Internet History Sourcebooks: Modern History

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<tr> <td> Internet Modern History Sourcebook US Immigration <hr /> See <a href="modsbook.asp">Main Page</a> for a guide to all contents of all sections. <a name="index" class="H_body_text" id="index" style="color: #990000; font-weight: bold"></a> Contents <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#US Immigration and Its Effects">US Immigration and Its Effects</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#European Immigration">European Immigration</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">General</li> <li class="H_body_text">British</li> <li class="H_body_text">German</li> <li class="H_body_text">Irish</li> <li class="H_body_text">Italian</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jewish</li> <li class="H_body_text">Other</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Asian Immigration">Asian Immigration</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Latin American Immigration">Latin American Immigration</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Ellis Island">Ellis Island and New York</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Opposition to Immigration">Opposition to Immigration</a></li> </ul> <hr /> <a name="US Immigration and Its Effects" id="US Immigration and Its Effects"></a> US Immigration and Its Effects <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/19th.asp">Avalon Project: American 19th Century Documents</a> [At Yale] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329200641/https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/19th.asp">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/">American History: From Revolution to Reconstruction</a> for Documents and Essays [At RUG] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315160216/http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/list#revolution-and-new-nation">Milestone Documents</a> [At National Archives] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403153301/https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/list">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moagrp/">Making of America</a> [At Michigan] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327122618/https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moagrp/">here</a>] 5000 imprints from 1850-75 on line, but as image files rather than text. </li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/">Immigration and Relocation in U.S. History</a> [Library of Congress] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321033543/https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://shsulibraryguides.org/c.php?g=86715&p=558222">Immigration: Primary Sources</a> [At SHSU] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317233205/https://shsulibraryguides.org/c.php?g=86715&p=558222">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.edstephan.org/Animation/sexratios.html">The Sex Ratio Males per 100 Females, United States, 1790-1990</a>, animation [At WWU] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509200908/http://www.edstephan.org/Animation/sexratios.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Image: Bar Chart: <a href="USimmig1820-1970.gif">US Immigration 1820-1970</a>, [At this Site]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Image: Graph: <a href="usimmig1900-1980.jpg">US Immigration 1900-1990</a>, [At this Site]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States">History of Immigration to the United States</a> Contains useful charts and tables. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="1913US-aliensadmitted.asp">Aliens admitted to the United States in the year ended June 30th, 1913</a> [At this Site]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Israel Zangwill (1864-1926): <a href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/23893">The Melting Pot</a> 1908 [Project Gutenberg] Zangwill came up with the term "Melting Pot". Also see Wikipedia; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Melting_Pot_(play)">Melting Pot</a> </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Back to Index</a> <hr /> <a name="European Immigration" id="European Immigration"></a> European Immigration <ul> <li class="H_body_text">General <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA97/price/open.htm">White Trash: The Construction of An American Scapegoat</a> [At Virginia] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004055234/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA97/price/open.htm">here</a>]</li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19981207023754/http://www.signature.pair.com/letters/archive/sheboygan.html">A Rough Journey to America</a> 1850 [Was at Signature, now Internet Archive]</li> <li> <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19981203161408/www.signature.pair.com/letters/archive/argentina.html">Immigrant Wealth</a> 1883 [Was at Signature, now Internet Archive] Letter from an Englishman after moving to South America, 1883. Not a US immigrant, but these "letters home" were a major creator of emigration pressures. </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">British <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="1772Scot-immig.asp">Scottish Immigration to the American Colonies</a>, 1772   [At this Site]</li> <li class="H_body_text">2ND <a href="https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archivesheet29">Mormon Migration from Lancashire</a> [At Liverpool Museums] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629160944/https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archivesheet29">here</a>] From 1830, Mormon missionaries worked from of the Church at Preston and throughout the Ribble Valley in Lancashire, By 1850, 42,316 people had been baptised and another 52,192 had been baptised by 1870. From 1840 the majority of these early converts were encouraged by the Church leaders to emigrate from Britain to North America. </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">German <ul> <li> <a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/nas1846.asp">Convention for the Mutual Abolition of the Droit d'Aubaine and Taxes</a> on Emigration Between the United States of America and his Royal Highness the Duke of Nassau; May 27, 1846.