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font-medium border-t-2 border-transparent edu:text-sm edu:xl:text-base edu:px-2 edu:xl:px-4" aria-expanded="false"><span class="inline-block py-2 transition-colors duration-100 ease-in border-b-2">Topics</span></button></div></div><div class="relative z-20 flex items-center w-auto"><button aria-label="Open Search" class="p-4 -mr-4 text-lg cursor-pointer"><svg class="IconSearch" width="20" height="20" viewbox="0 0 20 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M8 0a8 8 0 016.096 13.181l5.293 5.294-1.414 1.414-5.357-5.356A8 8 0 118 0zm0 2a6 6 0 100 12A6 6 0 008 2z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div></nav></div></div></div><div style="" class="NavMobile border-gray-light-mid z-50 w-full transition-all duration-150 ease-in bg-white border-b edu:bg-gray-light edu:border-none print:edu:!border-b print:border-black lg:hidden" invert-override="false" scrolled="false" keep-alive><div class="relative w-full"><div class="h-18 flex w-full justify-between items-center px-5 edu:bg-gradient-to-r edu:from-black edu:to-primary edu:to-90% edu:bg-black"><div class="flex items-center"><div class="NavLogoLinks relative lg:p-0 w-72 z-20 p-2 pl-0 -ml-3 edu:w-[12rem]"><div class="absolute inset-0 flex items-start"><div class="w-1/4 h-full"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov" class="cursor-pointer block w-auto h-full group" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="NASA" title="NASA"></a></div><div class="flex-grow h-full"><a href="/" class="group cursor-pointer block w-full h-full" aria-label="JPL Home" title="JPL Home" exact="false"></a></div></div><img src="/_nuxt/logo-tribrand-color.CrK_FdfP.svg" alt="JPL Logo" width="324" height="72"></div></div><button class="print:hidden text-gray-dark p-4 -mr-4 cursor-pointer" aria-label="Open menu"><svg class="IconMenu text-6xl edu:text-white" width="30" height="26" viewbox="0 0 30 26" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M30 22v4H0v-4h30zm0-11v4H0v-4h30zm0-11v4H0V0h30z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button></div></div></div><main class="min-h-[26svh] md:min-h-[39svh] lg:min-h-[52svh]"><span></span><div><div class="-nav-offset" site="default"><div class="HeroLarge max-w-screen-3xl relative mx-auto" data-v-16073c8f><div class="absolute inset-0 z-10 bg-black" data-v-16073c8f><picture data-v-16073c8f><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-320x138-c10.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-640x276-c10.png 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-768x331-c10.png 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1024x441-c10.png 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1280x551-c10.png 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1440x620-c10.png 1440w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1800x775-c10.png 1800w" data-v-16073c8f><source media="(min-width: 420px)" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-768x331-c10.png" data-v-16073c8f><source srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-640x276-c10.png" data-v-16073c8f><img class="md:object-right object-cover object-bottom w-full h-full" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1024x441-c10.png" width="1024" height="441" alt="" data-v-16073c8f></picture></div><div class="content-wrapper lg:flex lg:items-center relative z-20 w-full h-full" data-v-16073c8f><div class="bg-gradient-to-t lg:bg-gradient-to-l from-transparent-w25 lg:from-transparent-w50 to-transparent-black-50 lg:to-transparent-black-50 absolute inset-0" data-v-16073c8f></div><div class="text-contrast relative w-full text-white" data-v-16073c8f><div class="lg:py-0 pb-80 container pt-8 mx-auto" data-v-16073c8f><div class="pt-10 lg:px-10 2xl:px-0 lg:pt-6 lg:pb-18 px-4" data-v-16073c8f><h1 class="uppercase lg:w-3/4 xl:w-3/5 xl:text-10xl lg:text-9xl md:text-8xl text-7xl lg:tracking-tightest lg:leading-tighter mb-5 font-bold leading-tight" data-v-16073c8f>JPL Dares Mighty Things</h1><p class="lg:w-1/2 2xl:w-2/5 xl:text-6xl lg:text-4xl md:text-2xl lg:leading-tight text-lg font-medium" data-v-16073c8f>Reaching for the stars since 1936</p></div></div></div></div></div><nav aria-label="Secondary" class="NavSecondary -at-top"><div class="w-full mx-auto"><div class="nav-secondary-container edu:border-0 lg:container lg:px-0 lg:whitespace-normal lg:overflow-visible relative px-4 pb-0 mx-auto overflow-x-auto text-sm font-medium whitespace-nowrap border-t border-gray-mid text-gray-mid-dark border-opacity-50"><div class="lg:ml-0 2xl:-mr-3 lg:justify-end flex -ml-3"><div class="w-full flex gap-4 align-content h-16"><div modelvalue class="flex"><label class="sr-only" for="select_jumpTo">JUMP TO</label><select id="select_jumpTo" class="border-0 text-action can-hover:hover:text-action-dark font-secondary font-semibold tracking-wider uppercase align-middle"><option disabled value="" selected>JUMP TO</option><option value="">TOP</option><option value="2023-12-11">2020𝚜</option><option value="2019-04-06">2010𝚜</option><option value="2006-07-22">2000𝚜</option><option value="1998-10-24">1990𝚜</option><option value="1989-08-25">1980𝚜</option><option value="1979-03-04">1970𝚜</option><option value="1966-06-02">1960𝚜</option><option value="1959-03-03">1950𝚜</option><option value="1947-05-22">1940𝚜</option><option value="1939-01-01">1930𝚜</option></select></div><div modelvalue class="flex"><label class="sr-only" for="select_sortBy">SORT BY</label><select id="select_sortBy" class="border-0 text-action can-hover:hover:text-action-dark font-secondary font-semibold tracking-wider uppercase align-middle"><option disabled value="" selected>SORT BY</option><option value="latestDate">Latest</option><option value="oldestDate">Oldest</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></nav><h2 class="sr-only">Milestones</h2><div class="overflow-hidden MilestoneList BaseGrid" style="--scroll-factor:0px;--rows:62;"><div id="milestone-2023-12-11" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:1;" data-milestone-year="2023"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 0px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Psyche_DSOC_adj1.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Psyche_DSOC_adj1.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Psyche_DSOC_adj1.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 11</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconPlay" width="60" height="60" viewbox="0 0 60 60" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 64 0)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M42 17L22 30 42 43z"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Deep Space Optical Communications</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Video From Deep Space Via Laser</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2021-04-19" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:2;" data-milestone-year="2021"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 80px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Ingenuity_adj_2.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Ingenuity_adj_2.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Ingenuity_adj_2.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">April 19</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconPlay" width="60" height="60" viewbox="0 0 60 60" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 64 0)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M42 17L22 30 42 43z"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Ingenuity</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Powered, Controlled Flight on Another Planet</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2019-04-06" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:3;" data-milestone-year="2019"><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">April 6, 2019</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">InSight</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Likely Quake Detected on Another Planet</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2018-11-26" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:4;" data-milestone-year="2018"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 240px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Mars_Cube_One.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Mars_Cube_One.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Mars_Cube_One.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA2.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">Nov. 26, 2018</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mars Cube One</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First CubeSats Fly by Another Planet</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2018-07-31" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:5;" data-milestone-year="2018"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 320px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22561.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22561.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22561.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 2018</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Cold Atom Lab</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Production of the Fifth State of Matter in Orbit</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2018-06-13" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:6;" data-milestone-year="2018"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 400px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA11066.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA11066.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA11066.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-110%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">June 13, 2018</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">GRACE-FO</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Laser Ranging Between Spacecraft</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2017-09-15" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:7;" data-milestone-year="2017"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 480px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagescassini20170824PIA21440-.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagescassini20170824PIA21440-.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagescassini20170824PIA21440-.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">September 15, 2017</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconPlay" width="60" height="60" viewbox="0 0 60 60" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 64 0)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M42 17L22 30 42 43z"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Cassini End of Mission</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Mission to Plunge Into the Saturn Atmosphere</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2017-04-26" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:8;" data-milestone-year="2017"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 560px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Saturn_rings.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Saturn_rings.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Saturn_rings.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">April 26, 2017</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Cassini</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Spacecraft to Dive Between Saturn and Its Rings</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2017-02-22" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:9;" data-milestone-year="2017"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 640px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22093.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22093.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22093.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">February 22, 2017</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Spitzer Space Telescope</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First System of Seven Earth-Sized Planets Around a Single Star Revealed</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2016-07-04" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:10;" data-milestone-year="2016"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 720px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23445.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23445.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23445.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yy.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 4, 2016</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Juno</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Solar-Powered Spacecraft at Jupiter</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2015-03-06" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:11;" data-milestone-year="2015"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 800px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21079.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21079.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21079.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70_waUKZkw.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">March 6, 2015</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Dawn Mission</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Spacecraft to Visit a Dwarf Planet and First Spacecraft to Orbit Two Extraterrestrial Destinations</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2014-10-08" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:12;" data-milestone-year="2014"><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.dd2df326.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">October 8, 2014</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">NuStar</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Discovery of an Ultraluminous Pulsar</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2014-08-06" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:13;" data-milestone-year="2014"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 960px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA18934.origina-adjl.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA18934.origina-adjl.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA18934.origina-adjl.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">August 6, 2014</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">OCO-2</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First High-Precision Global Measurements of Carbon Dioxide</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2013-02-08" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:14;" data-milestone-year="2013"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1040px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16763.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16763.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16763.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">February 8, 2013</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mars Curiosity Rover</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Sample Drilling on Mars</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2012-12-05" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:15;" data-milestone-year="2012"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1120px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12009.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12009.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12009.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail201212.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 5, 2012</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">GRAIL</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First High-Resolution Gravity Map of the Moon</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2012-08-25" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:16;" data-milestone-year="2012"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1200px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1-Voyager_2-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1-Voyager_2-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1-Voyager_2-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">August 25, 2012</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Voyager 1</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Spacecraft to Enter Interstellar Space</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2012-08-06" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:17;" data-milestone-year="2012"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1280px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14839.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14839.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14839.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-se.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">August 6, 2012</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mars Curiosity Rover</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Skycrane Landing</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2012-06-28" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:18;" data-milestone-year="2012"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1360px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/galcenter_nustar.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/galcenter_nustar.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/galcenter_nustar.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-110%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.dd2df326.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">June 28, 2012</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">NuSTAR Mission</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Focused Images of the High-Energy Universe from an Orbiting Telescope</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2012-01-01" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:19;" data-milestone-year="2012"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1440px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13956.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13956.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13956.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">January 1, 2012</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle"></div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Twin “Formation-Flying” Spacecraft at Another World</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2011-12-20" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:20;" data-milestone-year="2011"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1520px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14888.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14888.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14888.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmV.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 20, 2011</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Kepler Mission</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Detection of Earth-Sized Exoplanet</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2011-07-27" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:21;" data-milestone-year="2011"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1600px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/asteroid20161103-16_3.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/asteroid20161103-16_3.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/asteroid20161103-16_3.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 27, 2011</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">WISE Mission</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Detection of Earth Trojan Asteroid</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2011-07-15" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:22;" data-milestone-year="2011"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1680px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14700.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14700.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14700.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70_waUKZkw.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 15, 2011</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Dawn Mission</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Protoplanet Orbiter</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2006-07-22" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:23;" data-milestone-year="2006"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1760px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA20016.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA20016.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA20016.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 22, 2006</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Cassini-Huygens Mission</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Images of Extraterrestrial Lakes and Seas</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2006-05-20" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:24;" data-milestone-year="2006"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1840px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23359.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23359.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23359.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-110%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJ.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">May 20, 2006</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">CloudSat</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Vertical Profiles of Earth’s Clouds from Orbit</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2006-01-15" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:25;" data-milestone-year="2006"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 1920px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03669.a12d4916.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03669.a12d4916.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03669.a12d4916.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">January 15, 2006</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Stardust</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Comet Sample</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2005-07-04" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:26;" data-milestone-year="2005"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2000px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07923.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07923.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07923.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi201006.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 4, 2005</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Deep Impact</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Spacecraft to Impact Comet</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2005-03-22" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:27;" data-milestone-year="2005"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2080px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09200.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09200.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09200.