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srcSet="https://www.digitalocean.com/api/static-content/v1/images?src=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fintro-to-cloud.d49bc5f7.jpeg&width=828 1x, https://www.digitalocean.com/api/static-content/v1/images?src=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fintro-to-cloud.d49bc5f7.jpeg&width=1920 2x" src="https://www.digitalocean.com/api/static-content/v1/images?src=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fintro-to-cloud.d49bc5f7.jpeg&width=1920"/></div><div class="Markdownstyles-sc-dd1icp-0 kfTVTG MarkdownStyles__StyledMarkdown-sc-bf598916-0 fzarqH"><h3 id="introduction"><a href="#introduction" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Introduction</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#introduction" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>Configuration management is the process of handling changes to a system in a way that assures integrity over time, typically involving tools and processes that facilitate automation and observability. Even though this concept didn’t originate in the IT industry, the term is broadly used to refer to <strong>server configuration management</strong>.</p> <p>In the context of servers, configuration management is also commonly referred to as <em>IT Automation</em> or <em>Server Orchestration</em>. Both terms highlight the practical aspects of configuration management and the ability to control multiple systems from a central server.</p> <p>This guide will walk you through the benefits of using a configuration management tool to automate your server infrastructure setup, and how one such tool, <a href="https://ansible.com" rel="ugc nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Ansible</a>, can help you with that.</p> <h2 id="benefits-of-using-a-configuration-management-tool"><a href="#benefits-of-using-a-configuration-management-tool" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Benefits of Using a Configuration Management Tool</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#benefits-of-using-a-configuration-management-tool" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h2> <p>There are a number of configuration management tools available on the market, with varying levels of complexity and diverse architectural styles. Although each of these tools have their own characteristics and work in slightly different ways, they all provide the same function: make sure a system’s state matches the state described by a set of <em>provisioning scripts</em>.</p> <p>Many of the benefits of configuration management for servers come from the ability to define your infrastructure as code. This enables you to:</p> <ul> <li>Use a version control system to keep track of any changes in your infrastructure</li> <li>Reuse provisioning scripts for multiple server environments, such as development, testing, and production</li> <li>Share provisioning scripts between coworkers to facilitate collaboration in a standardised development environment</li> <li>Streamline the process of replicating servers, which facilitates recovery from critical errors</li> </ul> <p>Additionally, configuration management tools offer you a way to control one to hundreds of servers from a centralized location, which can dramatically improve efficiency and integrity of your server infrastructure.</p> <h2 id="ansible-overview"><a href="#ansible-overview" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Ansible Overview</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#ansible-overview" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h2> <p>Ansible is a modern configuration management tool that facilitates the task of setting up and maintaining remote servers, with a minimalist design intended to get users up and running quickly.</p> <p>Users write Ansible provisioning scripts in <a href="https://yaml.org/" rel="ugc nofollow noopener" target="_blank">YAML</a>, a user-friendly data serialization standard that is not tied to any particular programming language. This enables users to create sophisticated provisioning scripts more intuitively compared to similar tools in the same category.</p> <p>Ansible doesn’t require any special software to be installed on the nodes that will be managed with this tool. A control machine is set up with the Ansible software, which then communicates with the nodes via standard SSH.</p> <p>As a configuration management tool and automation framework, Ansible encapsulates all of the common features present in other tools of the same category, while still maintaining a strong focus on simplicity and performance:</p> <h3 id="idempotent-behavior"><a href="#idempotent-behavior" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Idempotent Behavior</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#idempotent-behavior" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>Ansible keeps track of the state of resources in managed systems in order to avoid repeating tasks that were executed before. If a package was already installed, it won’t try to install it again. The objective is that after each provisioning execution the system reaches (or keeps) the desired state, even if you run it multiple times. This is what characterizes Ansible and other configuration management tools as having an <em>idempotent behavior</em>. When running a playbook, you’ll see the status of each task being executed and whether or not the task performed a change in the system.</p> <h3 id="support-to-variables-conditionals-and-loops"><a href="#support-to-variables-conditionals-and-loops" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Support to Variables, Conditionals, and Loops</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#support-to-variables-conditionals-and-loops" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>When writing Ansible automation scripts, you can use variables, conditionals, and loops in order to make your automation more versatile and efficient.