[At Yale] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227211547/https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/nas1846.asp">here</a>] One of a series of such documents at the Avalon Project's <a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/grtreaty.asp">German-American Diplomacy, 1785-1847</a> [At Yale] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314173921/https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/grtreaty.asp">here</a>] </li> <li><a href="https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=1794">Social Antagonism between Protestants and Catholics</a> (1870s-1880s) + <a href="https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/pdf/eng/404_Social%20Antagonism%20Prot%20Cath_105.pdf">PDF version</a> [At GHDI] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205174633/https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=1794">here</a>] </li> <li>2ND Harm Klueting: <a href="http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/confessional-migration/harm-klueting-catholic-confessional-migration">Catholic Confessional Migration</a> [At European History Online] [At GHDI] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306040146/http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/confessional-migration/harm-klueting-catholic-confessional-migration">here</a>] Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Americans">German Americans</a> "German-Americans make up the largest self-reported ancestry group within the United States accounting for roughly 49 million people and approximately 17% of the population of the US."</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Irish <ul> <li>WEB <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19990117024345/http://avery.med.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Famine.html">Interpreting The Irish Famine, 1846-1850</a> [Was At Virginia, now Internet] A large collection of online original texts from Ireland, England, and America on the Irish Famine. Includes a great deal on emigration to America.</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://viewsofthefamine.wordpress.com/">Views of the Famine</a> in Ireland [At Wordpress] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314033346/https://viewsofthefamine.wordpress.com/">here</a>] Contemporary newspaper articles and illustrations from the Great Hunger in Ireland, 1845-52 </li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19990117024345/http://avery.med.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Famine.html">The Mary Anne Sadlier Archive</a> [Was At Virginia, now Internet Archive] Mary Anne Sadlier (1820-1903), an Irish-American immigrant, wrote sixty volumes of work -- from domestic novels to historical romances to children's catechisms. </li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20030212102037/www.genealogy.org/~ajmorris/ireland/ireemg/ireemg.htm">Irish Passenger Lists</a> [At Internet Archive, from geneology.org]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Americans">Irish Americans</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Italian <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Jacob Riis (1849-1914): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050303202205/http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap5.html">The Italian in New York</a> 1890 [Was At Yale, now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Americans">Italian Americans</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jewish <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/haventohome/haven-haven.html">From Haven to Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America</a> [Library of Congress] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128051120/https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/haventohome/haven-haven.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacob Riis (1849-1914): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050303203143/http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap10.html">Jewtown in New York</a> 1890 [Was At Yale, now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Mark Twain: <a href="1898twain-jews.asp">Concerning The Jews</a>, Harper's Magazine, March, 1898  [At this Site] Twain discusses Anti-Semitism</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Other <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Jacob Riis (1849-1914): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050303201234/http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap12.html">Bohemians (Czechs) in New York</a> 1890 [Was At Yale, now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Americans">Polish Americans</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Back to Index</a> <hr /> <a name="Asian Immigration" id="Asian Immigration"></a> Asian Immigration <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://guides.loc.gov/chinese-exclusion-act">Chinese Exclusion Act: Primary Documents in American History</a> [Library of Congress] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329044526/https://guides.loc.gov/chinese-exclusion-act">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://www.pbs.org/kqed/chinatown/">Chinatown</a> [At PBS] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327211655/http://www.pbs.org/kqed/chinatown/">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Mark Twain [pseud of Samuel Clemens](1835-1910): <a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/heroin/twaino1.htm">The Gentle, Inoffensive Chinese</a>, 1871, from Roughing It, Volume II, Chapter XIII. [At Schaffer Drug Library] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510083736/https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/heroin/twaino1.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/den.htm">San Francisco Chinatown Opium Den</a> 1870's [Image][At Drug Library] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217095118/https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/1870/den.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/chincradle.htm">Chinese Miners in the Gold Fields</a> - 1860 [Image][At Drug Library] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514065701/https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/wpccontents.htm">here</a>] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/wpccontents.htm">Chinatown Declared a Nuisance!</a> [At Drug Library] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514065701/https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/wpccontents.htm">here</a>] This is the full text of a sixteen-page pamphlet, "Chinatown Declared a Nuisance!"; distributed by the Workingmen's Committee of California, it called for the abatement of Chinatown as a health menace. </li> <li class="H_body_text">California: <a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/anticoolieact.htm">Anti-Coolie Act</a>, 1862 [At Drug Library] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208075603/https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/1870/anticoolieact.htm">here</a>] "An Act to protect free White labor against competition with Chinese collie labor, and to discourse the immigration of the Chinese into the state of California, April 26, 1862" </li> <li class="H_body_text">Albert S. Evans: <a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/evans.htm">A Cruise on the Barbary Coast</a>, Chapter 12 of A la California. Sketch of Life in the Golden State, c, 1871. [At Drug Library] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517040308/https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/History/1870/evans.