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">March 22, 2005</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Spitzer Space Telescope</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Direct Detection of Light From Exoplanet</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2005-02-16" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:28;" data-milestone-year="2005"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2160px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07800.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07800.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07800.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">February 16, 2005</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Cassini</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Hint of an Ocean at Saturn's Moon Enceladus</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2004-09-08" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:29;" data-milestone-year="2004"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2240px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sun_pia03149-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sun_pia03149-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.png 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sun_pia03149-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">September 8, 2004</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Genesis</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Solar Wind Sample From Solar Orbit</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2004-06-30" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:30;" data-milestone-year="2004"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2320px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21046.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21046.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21046.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-110%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">June 30, 2004</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Cassini</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Saturn Orbiter</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2004-01-03" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:31;" data-milestone-year="2004"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2400px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA05136.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA05136.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA05136.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">January 3 & 24, 2004</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconExternal" width="18" height="18" viewbox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M7 2v2H2v12h12v-5h2v7H0V2h7zm11-2v8h-2V3.413l-8.243 8.244-1.414-1.414L14.585 2H10V0h8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Spirit and Opportunity</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Long-Range Mars Rovers</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2002-05-28" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:32;" data-milestone-year="2002"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2480px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03800.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03800.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03800.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">May 28, 2002</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mars Odyssey</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Detection of Frozen Water Beneath the Surface of Mars</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2002-04-04" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:33;" data-milestone-year="2002"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2560px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgracefo20200318gracefo20.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgracefo20200318gracefo20.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgracefo20200318gracefo20.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">April 4, 2002</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">GRACE</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Measurements of Earth’s Shifting Water</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-2000-02-11" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:34;" data-milestone-year="2000"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2640px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04950.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04950.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04950.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">February 11, 2000</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Shuttle Radar Topography</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Topographic Map of Earth From Space</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1998-10-24" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:35;" data-milestone-year="1998"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2720px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03500.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03500.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03500.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">October 24, 1998</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Deep Space 1</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Ion Engine on Planetary Spacecraft</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1997-07-04" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:36;" data-milestone-year="1997"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2800px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01002.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01002.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01002.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-110%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 4, 1997</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mars Pathfinder</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Successful Planetary Rover</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1995-12-08" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:37;" data-milestone-year="1995"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2880px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Jupiter-800h-v2_02.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Jupiter-800h-v2_02.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.png 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Jupiter-800h-v2_02.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 8, 1995</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Galileo</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Jupiter Orbiter</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1993-05-23" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:38;" data-milestone-year="1993"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 2960px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00104.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00104.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00104.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.or.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">May 25, 1993</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Magellan</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Mission to Use 'Aerobraking' and Crash Intentionally Into a Planet</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1991-10-29" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:39;" data-milestone-year="1991"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3040px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00119.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00119.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00119.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">October 29, 1991</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Galileo</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Asteroid Flyby</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1990-10-06" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:40;" data-milestone-year="1990"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3120px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebulysses_09Q1HDm.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebulysses_09Q1HDm.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebulysses_09Q1HDm.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">October 6, 1990</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Ulysses</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Spacecraft in a Polar Orbit Around the Sun</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1989-08-25" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:41;" data-milestone-year="1989"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3200px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/43-mission-current-Voyager-1.16589192.fill-480x480-c70.png" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/43-mission-current-Voyager-1.16589192.fill-346x346-c70.png 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/43-mission-current-Voyager-1.16589192.fill-480x480-c70.png 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">August 25, 1989</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Voyager 2</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Neptune Flyby</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1986-01-24" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:42;" data-milestone-year="1986"><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">January 24, 1986</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Voyager 2</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Uranus Mission</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1983-01-25" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:43;" data-milestone-year="1983"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3360px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12335.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12335.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12335.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">January 25, 1983</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">IRAS</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Infrared Telescope in Space</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1979-03-04" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:44;" data-milestone-year="1979"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3440px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00010.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00010.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00010.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">March 4, 1979</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Voyager 1</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Images of Volcanic Plumes on Another World</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1978-06-27" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:45;" data-milestone-year="1978"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3520px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesearthseasatpia18137-640.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="350" height="350" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesearthseasatpia18137-640.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesearthseasatpia18137-640.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 350w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">June 27, 1978</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Seasat</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Oceanographic Satellite</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1975-08-20" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:46;" data-milestone-year="1975"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3600px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00568.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00568.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00568.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">August 20, 1975</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Viking 1 Orbiter</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First U.S. Spacecraft to Ferry Lander to Mars</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1974-03-29" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:47;" data-milestone-year="1974"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3680px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02445.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="312" height="311" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02445.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 312w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02445.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 312w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">March 29, 1974</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mariner 10</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Mercury Mission</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1974-02-05" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:48;" data-milestone-year="1974"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3760px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02440.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="213" height="213" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02440.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 213w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02440.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 213w" style="--x-translate:-110%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_sling.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">February 5, 1974</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mariner 10</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Multi-Planet Mission</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1971-11-14" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:49;" data-milestone-year="1971"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3840px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA15090.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA15090.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA15090.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">November 14, 1971</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mariner 9</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Planetary Orbiter</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1966-06-02" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:50;" data-milestone-year="1966"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 3920px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsurveyor_NDZ0RwX.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsurveyor_NDZ0RwX.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsurveyor_NDZ0RwX.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">June 2, 1966</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Surveyor 1</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First U.S. Soft Landing on the Moon</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1965-07-15" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:51;" data-milestone-year="1965"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4000px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesmarinermariner4-pia02979.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="350" height="350" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesmarinermariner4-pia02979.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesmarinermariner4-pia02979.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 350w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 15, 1965</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mariner 4</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Mars Flyby</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1964-07-28" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:52;" data-milestone-year="1964"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4080px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23520.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23520.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23520.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-130%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-1.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">July 28, 1964</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Ranger 7</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Successful U.S. Mission to the Moon</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1963-12-24" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:53;" data-milestone-year="1963"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4160px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/DSN.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/DSN.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.png 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/DSN.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 24, 1963</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Deep Space Network</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Network for Deep Space Communication</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1962-12-14" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:54;" data-milestone-year="1962"><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 14, 1962</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Mariner 2</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Planetary Flyby</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1959-03-03" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:55;" data-milestone-year="1959"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4320px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23497.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23497.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23497.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:180%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmy.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">March 3, 1959</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Pioneer 4</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First U.S. Mission to Escape Earth Orbit</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1958-12-03" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:56;" data-milestone-year="1958"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4400px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21115.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21115.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21115.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-120%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 3, 1958</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle"></div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">One of the First Centers in the Newly Created NASA</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1958-01-31" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:57;" data-milestone-year="1958"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4480px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/infographicsuploadsinfographic.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/infographicsuploadsinfographic.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/infographicsuploadsinfographic.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:200%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">January 31, 1958</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Explorer 1</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">America's First Satellite</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1956-09-20" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:58;" data-milestone-year="1956"><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">September 20, 1956</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle">Re-Entry Test Vehicle Program</div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">First Flight of Technology for Returning Warheads from Space</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1947-05-22" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:59;" data-milestone-year="1947"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4640px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/293-363.origina-adj.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/293-363.origina-adj.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/293-363.origina-adj.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:190%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">May 22, 1947</div><span class="ml-auto"><svg class="IconPlay" width="60" height="60" viewbox="0 0 60 60" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path fill="currentColor" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 64 0)" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M42 17L22 30 42 43z"></path></svg></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle"></div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">America's First Guided Ballistic Missile</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1944-12-01" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:60;" data-milestone-year="1944"><div style="transform:translate3d(0, calc(var(--scroll-factor) * 0.18 - 4720px), 0);" class="MilestoneImageWrapper"><img class="MilestoneImage" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Private_ajd.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg" width="480" height="480" srcset="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Private_ajd.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg 346w https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Private_ajd.