</p> <h3 id="system-facts"><a href="#system-facts" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">System Facts</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#system-facts" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>Ansible collects a series of detailed information about the managed nodes, such as network interfaces and operating system, and provides it as global variables called <em>system facts</em>. Facts can be used within playbooks to make your automation more versatile and adaptive, behaving differently depending on the system being provisioned.</p> <h3 id="templating-system"><a href="#templating-system" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Templating System</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#templating-system" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>Ansible uses the Jinja2 Python templating system to allow for dynamic expressions and access to variables. Templates can be used to facilitate setting up configuration files and services. For instance, you can use a template to set up a new virtual host within Apache, while reusing the same template for multiple server installations.</p> <h3 id="support-for-extensions-and-modules"><a href="#support-for-extensions-and-modules" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Support for Extensions and Modules</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#support-for-extensions-and-modules" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>Ansible comes with hundreds of built-in modules to facilitate writing automation for common systems administration tasks, such as installing packages with <code>apt</code> and synchronizing files with <code>rsync</code>, and also for dealing with popular software such as database systems (like MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and others) and dependency management tools (such as PHP’s <code>composer</code>, Ruby’s <code>gem</code>, Node’s <code>npm</code>, and others). Apart from that, there are various ways in which you can extend Ansible: plugins and modules are good options when you need a custom functionality that is not present by default.</p> <p>You can also find third-party modules and plugins in the <a href="https://galaxy.ansible.com/" rel="ugc nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Ansible Galaxy</a> portal.</p> <h2 id="getting-familiar-with-ansible-concepts"><a href="#getting-familiar-with-ansible-concepts" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Getting Familiar with Ansible Concepts</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#getting-familiar-with-ansible-concepts" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h2> <p>We’ll now have a look at Ansible terminology and concepts to help familiarize you with these terms as they come up throughout this series.</p> <h3 id="control-node"><a href="#control-node" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Control Node</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#control-node" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>A <em>control node</em> is a system where Ansible is installed and set up to connect to your server. You can have multiple control nodes, and any system capable of running Ansible can be set up as a control node, including personal computers or laptops running a Linux or Unix based operating system. For the time being, Ansible can’t be installed on Windows hosts, but you can circumvent this limitation by setting up a virtual machine that runs Linux and running Ansible from there.</p> <h3 id="managed-nodes"><a href="#managed-nodes" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Managed Nodes</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#managed-nodes" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>The systems you control using Ansible are called <em>managed nodes</em>. Ansible <a href="https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/intro_installation.html#id11" rel="ugc nofollow noopener" target="_blank">requires</a> that managed nodes are reachable via SSH, and have Python 2 (version 2.6 or higher) or Python 3 (version 3.5 or higher) installed.</p> <p>Ansible supports a variety of operating systems including Windows servers as managed nodes.</p> <h3 id="inventory"><a href="#inventory" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Inventory</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#inventory" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>An <em>inventory</em> file contains a list of the hosts you’ll manage using Ansible. Although Ansible typically creates a default inventory file when installed, you can use per-project inventories to have a better separation of your infrastructure and avoid running commands or playbooks on the wrong server by mistake. Static inventories are usually created as <code>.ini</code> files, but you can also use dynamically generated inventories written in any programming language able to return JSON.</p> <h3 id="tasks"><a href="#tasks" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Tasks</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#tasks" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>In Ansible, a <em>task</em> is an individual unit of work to execute on a managed node. Each action to perform is defined as a task. Tasks can be executed as a one-off action via ad-hoc commands, or included in a playbook as part of an automation script.</p> <h3 id="playbook"><a href="#playbook" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Playbook</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#playbook" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>A <em>playbook</em> contains an ordered list of tasks, and a few other directives to indicate which hosts are the target of that automation, whether or not to use a privilege escalation system to run those tasks, and optional sections to define variables or include files. Ansible executes tasks sequentially, and a full playbook execution is called a <em>play</em>. Playbooks are written in YAML format.