisman)" title="Gris-gris (talisman)">Gris-gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veve" title="Veve">Veve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangbeto" title="Zangbeto">Zangbeto</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Voodoo_sidebar" title="Template:Voodoo sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Voodoo_sidebar" title="Template talk:Voodoo sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Voodoo_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Voodoo sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color: #93C572;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Yoruba_religion" title="Category:Yoruba religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #93C572;;color: white;"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Yoruba religion</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isese_religion.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Global symbol of Ìṣẹ̀ṣe"><img alt="The Global symbol of Ìṣẹ̀ṣe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Isese_religion.png/250px-Isese_religion.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Isese_religion.png/375px-Isese_religion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Isese_religion.png/500px-Isese_religion.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yoruba_deities" title="List of Yoruba deities">Deities</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Ọlọrun / Olodumare</a> / <a href="/wiki/Olofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Olofi">Olofin</a> <br /></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">The Orisha</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Aganju" title="Aganju">Aganju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agemo_(deity)" title="Agemo (deity)">Agemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaka" title="Ajaka">Ajaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayao" title="Ayao">Ayao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babal%C3%BA-Ay%C3%A9" title="Babalú-Ayé">Babalú-Ayé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegua" title="Elegua">Elegua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinle" class="mw-redirect" title="Erinle">Erinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshu" title="Eshu">Eshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibeji" title="Ibeji">Ibeji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogun" title="Ogun">Ogun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokun" title="Olokun">Olokun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ori_(Yoruba)" title="Ori (Yoruba)">Ori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oko_(Orisha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oko (Orisha)">Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Oshumare">Oshumare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọba">Ọba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cbatala" title="Ọbatala">Ọbatala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cranyan" title="Ọranyan">Ọranyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Crunmila" title="Ọrunmila">Ọrunmila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Csanyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọsanyin">Ọsanyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%E1%B9%A3%E1%BB%8D%E1%BB%8Dsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọṣọọsi">Ọṣọọsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%E1%B9%A3un" class="mw-redirect" title="Ọṣun">Ọṣun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cya" title="Ọya">Ọya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shango" title="Shango">Shango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yem%E1%BB%8Dja" title="Yemọja">Yemọja</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Beliefs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%A3%E1%BA%B9" title="Aṣẹ">Aṣẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayagunna" title="Ayagunna">Ayagunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion#Creation" title="Yoruba religion">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egbere" title="Egbere">Egbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion#Irunmọlẹ" title="Yoruba religion">Irunmọlẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ori_(Yoruba)" title="Ori (Yoruba)">Ori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ori%E1%B9%A3a" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriṣa">Oriṣa</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Practices</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajere_Ifa" title="Ajere Ifa">Ajere Ifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalawo" title="Babalawo">Babalawo</a>/<a href="/wiki/Iyalawo" title="Iyalawo">Iyalawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowrie-shell_divination" title="Cowrie-shell divination">Cowrie-shell divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egungun" title="Egungun">Egungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epa_mask" title="Epa mask">Epa mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%BA%B9l%E1%BA%B9d%E1%BA%B9" title="Gẹlẹdẹ">Gẹlẹdẹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letra_del_a%C3%B1o" title="Letra del año">Letra del año</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_divination" title="Obi divination">Obi divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanyin_staff" title="Osanyin staff">Osanyin staff</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Variants</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Theological_Archministry" title="African Theological Archministry">African Theological Archministry</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Kélé">Kélé</a> (Saint Lucia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a> (Cuba)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tambor de Mina</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a> (Trinidad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a> (Brazil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba religion</a> (Nigeria)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Sacred sites</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ife" class="mw-redirect" title="Ife">Ile