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg 480w" style="--x-translate:-110%;" alt=""></div><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" src="https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg" srcset="" alt="" width="122" height="122" loading="lazy" data-chromatic="ignore"></div></div></div><div class="p-8 flex-grow"><div class="flex"><div class="text-gray-dark text-subtitle mb-3">December 1, 1944</div><span class="ml-auto"></span></div><div class="text-gray-mid-dark text-subtitle"></div><h3 class="text-h5 mt-3">JPL's First Test of Experimental Missile for the U.S. Army</h3></div></button></div><div id="milestone-1939-01-01" class="MilestoneListItem" style="--row:61;" data-milestone-year="1939"><button class="BlockCircleImageCard bg-white shadow-jpl h-full flex-grow text-left flex-grow md:flex-grow-0" type="button"><div data-v-27582c77><div class="BaseImagePlaceholder aspect-ratio-none transparent-theme" data-v-27582c77><div><img class="rounded-full border-4 border-white object-cover BaseImage print:border print:border-gray-mid" 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4.57-4.966 9.735-12.218 9.735-8.443 0-12.318-7.35-12.318-15.199 0-7.846 4.371-15.196 13.012-15.196 4.77 0 9.041 3.078 10.63 8.045l10.63-4.867zm3.774 37.15h12.118V48.385c0-6.158 2.782-13.906 11.92-13.906 6.16 0 8.941 2.981 8.941 9.933v29.8h12.117V40.936c0-14.603-9.833-18.178-18.376-18.178-6.854 0-11.722 2.682-14.403 6.16h-.199V1.501h-12.118v72.711z" fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></a></div><p class="mb-12"> JPL is a federally funded research and development center managed for NASA by Caltech. </p></div></div><div class="3xl:px-0 container px-4 mx-auto mt-5"><div class="text-subtitle text-blue edu:text-white mb-5">More from JPL</div><div class="lg:block hidden"><a class="BaseButton text-contrast-none print:border print:!border-gray-dark print:text-center -dark inline-block mb-5 mr-8" aria-label href="https://www.jpl.jobs/" target="_blank"><span class="label block">Careers</span></a><a class="BaseButton text-contrast-none print:border print:!border-gray-dark 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type="application/json" data-nuxt-data="nuxt-app" data-ssr="true" id="__NUXT_DATA__">[["ShallowReactive",1],{"data":2,"state":3382,"once":3392,"_errors":3393,"serverRendered":3389,"path":3395,"pinia":3396},["ShallowReactive",3],{"dfnHveMgDl":4,"DrQ6lpPLku":8,"GFHKyXCBOD":1639,"cZyyHCo2zS":1955,"_apollo:default":2375},{"init":5},{"__typename":6,"id":7},"TimelinePage","130924",{"page":9},{"__typename":6,"id":7,"lastPublishedAt":10,"seoTitle":11,"searchDescription":12,"slug":13,"url":14,"title":11,"summary":15,"heroTitle":16,"heroSummary":17,"heroImage":18,"thumbnailImage":48,"milestones":50},"2024-10-08T17:18:14.291337+00:00","JPL History and Achievements","","timeline","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/timeline","Reaching for the Stars Since 1936","JPL Dares Mighty Things","Reaching for the stars since 1936",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":20,"src":21,"screenXs":26,"screenSm":29,"screenMd":32,"screenLg":35,"screenXl":36,"screenTwoxl":39,"screenThreexl":42,"alt":12,"caption":45,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"CustomImage","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marker.width-320.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marker.width-640.png 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marker.width-768.png 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marke.width-1024.png 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marke.width-1280.png 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marke.width-1440.png 1440w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marke.width-1800.png 1800w",{"__typename":22,"url":23,"width":24,"height":25},"CustomRendition","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1024x441-c10.png","1024","441",{"__typename":22,"url":27,"width":28},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-320x138-c10.png","320",{"__typename":22,"url":30,"width":31},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-640x276-c10.png","640",{"__typename":22,"url":33,"width":34},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcar.2e16d0ba.fill-768x331-c10.png","768",{"__typename":22,"url":23,"width":24},{"__typename":22,"url":37,"width":38},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1280x551-c10.png","1280",{"__typename":22,"url":40,"width":41},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1440x620-c10.png","1440",{"__typename":22,"url":43,"width":44},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postca.2e16d0ba.fill-1800x775-c10.png","1800","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"lvzal\">NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover used its black-and-white navigation cameras to capture panoramas of “Marker Band Valley” at two times of day on April 8. Color was added to a combination of both panoramas for an artistic interpretation of the scene.\u003C/p>","NASA/JPL-Caltech",null,{"__typename":19,"original":49,"alt":12},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/1a-PIA25912-Curiositys_Postcard_View_of_Marker_Band_Valley.png",[51,88,112,135,159,184,212,240,267,292,316,344,365,392,420,448,474,498,516,543,568,594,610,636,661,690,718,744,772,800,826,853,882,902,930,958,985,1012,1038,1061,1089,1117,1137,1162,1189,1216,1245,1275,1302,1329,1357,1383,1411,1437,1452,1479,1500,1525,1545,1571,1593,1612],{"__typename":52,"id":53,"heading":54,"date":55,"displayDate":56,"milestoneLabel":57,"image":58,"thumbnailImage":67,"backgroundImage":71,"description":78,"milestoneLink":79,"milestoneLinkLabel":84,"embed":85},"MilestoneBlock","dd44174c-86d7-476a-8b32-76110a2b82eb","First Video From Deep Space Via Laser","2023-12-11","December 11","Deep Space Optical Communications",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":59,"original":60,"src":61,"title":64,"alt":65,"caption":66,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":62,"width":24,"height":63},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.width-1024.jpg","575","1_PIA26145.dsoc screen","Members of the DSOC team react to the first high-definition streaming video to be sent via laser from deep space on Dec. 11 at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"wess8\">Members of the DSOC team react to the first high-definition streaming video to be sent via laser from deep space on Dec. 11 at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Sent by the DSOC transceiver aboard the Psyche spacecraft, nearly 19 million miles from Earth, the video features a cat named Taters.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":68},{"__typename":22,"url":69,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1_PIA26145.dsoc-screen.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg","122",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":72,"src":75},{"__typename":22,"url":73,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Psyche_DSOC_adj1.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg","346",{"__typename":22,"url":76,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Psyche_DSOC_adj1.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","480","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"olmke\">NASA’s \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission/deep-space-optical-communications-dsoc/\">Deep Space Optical Communications\u003C/a> experiment beams an ultra-high definition streaming video on Dec. 11, 2023, from a record-setting 19 million miles away (31 million kilometers, or about 80 times the Earth-Moon distance). The milestone is part of a NASA technology demonstration aimed at streaming very high-bandwidth video and other data from deep space – enabling future human missions beyond Earth orbit. The 15-second clip features a cat named Taters chasing a laser with test graphics overlayed.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":81,"externalLink":12},"LinkBlock",{"__typename":82,"url":83},"Page","/home/missions/deep-space-optical-communications-dsoc/","Deep Space Optical Communications Mission Site",{"__typename":86,"embed":87},"CustomGQLEmbedBlock","\u003Ciframe width=\"200\" height=\"113\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/GvJtVOmFs5Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen title=\"The Video NASA’s Laser Communications Experiment Streamed From Deep Space\">\u003C/iframe>",{"__typename":52,"id":89,"heading":90,"date":91,"displayDate":92,"milestoneLabel":93,"image":94,"thumbnailImage":100,"backgroundImage":103,"description":108,"milestoneLink":109,"milestoneLinkLabel":12,"embed":110},"0dd20f15-4e82-4f4f-a879-817b912c237c","First Powered, Controlled Flight on Another Planet","2021-04-19","April 19","Ingenuity",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":95,"original":96,"src":97,"title":93,"alt":93,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.width-768.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.width-1024.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.width-1280.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.width-1320.jpg 640w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/ingenuityl.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":98,"width":31,"height":99},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.width-1024.jpg","560",{"__typename":19,"src":101},{"__typename":22,"url":102,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/ingenuityl.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":104,"src":106},{"__typename":22,"url":105,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Ingenuity_adj_2.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":107,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Ingenuity_adj_2.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"cc3bq\">NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter becomes the first aircraft in history to make a powered, controlled flight on another planet on April 19, 2021. The Ingenuity team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California determines that the flight was successful after receiving data from both the helicopter and the Perseverance Mars rover.\u003C/p>\u003Cp data-block-key=\"efdji\">Ingenuity is a technology demonstration. The 19-inch-tall Ingenuity Mars Helicopter contains no science instruments. Instead, the 4-pound rotorcraft will help determine whether future explorations on Mars could be conducted from the air.\u003C/p>\u003Cp data-block-key=\"8a34l\">Perseverance touched down at Octavia E. Butler Landing with Ingenuity attached to its belly on Feb. 18. The helicopter was deployed to the surface of Jezero Crater on April 3.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":86,"embed":111},"\u003Ciframe width=\"200\" height=\"113\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ia6S1jZmwWc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Successfully Completes First Flight\">\u003C/iframe>",{"__typename":52,"id":113,"heading":114,"date":115,"displayDate":116,"milestoneLabel":117,"image":118,"thumbnailImage":127,"backgroundImage":47,"description":130,"milestoneLink":131,"milestoneLinkLabel":134,"embed":47},"a6dba10e-1976-4a31-9272-7ab6da11da4a","First Likely Quake Detected on Another Planet","2019-04-06","April 6, 2019","InSight",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":119,"original":120,"src":121,"title":123,"alt":124,"caption":124,"credit":125,"detailUrl":126},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.width-1280.jpg 1080w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.width-1320.jpg 1080w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA25281.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":122,"width":24,"height":24},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.width-1024.jpg","Seismogram and Sonification of InSight's Big Martian Quake","This video includes a seismogram and sonification of the signals recorded by NASA's InSight Mars lander, which detected an estimated magnitude 5 quake on May 4, 2022.","NASA/JPL-Caltech/CNES","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia25281-seismogram-and-sonification-of-insights-big-martian-quake",{"__typename":19,"src":128},{"__typename":22,"url":129,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA25281.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"6i39c\">InSight, which stands for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, is the first mission to study Mars' deep interior. After placing the first seismometer on another planet on Dec. 19, 2018 and detecting a number of seismic signals, InSight gathers data on what is likely the first quake ever observed on another planet on April 6, 2019. This first “marsquake” is very faint. But as InSight detects larger marsquakes in the future, scientists can use them to study Mars' deep interior. Understanding the interior structure of Mars can teach us how all rocky bodies in the Solar System are formed, including our home planet Earth and its Moon. When InSight blasted off on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 401 rocket from Vandenberg Air Force base on May 5, 2018, it was also the first interplanetary mission launched from the West Coast.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":132,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":133},"/home/missions/insight/","InSight Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":136,"heading":137,"date":138,"displayDate":12,"milestoneLabel":139,"image":140,"thumbnailImage":147,"backgroundImage":150,"description":155,"milestoneLink":156,"milestoneLinkLabel":158,"embed":47},"e4aaa552-bfde-4eb7-8170-ec53b0bfb62d","First CubeSats Fly by Another Planet","2018-11-26","Mars Cube One",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":141,"original":142,"src":143,"title":139,"alt":12,"caption":146,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNoQ.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNoQ.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNoQ.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNo.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNo.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNo.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNoQZo.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":144,"width":24,"height":145},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA22314_hires_vQNo.width-1024.jpg","576","\u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=\">› Full image and caption\u003C/a>",{"__typename":19,"src":148},{"__typename":22,"url":149,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/spaceimagesimageslargesizePIA2.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":151,"src":153},{"__typename":22,"url":152,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Mars_Cube_One.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":154,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Mars_Cube_One.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"r14hw\">As NASA's InSight spacecraft touches down on the surface of Mars at 11:52:59 a.m. PST (2:52:59 p.m. EST), two briefcase-sized spacecraft are in perfect position to relay InSight's signals back to Earth. The two Mars Cube One (MarCO) CubeSats -- MarCO-A and MarCO-B, nicknamed EVE and Wall-E -- launched on the same rocket as InSight as a technology demonstration. They prove that small satellites can travel to deep space and successfully carry out communications and navigation experiments. After capturing the first image of Earth and the Moon ever taken by a CubeSat on May 9, 2018, MarCO-B (Wall-E) tops that with the first image of Mars ever taken by a CubeSat. During the flight past the Red Planet, and on Nov. 26, it also captures a grander image looking back at Mars that shows the planet’s surface features.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":157},"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cubesat/missions/marco.php","Visit website for more info",{"__typename":52,"id":160,"heading":161,"date":162,"displayDate":163,"milestoneLabel":164,"image":165,"thumbnailImage":174,"backgroundImage":177,"description":182,"milestoneLink":183,"milestoneLinkLabel":12,"embed":47},"e835107f-35f7-40b5-9da0-6054718d38ff","First Production of the Fifth State of Matter in Orbit","2018-07-31","July 2018","Cold Atom Lab",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":166,"original":167,"src":168,"title":171,"alt":172,"caption":172,"credit":46,"detailUrl":173},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA17794.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":169,"width":24,"height":170},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.width-1024.jpg","532","NASA's Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) Chip (Artist's Concept)","Artist's concept of a magneto-optical trap and atom chip to be used by NASA's Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) aboard the International Space Station.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia17794-nasas-cold-atom-laboratory-cal-chip-artists-concept",{"__typename":19,"src":175},{"__typename":22,"url":176,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17794.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":178,"src":180},{"__typename":22,"url":179,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22561.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":181,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22561.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"o1uyo\">Installed on the International Space Station in May 2018, NASA’s Cold Atom Laboratory (CAL) is the first experiment to produce a fifth state of matter in Earth orbit. Known as Bose-Einstein condensates, these ultracold clouds of atoms hover just above absolute zero, and exhibit strange and unique properties compared to the other four states of matter -- solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. In the microgravity environment of the International Space Station, Bose-Einstein condensates can reach colder temperatures compared to those produced by ground-based experiments, and scientists can observe freely evolving Bose-Einstein condensates for longer periods of time. CAL is a dedicated fundamental physics facility that allows researchers to use ultracold gasses in microgravity to probe a variety of natural phenomena.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":52,"id":185,"heading":186,"date":187,"displayDate":188,"milestoneLabel":189,"image":190,"thumbnailImage":200,"backgroundImage":203,"description":208,"milestoneLink":209,"milestoneLinkLabel":211,"embed":47},"19b6347d-ead1-4661-a6ce-6e497effc1cd","First Laser Ranging Between Spacecraft","2018-06-13","June 13, 2018","GRACE-FO",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":191,"original":192,"src":193,"title":196,"alt":197,"caption":197,"credit":198,"detailUrl":199},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA21607.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":194,"width":24,"height":195},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.width-1024.jpg","727","GRACE-FO Spacecraft (Artist's Rendering)","This artist's rendering shows the twin spacecraft of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission, a partnership between NASA and the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ).","NASA JPL/Caltech","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia21607-grace-fo-spacecraft-artists-rendering",{"__typename":19,"src":201},{"__typename":22,"url":202,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21607.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":204,"src":206},{"__typename":22,"url":205,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA11066.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":207,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA11066.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"163v9\">The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On mission (GRACE-FO), designed to track how masses of liquid water and ice are changing on Earth, carries a technology demonstration onboard known as the laser ranging interferometer. This instrument -- installed on both of the twin GRACE-FO spacecraft -- precisely tracks changes in the distance between the spacecraft. These data are analyzed to create monthly global maps of changes in mass, such as water, on the planet. While the original GRACE mission used microwaves to track these changes, GRACE-FO is the first to use lasers for this measurement, improving its precision.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":210},"https://gracefo.jpl.nasa.gov/","GRACE-FO Website",{"__typename":52,"id":213,"heading":214,"date":215,"displayDate":216,"milestoneLabel":217,"image":218,"thumbnailImage":228,"backgroundImage":231,"description":236,"milestoneLink":237,"milestoneLinkLabel":12,"embed":238},"83012f62-76ff-4159-91bc-933b9f44f2b6","First Mission to Plunge Into the Saturn Atmosphere","2017-09-15","September 15, 2017","Cassini End of Mission",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":219,"original":220,"src":221,"title":224,"alt":225,"caption":225,"credit":226,"detailUrl":227},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA06193.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":222,"width":24,"height":223},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.width-1024.jpg","523","The Greatest Saturn Portrait ...Yet","While cruising around Saturn in early October 2004, Cassini captured a series of images that have been composed into the largest, most detailed, global natural color view of Saturn and its rings ever made.","NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia06193-the-greatest-saturn-portrait-yet",{"__typename":19,"src":229},{"__typename":22,"url":230,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA06193.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":232,"src":234},{"__typename":22,"url":233,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagescassini20170824PIA21440-.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":235,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagescassini20170824PIA21440-.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"am73j\">In a fiery end to a 13-year tour of the Saturn system, the Cassini spacecraft hurtles into the atmosphere of the Ringed Planet at about 70,000 mph (113,000 kilometers per hour). Since Cassini is venturing closer to Saturn than any previous spacecraft, the mission keeps eight of its instruments on to take data all the way down and relays these data in near-real-time back to Earth as long as Cassini's antenna can stay pointed at our home planet. The spacecraft holds its own for 91 seconds against Saturn's atmosphere and stops communicating at 4:55 a.m. PDT (7:55 a.m. EDT) via NASA's Deep Space Network antenna complex in Canberra, Australia. Mission controllers send Cassini intentionally into Saturn to ensure that Saturn's moons -- in particular Enceladus, with its subsurface ocean and signs of hydrothermal activity -- remain pristine for future exploration.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":86,"embed":239},"\u003Ciframe width=\"200\" height=\"113\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/xrGAQCq9BMU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"NASA at Saturn: Cassini's Grand Finale\">\u003C/iframe>",{"__typename":52,"id":241,"heading":242,"date":243,"displayDate":244,"milestoneLabel":245,"image":246,"thumbnailImage":255,"backgroundImage":258,"description":263,"milestoneLink":264,"milestoneLinkLabel":266,"embed":47},"ab6598d1-7f39-440b-aa38-4dd3b0f7373e","First Spacecraft to Dive Between Saturn and Its Rings","2017-04-26","April 26, 2017","Cassini",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":247,"original":248,"src":249,"title":252,"alt":253,"caption":253,"credit":46,"detailUrl":254},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA21438.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":250,"width":24,"height":251},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.width-1024.jpg","432","Cassini Over the Top (Illustration)","This illustration shows NASA's Cassini above Saturn's northern hemisphere prior to making one of its Grand Finale dives.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia21438-cassini-over-the-top-illustration",{"__typename":19,"src":256},{"__typename":22,"url":257,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21438.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":259,"src":261},{"__typename":22,"url":260,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Saturn_rings.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":262,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Saturn_rings.