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class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="丕賱賯丕卅賲丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱賯丕卅賲丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賯丕卅賲丞丕賱乇卅賷爻賷丞</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-encyclopedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-encyclopedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 丕賱賲賵爻賵毓丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>兀丨丿孬丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-wrecentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9"><span>兀丨丿孬丕賱鬲睾賷賷乇丕鬲丕賱兀爻丕爻賷丞</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 鬲氐賮丨 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-subjects" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>丕賱賲賵丕囟賷毓</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9"><span>兀亘噩丿賷</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD"><span>亘賵丕亘丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="丨賲賱氐賮丨丞毓卮賵丕卅賷丞 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>賲賯丕賱丞毓卮賵丕卅賷丞</span></a></li><li id="n-Kiwix" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3"><span>鬲氐賮丨賲賳睾賷乇廿賳鬲乇賳鬲</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-contributing" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-contributing" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 賲卮丕乇賰丞 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7"><span>鬲賵丕氐賱賲毓賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="丨賷孬鬲噩丿丕賱賲爻丕毓丿丞"><span>賲爻丕毓丿丞</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86"><span>丕賱賲賷丿丕賳</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ar.svg" style="width: 7em; 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href=\"/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_2023\" title=\"鬲氐賳賷賮:賲匕丕亘丨禺賱丕賱丕賱丨乇亘丕賱賮賱爻胤賷賳賷丞丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賯鬲賱丕賱賲丿賳賷賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E \n\u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\" title=\"賲噩夭乇丞賲爻鬲卮賮賶丕賱賲毓賲丿丕賳賷\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱丕爻鬲賴丿丕賮丕賱賲爻鬲卮賮賷丕鬲賵丕賱賲丿丕乇爻\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E .... \u003Cb\u003E賱丕 \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89#丕賱丿毓丕賷丞_丕賱廿爻乇丕卅賷賱賷丞\" title=\"毓賲賱賷丞胤賵賮丕賳丕賱兀賯氐賶\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:red\"\u003E賱賱鬲囟賱賷賱賵丕賱賰賷賱亘賲賰賷丕賱賷賳\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"賵賯賮廿胤賱丕賯丕賱賳丕乇賮賷睾夭丞 2023\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color:white\"\u003E兀賵賯賮賵丕丕賱丨乇亘\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/a\u003E .... 賵丕賳卮乇賵丕丕賱爻賱丕賲丕賱毓丕丿賱賵丕賱卮丕賲賱\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="丕賱賲賵賯毓"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">丕賱賲賯丿賲丞</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-賵賱丕丿鬲賴_賵鬲丨氐賷賱賴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賵賱丕丿鬲賴_賵鬲丨氐賷賱賴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>賵賱丕丿鬲賴賵鬲丨氐賷賱賴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賵賱丕丿鬲賴_賵鬲丨氐賷賱賴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卮賷賵禺賴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卮賷賵禺賴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>卮賷賵禺賴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卮賷賵禺賴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