</p> <h3 id="handlers"><a href="#handlers" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Handlers</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#handlers" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p><em>Handlers</em> are used to perform actions on a service, such as restarting or stopping a service that is actively running on the managed node’s system. Handlers are typically triggered by tasks, and their execution happens at the end of a play, after all tasks are finished. This way, if more than one task triggers a restart to a service, for instance, the service will only be restarted once and after all tasks are executed. Although the default handler behavior is more efficient and overall a better practice, it is also possible to force immediate handler execution if that is required by a task.</p> <h3 id="roles"><a href="#roles" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Roles</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#roles" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h3> <p>A <em>role</em> is a set of playbooks and related files organized into a predefined structure that is known by Ansible. Roles facilitate reusing and repurposing playbooks into shareable packages of granular automation for specific goals, such as installing a web server, installing a PHP environment, or setting up a MySQL server.</p> <h2 id="conclusion"><a href="#conclusion" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);">Conclusion</a><a class="hash-anchor" href="#conclusion" aria-hidden="true" onclick="navigator.clipboard.writeText(this.href);"></a></h2> <p>Ansible is a minimalist IT automation tool that has a gentle learning curve, thanks in part to its use of YAML for its provisioning scripts. It has a great number of built-in modules that can be used to abstract tasks such as installing packages and working with templates. Its simplified infrastructure requirements and accessible syntax can be a good fit for those who are getting started with configuration management.</p> <p>In the next part of <a href="/community/tutorial_series/how-to-automate-server-setup-with-ansible">this series</a>, we’ll see <a href="/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-ansible-on-ubuntu-20-04">how to install and get started with Ansible on an Ubuntu 20.04 server</a>.</p> </div><div class="Markdownstyles-sc-dd1icp-0 kfTVTG MarkdownStyles__StyledMarkdown-sc-bf598916-0 fzarqH TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledConclusionCTA-sc-337a0527-35 dKyFya"><p>Thanks for learning with the DigitalOcean Community. Check out our offerings for compute, storage, networking, and managed databases.</p> <p><a href="/products">Learn more about our products</a></p> </div><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledNextSeriesWrapper-sc-337a0527-26 gLJOju"><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledNextSeries-sc-337a0527-27 VhlWD"><a href="/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-ansible-on-ubuntu-20-04">Next in series: How To Install and Configure Ansible on Ubuntu 20.04 -></a></div></div><hr class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledDivider-sc-337a0527-28 dvYrbZ"/><div class="TutorialSeriesListStyles__StyledSeriesGrid-sc-8b604fb6-0 NKQyE"><div class="TutorialSeriesListStyles__StyledSeriesList-sc-8b604fb6-2 dpBxBF"><h3>Tutorial Series: How To Manage Remote Servers with Ansible</h3><div class="Markdownstyles-sc-dd1icp-0 kfTVTG MarkdownStyles__StyledMarkdown-sc-bf598916-0 fzarqH"><p>Ansible is a modern configuration management tool that facilitates the task of setting up and maintaining remote servers. With a minimalist design intended to get users up and running quickly, it allows you to control one to hundreds of systems from a central location with either playbooks or ad hoc commands.</p> <p>This series goes over how to use Ansible to manage remote servers, and how to execute Ansible playbooks to automate server setup.</p> </div></div><div><button class="TutorialSeriesListStyles__StyledSubscribeButton-sc-8b604fb6-4 iNRoJr">Subscribe</button><div class="TutorialSeriesListStyles__StyledTags-sc-8b604fb6-5 csUVzF"><a title="Ansible" class="TagStyles__StyledTag-sc-a75ae9ac-0 dhVrNO" href="/community/tags/ansible">Ansible</a><a title="Configuration Management" class="TagStyles__StyledTag-sc-a75ae9ac-0 dhVrNO" href="/community/tags/configuration-management">Configuration Management</a></div></div></div><div class="TutorialSeriesListStyles__StyledSeriesList-sc-8b604fb6-2 dpBxBF"><div class="TutorialSeriesListStyles__StyledSeriesBrowse-sc-8b604fb6-3 iJmWSx">Browse Series: 5 articles</div><ul><li style="background:url(/_next/static/media/disc.677bc142.svg) no-repeat left 10px"><a style="color:#081B4B" href="/community/conceptual-articles/an-introduction-to-configuration-management-with-ansible">1/5 An Introduction to Configuration Management with Ansible </a></li><li><a href="/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-ansible-on-ubuntu-20-04">2/5 How To Install and Configure Ansible on Ubuntu 20.04 </a></li><li><a href="/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-ansible-inventories">3/5 How To Set Up Ansible Inventories </a></li></ul><button class="TutorialSeriesListStyles__StyledSubscribeButton-sc-8b604fb6-4 iNRoJr">Expand to view all</button></div><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledCollaboratorsFooterContainer-sc-337a0527-8 kYDvfF"><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledCollaboratorsFooter-sc-337a0527-9 fAKdCr"><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledCollaboratorsHeading-sc-337a0527-10 bPCjPq">About the authors</div><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledCollaborator-sc-337a0527-11 kLvEfV"><img alt="Default avatar" loading="lazy" width="64" height="64" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledAvatarLarge-sc-337a0527-12 eoFuZs" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://www.digitalocean.com/api/static-content/v1/images?src=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fdefault-avatar.14b0d31d.jpeg&width=64 1x, https://www.digitalocean.com/api/static-content/v1/images?src=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fdefault-avatar.14b0d31d.jpeg&width=128 