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"di4bo\">The Cassini spacecraft begins its “grand finale”—the final chapter of its remarkable 20-year-long journey in space—by exploring a unique region no other spacecraft has ever ventured into. The spacecraft dives through an approximately 1,500-mile-wide (2,400-kilometer-wide) gap between Saturn and its rings for the first time on April 26 and loops around to shoot through that gap another 21 times before ending its mission by burning up in the skies of Saturn on Sept. 15, 2017. Data from Cassini's grand finale provide insight into the planet's internal structure, rings, radiation environment and atmosphere (including the first direct measurements).\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":265},"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/overview/","Cassini-Huygens Mission Website",{"__typename":52,"id":268,"heading":269,"date":270,"displayDate":271,"milestoneLabel":272,"image":273,"thumbnailImage":280,"backgroundImage":283,"description":288,"milestoneLink":289,"milestoneLinkLabel":291,"embed":47},"80e4f1d6-62a2-4e23-a896-268285dd2112","First System of Seven Earth-Sized Planets Around a Single Star Revealed","2017-02-22","February 22, 2017","Spitzer Space Telescope",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":274,"original":275,"src":276,"title":279,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.width-320.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.width-640.png 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.width-768.png 750w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.width-1024.png 750w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.width-1280.png 750w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.width-1320.png 750w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.png",{"__typename":22,"url":277,"width":278,"height":278},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.width-1024.png","750","118-mission-past-Spitzer_0",{"__typename":19,"src":281},{"__typename":22,"url":282,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/118-mission-past-Spitzer.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":284,"src":286},{"__typename":22,"url":285,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22093.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":287,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22093.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"di4bo\">Forty light-years away, a system of seven Earth-sized planets encircle an ultra-cool dwarf star called TRAPPIST-1. This is the only known planetary system apart from our own that has three planets in the habitable zone, the area around a star in which a planet could support liquid water on its surface. In collaboration with several ground-based telescopes, including the Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST) in Chile, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope helped reveal the number and nature of these planets, using its infrared vision.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":290},"https://science.nasa.gov/mission/spitzer/","Spitzer Space Telescope Website",{"__typename":52,"id":293,"heading":294,"date":295,"displayDate":296,"milestoneLabel":297,"image":298,"thumbnailImage":304,"backgroundImage":307,"description":312,"milestoneLink":313,"milestoneLinkLabel":315,"embed":47},"66da60b7-834b-43b1-b86f-39e3365050dd","First Solar-Powered Spacecraft at Jupiter","2016-07-04","July 4, 2016","Juno",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":299,"original":300,"src":301,"title":303,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.width-320.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.width-640.png 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.width-768.png 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.width-1024.png 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.width-1280.png 1200w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.width-1320.png 1200w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.png",{"__typename":22,"url":302,"width":24,"height":24},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yyh.width-1024.png","22-mission-current-Juno",{"__typename":19,"src":305},{"__typename":22,"url":306,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/22-mission-current-Juno_6Fh9Yy.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":308,"src":310},{"__typename":22,"url":309,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23445.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":311,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23445.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"vw7gz\">After traveling 1.7 billion miles (2.7 billion kilometers) and nearly five years, Juno successfully begins orbiting the solar system's largest planet on Independence Day. It is the first solar-powered spacecraft to explore Jupiter and carries instruments that will enable it to peer down through the clouds and into the planet's interior, giving scientists clues about how Jupiter was born and how the entire solar system evolved.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":314},"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html","Juno Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":317,"heading":318,"date":319,"displayDate":320,"milestoneLabel":321,"image":322,"thumbnailImage":332,"backgroundImage":335,"description":340,"milestoneLink":341,"milestoneLinkLabel":343,"embed":47},"e7397ef6-d244-494d-a2f5-efc3a86f9dff","First Spacecraft to Visit a Dwarf Planet and First Spacecraft to Orbit Two Extraterrestrial Destinations","2015-03-06","March 6, 2015","Dawn Mission",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":323,"original":324,"src":325,"title":328,"alt":329,"caption":329,"credit":330,"detailUrl":331},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA19376.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":326,"width":24,"height":327},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.width-1024.jpg","417","Dawn Spacecraft","Artist's rendition of NASA's Dawn spacecraft, part of the Dawn Mission Art series.","NASA/McREL","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia19376-dawn-spacecraft",{"__typename":19,"src":333},{"__typename":22,"url":334,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA19376.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70_waUKZkw.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":336,"src":338},{"__typename":22,"url":337,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21079.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":339,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21079.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"vw7gz\">Two-and-a-half years after it left its first destination, the protoplanet Vesta, NASA's Dawn spacecraft slips into orbit around Ceres, the largest world in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The spacecraft is approximately 38,000 miles (61,000 kilometers) from Ceres when it is captured by Ceres' gravity. Dawn shows Ceres to be a heavily cratered world that was geologically active in the recent past, with many intriguing features such as a tall isolated mountain and numerous patches of bright material.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":342},"https://science.nasa.gov/mission/dawn/","Dawn Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":345,"heading":346,"date":347,"displayDate":348,"milestoneLabel":349,"image":350,"thumbnailImage":357,"backgroundImage":47,"description":360,"milestoneLink":361,"milestoneLinkLabel":364,"embed":47},"d4f71785-93ee-4302-aacb-3fcc3697fd52","First Discovery of an Ultraluminous Pulsar","2014-10-08","October 8, 2014","NuStar",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":351,"original":352,"src":353,"title":355,"alt":12,"caption":356,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.width-1280.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.width-1320.jpg 1024w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/nustar_artistconcept.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":354,"width":24,"height":34},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.width-1024.jpg","Artist's concept of NuSTAR on orbit","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"7jdxe\">Artist's concept of NuSTAR on orbit.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":358},{"__typename":22,"url":359,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nustar_artistconcept.dd2df326.fill-122x122-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"vw7gz\">Astronomers using the NuSTAR high-energy space telescope detect a pulsating, dead star beaming with the energy of about 10 million Suns. This is the brightest pulsar -- a dense stellar remnant left over from a supernova explosion -- ever recorded. The pulsar, which is named M82 X-2, is 12 million light-years away from Earth, in a galaxy called Messier 82.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":362,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":363},"/home/missions/nuclear-spectroscopic-telescope-array-nustar/","NuSTAR Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":366,"heading":367,"date":368,"displayDate":369,"milestoneLabel":370,"image":371,"thumbnailImage":379,"backgroundImage":382,"description":387,"milestoneLink":388,"milestoneLinkLabel":391,"embed":47},"98578915-cc85-4726-9afc-39d86606d7ba","First High-Precision Global Measurements of Carbon Dioxide","2014-08-06","August 6, 2014","OCO-2",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":372,"original":373,"src":374,"title":376,"alt":377,"caption":377,"credit":46,"detailUrl":378},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA17800.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":375,"width":24,"height":24},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.width-1024.jpg","OCO-2 in Space","Artist's rendering of NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO)-2, one of five new NASA Earth science missions set to launch in 2014, and one of three managed by JPL.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia17800-oco-2-in-space",{"__typename":19,"src":380},{"__typename":22,"url":381,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17800.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":383,"src":385},{"__typename":22,"url":384,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA18934.origina-adjl.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":386,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA18934.origina-adjl.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"vw7gz\">The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) is NASA's first spacecraft dedicated to studying atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is the leading human-produced greenhouse gas responsible for warming our world. OCO-2 collects its first measurements on Aug. 6, as it flies over central Papua New Guinea and goes on to return almost a million measurements each day. These data are analyzed by scientists around the world to identify the sources emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the natural processes at Earth’s surface that are currently absorbing almost half of the carbon dioxide emitted by human activities. This information is crucial for understanding how rapidly the concentration of this gas will increase in the future as the global carbon cycle responds to climate change.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":389,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":390},"/home/missions/orbiting-carbon-observatory-2-oco-2/","OCO-2 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":393,"heading":394,"date":395,"displayDate":396,"milestoneLabel":397,"image":398,"thumbnailImage":408,"backgroundImage":411,"description":416,"milestoneLink":417,"milestoneLinkLabel":419,"embed":47},"946eda09-88cd-4e40-8b65-5b3d0cbf9e65","First Sample Drilling on Mars","2013-02-08","February 8, 2013","Mars Curiosity Rover",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":399,"original":400,"src":401,"title":404,"alt":405,"caption":405,"credit":406,"detailUrl":407},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.width-1320_1KcXndv.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA16726.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":402,"width":24,"height":403},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.width-1024.jpg","748","Curiosity's First Sample Drilling","At the center of this image from NASA's Curiosity rover is the hole in a rock called 'John Klein' where the rover conducted its first sample drilling on Mars.","NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia16726-curiositys-first-sample-drilling",{"__typename":19,"src":409},{"__typename":22,"url":410,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16726.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":412,"src":414},{"__typename":22,"url":413,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16763.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":415,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA16763.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"0b9fh\">NASA's Curiosity rover bores into a flat, veiny, sedimentary rock on Mars to collect a sample from its interior. An analysis of this rock sample in Gale Crater shows that ancient Mars could have supported living microbes. Rock powder collected by the drill was delivered into onboard laboratory instruments, which detected the key chemical ingredients for life, as well as the kind of energy gradient many microbes on Earth exploit to live. This site was once the bed of an ancient, freshwater lake.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":418},"http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/","Curiosity Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":421,"heading":422,"date":423,"displayDate":424,"milestoneLabel":425,"image":426,"thumbnailImage":434,"backgroundImage":437,"description":442,"milestoneLink":443,"milestoneLinkLabel":445,"embed":446},"276ab873-c51f-417c-9183-f7fdf029dfd0","First High-Resolution Gravity Map of the Moon","2012-12-05","December 5, 2012","GRAIL",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":427,"original":428,"src":429,"title":431,"alt":12,"caption":432,"credit":433,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":430,"width":24,"height":34},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail20121205-43.width-1024.jpg","NASA's GRAIL Creates Most Accurate Moon Gravity Map","This movie shows the variations in the lunar gravity field as measured by NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) during the primary mapping mission from March to May 2012. Very precise microwave measurements between two spacecraft, named Ebb and Flow, were used to map gravity with high precision and high spatial resolution.\u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/?id=1166\">› Play video\u003C/a>","NASA/JPL-Caltech/MIT/GSFC",{"__typename":19,"src":435},{"__typename":22,"url":436,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgrail20121205grail201212.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":438,"src":440},{"__typename":22,"url":439,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12009.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":441,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12009.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"0b9fh\">The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission uses twin NASA probes orbiting Earth's Moon to generate the most detailed gravity field map of any celestial body. The data reveal an abundance of features never before seen in detail, including tectonic structures, volcanic landforms, basin rings, crater central peaks and numerous simple, bowl-shaped craters. They also show that changes in the Moon's gravity field sync up with surface topography features. Using techniques similar to the GRACE mission circling Earth, GRAIL's twin spacecraft fly in formation, allowing scientists to use the changing distances between them as a way to discern areas of greater and lesser gravity on the Moon.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":444},"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/gravity-recovery-and-interior-laboratory-grail","GRAIL Mission Page",{"__typename":86,"embed":447},"\u003Ciframe width=\"200\" height=\"113\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/DxYfYiaqWrw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"GRAIL's Gravity Tour of the Moon\">\u003C/iframe>",{"__typename":52,"id":449,"heading":450,"date":451,"displayDate":452,"milestoneLabel":453,"image":454,"thumbnailImage":462,"backgroundImage":465,"description":470,"milestoneLink":471,"milestoneLinkLabel":473,"embed":47},"81881675-5c10-4641-bc7b-d553caf867d5","First Spacecraft to Enter Interstellar Space","2012-08-25","August 25, 2012","Voyager 1",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":455,"original":456,"src":457,"title":459,"alt":460,"caption":460,"credit":46,"detailUrl":461},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA22835.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":458,"width":24,"height":145},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.width-1024.jpg","Two Interstellar Travelers","This graphic shows the position of NASA's Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes, outside of the heliosphere, a protective bubble created by the Sun that extends well past the orbit of Pluto.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia22835-two-interstellar-travelers",{"__typename":19,"src":463},{"__typename":22,"url":464,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA22835.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":466,"src":468},{"__typename":22,"url":467,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1-Voyager_2-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":469,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/1-Voyager_2-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"0b9fh\">A chance burst of material from the Sun, which makes the environment around Voyager 1 vibrate, allows the spacecraft to sense that it is in interstellar space, or the space between stars. The pitch of these vibrations -- which Voyager 1 "hears" in April 2013 -- helps scientists extrapolate back to when the spacecraft first crossed over into interstellar space, a denser environment than the one inside the bubble our sun blows around itself. Voyager scientists say the spacecraft left our solar bubble on Aug. 25, 2012, when it was 11.3 billion miles (18.3 billion kilometers) away from the Sun.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":472},"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/","Voyager Mission Site",{"__typename":52,"id":475,"heading":476,"date":477,"displayDate":478,"milestoneLabel":397,"image":479,"thumbnailImage":486,"backgroundImage":489,"description":494,"milestoneLink":495,"milestoneLinkLabel":497,"embed":47},"67bc4311-08bf-4ddb-813e-c12cd00ccfd9","First Skycrane Landing","2012-08-06","August 6, 2012",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":480,"original":481,"src":482,"title":484,"alt":12,"caption":485,"credit":406,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava-.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava-.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava-.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava-web.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":483,"width":24,"height":195},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava.width-1024.jpg","PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-selfie-at-Cheyava-web","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"n3nda\">Figure A is a version of the selfie in which the rover is looking down at Cheyava Falls.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":487},{"__typename":22,"url":488,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/PIA26344-Fig-A-Perseverance-se.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":490,"src":492},{"__typename":22,"url":491,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14839.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":493,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14839.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"0b9fh\">As rovers get bigger and bigger, landing them gets tougher. That becomes the challenge for the engineers designing the Curiosity rover, the largest and most technologically advanced Mars rover ever built. Too big to land using the airbags that were successful on previous Mars rover missions, Curiosity calls for something new. So engineers come up with a novel system called the Sky Crane to lower the car-size rover to the Martian surface. While gasp-inducing with its system of rockets and a bungee-like umbilical cord, the Sky Crane precisely delivers Curiosity to the surface of the Red Planet before flying off to crash safely in the distance. The elegant touchdown, which allows for zero margin of error, is a seminal moment for the rover mission designed to investigate whether Mars has ever offered an environment favorable for microbial life.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":496},"https://science.nasa.gov/mission/msl-curiosity/","Mars Science Laboratory Mission Site",{"__typename":52,"id":499,"heading":500,"date":501,"displayDate":502,"milestoneLabel":503,"image":504,"thumbnailImage":506,"backgroundImage":508,"description":513,"milestoneLink":514,"milestoneLinkLabel":364,"embed":47},"4e6f30b8-7250-4fd0-91cf-5324bea7573f","First Focused Images of the High-Energy Universe from an Orbiting Telescope","2012-06-28","June 28, 2012","NuSTAR Mission",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":351,"original":352,"src":505,"title":355,"alt":12,"caption":356,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},{"__typename":22,"url":354,"width":24,"height":34},{"__typename":19,"src":507},{"__typename":22,"url":359,"width":70,"height":70},{"__typename":19,"screenMd":509,"src":511},{"__typename":22,"url":510,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/galcenter_nustar.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":512,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/galcenter_nustar.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"0b9fh\">With the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), astronomers gain the ability to see sharp images of the high energy X-ray sky. NuSTAR's eyes can see through gas and dust to reveal black holes lurking in our Milky Way galaxy, as well as those hidden in the hearts of faraway galaxies. Among the first images from NuSTAR is a picture of Cygnus X-1, a black hole in our Milky Way that is siphoning gas off a giant-star companion. Finding these most elusive and energetic black holes helps scientists understand the structure of the universe.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":515,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":363},{"__typename":52,"id":517,"heading":518,"date":519,"displayDate":520,"milestoneLabel":12,"image":521,"thumbnailImage":530,"backgroundImage":533,"description":538,"milestoneLink":539,"milestoneLinkLabel":542,"embed":47},"b77f02e5-5bd2-43ed-a6ad-76701ae7fd95","First Twin “Formation-Flying” Spacecraft at Another World","2012-01-01","January 1, 2012",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":522,"original":523,"src":524,"title":526,"alt":527,"caption":527,"credit":528,"detailUrl":529},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA13965.