-賵馗丕卅賮賴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賵馗丕卅賮賴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>賵馗丕卅賮賴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賵馗丕卅賮賴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-賵賮丕鬲賴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#賵賮丕鬲賴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>賵賮丕鬲賴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-賵賮丕鬲賴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-丕賱賲乇丕噩毓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="鬲亘丿賷賱毓乇囟噩丿賵賱丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">鬲亘丿賷賱毓乇囟噩丿賵賱丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞鬲鬲賵丕噩丿賮賯胤賮賷賴匕賴丕賱賱睾丞. 兀囟賮賴丕廿賱賶丕賱賱睾丕鬲丕賱兀禺乇賶." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀囟賮賱睾丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12240269#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="廿囟丕賮丞賵氐賱丕鬲亘賷賳丕賱賱睾丕鬲" class="wbc-editpage">兀囟賮賵氐賱丕鬲</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="賳胤丕賯丕鬲"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="丕毓乇囟氐賮丨丞丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>賲賯丕賱丞</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4:%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" rel="discussion" title="賳賯丕卮氐賮丨丞丕賱賲丨鬲賵賶 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="睾賷賾乇賱賴噩丞丕賱賱睾丞" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">丕賱毓乇亘賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="賲毓丕賷賳丞"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"><span>丕賯乇兀</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit" title="毓丿賱丕賱賰賵丿丕賱賲氐丿乇賷賱賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>毓丿賾賱</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=history" title="丕賱賳爻禺丕賱爻丕亘賯丞賱賴匕賴丕賱氐賮丨丞 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>鬲丕乇賷禺</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲丕賱氐賮丨丞"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">兀丿賵丕鬲</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">丕賳賯賱賱賱卮乇賷胤丕賱噩丕賳亘賷</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">兀禺賮</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿賲賳丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 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.entete.water-polo{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Water_polo_pictogram.svg/40px-Water_polo_pictogram.svg.png")no-repeat top right}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67892660">@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sm_th{background-color:#27292d!important;color:#fff}}</style> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellspacing="3px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-spacing:0px;"> <tbody><tr class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#004000;"> <td style="width:10%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/40px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/60px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/80px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:80%; color:#FFFFFF;">賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷 </td> <td style="width:10%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#326632;color:#FFFFFF"> 賲毓賱賵賲丕鬲卮禺氐賷丞 </th> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">鬲丕乇賷禺丕賱賲賷賱丕丿</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">爻賳丞 <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12240269#P569" title="鬲毓丿賷賱賯賷賲丞禺丕氐賷丞 (P569) 賮賷賵賷賰賷亘賷丕賳丕鬲"><img alt="鬲毓丿賷賱賯賷賲丞禺丕氐賷丞 (P569) 賮賷賵賷賰賷亘賷丕賳丕鬲" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color:#F3F3F3;" scope="row">鬲丕乇賷禺丕賱賵賮丕丞</th> <td class="sm_td" style="">2006</td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #004000 dotted; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">鬲毓丿賷賱賲氐丿乇賷</span></a> - <a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&veaction=edit"><span style="color:var(--color-base--hover, #555);">鬲毓丿賷賱</span></a> </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="胤丕賱毓鬲賵孬賷賯丕賱賯丕賱亘"><img alt="胤丕賱毓鬲賵孬賷賯丕賱賯丕賱亘" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇丕賱夭賻賾賴賿乇丕賳賷</b> (1370- 1427 賴賭/ 1951- 2006 賲)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 毓丕賱賲丿賷賳爻毓賵丿賷貙賵兀爻鬲丕匕丕賱丨丿賷孬 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="丕賱噩丕賲毓丞丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞亘丕賱賲丿賷賳丞丕賱賲賳賵乇丞">亘丕賱噩丕賲毓丞丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="丕賱賲丿賷賳丞丕賱賲賳賵乇丞">亘丕賱賲丿賷賳丞丕賱賲賳賵乇丞</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%89" title="噩丕賲毓丞兀賲丕賱賯乇賶">賵噩丕賲毓丞兀賲丕賱賯乇賶</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賵賱丕丿鬲賴_賵鬲丨氐賷賱賴"><span id=".D9.88.D9.84.D8.A7.D8.AF.D8.AA.D9.87_.D9.88.D8.AA.D8.AD.D8.B5.D9.8A.D9.84.D9.87"></span>賵賱丕丿鬲賴賵鬲丨氐賷賱賴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 賵賱丕丿鬲賴賵鬲丨氐賷賱賴"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>賵購賱丿兀亘賵賷丕爻乇貙賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇亘賳毓孬賲丕賳丌賱賲胤乇丕賱夭賻賾賴賿乇丕賳賷賮賷 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A9" title="賲丨丕賮馗丞賯賱賵丞">賲丨丕賮馗丞賯賱賵丞</a> 丕賱鬲丕亘毓丞 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="賲賳胤賯丞丕賱亘丕丨丞">賱賲賳胤賯丞丕賱亘丕丨丞</a>貙毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1370_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1370 賴賭">1370 賴賭</a>/ <a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>亘丿兀丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷丿乇丕爻鬲賴丕賱賳馗丕賲賷丞亘賲丿乇爻丞賯賱賵丞丕賱丕亘鬲丿丕卅賷丞爻賳丞 <a href="/wiki/1381_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1381 賴賭">1381 賴賭</a>貙孬賲丕賱鬲丨賯賻亘丕賱賲乇丨賱丞丕賱賲鬲賵爻胤丞賮丿乇爻丕賱爻賳鬲丕賳丕賱兀賵賱賷丕賳亘賲毓賴丿丕賱胤丕卅賮丕賱毓賱賲賷貙賵丕賱爻賳丞丕賱孬丕賱孬丞亘賲毓賴丿賲賰丞丕賱毓賱賲賷. 孬賲丕賳鬲賯賱賱賱賲乇丨賱丞丕賱孬丕賳賵賷丞賮丿乇爻丕賱爻賳丞丕賱兀賵賱賶賮賷賴丕亘賲毓賴丿賲賰丞丕賱毓賱賲賷貙賵兀賰賲賱丕賱爻賳鬲賷賳丕賱孬丕賳賷丞賵丕賱孬丕賱孬丞亘賲毓賴丿丕賱乇賷丕囟丕賱毓賱賲賷. </p><p>孬賲丕賱鬲丨賯亘賰賱賷丞丕賱卮乇賷毓丞 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)" class="mw-disambig" title="丕賱噩丕賲毓丞丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 (鬲賵囟賷丨)">亘丕賱噩丕賲毓丞丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="丕賱賲丿賷賳丞丕賱賲賳賵乇丞">亘丕賱賲丿賷賳丞丕賱賳亘賵賷丞</a> 毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1397_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1397 賴賭">1397 賴賭</a>貙賵丨氐賱賲賳賴丕毓賱賶卮賴丕丿丞亘賰丕賱賵乇賷賵爻貙孬賲兀賰賲賱丿乇丕爻丞丕賱賲丕噩爻鬲賷乇賵丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇丕賴亘賯爻賲丕賱爻賳賻賾丞賮賷丕賱丿乇丕爻丕鬲丕賱毓賱賷丕賮賷丕賱噩丕賲毓丞丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞亘丕賱賲丿賷賳丞丕賱賳亘賵賷丞貙賵賰丕賳鬲乇爻丕賱丞丕賱賲丕噩爻鬲賷乇亘鬲丨賯賷賯賰鬲丕亘 "丕賱爻丕亘賯賵丕賱賱丕丨賯" 賱<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="丕賱禺胤賷亘丕賱亘睾丿丕丿賷">賱禺胤賷亘丕賱亘睾丿丕丿賷</a> 爻賳丞 <a href="/wiki/1401_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1401 賴賭">1401 賴賭</a>貙賵丕賱丿賰鬲賵乇丕賴亘鬲丨賯賷賯賰鬲丕亘 "丕賱賮氐賱賱賱賵賻氐賿賱丕賱賲購丿乇賻噩賮賷丕賱賳賯賱" 賱<a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="丕賱禺胤賷亘丕賱亘睾丿丕丿賷">賱禺胤賷亘丕賱亘睾丿丕丿賷</a> 兀賷囟賸丕爻賳丞 <a href="/wiki/1406_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1406 賴賭">1406 賴賭</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="卮賷賵禺賴"><span id=".D8.B4.D9.8A.D9.88.D8.AE.D9.87"></span>卮賷賵禺賴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 卮賷賵禺賴"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="毓亘丿丕賱賱賴丕賱睾賳賷賲丕賳">毓亘丿丕賱賱賴亘賳賲丨賲丿丕賱睾賳賷賲丕賳</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="賲丨賲丿丕賱賲禺鬲丕乇丕賱卮賳賯賷胤賷">賲丨賲丿賲禺鬲丕乇丕賱卮賳賯賷胤賷</a>.