Ife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyo,_Oyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyo, Oyo">Oyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osun-Osogbo" title="Osun-Osogbo">Osun-Osogbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorubaland" title="Yorubaland">Yorubaland</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #93C572;"> Legendary figures</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oranyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oranyan">Oranyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moremi_Ajasoro" title="Moremi Ajasoro">Moremi Ajasoro</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orisa-If%C3%A1_sidebar" title="Template:Orisa-Ifá sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Orisa-If%C3%A1_sidebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Orisa-Ifá sidebar (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orisa-If%C3%A1_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orisa-Ifá sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tambor de Mina</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian religion">Afro-Brazilian religious tradition</a>, practiced mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> states of <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon rainforest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambor_de_Mina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Tambor</i> means <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, and refers to the importance of the rhythmic element to worship. <i>Mina</i> derives from the name <a href="/wiki/Elmina_Castle" title="Elmina Castle">São Jorge da Mina</a>, now also known as <a href="/wiki/Elmina_Castle" title="Elmina Castle">Elmina Castle</a>, and refers to a designation given to African slaves, although the name did not necessarily refer to slaves who had passed through the fortress/port of São Jorge da Mina itself, but rather to "different ethnicities over time and place".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, 'Mina-Popo' was often the designation for people from Little Popo, originally <a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a> speakers who had migrated from west of the Volta River, and "Mina-Nago" and "Mina-Congo" were other designations sometimes found in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambor_de_Mina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slavery in Maranhão was concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Itapecuru_River" title="Itapecuru River">Itapecuru Valley</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baixada_Maranhense_Environmental_Protection_Area" title="Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area">Baixada Maranhense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">São Luís</a>, which is the capital of the Brazilian state of Maranhão. Cotton and sugar cane plantations contributed heavily to the development of larger cities. Colonial houses were built with slave labor with their unique design influenced by the harmony, beauty, and choreography of songs originating from ancient Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beliefs">Beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambor_de_Mina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tambor of Mina worships <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodums</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">orixás</a>, and entities (also called Encantados, spirits of people) who are called <i>gentis</i> (if they are European kings, princes and nobles, like <a href="/wiki/Sebastianism" title="Sebastianism">King Sebastian of Portugal</a>, King Manoel, King Luís) or <i>caboclos</i> (if they are of native origin, or Turcos of <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">moorish kings</a> origin, or indigenous people, like Pai Turquia, João da Mata Rei da Bandeira, Vó Surrupira, Sultão das Matas, and many others).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">Voduns</i></span>, gods of the <i>fon</i> or <i>jeje</i> people, are forces of nature and deified human ancestors. Some young <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span> called <i>toquém</i> or <i>toquenos</i> fulfill the function of guides, messengers, helpers of the other <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span>. Tobóssis are infantile feminine deities, considered daughters of <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span> are grouped in 5 families: <i>Davice</i> (or the <a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">dahomean</a> royal family, like Tói Zomadônu, Tói Dadarrô, Nochê Sepazin); <i>Quevioçô</i> (or Nagô <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span>, such as Tói Badé Nenem Quevioçô, Nochê Sobô Babadi, <a href="/wiki/Nana_Buluku" title="Nana Buluku">Nanã</a>, Tói Lôco, Tói Averequete); <a href="/wiki/Damballa" title="Damballa"><i>Dambirá</i></a> (who cures the plague and other diseases, like Tói Acóssi Sapatá Odan and Tói Azile); <i>Aladanu</i>; <i>Savaluno</i> (like Azacá). Each family occupies a specific part of the house and has its own songs, behaviors, and activities. There are about 45 <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span> and 15 <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">tobossis</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Casa_das_Minas" title="Casa das Minas">Casa das Minas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title of <i>Tói</i> means that <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodum</i></span> is a male and the title of <i>Nochê</i> means that <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodum</i></span> is a female. <i>Avievodum</i> is the Supreme God, and <i>Legba</i> is not considered a messenger, being identified as an evil spirit by the Casa das Minas, although he plays an important role in other temples.