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":525,"width":24,"height":63},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.width-1024.jpg","GRAIL Spacecraft Over the Moon (Artist's Concept)","An artist's depiction of the twin spacecraft (Ebb and Flow) that comprise NASA's GRAIL mission. As 'Ebb and Flow' fly over areas of greater and lesser gravity surface features can influence the distance between the two spacecraft.","NASA/JPL-Caltech/MIT","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia13965-grail-spacecraft-over-the-moon-artists-concept",{"__typename":19,"src":531},{"__typename":22,"url":532,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13965.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":534,"src":536},{"__typename":22,"url":535,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13956.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":537,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA13956.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"itetz\">The twin spacecraft of NASA's GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) mission go into orbit around the Moon on Dec. 31, 2011 and Jan. 1, 2012. 2011. GRAIL's mission is to study the internal structure and composition of the Moon in unprecedented detail by measuring and mapping variations in the Moon's gravitational field. The two spacecraft -- GRAIL A (Ebb) and GRAIL B (Flow) -- fly one behind the other, with the distance between them changing slightly as they fly over areas of greater and lesser gravity. They are built upon the successful GRACE mission at Earth, which used two satellites to map Earth's gravitational field. Eventually, GRAIL generates the highest-resolution gravity field map of any celestial body and reveals an abundance of features never before seen in detail (including tectonic structures, volcanic landforms and basin rings).\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":540,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":541},"/home/missions/gravity-recovery-and-interior-laboratory-grail/","GRAIL Mission",{"__typename":52,"id":544,"heading":545,"date":546,"displayDate":547,"milestoneLabel":548,"image":549,"thumbnailImage":556,"backgroundImage":559,"description":564,"milestoneLink":565,"milestoneLinkLabel":567,"embed":47},"2668a174-dd83-478a-a44a-30c333adf7af","First Detection of Earth-Sized Exoplanet","2011-12-20","December 20, 2011","Kepler Mission",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":550,"original":551,"src":552,"title":555,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.width-320.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.width-640.png 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.width-768.png 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.width-1024.png 850w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.width-1280.png 850w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.width-1320.png 850w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.png",{"__typename":22,"url":553,"width":554,"height":554},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmVGD.width-1024.png","850","74-mission-past-Kepler_0",{"__typename":19,"src":557},{"__typename":22,"url":558,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/74-mission-past-Kepler_0_aNGmV.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":560,"src":562},{"__typename":22,"url":561,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14888.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":563,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14888.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"itetz\">The first Earth-size planets orbiting a sun-like star outside our solar system are discovered by Kepler, a spacecraft developed by JPL and later managed by NASA's Ames Research Center designed to study exoplanets. The planets announced in this discovery, called Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, are too close to their star to be in the so-called habitable zone where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface, but they are the smallest exoplanets ever confirmed around a star like our Sun. Scientists view the discovery as an important milestone in the ultimate search for planets like Earth.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":566},"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/kepler","Kepler Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":569,"heading":570,"date":571,"displayDate":572,"milestoneLabel":573,"image":574,"thumbnailImage":582,"backgroundImage":585,"description":590,"milestoneLink":591,"milestoneLinkLabel":593,"embed":47},"ef94ff37-e553-4b1c-aef2-468d2d8f4d39","First Detection of Earth Trojan Asteroid","2011-07-27","July 27, 2011","WISE Mission",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":575,"original":576,"src":577,"title":581,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.width-768.jpg 716w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.width-1024.jpg 716w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.width-1280.jpg 716w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.width-1320.jpg 716w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/WISE.original.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":578,"width":579,"height":580},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.width-1024.jpg","716","715","WISE.original",{"__typename":19,"src":583},{"__typename":22,"url":584,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/WISE.original.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":586,"src":588},{"__typename":22,"url":587,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/asteroid20161103-16_3.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":589,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/asteroid20161103-16_3.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"itetz\">Astronomers studying observations taken by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, mission discover the first known "Trojan" asteroid orbiting the Sun along with Earth. Trojans are asteroids that share an orbit with a planet near stable points in front of or behind the planet. Because they constantly lead or follow in the same orbit as the planet, they never can collide with it. In our solar system, Trojans also share orbits with Neptune, Mars and Jupiter. Two of Saturn's moons share orbits with Trojans. Scientists had predicted Earth should have Trojans, but they have been difficult to find because they are relatively small and appear near the Sun from Earth's point of view.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":592},"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/wide-field-infrared-survey-explorer-wise","WISE Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":595,"heading":596,"date":597,"displayDate":598,"milestoneLabel":321,"image":599,"thumbnailImage":601,"backgroundImage":603,"description":608,"milestoneLink":609,"milestoneLinkLabel":343,"embed":47},"8f68b19d-72fa-4847-a569-76c1970df647","First Protoplanet Orbiter","2011-07-15","July 15, 2011",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":323,"original":324,"src":600,"title":328,"alt":329,"caption":329,"credit":330,"detailUrl":331},{"__typename":22,"url":326,"width":24,"height":327},{"__typename":19,"src":602},{"__typename":22,"url":334,"width":70,"height":70},{"__typename":19,"screenMd":604,"src":606},{"__typename":22,"url":605,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14700.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":607,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA14700.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"x4hiv\">Getting in and out of orbit around a planet takes a lot of energy. But the job is easier when you're talking about a smaller object, such as a protoplanet. Taking advantage of ion propulsion, the Dawn spacecraft slips into orbit around the giant asteroid Vesta as the first of two objects it will orbit in the main asteroid belt. After spending more than a year at Vesta, Dawn will continue on to orbit the dwarf planet Ceres.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":342},{"__typename":52,"id":611,"heading":612,"date":613,"displayDate":614,"milestoneLabel":615,"image":616,"thumbnailImage":624,"backgroundImage":627,"description":632,"milestoneLink":633,"milestoneLinkLabel":635,"embed":47},"2b651077-ff83-4a0f-b36b-88ea08e1c72d","First Images of Extraterrestrial Lakes and Seas","2006-07-22","July 22, 2006","Cassini-Huygens Mission",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":617,"original":618,"src":619,"title":622,"alt":12,"caption":623,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":620,"width":24,"height":621},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.width-1024.jpg","997","Phoenix Rasps Frozen Layer, Collects Sample","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"dy74w\">This image, taken by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander's Surface Stereo Imager on Sol 50, or the 50th day of the mission, July 15, 2008, shows two holes at the top created by the lander's Robotic Arm's motorized rasp tool. \u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/phoenix/images.php?fileID=14825\">Full image and caption\u003C/a>\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":625},{"__typename":22,"url":626,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09102.original_adj-.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":628,"src":630},{"__typename":22,"url":629,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA20016.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":631,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA20016.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"x4hiv\">When the Cassini spacecraft trains its radar instrument on the north polar region on Saturn's largest moon Titan, scientists see dark, smooth-looking patches that provide the first definitive evidence of bodies of liquid on a world other than Earth. More than 75 of these seas and lakes appear in the images of Titan, ranging from 1.8 to 43 miles (3 to 70 kilometers) across. These lakes and seas are not filled with water, but liquid hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":634},"https://science.nasa.gov/mission/cassini/","Cassini-Huygens Mission Site",{"__typename":52,"id":637,"heading":638,"date":639,"displayDate":640,"milestoneLabel":641,"image":642,"thumbnailImage":649,"backgroundImage":652,"description":657,"milestoneLink":658,"milestoneLinkLabel":660,"embed":47},"6b47ea19-f7e3-4c39-a67d-60441a2afa55","First Vertical Profiles of Earth’s Clouds from Orbit","2006-05-20","May 20, 2006","CloudSat",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":643,"original":644,"src":645,"title":648,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.width-1024.jpg 900w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.width-1280.jpg 900w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.width-1320.jpg 900w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":646,"width":647,"height":647},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJtXwxB.width-1024.jpg","900","09-mission-current-cloudsat",{"__typename":19,"src":650},{"__typename":22,"url":651,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/09-mission-current-cloudsat_NJ.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":653,"src":655},{"__typename":22,"url":654,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23359.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":656,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23359.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"7lj8m\">NASA's CloudSat satellite begins revealing never-before-seen 3-D details about clouds as it sends back its first pictures from orbit. Among those first images are a top-to-bottom slice of a warm storm front over the North Sea and clouds over Alaska. CloudSat data allow scientists to peer into the clouds and see their layered complexity, their ice and water composition, and production of rain and snowfall. These measurements improve our understanding of the role clouds play in Earth's complicated climate system. CloudSat provides profiles of clouds during hurricanes and thunderstorms so scientists can learn more about the origin and development of extreme weather events.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":659},"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/cloudsat","CloudSat Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":662,"heading":663,"date":664,"displayDate":665,"milestoneLabel":666,"image":667,"thumbnailImage":677,"backgroundImage":680,"description":685,"milestoneLink":686,"milestoneLinkLabel":689,"embed":47},"610d8d80-b80c-4801-861a-b2e4c624b7e5","First Comet Sample","2006-01-15","January 15, 2006","Stardust",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":668,"original":669,"src":670,"title":673,"alt":674,"caption":674,"credit":675,"detailUrl":676},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.width-768.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.width-1024.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.width-1280.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.width-1320.jpg 640w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA03182.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":671,"width":31,"height":672},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.width-1024.jpg","354","Stardust Spacecraft (Artist's Concept)","Artist's rendering of NASA's Stardust spacecraft. The spacecraft was launched on February 7, 1999, from Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida, aboard a Delta II rocket.","NASA/JPL","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia03182-stardust-spacecraft-artists-concept",{"__typename":19,"src":678},{"__typename":22,"url":679,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03182.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":681,"src":683},{"__typename":22,"url":682,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03669.a12d4916.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":684,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03669.a12d4916.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"7lj8m\">A landing on a Utah desert marks the delivery to Earth of a sample of cometary material, the prime objective of the Stardust mission. The material is collected in 2004, when the spacecraft makes a close flyby of comet Wild-2 gathering cometary and interstellar dust in a substance called aerogel. Scientists say the samples indicate that some comets may contain materials ejected from the early Sun and may have formed very differently than previously thought.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":687,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":688},"/home/missions/stardust/","Stardust Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":691,"heading":692,"date":693,"displayDate":694,"milestoneLabel":695,"image":696,"thumbnailImage":705,"backgroundImage":708,"description":713,"milestoneLink":714,"milestoneLinkLabel":717,"embed":47},"d41cf722-5e94-4610-8e52-a2db1f82bc86","First Spacecraft to Impact Comet","2005-07-04","July 4, 2005","Deep Impact",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":697,"original":698,"src":699,"title":702,"alt":12,"caption":703,"credit":704,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.width-768.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.width-1024.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.width-1280.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.width-1320.jpg 640w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":700,"width":31,"height":701},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi20100625-browse.width-1024.jpg","350","Deep Impact Spacecraft Completes Rocket Burn","Artist's concept of NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft.","NASA/JPL-Caltech.",{"__typename":19,"src":706},{"__typename":22,"url":707,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesepoxi20100625epoxi201006.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":709,"src":711},{"__typename":22,"url":710,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07923.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":712,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07923.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"90vey\">If you want to see inside a comet, what about blasting a hole in it? That is the premise of Deep Impact, which spends 172 days and 268 million miles traveling to comet Tempel 1, where it releases an impactor that hits the comet nucleus. The collision generates a brilliant flash of light even brighter than expected, as ice and dust debris is ejected from the fresh impact crater. After flying by Earth in 2006, Deep Impact goes on to study extrasolar planets and, in 2010, conducts a flyby of comet Hartley.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":715,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":716},"/home/missions/deep-impact/","Deep Impact Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":719,"heading":720,"date":721,"displayDate":722,"milestoneLabel":272,"image":723,"thumbnailImage":731,"backgroundImage":734,"description":739,"milestoneLink":740,"milestoneLinkLabel":743,"embed":47},"41cea093-8a1d-4c2d-96ce-b229201a2c1b","First Direct Detection of Light From Exoplanet","2005-03-22","March 22, 2005",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":724,"original":725,"src":726,"title":728,"alt":729,"caption":729,"credit":46,"detailUrl":730},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA23643.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":727,"width":24,"height":145},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.width-1024.jpg","Spitzer Space Telescope (Illustration)","In this artist's rendering of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope in space, the background is shown in infrared light.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia23643-spitzer-space-telescope-illustration",{"__typename":19,"src":732},{"__typename":22,"url":733,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23643.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":735,"src":737},{"__typename":22,"url":736,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09200.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":738,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09200.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"f244l\">Finding and studying planets orbiting other stars has been a gradual process, advancing incrementally as observational tools have progressed. In a major advance, the infrared Spitzer Space Telescope for the first time captures the light from two known planets orbiting stars other than our Sun. Previously, all confirmed extrasolar planets had been discovered indirectly, by detecting how exoplanets cause their parent stars to wobble slightly or by measuring changes in the star's brightness as planets move in front of it. In new studies, Spitzer directly observes the warm infrared glows of two previously detected "hot Jupiter" planets, designated HD 209458b and TrES-1. The achievement caps a nearly 10-year search by astronomers since exoplanets were first discovered.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":741,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":742},"/home/missions/spitzer-space-telescope/","Spitzer Space Telescope Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":745,"heading":746,"date":747,"displayDate":748,"milestoneLabel":245,"image":749,"thumbnailImage":759,"backgroundImage":762,"description":767,"milestoneLink":768,"milestoneLinkLabel":771,"embed":47},"86b3ebf5-e05b-46b2-b468-01207b1100af","First Hint of an Ocean at Saturn's Moon Enceladus","2005-02-16","February 16, 2005",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":750,"original":751,"src":752,"title":756,"alt":757,"caption":757,"credit":226,"detailUrl":758},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.width-768.jpg 659w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.width-1024.jpg 659w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.width-1280.jpg 659w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.width-1320.jpg 659w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA08386.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":753,"width":754,"height":755},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.width-1024.jpg","659","752","Jet Blue","Views like this help identify the source locations for individual jets spurting ice particles, water vapor and trace organic compounds from the surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus. This false-color view was captured by NASA's Cassini spacecraft.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia08386-jet-blue",{"__typename":19,"src":760},{"__typename":22,"url":761,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA08386.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":763,"src":765},{"__typename":22,"url":764,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07800.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":766,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA07800.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"awyup\">The magnetometer aboard NASA's robotic Cassini spacecraft discovers something—perhaps an atmosphere—is distorting Saturn's magnetic field around Enceladus, a small, icy moon of Saturn barely 300 miles (500 kilometers) in diameter. Follow-up investigation with Cassini reveals an unexpectedly active south pole—towering jets of icy spray and, under the moon's icy crust, a global liquid water ocean with salts, simple organic molecules, and likely hydrothermal vents. Enceladus turns out to be one of the most promising places in our solar system to search for present-day life beyond Earth.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":769,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":770},"/home/missions/cassini-huygens/","Cassini Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":773,"heading":774,"date":775,"displayDate":776,"milestoneLabel":777,"image":778,"thumbnailImage":787,"backgroundImage":790,"description":795,"milestoneLink":796,"milestoneLinkLabel":799,"embed":47},"23dcfa67-1b26-48c8-a0ee-0e9d6db9ad11","First Solar Wind Sample From Solar Orbit","2004-09-08","September 8, 2004","Genesis",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":779,"original":780,"src":781,"title":785,"alt":12,"caption":786,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.width-1024.jpg 1000w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.width-1280.jpg 1000w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.width-1320_7w2zDzu.jpg 1000w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":782,"width":783,"height":784},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.width-1024.jpg","1000","745","Genesis Spacecraft","Artist's rendering of the Genesis spacecraft during the collection phase of its mission to return samples of the solar wind to Earth.\u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/web/genesis.jpg\">› Larger view\u003C/a>",{"__typename":19,"src":788},{"__typename":22,"url":789,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebgenesis_i0SDszF.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":791,"src":793},{"__typename":22,"url":792,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sun_pia03149-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.png",{"__typename":22,"url":794,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sun_pia03149-copy.