2x" src="https://www.digitalocean.com/api/static-content/v1/images?src=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fdefault-avatar.14b0d31d.jpeg&width=128"/><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledCollaboratorInfo-sc-337a0527-13 gRceEM"><div class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledCollaboratorName-sc-337a0527-14 hPVxKD"><a size="18" class="TutorialTemplateStyles__StyledRecordMetaItemAuthorHighlight-sc-337a0527-7 dKebKT" href="/community/users/erikaheidi">Erika Heidi</a><p 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href="https://docs.digitalocean.com/reference/api">API</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/uptime-monitoring">Uptime</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/identity-access-management">Identity Access Management</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/cloudways">Cloudways</a></li></ul></div><div><h6 class="Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 ikXVrB">Resources</h6><ul class="LinksStyles__StyledList-sc-e23e78b7-1 AFHla"><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/community/tutorials">Community Tutorials</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/community/questions">Community Q&A</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://css-tricks.com/" target="_blank">CSS-Tricks</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/community/pages/write-for-digitalocean">Write for DOnations</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" rel="nofollow" href="/currents">Currents Research</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/hatch">Hatch Startup Program</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/wavemakers">Wavemakers Program</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/research">Compass Council</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" rel="nofollow" href="/open-source">Open Source</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/community#iaan">Newsletter Signup</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/marketplace">Marketplace</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/pricing">Pricing</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/pricing/calculator">Pricing Calculator</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://docs.digitalocean.com/">Documentation</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://docs.digitalocean.com/release-notes">Release Notes</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/community/pages/code-of-conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="http://store.digitalocean.com/" rel="nofollow">Shop Swag</a></li></ul></div><div><h6 class="Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 ikXVrB">Solutions</h6><ul class="LinksStyles__StyledList-sc-e23e78b7-1 AFHla"><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/website-hosting">Website Hosting</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/vps-hosting">VPS Hosting</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/web-mobile-apps">Web & Mobile Apps</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/gaming-development">Game Development</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/streaming">Streaming</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/vpn">VPN</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/saas">SaaS Platforms</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/solutions/blockchain">Cloud Hosting for Blockchain</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/resources">Startup Resources</a></li></ul></div><div><h6 class="Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 ikXVrB">Contact</h6><ul class="LinksStyles__StyledList-sc-e23e78b7-1 AFHla"><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/support">Support</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/company/contact/sales?referrer=footer">Sales</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" rel="nofollow" href="/company/contact/abuse">Report Abuse</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://status.digitalocean.com/" rel="nofollow">System Status</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://ideas.digitalocean.com/" rel="nofollow">Share your ideas</a></li></ul></div></footer><footer class="LinksStyles__StyledFooterMobile-sc-e23e78b7-3 hZzCcf"><details class="LinksStyles__StyledDetails-sc-e23e78b7-4 aJsNo"><summary><h6 class="Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 hxQDjp">Company</h6><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="up"><polyline points="18 15 12 9 6 15"></polyline></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="down"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></summary><ul class="LinksStyles__StyledList-sc-e23e78b7-1 AFHla"><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/about">About</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://investors.digitalocean.com/governance/executive-management/default.aspx" rel="nofollow">Leadership</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/blog">Blog</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/careers">Careers</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/customers">Customers</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/partners">Partners</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/referral-program">Referral Program</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/affiliates">Affiliate Program</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" rel="nofollow" href="/press">Press</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/legal">Legal</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/legal/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/security">Security</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://investors.digitalocean.com/">Investor Relations</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/impact">DO Impact</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/impact/nonprofits">Nonprofits</a></li></ul></details><details class="LinksStyles__StyledDetails-sc-e23e78b7-4 aJsNo"><summary><h6 class="Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 