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tambor de Mina is a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Dahomey Religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a> (jeje), <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> (nagô), <a href="/wiki/Fante_people" title="Fante people">Fante</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ashanti_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashanti people">Ashanti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ketu_(Benin)" title="Ketu (Benin)">Ketu</a>, Agrono or <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Cambinda</a> (Angola-Congo), Indigenous American and European traditions (Roman Catholicism).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is said that the <i>encantados</i> are entities of people who did not die, but disappeared mysteriously, becoming invisible or turning into animals or plants, living in a magical kingdom called Encantaria. The <i>encantados</i> are present in diverse <a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon</a> beliefs (like the legend of <a href="/wiki/Boto" title="Boto">Boto</a>) and they are also organized in families in the Tambor de Mina: <i>Lençol</i> (that lives in the island of Lençóis, in <a href="/wiki/Cururupu" title="Cururupu">Cururupu</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a>, like the King Sebastian and Tóia Jarina); <i>Codó</i> (its leader is Légua-Boji); <i>Turquia</i> (like Cabocla Mariana, Herondina); <i>Bandeira</i> (its leader is João da Mata Rei da Bandeira); Gama; Bahia; Surrupira, and others. They are also invoked in religious ceremonies and the priest or priestess goes into trance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sal%C3%A3o_interno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sal%C3%A3o_interno.jpg/220px-Sal%C3%A3o_interno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sal%C3%A3o_interno.jpg/330px-Sal%C3%A3o_interno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sal%C3%A3o_interno.jpg/440px-Sal%C3%A3o_interno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The interior of Casa das Minas, a temple of Tambor de Mina</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the cultural richness and syncretism present in the cult, these elements coexist in a harmonious way, being almost impossible to separate popular Catholicism, local folklore and the Encantaria, the Cure or Pajelança from the Tambor de Mina (in festive rites called Brinquedo de Cura; or Tambor de Curador, in the city of <a href="/wiki/Cururupu" title="Cururupu">Cururupu</a>). It is said that the pantheon of <i>encantados</i> shared by the two religions "navigate in the two waters", being the Tambor de Mina classified as "sea water line" and the Cura/Pajelança as "fresh water line".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the temples of Tambor de Mina, it is common to hold feasts and parties of the popular culture of Maranhão that are sometimes requested by spiritual entities that like them, such as the Feast of the Divine Holy Spirit, <a href="/wiki/Bumba_Meu_Boi" title="Bumba Meu Boi">Bumba-meu-boi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Crioula" title="Tambor de Crioula">Tambor de Crioula</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terecô is the denomination of one of the Afro-Brazilian religions of the city of <a href="/wiki/Cod%C3%B3" title="Codó">Codó</a> (called capital of macumba or capital of magic, by the great number of <i>terreiros</i>, the temples of Afro-Brazilian religions) in Maranhão and <a href="/wiki/Teresina" title="Teresina">Teresina</a> in Piauí, derived from Tambor de Mina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temples_and_priesthood">Temples and priesthood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambor_de_Mina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Temples and priesthood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_externa_da_fachada_da_casa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Vista_externa_da_fachada_da_casa.jpg/220px-Vista_externa_da_fachada_da_casa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Vista_externa_da_fachada_da_casa.jpg/330px-Vista_externa_da_fachada_da_casa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Vista_externa_da_fachada_da_casa.jpg/440px-Vista_externa_da_fachada_da_casa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Casa das Minas, in São Luís.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two main models of Tambor de Mina in Maranhão: Jeje and Nagô. The former seems to be the oldest and settled around the Casa Grande das Minas Jeje, better known as Casa das Minas (Querebentã de Tói Zomadônu or House of Minas), the oldest temple (terreiro), which must have been founded in São Luís in the 1840s. The other, which is almost contemporary and which continues to this day, has settled around the Casa de Nagô (House of Nagô). <i>Casa das Minas</i> and <i>Casa de Nagô</i> are located in the same neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Casa das Minas (Querebentã of Tói Zomadônu) is unique; it does not have houses that are affiliated to it. It was founded by an African woman named Maria Jesuina, who came to Brazil as a slave and, according to <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Verger" title="Pierre Verger">Pierre Verger</a>, was the Queen Nã Agontimé, wife of <a href="/wiki/Agonglo" title="Agonglo">King Agonglô of Dahomey</a> and mother of <a href="/wiki/Ghezo" title="Ghezo">King Guezô</a>. The most famous priestess (<span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vondunsi</i></span>) of the temple was <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A3e_Andresa" title="Mãe Andresa">Mother Andresa Maria</a>, considered the last princess of Fon direct lineage that headed the Casa das Minas. She was born in 1854 and died in 1954, at the age of 100.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this house, the songs are in language jeje (Ewe-Fon) and deities called <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span> are worshipped, but although it does not have affiliated houses, the cult model of the Tambor de Mina is greatly influenced by the Casa das Minas. In the Casa das Minas, only women can command religious ceremonies. They are called <i>vodunsis</i>, the priestess of Tambor de Mina. The men had a special function of drum players (<i>abatás</i> players; hence, the definition of "abatazeiros").