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"o61xq\">The interstellar stuff that provided the building blocks for the solar system billions of years ago was relatively homogenous – a simple cloud of interstellar gas, dust and ice. Yet the most striking feature of our solar system today is the great diversity among its planets, moons, asteroids and comets. How did that come to be? Answering that question becomes the goal of the Genesis mission, which sends a spacecraft to a gravitationally stable point between Earth and Sun to collect samples of the solar wind – particles that continuously stream outward from the Sun – and bring them to Earth for analysis. The sample return capsule's landing in Utah turns out harder than planned when its parachute doesn't open, yet many sample collectors are successfully recovered. Researchers spend years analyzing the samples, and in 2011 announce that they show the Sun and inner planets formed out of different basic materials.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":797,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":798},"/home/missions/genesis/","Genesis Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":801,"heading":802,"date":803,"displayDate":804,"milestoneLabel":245,"image":805,"thumbnailImage":815,"backgroundImage":818,"description":823,"milestoneLink":824,"milestoneLinkLabel":771,"embed":47},"ada5e75c-3da1-44e8-90ca-02e75c7481c1","First Saturn Orbiter","2004-06-30","June 30, 2004",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":806,"original":807,"src":808,"title":812,"alt":813,"caption":813,"credit":46,"detailUrl":814},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.width-320.jpg 313w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.width-640.jpg 313w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.width-768.jpg 313w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.width-1024.jpg 313w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.width-1280.jpg 313w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.width-1320.jpg 313w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA04233.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":809,"width":810,"height":811},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.width-1024.jpg","313","345","Artist's Concept of Cassini Spacecraft","Artist's concept of NASA's Cassini spacecraft from December, 2002.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia04233-artists-concept-of-cassini-spacecraft",{"__typename":19,"src":816},{"__typename":22,"url":817,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04233.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":819,"src":821},{"__typename":22,"url":820,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21046.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":822,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21046.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"kks0i\">With a 96-minute burn of its main engines, Cassini becomes the first spacecraft to orbit the ringed planet Saturn, going on to execute numerous flybys of Saturn's scientifically rich moons. Cassini's observations at Saturn's moon Enceladus, for example, reveal an icy plume shooting from the moon's surface and inspire further investigations into the possibility that life could exist there. In 2005, Cassini delivers its European-built Huygens probe equipped with six instruments to the surface of Titan to study the giant haze-enshrouded moon. The Huygens investigations along with Cassini's flybys uncover methane lakes, hydrocarbon sand dunes and an internal liquid water-ammonia ocean on Titan.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":825,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":770},{"__typename":52,"id":827,"heading":828,"date":829,"displayDate":830,"milestoneLabel":831,"image":832,"thumbnailImage":841,"backgroundImage":844,"description":849,"milestoneLink":850,"milestoneLinkLabel":852,"embed":47},"14337203-fa05-48f4-9fa9-6cf18350ddb7","First Long-Range Mars Rovers","2004-01-03","January 3 & 24, 2004","Spirit and Opportunity",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":833,"original":834,"src":835,"title":838,"alt":12,"caption":839,"credit":840,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":836,"width":24,"height":837},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.width-1024.jpg","819","Mars Exploration Rover","An artist's concept portrays a NASA Mars Exploration Rover on the surface of Mars.\u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/web/mer.jpg\">› Larger view\u003C/a>","NASA/JPL/Cornell University",{"__typename":19,"src":842},{"__typename":22,"url":843,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmer_cMTGwaG.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":845,"src":847},{"__typename":22,"url":846,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA05136.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":848,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA05136.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"5bx99\">Launched on June 10 and July 7, 2003, Spirit and Opportunity, two Mars rovers capable of operating independently of their landers, arrive at Mars three weeks apart in January 2004, beginning their planned 90-day investigations of Mars' climate and water history. Exploring on opposite sides of the planet, the robotic geologists equipped with cameras, a microscopic imager and other tools far outlast their life expectancy, journeying more than 25 miles (43 kilometers) combined, and discover signs of a once wet Mars. Opportunity also finds strong evidence that conditions on the Red Planet could have been suitable for sustaining microbial life.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":851},"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions?query=spirit%20opportunity&page=1","Spirit and Opportunity Mission Pages",{"__typename":52,"id":854,"heading":855,"date":856,"displayDate":857,"milestoneLabel":858,"image":859,"thumbnailImage":869,"backgroundImage":872,"description":877,"milestoneLink":878,"milestoneLinkLabel":881,"embed":47},"d35acbff-d872-43f4-9e55-8afb46a79106","First Detection of Frozen Water Beneath the Surface of Mars","2002-05-28","May 28, 2002","Mars Odyssey",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":860,"original":861,"src":862,"title":865,"alt":866,"caption":867,"credit":46,"detailUrl":868},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA04244.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":863,"width":24,"height":864},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.width-1024.jpg","832","Artist's Concept of Mars Odyssey","Artist's concept of 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft.","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"8bh2k\">Artist's concept of 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft.\u003C/p>","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia04244-artists-concept-of-mars-odyssey",{"__typename":19,"src":870},{"__typename":22,"url":871,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04244.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":873,"src":875},{"__typename":22,"url":874,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03800.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":876,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03800.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"7o4qs\">Launched in 2001, NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter detects copious hydrogen just beneath much of the Martian surface, which scientists interpret as enough frozen water to fill Lake Michigan twice. The hydrogen abundance is mapped with Odyssey's Gamma Ray Spectrometer suite of instruments. This finding leads to a follow-up mission, NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander, which in 2008 confirms and analyzes frozen water scooped from beneath a few inches of soil. Odyssey goes on to set longevity records: In December 2010, it becomes the longest-active Mars mission and continues to set a new record every day since.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":879,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":880},"/home/missions/mars-odyssey/","Mars Odyssey Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":883,"heading":884,"date":885,"displayDate":886,"milestoneLabel":887,"image":888,"thumbnailImage":890,"backgroundImage":892,"description":897,"milestoneLink":898,"milestoneLinkLabel":901,"embed":47},"af47bf90-7ea5-45a5-ac23-05f7e3b0fc98","First Measurements of Earth’s Shifting Water","2002-04-04","April 4, 2002","GRACE",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":191,"original":192,"src":889,"title":196,"alt":197,"caption":197,"credit":198,"detailUrl":199},{"__typename":22,"url":194,"width":24,"height":195},{"__typename":19,"src":891},{"__typename":22,"url":202,"width":70,"height":70},{"__typename":19,"screenMd":893,"src":895},{"__typename":22,"url":894,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgracefo20200318gracefo20.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":896,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesgracefo20200318gracefo20.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"lml0v\">The twin satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, precisely measure the effects of shifting water on Earth’s gravity field, and map the transfer of water within and among land masses, oceans and ice sheets. A partnership between NASA and the German Aerospace Center, GRACE measures Earth’s gravity field by tracking the separation between the two satellites with an accuracy of less than a few tenths of the width of a human hair. The mission improves scientists’ understanding of how oceans circulate, how water is stored on land and how glaciers change. Grace also lays the groundwork for NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission, which maps the moon’s gravitational field.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":899,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":900},"/home/missions/gravity-recovery-and-climate-experiment-follow-on-grace-fo/","GRACE Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":903,"heading":904,"date":905,"displayDate":906,"milestoneLabel":907,"image":908,"thumbnailImage":917,"backgroundImage":920,"description":925,"milestoneLink":926,"milestoneLinkLabel":929,"embed":47},"00a95d1f-4579-4edc-a4f1-c8a05a12c906","First Topographic Map of Earth From Space","2000-02-11","February 11, 2000","Shuttle Radar Topography",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":909,"original":910,"src":911,"title":915,"alt":12,"caption":916,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.width-640.jpg 580w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.width-768.jpg 580w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.width-1024.jpg 580w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.width-1280.jpg 580w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.width-1320.jpg 580w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":912,"width":913,"height":914},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.width-1024.jpg","580","440","Artist's concept of SRTM","Looking into Shuttle payload bay, view of SRTM. Courtesy of DLR, German Aerospace Center.\u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/web/srtm.jpg\">› Larger view\u003C/a>",{"__typename":19,"src":918},{"__typename":22,"url":919,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsrtm_qKSPlhY.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":921,"src":923},{"__typename":22,"url":922,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04950.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":924,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04950.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"6iy5n\">During an 11-day journey aboard the space shuttle Endeavour, the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission sweeps Earth's surface with a specialized radar to capture the first detailed topographic maps of the planet from space. The digital images are later refined and combined to create the first-ever digital elevation map of Earth. Diverse industries benefit from the data, which offer a much more accurate and standardized view of Earth than anything before it.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":927,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":928},"/home/missions/shuttle-radar-topography-mission-srtm/","Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":931,"heading":932,"date":933,"displayDate":934,"milestoneLabel":935,"image":936,"thumbnailImage":945,"backgroundImage":948,"description":953,"milestoneLink":954,"milestoneLinkLabel":957,"embed":47},"d972dd5c-f2d5-4a2b-9a84-bd4be0b64a2e","First Ion Engine on Planetary Spacecraft","1998-10-24","October 24, 1998","Deep Space 1",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":937,"original":938,"src":939,"title":942,"alt":943,"caption":943,"credit":675,"detailUrl":944},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.width-1280.jpg 1277w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.width-1320.jpg 1277w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA04242.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":940,"width":24,"height":941},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.width-1024.jpg","821","Artist's Concept of Deep Space 1","Artist's concept of the Deep Space 1 spacecraft from December, 2002.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia04242-artists-concept-of-deep-space-1",{"__typename":19,"src":946},{"__typename":22,"url":947,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04242.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":949,"src":951},{"__typename":22,"url":950,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03500.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":952,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA03500.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"zkt0l\">Deep Space 1 is launched as a technology demonstration under NASA's New Millennium program designed to flight-test new technologies. It is the first interplanetary spacecraft to use ion propulsion, gently thrusting as it flies toward its flyby target, the asteroid 9969 Braille. In an extended mission, Deep Space 1 flies by the comet Borrelly.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":955,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":956},"/home/missions/deep-space-1-ds1/","Deep Space 1 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":959,"heading":960,"date":961,"displayDate":962,"milestoneLabel":963,"image":964,"thumbnailImage":972,"backgroundImage":975,"description":980,"milestoneLink":981,"milestoneLinkLabel":984,"embed":47},"181a8746-1696-4256-9757-f4ef247e1e18","First Successful Planetary Rover","1997-07-04","July 4, 1997","Mars Pathfinder",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":965,"original":966,"src":967,"title":970,"alt":12,"caption":971,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.width-1280.jpg 1276w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.width-1320.jpg 1276w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/Sojourner.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":968,"width":24,"height":969},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.width-1024.jpg","942","Sojourner","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"8j59q\">NASA’s Sojourner rover is seen on Mars in 1997 in an image taken by the agency’s Pathfinder lander. The mission was the inspiration for a Hot Wheels set. \u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":973},{"__typename":22,"url":974,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Sojourner.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":976,"src":978},{"__typename":22,"url":977,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01002.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":979,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01002.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"zyugd\">Mars Pathfinder lands on the surface of Mars, carrying the first successful rover to another planet. The Mars Pathfinder mission, designed to demonstrate a low-cost method for delivering a set of science instruments to the Red Planet, is the first wheeled vehicle to be used on any other planet in the solar system and serves as the foundation for the Mars rovers of today. The mission is also notable as the first to use airbags to land on another planet. The lander, formally named the Carl Sagan Memorial Station, and the rover, named Sojourner, both outlive their design lives -- the lander by nearly three times and the rover by 12 times.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":982,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":983},"/home/missions/mars-pathfinder-sojourner-rover/","Mars Pathfinder Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":986,"heading":987,"date":988,"displayDate":989,"milestoneLabel":990,"image":991,"thumbnailImage":999,"backgroundImage":1002,"description":1007,"milestoneLink":1008,"milestoneLinkLabel":1011,"embed":47},"bf205ae1-e361-4464-8b36-87483f5cf640","First Jupiter Orbiter","1995-12-08","December 8, 1995","Galileo",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":992,"original":993,"src":994,"title":998,"alt":998,"caption":12,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.width-320.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.width-640.png 595w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.width-768.png 595w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.width-1024.png 595w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.width-1280.png 595w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.width-1320.png 595w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.png",{"__typename":22,"url":995,"width":996,"height":997},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.width-1024.png","595","700","Galileo foreground",{"__typename":19,"src":1000},{"__typename":22,"url":1001,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/63-mission-past-Galileo_0.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1003,"src":1005},{"__typename":22,"url":1004,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Jupiter-800h-v2_02.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.png",{"__typename":22,"url":1006,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Jupiter-800h-v2_02.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"qwrkt\">After a five-year voyage, the Galileo spacecraft arrives at Jupiter. Galileo is the first spacecraft to directly measure Jupiter's atmosphere with a descent probe, and conducts long-term observations of the Jovian system. After discoveries including evidence for the existence of a saltwater ocean beneath the Jovian moon Europa's icy surface, extensive volcanic processes on the moon Io and a magnetic field generated by the moon Ganymede, Galileo plunges into Jupiter's atmosphere on September 21, 2003 to prevent an unwanted impact with Europa.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1009,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1010},"/home/missions/galileo/","Galileo Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1013,"heading":1014,"date":1015,"displayDate":1016,"milestoneLabel":1017,"image":1018,"thumbnailImage":1025,"backgroundImage":1028,"description":1033,"milestoneLink":1034,"milestoneLinkLabel":1037,"embed":47},"9c20f2fc-94e0-4ab4-8706-d92b9cffb4c1","First Mission to Use 'Aerobraking' and Crash Intentionally Into a Planet","1993-05-23","May 25, 1993","Magellan",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1019,"original":1020,"src":1021,"title":1023,"alt":1024,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1022,"width":24,"height":24},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original.width-1024.jpg","missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.original","Magellan background",{"__typename":19,"src":1026},{"__typename":22,"url":1027,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmagellan_nJIYlF2.or.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1029,"src":1031},{"__typename":22,"url":1030,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00104.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1032,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00104.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"948sq\">Magellan, a spacecraft with a sophisticated imaging radar that eventually makes the most highly detailed maps of Venus ever captured, is the first spacecraft to test a new maneuvering technique that uses the planet's atmosphere to slow or steer a spacecraft. This technique, known as aerobraking, makes the orbit around Venus more circular so Magellan can collect better gravity data. Flight controllers first attempt the maneuver on May 25, 1993 (after the mission's fourth mapping cycle of Venus) and dip Magellan into Venus's atmosphere on each orbit until Aug. 3, 1993. On Oct. 12, 1994, Magellan also becomes the first spacecraft intentionally crashed into a planet. Flight controllers chose this trajectory so that Magellan could gather valuable data on Venus's atmosphere.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1035,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1036},"/home/missions/magellan/","Magellan Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1039,"heading":1040,"date":1041,"displayDate":1042,"milestoneLabel":990,"image":1043,"thumbnailImage":1050,"backgroundImage":1053,"description":1058,"milestoneLink":1059,"milestoneLinkLabel":1011,"embed":47},"be31bd7f-0b44-4dea-b996-d9bd4a76933c","First Asteroid Flyby","1991-10-29","October 29, 1991",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1044,"original":1045,"src":1046,"title":1049,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.width-1024.jpg 800w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.width-1280.jpg 800w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.width-1320.jpg 800w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/Galileo-white-bg.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1047,"width":1048,"height":1048},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.width-1024.jpg","800","Galileo-white-bg",{"__typename":19,"src":1051},{"__typename":22,"url":1052,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Galileo-white-bg.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1054,"src":1056},{"__typename":22,"url":1055,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00119.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1057,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00119.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"ul95i\">While its ultimate destination is Jupiter and its mysterious moons, the Galileo mission also becomes notable for discoveries during its journey to the gas giant. It is the first spacecraft to visit an asteroid, called Gaspra. Galileo also provides the only close observations of a comet colliding with a planet when it witnesses fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact Jupiter. And its flight past Venus in 1990 yields fascinating infrared images of the planet's clouds. Two years later, Galileo encounters a second asteroid, Ida, and discovers a miniature moonlet orbiting the rocky object, later given the name Dactyl.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1060,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1010},{"__typename":52,"id":1062,"heading":1063,"date":1064,"displayDate":1065,"milestoneLabel":1066,"image":1067,"thumbnailImage":1076,"backgroundImage":1079,"description":1084,"milestoneLink":1085,"milestoneLinkLabel":1088,"embed":47},"3516ac40-8f79-4d3b-b97e-b0009be386c3","First Spacecraft in a Polar Orbit Around the Sun","1990-10-06","October 6, 1990","Ulysses",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1068,"original":1069,"src":1070,"title":1073,"alt":12,"caption":1074,"credit":46,"detailUrl":1075},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/P-33934.