hxQDjp">Products</h6><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="up"><polyline points="18 15 12 9 6 15"></polyline></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="down"><polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline></svg></summary><ul class="LinksStyles__StyledList-sc-e23e78b7-1 AFHla"><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products">Overview</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/droplets">Droplets</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/kubernetes">Kubernetes</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/functions">Functions</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/app-platform">App Platform</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/gpu-droplets">GPU Droplets</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/ai-ml/1-click-models">1-Click Models</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/gen-ai">GenAI Platform</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/bare-metal-gpu">Bare Metal</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/load-balancers">Load Balancers</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/managed-databases">Managed Databases</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/spaces">Spaces</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/block-storage">Block Storage</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledA-sc-679fc0ad-1 gYjDKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="https://docs.digitalocean.com/reference/api">API</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/uptime-monitoring">Uptime</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/identity-access-management">Identity Access Management</a></li><li><a class="LazyLink___StyledLink-sc-679fc0ad-0 fjIPKj Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 saphT LinksStyles__StyledLink-sc-e23e78b7-2 eEzFnU" href="/products/cloudways">Cloudways</a></li></ul></details><details class="LinksStyles__StyledDetails-sc-e23e78b7-4 aJsNo"><summary><h6 class="Typographystyles-sc-o7qsl9-0 hxQDjp">Resources</h6><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" 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assures integrity over time, typically involving tools and processes that facilitate automation and observability. Even though this concept didn't originate in the IT industry, the term is broadly used to refer to **server configuration management**.\r\n\r\nIn the context of servers, configuration management is also commonly referred to as *IT Automation* or *Server Orchestration*. Both terms highlight the practical aspects of configuration management and the ability to control multiple systems from a central server.\r\n\r\nThis guide will walk you through the benefits of using a configuration management tool to automate your server infrastructure setup, and how one such tool, [Ansible](https://ansible.com), can help you with that.\r\n\r\n## Benefits of Using a Configuration Management Tool\r\n\r\nThere are a number of configuration management tools available on the market, with varying levels of complexity and diverse architectural styles. Although each of these tools have their own characteristics and work in slightly different ways, they all provide the same function: make sure a system's state matches the state described by a set of *provisioning scripts*.\r\n\r\nMany of the benefits of configuration management for servers come from the ability to define your infrastructure as code. This enables you to:\r\n\r\n* Use a version control system to keep track of any changes in your infrastructure\r\n* Reuse provisioning scripts for multiple server environments, such as development, testing, and production\r\n* Share provisioning scripts between coworkers to facilitate collaboration in a standardised development environment\r\n* Streamline the process of replicating servers, which facilitates recovery from critical errors\r\n\r\nAdditionally, configuration management tools offer you a way to control one to hundreds of servers from a centralized location, which can dramatically improve efficiency and integrity of your server infrastructure.\r\n\r\n## Ansible Overview\r\n\r\nAnsible is a modern configuration management tool that facilitates the task of setting up and maintaining remote servers, with a minimalist design intended to get users up and running quickly. \r\n\r\nUsers write Ansible provisioning scripts in [YAML](https://yaml.org/), a user-friendly data serialization standard that is not tied to any particular programming language. This enables users to create sophisticated provisioning scripts more intuitively compared to similar tools in the same category.\r\n\r\nAnsible doesn't require any special software to be installed on the nodes that will be managed with this tool. A control machine is set up with the Ansible software, which then communicates with the nodes via standard SSH.\r\n\r\nAs a configuration management tool and automation framework, Ansible encapsulates all of the common features present in other tools of the same category, while still maintaining a strong focus on simplicity and performance:\r\n\r\n### Idempotent Behavior\r\nAnsible keeps track of the state of resources in managed systems in order to avoid repeating tasks that were executed before. If a package was already installed, it won’t try to install it again. The objective is that after each provisioning execution the system reaches (or keeps) the desired state, even if you run it multiple times. This is what characterizes Ansible and other configuration management tools as having an *idempotent behavior*. When running a playbook, you'll see the status of each task being executed and whether or not the task performed a change in the system. \r\n\r\n### Support to Variables, Conditionals, and Loops\r\nWhen writing Ansible automation scripts, you can use variables, conditionals, and loops in order to make your automation more versatile and efficient.