</li> <li>毓亘丿丕賱賱胤賷賮亘賳廿亘乇丕賴賷賲丌賱毓亘丿丕賱賱胤賷賮.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="毓亘丿丕賱賲丨爻賳丕賱毓亘丕丿">毓亘丿丕賱賲丨爻賳丕賱毓亘丕丿</a>.</li> <li>賲丨賲丿丕賱賵丕卅賱賷.</li> <li>丨爻賳毓亘丿丕賱睾賮丕乇丕賱亘丕賰爻鬲丕賳賷.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="賲丨賲丿亘賳兀賲丕賳丕賱噩丕賲賷">賲丨賲丿亘賳兀賲丕賳丕賱噩丕賲賷</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF" title="毓亘丿丕賱賯丕丿乇卮賷亘丞丕賱丨賲丿">毓亘丿丕賱賯丕丿乇卮賷亘丞丕賱丨賲丿</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="丨賲丕丿丕賱兀賳氐丕乇賷">丨賲賻賾丕丿亘賳賲丨賲丿丕賱兀賳氐丕乇賷</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="兀賰乇賲囟賷丕亍丕賱毓賲乇賷">兀賰乇賲囟賷丕亍丕賱毓購賲賻乇賷</a>.</li> <li>賲丨賲丿爻賷丿丕賱丨賰賷賲.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賵馗丕卅賮賴"><span id=".D9.88.D8.B8.D8.A7.D8.A6.D9.81.D9.87"></span>賵馗丕卅賮賴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 賵馗丕卅賮賴"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>毓購賷賽賾賳丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷賲毓賷丿賸丕賮賷賰賱賷丞丕賱丨丿賷孬賮賷 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)" class="mw-disambig" title="丕賱噩丕賲毓丞丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞 (鬲賵囟賷丨)">丕賱噩丕賲毓丞丕賱廿爻賱丕賲賷丞</a> 爻賳丞 <a href="/wiki/1397_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1397 賴賭">1397 賴賭</a>貙孬賲賲丨丕囟乇賸丕亘賰賱賷丞丕賱丨丿賷孬賯爻賲毓賱賵賲丕賱丨丿賷孬爻賳丞 <a href="/wiki/1402_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1402 賴賭">1402 賴賭</a>貙孬賲氐丕乇兀爻鬲丕匕賸丕賲爻丕毓丿賸丕毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1407_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1407 賴賭">1407 賴賭</a>貙賮兀爻鬲丕匕賸丕賲卮丕乇賰賸丕爻賳丞 <a href="/wiki/1412_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1412 賴賭">1412 賴賭</a>貙孬賲兀爻鬲丕匕賸丕賮賷賯爻賲毓賱賵賲丕賱丨丿賷孬毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1419_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1419 賴賭">1419 賴賭</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴"><span id=".D9.85.D8.A4.D9.84.D9.81.D8.A7.D8.AA.D9.87"></span>賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 賲丐賱賮丕鬲賴"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>丕賱爻丕亘賯賵丕賱賱丕丨賯貙 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="丕賱禺胤賷亘丕賱亘睾丿丕丿賷">賱賱禺胤賷亘丕賱亘睾丿丕丿賷</a>貙鬲丨賯賷賯賵丿乇丕爻丞.</li> <li>丕賱賮氐賱賱賱賵氐賱丕賱賲購丿乇賻噩賮賷丕賱賳賯賱貙賱賱禺胤賷亘丕賱亘睾丿丕丿賷貙丿乇丕爻丞賵鬲丨賯賷賯.</li> <li>鬲丿賵賷賳 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="丕賱丨丿賷孬丕賱賳亘賵賷">丕賱爻賳賻賾丞丕賱賳亘賵賷丞</a> 賳卮兀鬲賴賵鬲胤賵購賾乇賴賲賳 <a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_1_%D9%87%D9%80" title="賯乇賳 1 賴賭">丕賱賯乇賳丕賱兀賵賱</a> 廿賱賶賳賴丕賷丞 <a href="/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_9_%D9%87%D9%80" title="賯乇賳 9 賴賭">丕賱賯乇賳丕賱鬲丕爻毓丕賱賴噩乇賷</a>.</li> <li>氐賮賻丨丕鬲賲卮乇賯丞賲賳丨賷丕丞丕賱爻賱賮: <a href="/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="爻賮賷丕賳丕賱孬賵乇賷">爻賮賷丕賳丕賱孬賵乇賷</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84" title="毓賱賲丕賱乇噩丕賱">毓賱賲丕賱乇賽賾噩丕賱</a> 賳卮兀鬲賴賵鬲胤賵購賾乇賴賲賳丕賱賯乇賳丕賱兀賵賱廿賱賶賳賴丕賷丞丕賱賯乇賳丕賱鬲丕爻毓.</li> <li>賲丕賱賴丨購賰賲丕賱乇賮毓賲賳兀賯賵丕賱 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="丕賱氐丨丕亘丞">丕賱氐丨丕亘丞</a> 賵兀賮毓丕賱賴賲.