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Allen S. Williams: <a href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/demon1883.htm">The Demon of the Orient</a>,  1883 [At Drug Library] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508090945/https://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/history/demon1883.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/chinese_exclusion_act.asp">Chinese Exclusion Act</a> May 6, 1882 [At Yale] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327113418/https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/chinese_exclusion_act.asp">here</a>] The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act">Chinese Exclusion Act</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacob Riis (1849-1914): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050303203015/http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap9.html">Chinatown in New York</a> 1890 [Was At Yale, now Internet Archive] </li> <li class="H_body_text">John W. Foster: <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/china/foster.htm">The Chinese Boycott</a>, The Atlantic Monthly, January 1906 [At The Atlantic] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625021141/https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/flashbks/china/foster.htm">here</a>] Criticizes America's discrimination against Chinese immigrants in America as racist. This behavior incited a Chinese boycott of American trade.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Chinese_Americans">History of Chinese Americans</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Americans">Japanese Americans</a></li> </ul> <a href="#index">Back to Index</a> <hr /> <a name="Latin American Immigration" id="Latin American Immigration"></a> Latin American Immigration <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/research/charts/immigration-latin-america-historical-us">Latin American Immigration to the United States</a> [At AEAWeb] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320142252/https://www.aeaweb.org/research/charts/immigration-latin-america-historical-us">here</a>] </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Back to Index</a> <hr /> <a name="Ellis Island" id="Ellis Island"></a> Ellis Island and New York <ul> <li class="H_body_text"> WEB <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605041106/http://www.cmp.ucr.edu/collections/permanent/projects/stereo/immigration/default.html">New York, NY, Ellis Island -- Immigration: 1900-1920</a> [Was At UC-Riverside, now Internet Archive] Photographic presentation. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellis_Island">Ellis Island</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"> Emma Lazarus: <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46550/the-new-colossus">The New Colossus</a>, 1883 [At Poetry Foundation] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322211234/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46550/the-new-colossus">here</a>] The poem on the Statute of Liberty.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Jacob Riis (1849-1914): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050225023356/http://www.cis.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/title.html">How the Other Half Lives; Studies Among the Tenements of New York</a>, 1890 [Was At Yale, now Internet Archive] </li> </ul> <a href="#index">Back to Index</a> <hr /> </a> Opposition to Immigration <ul> <li class="H_body_text"> Francis A. Walker: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220801105543/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1896/06/restriction-of-immigration/306011/">Restriction of Immigration</a>, The Atlantic Monthly, June 1896 [Was At The Atlantic, now Internet Archive] Warnings about "vast inpourings of southern European immigrants" </li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Peril">Yellow Peril</a> Anti-Asian racism. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Robert DeCourcey Ward: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990428154619/http://www.theatlantic.com/election/connection/immigrat/wardf.htm">Immigration and the South</a>, The Atlantic Monthly, November 1905 [Was At The Atlantic, now Internet Archive] Against the North's "unloading of second-rate immigrants by sending them South."</li> <li class="H_body_text">William Z. Ripley: <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/immigr/rip.htm">Races in the United States</a>, The Atlantic Monthly, December 1908 [At The Atlantic] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629103828/https://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/unbound/flashbks/immigr/rip.htm">here</a>] The "problem" of Mediterranean, Slavic, and Oriental races upon the character of the nation.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Don D. Lescohier: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990501112100/http://www.theatlantic.com/election/connection/immigrat/lescof.htm">Immigration and the Labor Supply</a>, The Atlantic Monthly,  November 1905 [Was At The Atlantic, now Internet Archive] Immigrants would undermine the improved labor standards that American workers were struggling to establish.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Randolph S. Bourne: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150302143821/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1916/07/trans-national-america/304838/">Transnational America</a>, The Atlantic Monthly, July 1916 [Was At The Atlantic, now Internet Archive] On the failure of the "Melting Pot".</li> </ul> <a href="#index">Back to Index</a> <hr /> NOTES: The Internet Modern Sourcebook is part of the <a href="/halsall">Internet History Sourcebooks Project</a>. The date of inception was 9/22/1997. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site]. WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview. <hr /> The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/history/">History Department</a> of  <a href="http://www.fordham.edu">Fordham University</a>, New York. The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/mvst">Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies</a>.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in providing web space and server support for the project. 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