\r\n\r\n### System Facts\r\nAnsible collects a series of detailed information about the managed nodes, such as network interfaces and operating system, and provides it as global variables called *system facts*. Facts can be used within playbooks to make your automation more versatile and adaptive, behaving differently depending on the system being provisioned.\r\n\r\n### Templating System\r\nAnsible uses the Jinja2 Python templating system to allow for dynamic expressions and access to variables. Templates can be used to facilitate setting up configuration files and services. For instance, you can use a template to set up a new virtual host within Apache, while reusing the same template for multiple server installations.\r\n\r\n### Support for Extensions and Modules\r\nAnsible comes with hundreds of built-in modules to facilitate writing automation for common systems administration tasks, such as installing packages with `apt` and synchronizing files with `rsync`, and also for dealing with popular software such as database systems (like MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and others) and dependency management tools (such as PHP's `composer`, Ruby's `gem`, Node's `npm`, and others). Apart from that, there are various ways in which you can extend Ansible: plugins and modules are good options when you need a custom functionality that is not present by default.\r\n\r\nYou can also find third-party modules and plugins in the [Ansible Galaxy](https://galaxy.ansible.com/) portal.\r\n\r\n## Getting Familiar with Ansible Concepts\r\n\r\nWe'll now have a look at Ansible terminology and concepts to help familiarize you with these terms as they come up throughout this series.\r\n\r\n### Control Node\r\n\r\nA *control node* is a system where Ansible is installed and set up to connect to your server. You can have multiple control nodes, and any system capable of running Ansible can be set up as a control node, including personal computers or laptops running a Linux or Unix based operating system. For the time being, Ansible can't be installed on Windows hosts, but you can circumvent this limitation by setting up a virtual machine that runs Linux and running Ansible from there.\r\n\r\n### Managed Nodes\r\n\r\nThe systems you control using Ansible are called *managed nodes*. Ansible [requires](https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/installation_guide/intro_installation.html#id11) that managed nodes are reachable via SSH, and have Python 2 (version 2.6 or higher) or Python 3 (version 3.5 or higher) installed.\r\n\r\nAnsible supports a variety of operating systems including Windows servers as managed nodes. \r\n\r\n### Inventory\r\n\r\nAn *inventory* file contains a list of the hosts you'll manage using Ansible. Although Ansible typically creates a default inventory file when installed, you can use per-project inventories to have a better separation of your infrastructure and avoid running commands or playbooks on the wrong server by mistake. Static inventories are usually created as `.ini` files, but you can also use dynamically generated inventories written in any programming language able to return JSON.\r\n\r\n### Tasks\r\n\r\nIn Ansible, a *task* is an individual unit of work to execute on a managed node. Each action to perform is defined as a task. Tasks can be executed as a one-off action via ad-hoc commands, or included in a playbook as part of an automation script.\r\n\r\n### Playbook\r\n\r\nA *playbook* contains an ordered list of tasks, and a few other directives to indicate which hosts are the target of that automation, whether or not to use a privilege escalation system to run those tasks, and optional sections to define variables or include files. Ansible executes tasks sequentially, and a full playbook execution is called a *play*. Playbooks are written in YAML format.\r\n\r\n### Handlers\r\n\r\n*Handlers* are used to perform actions on a service, such as restarting or stopping a service that is actively running on the managed node's system. Handlers are typically triggered by tasks, and their execution happens at the end of a play, after all tasks are finished. This way, if more than one task triggers a restart to a service, for instance, the service will only be restarted once and after all tasks are executed. Although the default handler behavior is more efficient and overall a better practice, it is also possible to force immediate handler execution if that is required by a task.\r\n\r\n### Roles\r\n\r\nA *role* is a set of playbooks and related files organized into a predefined structure that is known by Ansible. Roles facilitate reusing and repurposing playbooks into shareable packages of granular automation for specific goals, such as installing a web server, installing a PHP environment, or setting up a MySQL server. \r\n\r\n## Conclusion\r\n\r\nAnsible is a minimalist IT automation tool that has a gentle learning curve, thanks in part to its use of YAML for its provisioning scripts. It has a great number of built-in modules that can be used to abstract tasks such as installing packages and working with templates. Its simplified infrastructure requirements and accessible syntax can be a good fit for those who are getting started with configuration management.\r\n\r\nIn the next part of [this series](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorial_series/how-to-automate-server-setup-with-ansible), we'll see [how to install and get started with Ansible on an Ubuntu 20.04 server](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-ansible-on-ubuntu-20-04).\r\n","language":"en","state":"published","last_validated_at":"2020-05-15T19:58:15.103Z","published_at":"2020-05-15T19:58:34.339Z","views":18224,"follow_up_questions_enabled_at":null,"comments_locked_at":null,"raw_html_allowed_in_markdown_at":null,"featured_at":null,"header_url":null,"conclusion_cta":null,"right_side_nav_cta":null,"original":{},"series":[{"id":97,"slug":"how-to-manage-remote-servers-with-ansible","title":"How To Manage Remote Servers with Ansible","description":"Ansible is a modern configuration management tool that facilitates the task of setting up and maintaining remote servers. 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