<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodunsi</i></span>, Dona Deni, died in 2015, having been no full priesthood initiation rituals (<span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodúnsi-gonjaí</i></span>) since 1914 (for reasons not clarified), without other <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodunsis</i></span> to the trance by the invocation of <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span>. </p><p>Casa das Minas is currently managed by Euzébio Pinto, the grandson of vondusi Dona Amélia. There are still many festivals of popular culture in the temple, such as the Feast of the Divine Holy Spirit, Tambor de Crioula, <a href="/wiki/Bumba_Meu_Boi#Bumba_meu_boi_in_Maranhão" title="Bumba Meu Boi">Bumba-meu-boi</a> and others (that traditionally were requested by the <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span> who liked them), with the Casa das Minas continuing with much cultural relevance.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Casa de Nagô (Nagon Abioton) was founded by Josefa (Zefa de Nagô) and Maria Joana Travassos, who were African women of <i>yourubá</i> tradition, and helped by the founder of Casa das Minas. They worship <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">voduns</i></span>, orixás (Yoruba deities), gentis, and caboclos. The House of Nagô influenced the formation of the other terreiros (temples) of São Luís. </p><p>Various objects of the Afro-Maranhense culture, especially the Tambor de Mina, as accessories of clothing and support, used in the rituals of Casa das Minas, Casa de Nagô, and other terreiros of Maranhão can be found in Cafuá das Mercês (Black Museum), in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">Sao Luís</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are hundreds of temples of Tambor de Mina, headed by women called <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodunsis</i></span> and men called <span title="Fon-language romanization"><i lang="fon-Latn">vodunos</i></span>, in Maranhão (like Casa Fanti Ashanti), or with origin from Maranhão, in Piauí, Pará (Terreiro de Tambor de Mina Dois Irmãos), Amazonas, in the southeastern region, like the Casa das Minas Toya Jarina, in the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">state of São Paulo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambor_de_Mina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espiritualidades.com.br/Artigos/P_autores/PRANDI_Reginaldo_tit_Nas_pegadas_do_Voduns_um_terreiro_de_tambor-de-mina.htm">"Reginaldo Prandi >Nas pegadas do Voduns: um terreiro de tambor-de-mina em São Paulo > Artigos, teses e publicações ... Espiritualidade e Sociedade ..."</a> <i>www.espiritualidades.com.br</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.espiritualidades.com.br&rft.atitle=Reginaldo+Prandi+%3ENas+pegadas+do+Voduns%3A+um+terreiro+de+tambor-de-mina+em+S%C3%A3o+Paulo+%3E+Artigos%2C+teses+e+publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es+...+Espiritualidade+e+Sociedade+...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espiritualidades.com.br%2FArtigos%2FP_autores%2FPRANDI_Reginaldo_tit_Nas_pegadas_do_Voduns_um_terreiro_de_tambor-de-mina.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATambor+de+Mina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Midlo_Hall" title="Gwendolyn Midlo Hall">Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo</a> (2009-11-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uFodWson5NAC&q=mina-nago&pg=PA47"><i>Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links</i></a>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807876862" title="Special:BookSources/9780807876862"><bdi>9780807876862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+and+African+Ethnicities+in+the+Americas%3A+Restoring+the+Links&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft.isbn=9780807876862&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn+Midlo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuFodWson5NAC%26q%3Dmina-nago%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATambor+de+Mina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espiritualidades.com.br/Artigos/P_autores/PRANDI_Reginaldo_tit_Nas_pegadas_do_Voduns_um_terreiro_de_tambor-de-mina.htm">"Reginaldo Prandi > Nas pegadas do Voduns : um terreiro de tambor-de-mina em São Paulo > Artigos, teses e publicações ... 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.espiritualidades.com.br&rft.atitle=Reginaldo+Prandi+%3E+Nas+pegadas+do+Voduns+%3A+um+terreiro+de+tambor-de-mina+em+S%C3%A3o+Paulo+%3E+Artigos%2C+teses+e+publica%C3%A7%C3%B5es+...+Espiritualidade+e+Sociedade+...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espiritualidades.com.br%2FArtigos%2FP_autores%2FPRANDI_Reginaldo_tit_Nas_pegadas_do_Voduns_um_terreiro_de_tambor-de-mina.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATambor+de+Mina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbrasil.ebc.com.br/retratosdefe/episodio/tambor-de-mina-da-africa-para-o-brasil"><i>Tambor de Mina – da África para o Brasil | Retratos de Fé | TV Brasil | Notícias</i></a> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tambor+de+Mina+%E2%80%93+da+%C3%81frica+para+o+Brasil+%7C+Retratos+de+F%C3%A9+%7C+TV+Brasil+%7C+Not%C3%ADcias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvbrasil.ebc.com.br%2Fretratosdefe%2Fepisodio%2Ftambor-de-mina-da-africa-para-o-brasil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATambor+de+Mina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerretti2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ferretti, Mundicarmo (2014-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0020-38742014000200057&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt">"Brinquedo de Cura in Terreiro de Mina"</a>. <i>Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros</i> (59): 57–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11606%2Fissn.2316-901X.v0i59p57-78">10.11606/issn.2316-901X.v0i59p57-78</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-3874">0020-3874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+do+Instituto+de+Estudos+Brasileiros&rft.atitle=Brinquedo+de+Cura+in+Terreiro+de+Mina&rft.issue=59&rft.pages=57-78&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11606%2Fissn.2316-901X.v0i59p57-78&rft.issn=0020-3874&rft.aulast=Ferretti&rft.aufirst=Mundicarmo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_abstract%26pid%3DS0020-38742014000200057%26lng%3Den%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Dpt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATambor+de+Mina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpmina.ufma.br/site/index.php/o-tambor-de-mina-do-maranhao-e-a-casa-das-minas/">"O