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1071,"width":24,"height":1072},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.width-1024.jpg","792","Artist rendering of Ulysses craft in space","\u003Cp>Artist rendering of Ulysses craft in space, flying above Earth.\u003C/p>","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/slice-of-history-ulysses-anniversary",{"__typename":19,"src":1077},{"__typename":22,"url":1078,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/P-33934.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1080,"src":1082},{"__typename":22,"url":1081,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebulysses_09Q1HDm.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1083,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebulysses_09Q1HDm.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"lxyno\">Ulysses is the first mission to survey the space environment above and below the poles of our Sun. A collaboration between NASA and the European Space Agency, Having used Jupiter’s gravity to reach its unique high inclination orbit, Ulysses studies the previously unexplored regions of the Sun's poles. Ulysses eventually completes three full orbits around the Sun and reveals for the first time the 3D character of galactic cosmic radiation, monitors solar wind variation from the poles between solar maximum and minimum, and discovers interstellar dust in the solar system.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1086,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1087},"/home/missions/ulysses/","Ulysses Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1090,"heading":1091,"date":1092,"displayDate":1093,"milestoneLabel":1094,"image":1095,"thumbnailImage":1104,"backgroundImage":1107,"description":1112,"milestoneLink":1113,"milestoneLinkLabel":1116,"embed":47},"45d2f1ba-73ad-4c80-bc24-d46bff191550","First Neptune Flyby","1989-08-25","August 25, 1989","Voyager 2",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1096,"original":1097,"src":1098,"title":1101,"alt":1102,"caption":1102,"credit":675,"detailUrl":1103},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA01492.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1099,"width":24,"height":1100},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.width-1024.jpg","1022","Neptune Full Disk View","The image of Neptune shows the Great Dark Spot and its companion bright smudge; on the west limb the fast moving bright feature called Scooter and the little dark spot are visible in this image obtaind by NASA's Voyager 2.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia01492-neptune-full-disk-view",{"__typename":19,"src":1105},{"__typename":22,"url":1106,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01492.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1108,"src":1110},{"__typename":22,"url":1109,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/43-mission-current-Voyager-1.16589192.fill-346x346-c70.png",{"__typename":22,"url":1111,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/43-mission-current-Voyager-1.16589192.fill-480x480-c70.png","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"7gqjt\">Twelve years after leaving Earth, Voyager 2 makes its closest approach to any planet since starting its journey, flying about 3,000 miles (4,950 kilometers) above the north pole of the planet Neptune. Voyager discovers that Neptune – the eighth and outermost planet from the Sun – has the strongest winds of any planet encountered, even though it receives the least solar energy. The spacecraft's flyby of Neptune sets it on a course below the elliptic plane that will eventually take it beyond the edge of the solar system.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1114,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1115},"/home/missions/voyager-2/","Voyager 2 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1118,"heading":1119,"date":1120,"displayDate":1121,"milestoneLabel":1094,"image":1122,"thumbnailImage":1131,"backgroundImage":47,"description":1134,"milestoneLink":1135,"milestoneLinkLabel":1116,"embed":47},"c0f92f48-48f3-488b-ac38-d96f42054da2","First Uranus Mission","1986-01-24","January 24, 1986",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1123,"original":1124,"src":1125,"title":1128,"alt":1129,"caption":1129,"credit":675,"detailUrl":1130},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA01360.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1126,"width":24,"height":1127},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.width-1024.jpg","607","Uranus, Toward the Planet's Pole of Rotation","These two pictures of Uranus were compiled from images recorded by NASA's Voyager 2 on Jan. 1O, 1986. This view is toward the planet's pole of rotation, which lies just left of center. The image on the right is a false-color image.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia01360-uranus-toward-the-planets-pole-of-rotation",{"__typename":19,"src":1132},{"__typename":22,"url":1133,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA01360.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"pqzmm\">After flying by the planets Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 2 makes history as it executes the first-ever encounter of Uranus, the seventh planet from the Sun. A gas giant, Uranus orbits the Sun 20 times the distance of Earth’s orbit. Resembling a pale blue billiard ball, Uranus is distinctive because its axis of rotation is tilted sideways. Uranus has a retinue of 27 moons, including 10 discovered during the Voyager flyby, as well as a complex system of dark rings.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1136,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1115},{"__typename":52,"id":1138,"heading":1139,"date":1140,"displayDate":1141,"milestoneLabel":1142,"image":1143,"thumbnailImage":1149,"backgroundImage":1152,"description":1157,"milestoneLink":1158,"milestoneLinkLabel":1161,"embed":47},"83c3fea9-75df-4318-99a0-48c570782415","First Infrared Telescope in Space","1983-01-25","January 25, 1983","IRAS",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1144,"original":1145,"src":1146,"title":1148,"alt":12,"caption":47,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.width-768.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.width-1024.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.width-1280.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.width-1320.jpg 640w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/imagesirascraft2-640.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1147,"width":31,"height":701},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.width-1024.jpg","IRAS Data Reveals 2nd Star",{"__typename":19,"src":1150},{"__typename":22,"url":1151,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesirascraft2-640.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1153,"src":1155},{"__typename":22,"url":1154,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12335.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1156,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA12335.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"vm6si\">A joint mission with the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, or IRAS, provides the first infrared look at the sky from space following its launch from California's Vandenberg Air Force Base. Over just 10 months, the space telescope detects about 500,000 infrared sources, doubling the number of cataloged astronomical sources with discoveries of new asteroids and comets, and thousands of variable stars and starburst galaxies, as well as the core of our galaxy, which has never been detected. It also images disks of dust around stars that may be planetary systems in early stages of formation. IRAS paves the way for later space-based infrared observatories such as the Spitzer Space Telescope.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1159,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1160},"/home/missions/infrared-astronomical-satellite-iras/","Infrared Astronomical Satellite",{"__typename":52,"id":1163,"heading":1164,"date":1165,"displayDate":1166,"milestoneLabel":453,"image":1167,"thumbnailImage":1176,"backgroundImage":1179,"description":1184,"milestoneLink":1185,"milestoneLinkLabel":1188,"embed":47},"aefbaf46-5939-48cb-876f-b88a4c99ca54","First Images of Volcanic Plumes on Another World","1979-03-04","March 4, 1979",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1168,"original":1169,"src":1170,"title":1173,"alt":1174,"caption":1174,"credit":46,"detailUrl":1175},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.width-1024.jpg 800w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.width-1280.jpg 800w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.width-1320.jpg 800w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA17036.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1171,"width":1048,"height":1172},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.width-1024.jpg","600","Voyager the Explorer","This artist's concept shows NASA's Voyager spacecraft against a field of stars in the darkness of space as they travel farther away from Earth, on a journey to interstellar space, and will eventually circle around the center of the Milky Way galaxy.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia17036-voyager-the-explorer",{"__typename":19,"src":1177},{"__typename":22,"url":1178,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA17036.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1180,"src":1182},{"__typename":22,"url":1181,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00010.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1183,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00010.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"vrtny\">As the Voyager 1 spacecraft flies by the giant planet Jupiter, it captures a picture of an active volcanic eruption on Jupiter’s moon Io. This discovery is the most surprising finding from Voyager's flyby; volcanism on Io had never been detected from ground-based telescopes or by NASA's Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft that previously flew by Jupiter. The volcano throws solid material upward at speeds of about 1,200 miles per hour, reaching an altitude of 100 miles.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1186,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1187},"/home/missions/voyager-1/","Voyager 1 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1190,"heading":1191,"date":1192,"displayDate":1193,"milestoneLabel":1194,"image":1195,"thumbnailImage":1203,"backgroundImage":1206,"description":1211,"milestoneLink":1212,"milestoneLinkLabel":1215,"embed":47},"53738dc7-ce79-4d4d-a445-0f4641124899","First Oceanographic Satellite","1978-06-27","June 27, 1978","Seasat",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1196,"original":1197,"src":1198,"title":1200,"alt":1201,"caption":1202,"credit":675,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.width-1280.jpg 1131w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.width-1320.jpg 1131w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1199,"width":24,"height":63},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.width-1024.jpg","Artist's concept of Seasat","An illustration of the Seasat satellite orbiting in outer space, with stars in the background.","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"2fef8\">Artist's concept of Seasat.\u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/web/seasat-full.jpg\">› Larger view\u003C/a>\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":1204},{"__typename":22,"url":1205,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebseasat_lB2WWFB.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1207,"src":1209},{"__typename":22,"url":1208,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesearthseasatpia18137-640.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1210,"width":701,"height":701},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesearthseasatpia18137-640.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"341ts\">Taking a leap beyond the weather satellites of the 1960s and 1970s, Seasat becomes the first satellite carrying sophisticated instruments dedicated to studying Earth's oceans. Seasat carries a suite of sensors to make measurements of sea surface height, temperature, vector wind, atmospheric water vapor content, as well as the roughness of the sea surface. These sensors lay the foundation for more optimized measurements developed in ensuing decades. The payload includes the first civilian imaging radar, an instrument used later to study Earth and other planets with great success.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1213,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1214},"/home/missions/seasat/","Seasat Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1217,"heading":1218,"date":1219,"displayDate":1220,"milestoneLabel":1221,"image":1222,"thumbnailImage":1232,"backgroundImage":1235,"description":1240,"milestoneLink":1241,"milestoneLinkLabel":1244,"embed":47},"5f489305-3565-4f39-8f65-0c180f7fba89","First U.S. Spacecraft to Ferry Lander to Mars","1975-08-20","August 20, 1975","Viking 1 Orbiter",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1223,"original":1224,"src":1225,"title":1228,"alt":1229,"caption":1229,"credit":1230,"detailUrl":1231},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA09703.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1226,"width":24,"height":1227},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.width-1024.jpg","825","Viking Lander Model","NASA's Viking Project found a place in history when it became the first U.S. mission to land a spacecraft successfully on the surface of Mars.","NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia09703-viking-lander-model",{"__typename":19,"src":1233},{"__typename":22,"url":1234,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA09703.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1236,"src":1238},{"__typename":22,"url":1237,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00568.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1239,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA00568.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"niql4\">JPL's Viking 1 Orbiter launches carrying a NASA lander that will become the first lander to return scientific data. Viking 1 and its sister mission, Viking 2, are designed to investigate the Red Planet and search for signs of life. The Viking 1 and 2 orbiters take comprehensive high-resolution images of the planet during their missions.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1242,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1243},"/home/missions/viking-1/","Viking 1 Orbiter Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1246,"heading":1247,"date":1248,"displayDate":1249,"milestoneLabel":1250,"image":1251,"thumbnailImage":1260,"backgroundImage":1263,"description":1270,"milestoneLink":1271,"milestoneLinkLabel":1274,"embed":47},"14288dfd-598a-4e26-ad39-e468921411b9","First Mercury Mission","1974-03-29","March 29, 1974","Mariner 10",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1252,"original":1253,"src":1254,"title":1257,"alt":1258,"caption":1258,"credit":675,"detailUrl":1259},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA04594.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1255,"width":24,"height":1256},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.width-1024.jpg","823","Mariner 2 (Artist's Concept)","NASA's Mariner 2 was the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft. Launched August 27, 1962, on an Atlas-Agena rocket, Mariner 2 passed within about 34,000 kilometers (21,000 miles) of Venus.","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia04594-mariner-2-artists-concept",{"__typename":19,"src":1261},{"__typename":22,"url":1262,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA04594.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1264,"src":1268},{"__typename":22,"url":1265,"width":1266,"height":1267},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02445.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg","312","311",{"__typename":22,"url":1269,"width":1266,"height":1267},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02445.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"uf0h3\">Mariner 10 is the first spacecraft to pass close to Mercury, a feat that will not be repeated for more than 30 years. Flying just 437 miles (703 kilometers) above the planet, Mariner 10 goes on to perform two more encounters of Mercury that enable it to map half the globe. It also reveals a surprising magnetic field and a metallic core comprising about 80 percent of Mercury's mass. Mariner 10 was also the first interplanetary spacecraft to use a "gravity assist" maneuver in February 1974 where it used the gravity of Venus to bend its flight path toward Mercury.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1272,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1273},"/home/missions/mariner-10/","Mariner 10 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1276,"heading":1277,"date":1278,"displayDate":1279,"milestoneLabel":1250,"image":1280,"thumbnailImage":1290,"backgroundImage":1293,"description":1299,"milestoneLink":1300,"milestoneLinkLabel":1274,"embed":47},"a06f9d80-aa22-434c-ae09-d09326ddb3d2","First Multi-Planet Mission","1974-02-05","February 5, 1974",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1281,"original":1282,"src":1283,"title":1286,"alt":1287,"caption":1288,"credit":1289,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.width-320.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.width-640.png 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.width-768.png 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.width-1024.png 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.width-1280.png 1041w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.width-1320.png 1041w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.webp",{"__typename":22,"url":1284,"width":24,"height":1285},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot.width-1024.png","677","mariner_10_gravitational_slingshot","An artistic depiction of Mariner 10 traveling through space with planets and their orbits around a bright central star. The background is a starry void.","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"bfgw5\">An artists' impression of the Mariner 10 mission, the first mission to perform an interplanetary gravity assist.\u003C/p>","NASA",{"__typename":19,"src":1291},{"__typename":22,"url":1292,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/mariner_10_gravitational_sling.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1294,"src":1297},{"__typename":22,"url":1295,"width":1296,"height":1296},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02440.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg","213",{"__typename":22,"url":1298,"width":1296,"height":1296},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02440.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"qier5\">Mariner 10 becomes the first spacecraft to conduct multiple planet flybys as it executes encounters of Venus (2/5/74) and three passes by Mercury (3/29/74, 9/21/74 and 3/16/75). This is the first demonstration of the technique of “gravity assist,” using the gravitational pull of the target planet to bend and shape the spacecraft's flight path. At Venus, Mariner 10 produces the first clear pictures of the Venusian chevron clouds and performs other atmospheric studies.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1301,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1273},{"__typename":52,"id":1303,"heading":1304,"date":1305,"displayDate":1306,"milestoneLabel":1307,"image":1308,"thumbnailImage":1316,"backgroundImage":1319,"description":1324,"milestoneLink":1325,"milestoneLinkLabel":1328,"embed":47},"381dc9f4-a9a6-4190-aa96-2b8c785f26b0","First Planetary Orbiter","1971-11-14","November 14, 1971","Mariner 9",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1309,"original":1310,"src":1311,"title":1314,"alt":1314,"caption":1315,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/352-5765Ac.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1312,"width":24,"height":1313},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.width-1024.jpg","1281","Full scale model of Mariner 9","\u003Cp>Full scale model of Mariner 9\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":1317},{"__typename":22,"url":1318,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/352-5765Ac.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1320,"src":1322},{"__typename":22,"url":1321,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA15090.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1323,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA15090.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"4zz60\">Mariner 9's arrival at Mars makes it the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, narrowly beating the Soviet Union's Mars 2, which reaches the Red Planet two weeks later. Mariner 9 is also the first spacecraft to make close observations of Mars' two moons, Phobos and Deimos. While in orbit, Mariner 9 maps 85 percent of the Martian surface, and collects valuable information about Mars' surface and atmosphere. Of the more than 7,000 images it transmits, some of the most significant are the first detailed views of the solar system's largest volcano and a canyon system that dwarfs the Grand Canyon.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1326,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1327},"/home/missions/mariner-9-mariner-i/","Mariner 9 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1330,"heading":1331,"date":1332,"displayDate":1333,"milestoneLabel":1334,"image":1335,"thumbnailImage":1344,"backgroundImage":1347,"description":1352,"milestoneLink":1353,"milestoneLinkLabel":1356,"embed":47},"d4ef83b7-800a-42b1-8e96-5f3a67885ca6","First U.S. Soft Landing on the Moon","1966-06-02","June 2, 1966","Surveyor 1",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1336,"original":1337,"src":1338,"title":1341,"alt":1342,"caption":1342,"credit":675,"detailUrl":1343},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/jpegPIA02976.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1339,"width":24,"height":1340},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.width-1024.jpg","1017","Surveyor 1 Shadow","Image of Surveyor 1's shadow against the lunar surface in the late lunar afternoon, with the horizon at the upper right. Surveyor 1, the first of the Surveyor missions to make a successful soft landing, proved the spacecraft design and landing technique","https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia02976-surveyor-1-shadow",{"__typename":19,"src":1345},{"__typename":22,"url":1346,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA02976.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1348,"src":1350},{"__typename":22,"url":1349,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsurveyor_NDZ0RwX.