</li> <li>賲賳兀毓賱丕賲兀賴賱丕賱爻賳賻賾丞賵丕賱噩賲丕毓丞: <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83" title="毓亘丿丕賱賱賴亘賳丕賱賲亘丕乇賰">毓亘丿丕賱賱賴亘賳丕賱賲亘丕乇賰</a>.</li> <li>賲賳賴丿賷丕賱爻賱賮賮賷胤賱亘丕賱毓賱賲.</li> <li>賲賵賯賮兀氐丨丕亘丕賱兀賴賵丕亍賵丕賱賮賽乇賻賯賲賳丕賱爻賳賻賾丞丕賱賳亘賵賷丞賵乇購賵丕鬲賴丕貨噩匕賵乇賴賲賵賵爻丕卅賱賴賲賵兀賴丿丕賮賴賲賯丿賷賲賸丕賵丨丿賷孬賸丕.<sup id="cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="賵賮丕鬲賴"><span id=".D9.88.D9.81.D8.A7.D8.AA.D9.87"></span>賵賮丕鬲賴</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=5" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 賵賮丕鬲賴"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鬲賵賮賷賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A9" title="賲賰丞">亘賲賰丞丕賱賲賰乇賲丞</a>貙氐亘丕丨賷賵賲丕賱丕孬賳賷賳 7 噩購賲丕丿賶丕賱兀賵賱賶毓丕賲 <a href="/wiki/1427_%D9%87%D9%80" title="1427 賴賭">1427 賴賭</a> 丕賱賲賵丕賮賯 3 賷賵賳賷賵 (丨賻夭賽賷乇丕賳) <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> 賲貙亘毓丿賲毓丕賳丕丞丕賱賲乇囟貙賵氐購賱賽賾賷毓賱賷賴亘毓丿氐賱丕丞丕賱賲睾乇亘 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="丕賱賲爻噩丿丕賱丨乇丕賲">亘丕賱賲爻噩丿丕賱丨乇丕賲</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9"></span>丕賱賲乇丕噩毓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&action=edit&section=6" title="毓丿賱丕賱賯爻賲: 丕賱賲乇丕噩毓"><span>毓丿賱</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64185426">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal;overflow-y:auto;max-height:300px}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}@media print{.mw-parser-output .reflist{overflow-y:visible!important;max-height:none!important}}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67739214">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")left 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")left 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004125116/https://shamela.ws/author/1128">"賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷 - 丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞丕賱卮丕賲賱丞"</a>. <i>shamela.ws</i>. 賲丐乇卮賮賲賳 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shamela.ws/author/1128">丕賱兀氐賱</a> 賮賷 2023-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 丕胤賱毓毓賱賷賴亘鬲丕乇賷禺 <span class="nowrap">2024-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shamela.ws&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshamela.ws%2Fauthor%2F1128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Far.wikipedia.org%3A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-0"><sup><i><b>丕</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-1"><sup><i><b>亘</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-2"><sup><i><b>噩</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞_丕賱卮丕賲賱丞_:_賲丨賲丿_亘賳_賲胤乇_丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷_2-3"><sup><i><b>丿</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shamela.ws/index.php/author/1128">丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞丕賱卮丕賲賱丞: 賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171219134902/http://shamela.ws/index.php/author/1128">賳爻禺丞賲丨賮賵馗丞</a> 19 丿賷爻賲亘乇 2017 毓賱賶賲賵賯毓 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86" title="賵丕賷亘丕賰賲卮賷賳">賵丕賷亘丕賰賲卮賷賳</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67739214"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240214151449/https://shamela.ws/author/1128">"賲賵賯毓丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞丕賱卮丕賲賱丞 | 丕賱爻賷乇丞丕賱匕丕鬲賷丞賱賱卮賷禺賲丨賲丿亘賳賲胤乇丕賱夭賴乇丕賳賷"</a>. <i>賲賵賯毓丕賱賲賰鬲亘丞丕賱卮丕賲賱丞</i>. 3 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