Tambor de Mina do Maranhão e a Casa das Minas – GPMINA"</a>. <i>www.gpmina.ufma.br</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gpmina.ufma.br&rft.atitle=O+Tambor+de+Mina+do+Maranh%C3%A3o+e+a+Casa+das+Minas+%E2%80%93+GPMINA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpmina.ufma.br%2Fsite%2Findex.php%2Fo-tambor-de-mina-do-maranhao-e-a-casa-das-minas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATambor+de+Mina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #BFEAF9;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Afro-American_Religions" title="Template:Afro-American Religions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Afro-American_Religions" title="Template talk:Afro-American Religions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Afro-American_Religions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Afro-American Religions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_diaspora_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">African diaspora religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BFEAF9;;width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaku%C3%A1" title="Abakuá">Abakuá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arar%C3%A1_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arará (religion)">Arará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism_in_the_African_diaspora" title="Atheism in the African diaspora">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Catholicism" title="Black Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Vud%C3%BA" title="Dominican Vudú">Dominican Vudú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou_in_Cuba" title="Haitian Vodou in Cuba">in Cuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_African_diaspora" title="Islam in the African diaspora">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Louisiana Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Lionza" title="María Lionza">María Lionza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Baptist" title="Spiritual Baptist">Spiritual Baptist</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_Vodunu" title="Trinidadian Vodunu">Trinidadian Vodunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiwara_male_drawing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Chiwara_male_drawing.png/30px-Chiwara_male_drawing.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Chiwara_male_drawing.png/45px-Chiwara_male_drawing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Chiwara_male_drawing.png/60px-Chiwara_male_drawing.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="676" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BFEAF9;;width:1%">Practices and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice#Traditional_African_and_Afro-American_religions" title="Animal sacrifice">Animal sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetish_priest" title="Fetish priest">Fetish priest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokor" title="Bokor">Bokor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houngan" class="mw-redirect" title="Houngan">Houngan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(Vodou)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mambo (Vodou)">Mambo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_foot_powder" title="Hot foot powder">Hot foot powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">Jazz funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromanti_dance" title="Kromanti dance">Kromanti dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macumba" title="Macumba">Macumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michari" title="Michari">Michari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(African-American_culture)" title="Mojo (African-American culture)">Mojo bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myal" title="Myal">Myal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_nights" title="Nine nights">Nine nights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituals" title="Spirituals">Spirituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veve" title="Veve">Veve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_doll" title="Voodoo doll">Voodoo doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BFEAF9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">Diverse roots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Alusi">Alusi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Igbo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the Americas">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occultism" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultism">Western occultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_witchcraft" title="European witchcraft">European witchcraft folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nkisi" title="Nkisi">Nkisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_spirituality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu spirituality">Bantu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loa" class="mw-redirect" title="Loa">Loa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">Orisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemi" title="Zemi">Zemi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American religions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tambor_de_Mina&oldid=1249552078">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tambor_de_Mina&oldid=1249552078</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Afro-Brazilian_religion" title="Category:Afro-Brazilian religion">Afro-Brazilian religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_syncretism_in_Brazil" title="Category:Religious syncretism in Brazil">Religious syncretism in Brazil</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" 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