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1351,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebsurveyor_NDZ0RwX.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"5bjgn\">The first of the Surveyor missions designed to make soft landings on the Moon, Surveyor 1 provides information about Earth's natural satellite that will be critical for the Apollo crewed missions. Surveyor 1 sends home 11,240 high-resolution television pictures, as well as data on the Moon's bearing strength, temperatures and radar reflectivity. The soft landing is achieved using a retrorocket and a bank of three thrusters that slow the lander's speed from almost 6,000 miles per hour to just 3 miles per hour.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1354,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1355},"/home/missions/surveyor-1/","Surveyor 1 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1358,"heading":1359,"date":1360,"displayDate":1361,"milestoneLabel":1362,"image":1363,"thumbnailImage":1370,"backgroundImage":1373,"description":1378,"milestoneLink":1379,"milestoneLinkLabel":1382,"embed":47},"9968309a-be26-42dd-94df-6a7c078e3f21","First Mars Flyby","1965-07-15","July 15, 1965","Mariner 4",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1364,"original":1365,"src":1366,"title":1368,"alt":12,"caption":1369,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.width-1280.jpg 1238w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.width-1320.jpg 1238w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/missionswebmariner3_4.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1367,"width":24,"height":63},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.width-1024.jpg","Artist's concept of Mariner 4","An artist's concept of the Mariner 3 and 4 spacecraft series.\u003Ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/web/mariner3_4.jpg\">› Larger view\u003C/a>",{"__typename":19,"src":1371},{"__typename":22,"url":1372,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebmariner3_4.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1374,"src":1376},{"__typename":22,"url":1375,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesmarinermariner4-pia02979.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1377,"width":701,"height":701},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesmarinermariner4-pia02979.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"bx5nv\">After an eight-month voyage, Mariner 4 performs the first flyby of Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to take close-up photographs of another planet. The images show lunar-type impact craters, some of them touched with frost in the chill Martian evening – a disappointment to many who had hoped for a more habitable-looking environment on the Red Planet. A television camera takes 22 pictures, and radio science data provides key information about how to safely deliver future missions to the Martian surface. After passing Mars, Mariner 4 lasted about three years in solar orbit, continuing long-term studies of the solar wind and making coordinated measurements with the Mariner 5 spacecraft.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1380,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1381},"/home/missions/mariner-4/","Mariner 4 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1384,"heading":1385,"date":1386,"displayDate":1387,"milestoneLabel":1388,"image":1389,"thumbnailImage":1398,"backgroundImage":1401,"description":1406,"milestoneLink":1407,"milestoneLinkLabel":1410,"embed":47},"e61497ac-a054-4958-b36b-7f19a7be0717","First Successful U.S. Mission to the Moon","1964-07-28","July 28, 1964","Ranger 7",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1390,"original":1391,"src":1392,"title":1396,"alt":12,"caption":1397,"credit":675,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.width-768.jpg 720w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.width-1024.jpg 720w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.width-1280.jpg 720w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.width-1320.jpg 720w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1393,"width":1394,"height":1395},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.width-1024.jpg","720","405","imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-16.jpg","Portion of first Moon photo by a U.S. spacecraft, Ranger 7, on July 31, 1964, about 17 minutes before it successfully collided with the lunar surface. The Ranger missions helped with Apollo landing-site selection.\u003Ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA02975\">› Full image and caption\u003C/a>",{"__typename":19,"src":1399},{"__typename":22,"url":1400,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imagesapollo20190717PIA02975-1.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1402,"src":1404},{"__typename":22,"url":1403,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23520.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1405,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23520.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"asbbw\">The Ranger 7 lunar probe is the first unqualified success in the United States' early quest to explore the Moon, and heralds a new era of exploration that sees dramatically more mission successes than failures. Designed chiefly to take high-resolution photographs of the Moon as it descends to make an intentional crash-landing, Ranger 7 approaches the Moon precisely on target and captures more than 4,300 images as it drops toward a region later named Mare Cognitum. Ranger 7 returns images of the Moon from distances as close as 2,110 km – vastly closer than pictures from any previous Soviet or U.S. spacecraft.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1408,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1409},"/home/missions/ranger-7/","Ranger 7 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1412,"heading":1413,"date":1414,"displayDate":1415,"milestoneLabel":1416,"image":1417,"thumbnailImage":1424,"backgroundImage":1427,"description":1432,"milestoneLink":1433,"milestoneLinkLabel":1436,"embed":47},"b7a68fc9-cd3b-4112-a6a3-35ea750e7390","First Network for Deep Space Communication","1963-12-24","December 24, 1963","Deep Space Network",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1418,"original":1419,"src":1420,"title":1422,"alt":12,"caption":1423,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/2_canberra-complex-1969.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1421,"width":24,"height":145},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.width-1024.jpg","2_canberra-complex-1969","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"chkz5\">A single radio antenna dish stands alone at the Deep Space Network’s Canberra complex in this photo from 1969, six years after the DSN was founded. Canberra now consists of three 34-meter (112-foot) antennas and one 70-meter (230-foot) antenna.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":1425},{"__typename":22,"url":1426,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/2_canberra-complex-1969.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1428,"src":1430},{"__typename":22,"url":1429,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/DSN.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.png",{"__typename":22,"url":1431,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/DSN.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.png","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"7gkjk\">To receive signals from and plot the orbit of Explorer 1, JPL had, under contract with the U.S. Army, deployed portable tracking stations to Nigeria, Singapore and California. After JPL is transferred to NASA, the agency recognizes the need for a more extensive communications network rather than having each flight project acquire and operate its own equipment. JPL's Deep Space Information Facility is renamed the Deep Space Network on December 24, 1963, to reflect the expanded role, becoming the "phone company" for nearly every spacecraft that has gone to the Moon or beyond.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1434,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1435},"/home/missions/dsn/","Deep Space Network Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1438,"heading":1439,"date":1440,"displayDate":1441,"milestoneLabel":1442,"image":1443,"thumbnailImage":1445,"backgroundImage":47,"description":1447,"milestoneLink":1448,"milestoneLinkLabel":1451,"embed":47},"94b2e261-79bc-499d-9ca0-f5e3de107c1f","First Planetary Flyby","1962-12-14","December 14, 1962","Mariner 2",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1252,"original":1253,"src":1444,"title":1257,"alt":1258,"caption":1258,"credit":675,"detailUrl":1259},{"__typename":22,"url":1255,"width":24,"height":1256},{"__typename":19,"src":1446},{"__typename":22,"url":1262,"width":70,"height":70},"\u003Cp data-block-key=\"oeazz\">One hundred nine days after launch, Mariner 2 flies by Venus, becoming the first spacecraft to execute a successful encounter of another planet. It passes about 21,600 miles (34,773 kilometers) above the surface and scans the planet with infrared and microwave radiometers, revealing that Venus has an extremely hot surface. This supports a theory put forward by some scientists that Venus is the victim of a runaway "greenhouse effect"; carbon dioxide in its atmosphere acts like a blanket, trapping heat from the Sun. The finding puts to rest longstanding speculation that the cloud-shrouded Venus might be a swampy world harboring life.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1449,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1450},"/home/missions/mariner-2/","Mariner 2 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1453,"heading":1454,"date":1455,"displayDate":1456,"milestoneLabel":1457,"image":1458,"thumbnailImage":1466,"backgroundImage":1469,"description":1474,"milestoneLink":1475,"milestoneLinkLabel":1478,"embed":47},"77271bcb-ef00-407e-bb88-354e19c1c5d7","First U.S. Mission to Escape Earth Orbit","1959-03-03","March 3, 1959","Pioneer 4",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1459,"original":1460,"src":1461,"title":1465,"alt":12,"caption":47,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.width-640.jpg 435w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.width-768.jpg 435w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.width-1024.jpg 435w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.width-1280.jpg 435w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.width-1320.jpg 435w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1462,"width":1463,"height":1464},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmyWN.width-1024.jpg","435","445","Mission badge",{"__typename":19,"src":1467},{"__typename":22,"url":1468,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/missionswebbadgepioneer3_UWCmy.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1470,"src":1472},{"__typename":22,"url":1471,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23497.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1473,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA23497.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"hlk6d\">Pioneer 4 is the second of two early attempts by the United States to send a spacecraft to the Moon. The spacecraft achieves its primary objective -- to put itself on a trajectory from the Earth to the Moon -- and is the first American mission to escape Earth orbit. While it flies farther away from the Moon than expected and does not take the images of the Moon its designers intended, Pioneer 4 does provide extensive and valuable data on Earth’s radiation belt and the tracking of space objects. After 82 hours of transmissions from Pioneer 4's tiny radio and 655,000 miles (1.05 million kilometers) of travel -- the farthest tracking distance for a human-made object at the time -- contact is lost on March 6, 1959. Pioneer 4 is still in orbit around the Sun.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1476,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1477},"/home/missions/pioneer-4/","Pioneer 4 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1480,"heading":1481,"date":1482,"displayDate":1483,"milestoneLabel":12,"image":1484,"thumbnailImage":1490,"backgroundImage":1493,"description":1498,"milestoneLink":1499,"milestoneLinkLabel":12,"embed":47},"cfd76d35-9dfe-4261-8bd2-3b283757e3a4","One of the First Centers in the Newly Created NASA","1958-12-03","December 3, 1958",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1485,"original":1486,"src":1487,"title":1489,"alt":1489,"caption":12,"credit":1289,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.width-320.png 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.width-640.png 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.width-768.png 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.width-1024.png 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.width-1280.png 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.width-1320.png 1024w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/nasa-meaball-logo.webp",{"__typename":22,"url":1488,"width":24,"height":145},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.width-1024.png","NASA logo",{"__typename":19,"src":1491},{"__typename":22,"url":1492,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/nasa-meaball-logo.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.png",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1494,"src":1496},{"__typename":22,"url":1495,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21115.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1497,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/jpegPIA21115.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"t3tqe\">Two months after the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is created by Congress, JPL is transferred from U.S. Army jurisdiction to that of the new civilian space agency. It brings the new agency experience in building and flying spacecraft, an extensive background in solid and liquid rocket propulsion systems, guidance, control, systems integration, broad testing capability and expertise in telecommunications. JPL takes on the responsibility of planning and executing lunar and planetary missions, and developing the rocket and upper stages needed to launch spacecraft to the Moon and the planets.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":52,"id":1501,"heading":1502,"date":1503,"displayDate":1504,"milestoneLabel":1505,"image":1506,"thumbnailImage":1512,"backgroundImage":1515,"description":1520,"milestoneLink":1521,"milestoneLinkLabel":1524,"embed":47},"2773d61d-4d4d-4545-b98f-90aadc78a4e7","America's First Satellite","1958-01-31","January 31, 1958","Explorer 1",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1507,"original":1508,"src":1509,"title":1511,"alt":12,"caption":47,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.width-1280.jpg 1158w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.width-1320.jpg 1158w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1510,"width":24,"height":63},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.width-1024.jpg","U.S. Space Program Turns 40 With Anniversary Explorer 1 ",{"__typename":19,"src":1513},{"__typename":22,"url":1514,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/imageshistoryExplorer1-16.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1516,"src":1518},{"__typename":22,"url":1517,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/infographicsuploadsinfographic.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1519,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/infographicsuploadsinfographic.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"2pu5b\">With the launch of Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit Earth, on October 4, 1957, by the Soviet Union, Cold War America is eager to send its own satellite into orbit. JPL's work for the U.S. Army makes it possible to develop the flight, ground systems and hardware necessary to fly the first successful U.S. space mission, Explorer 1, a few months later. Even this first spacecraft makes an important scientific discovery: radiation belts around Earth held in place by the planet's magnetic field. These belts are named after James Van Allen, the scientist who designed the main instrument on Explorer 1. This project marks JPL's shift in emphasis from rockets to what sits on top of them.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":1522,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":82,"url":1523},"/home/missions/explorer-1/","Explorer 1 Mission Page",{"__typename":52,"id":1526,"heading":1527,"date":1528,"displayDate":1529,"milestoneLabel":1530,"image":1531,"thumbnailImage":1540,"backgroundImage":47,"description":1543,"milestoneLink":1544,"milestoneLinkLabel":12,"embed":47},"efe933ce-43c2-43d3-acda-983e8c75d569","First Flight of Technology for Returning Warheads from Space","1956-09-20","September 20, 1956","Re-Entry Test Vehicle Program",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1532,"original":1533,"src":1534,"title":1538,"alt":1539,"caption":12,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_missi.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_missi.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_missi.width-768_9OyU2Jm.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_miss.width-1024.jpg 984w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_miss.width-1280.jpg 984w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_miss.width-1320.jpg 984w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_missile_warheads.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1535,"width":1536,"height":1537},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_miss.width-1024.jpg","984","947","JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_reentering_missile_warheads","The JPL–Army team testing a heat shield for reentering missile warhead (1957)",{"__typename":19,"src":1541},{"__typename":22,"url":1542,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/JPL_testing_a_heat_shield_for_.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"7hs35\">JPL embarks on a project with the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency to see if warheads on the top of missiles can be returned safely from space. The ABMA/JPL team conducts three successful suborbital flights. Equipment developed in this program serves as the basis for Explorer 1, the United States' first orbiting satellite, in January 1958. It also lays the groundwork for heatshields to return astronauts to Earth and to help rovers land on Mars.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":12},{"__typename":52,"id":1546,"heading":1547,"date":1548,"displayDate":1549,"milestoneLabel":12,"image":1550,"thumbnailImage":1558,"backgroundImage":1561,"description":1566,"milestoneLink":1567,"milestoneLinkLabel":1568,"embed":1569},"a974239e-d11a-41b1-838a-37888d30f310","America's First Guided Ballistic Missile","1947-05-22","May 22, 1947",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1551,"original":1552,"src":1553,"title":1556,"alt":12,"caption":1557,"credit":46,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.width-1024.jpg 1024w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.width-1280.jpg 1280w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.width-1320.jpg 1320w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1554,"width":24,"height":1555},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.width-1024.jpg","1292","Caltech Event Marks 75th Anniversary of JPL Rocket Tests","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"zsl3w\">This photo of Frank Malina standing next to a WAC Corporal missile was taken in 1945. Malina and his fellow Caltech associates became known as the "Suicide Squad" because of the rocket tests they conducted while at Caltech.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":19,"src":1559},{"__typename":22,"url":1560,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/28613336170_54e62681bf_o.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1562,"src":1564},{"__typename":22,"url":1563,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/293-363.origina-adj.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1565,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/293-363.origina-adj.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"fs3o9\">In mid-1944, JPL embarks on a program called "Corporal," to develop a guided ballistic missile. The first rocket in the program is known as the "WAC Corporal." It is a 16-foot-long (5-meter-long) missile designed for upper atmosphere research and later evolves into the Aerobee sounding rocket, which is used frequently in the 1950s for this scientific purpose. While the WAC Corporal is a rapid success, the full-scale Corporal proves to be more difficult. The second Corporal test flight becomes known as the "rabbit killer" for an unexpected horizontal flight. Several battalions of Corporal missiles are deployed to Europe in the 1950s under the military designation MGM-5.\u003C/p>",{"__typename":80,"page":47,"externalLink":12},"Watch Video",{"__typename":86,"embed":1570},"\u003Ciframe width=\"200\" height=\"113\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/MynIh-W6fOE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen title=\"Corporal: America’s First Guided Ballistic Missile\">\u003C/iframe>",{"__typename":52,"id":1572,"heading":1573,"date":1574,"displayDate":1575,"milestoneLabel":12,"image":1576,"thumbnailImage":1583,"backgroundImage":1586,"description":1591,"milestoneLink":1592,"milestoneLinkLabel":12,"embed":47},"38c7a63d-1152-4add-9ddc-75dd318bc3ce","JPL's First Test of Experimental Missile for the U.S. Army","1944-12-01","December 1, 1944",{"__typename":19,"srcSet":1577,"original":1578,"src":1579,"title":1582,"alt":12,"caption":12,"credit":12,"detailUrl":47},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.width-320.jpg 320w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.width-640.jpg 640w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.width-768.jpg 768w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.width-1024.jpg 800w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.width-1280.jpg 800w, https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.width-1320.jpg 800w","https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/original_images/corporal_and_private.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1580,"width":1048,"height":1581},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.width-1024.jpg","651","corporal and private",{"__typename":19,"src":1584},{"__typename":22,"url":1585,"width":70,"height":70},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/corporal_and_private.2e16d0ba.fill-122x122-c70.jpg",{"__typename":19,"screenMd":1587,"src":1589},{"__typename":22,"url":1588,"width":74,"height":74},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Private_ajd.2e16d0ba.fill-346x346-c70.jpg",{"__typename":22,"url":1590,"width":77,"height":77},"https://d2pn8kiwq2w21t.cloudfront.net/images/Private_ajd.2e16d0ba.fill-480x480-c70.jpg","\u003Cp data-block-key=\"fs3o9\">Building on their "jet-assisted take-off" rockets for the U.S. Army, the Caltech group develops an 8-foot-long (2-meter-long), fin-stabilized rocket called the Private A. On its first test flight on Dec. 1, 1944, it achieves a range of 11 miles and proves the feasibility of this kind of ballistic missile. 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