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Grace Wilson - Wikipedia
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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Australian football player (b.2005), see <a href="/wiki/Grace_Wilson_(soccer)" title="Grace Wilson (soccer)">Grace Wilson (soccer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Grace Margaret Wilson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Wilson_on_Lemnos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Grace_Wilson_on_Lemnos.jpg/220px-Grace_Wilson_on_Lemnos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Grace_Wilson_on_Lemnos.jpg/330px-Grace_Wilson_on_Lemnos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Grace_Wilson_on_Lemnos.jpg/440px-Grace_Wilson_on_Lemnos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Grace Wilson on Lemnos island during the Gallipoli Campaign</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1879-06-25</span>)</span>25 June 1879<br /><a href="/wiki/South_Brisbane,_Queensland" title="South Brisbane, Queensland">South Brisbane, Queensland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 January 1957<span style="display:none">(1957-01-12)</span> (aged 77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Austin_Hospital,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Hospital, Melbourne">Repatriation General Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg,_Victoria" title="Heidelberg, Victoria">Heidelberg, Victoria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1914–1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Nursing_Service" title="Australian Army Nursing Service">Australian Army Nursing Service</a> (1925–1940)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data">World War I<br />World War II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Red_Cross" title="Royal Red Cross">Royal Red Cross</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_Despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in Despatches">Mentioned in Despatches</a> (4)<br /><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Medal" title="Florence Nightingale Medal">Florence Nightingale Medal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grace Margaret Wilson</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Red_Cross" title="Royal Red Cross">RRC</a></span></span> (25 June 1879 – 12 January 1957) was a high-ranked <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nurse">nurse</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a> during World War I and the first years of World War II. Wilson was born in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, and completed her initial training as a nurse in 1908. After the outbreak of World War I she joined the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Nursing_Service" title="Australian Army Nursing Service">Australian Army Nursing Service</a> (AANS) and subsequently transferred to the <a href="/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="First Australian Imperial Force">First Australian Imperial Force</a>. From 1915 until 1919 she was the principal matron of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Australian_General_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Australian General Hospital (page does not exist)">3rd Australian General Hospital</a>. She served as the temporary matron-in-chief in the AIF Headquarters, London from late 1917 until early 1918. Wilson returned to Australia in 1920 and left the AIF to work in civilian hospitals. She was appointed the matron-in-chief of the AANS in 1925, and in September 1940 joined the <a href="/wiki/Second_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="Second Australian Imperial Force">Second Australian Imperial Force</a>. She served in the Middle East until August 1941, when she returned to Australia due to ill health. She left the Army the next month, but from September 1943 worked in the Department of Manpower Directorate (Victoria)'s nursing control section. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_World_War_I">Early life and World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Wilson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grace Wilson was born in <a href="/wiki/South_Brisbane,_Queensland" title="South Brisbane, Queensland">South Brisbane</a> on 25 June 1879. She attended <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Girls_Grammar_School" title="Brisbane Girls Grammar School">Brisbane Girls Grammar School</a>, and began her training to become a nurse at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brisbane_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brisbane Hospital (page does not exist)">Brisbane Hospital</a> in 1905. She completed this qualification in 1908. During her period at Brisbane Hospital, Wilson became the first winner of the prestigious gold medal for nursing excellence.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullagh_33_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullagh_33-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later travelled to London for training in <a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">midwifery</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_and_Chelsea_Hospital" title="Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital">Queen Charlotte's Lying-in Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson subsequently worked at the <a href="/wiki/National_Hospital_for_the_Paralysed_and_Epileptic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic">National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic</a> in London. She arrived back in Australia during July 1914, and became the matron of Brisbane Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullagh_33_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullagh_33-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Wilson_in_May_1916.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white portrait photograph of a young woman wearing a nurses uniform while seated at a desk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Grace_Wilson_in_May_1916.JPG/220px-Grace_Wilson_in_May_1916.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Grace_Wilson_in_May_1916.JPG/330px-Grace_Wilson_in_May_1916.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Grace_Wilson_in_May_1916.JPG/440px-Grace_Wilson_in_May_1916.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption>Wilson in her office at a hospital at Abbassia in Egypt during May 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the outbreak of World War I, Wilson joined the Army Nursing Service Reserve in October 1914 and became the principal matron of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Military_District_(Australia)" title="1st Military District (Australia)">1st Military District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullagh_33_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullagh_33-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force" title="First Australian Imperial Force">Australian Imperial Force</a> (AIF) on 15 April 1915 and was appointed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_Australian_General_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd Australian General Hospital (page does not exist)">3rd Australian General Hospital</a>'s (3rd AGH) principal matron.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and the rest of the 3rd AGH departed <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> bound for Europe on 15 May 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-AIF_Project_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIF_Project-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 3rd AGH arrived in England at the end of June and was originally intended to be deployed to France. Instead, it was decided to send the hospital to <a href="/wiki/Lemnos" title="Lemnos">Lemnos</a> island in the Mediterranean to treat casualties of the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a>. The 3rd AGH departed England in early July and arrived at Lemnos on 8 August. The ship carrying the nurses stopped at Alexandria during this voyage, where Wilson learned that one of her brothers had been killed at <a href="/wiki/Quinn%27s_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinn's Post">Quinn's Post</a> in Gallipoli.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conditions at Lemnos were difficult, and there were initially few facilities to care for the many soldiers who were being evacuated there from Gallipoli. Wilson led efforts to improve the situation, earning praise from both her subordinates and superior officers.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1916 the 3rd AGH moved to <a href="/wiki/Abbassia" title="Abbassia">Abbassia</a> in Egypt. Wilson was <a href="/wiki/Mentioned_in_despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentioned in despatches">mentioned in despatches</a> on three occasions during the year, and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Red_Cross" title="Royal Red Cross">Royal Red Cross</a> in May.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson was also offered the post of Matron in Chief at AIF Headquarters in either late 1915 or early 1916, but turned it down as she wished to remain with the 3rd AGH.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1916 the 3rd AGH was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> in England, and remained there until April 1917 when it moved to <a href="/wiki/Abbeville" title="Abbeville">Abbeville</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilson was temporarily appointed the Matron in Chief at the AIF Headquarters, London in September 1917 while <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Conyers" title="Evelyn Conyers">Evelyn Conyers</a> was on leave in Australia. She remained in this position until April the next year, and then rejoined the 3rd AGH.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the war, Wilson was mentioned in despatches again in December 1918, and was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) on 1 January 1919. The 3rd AGH was disbanded in May 1919, and Wilson was posted to England to serve in the 3rd Australian Auxiliary Hospital. She returned to Australia in January 1920 and formally ceased to be a member of the AIF in April of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interbellum_and_World_War_II">Interbellum and World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Wilson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interbellum and World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senior_Australian_Army_medical_staff_December_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white group photograph of eight men and one woman, all wearing military uniforms." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Senior_Australian_Army_medical_staff_December_1939.jpg/220px-Senior_Australian_Army_medical_staff_December_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Senior_Australian_Army_medical_staff_December_1939.jpg/330px-Senior_Australian_Army_medical_staff_December_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Senior_Australian_Army_medical_staff_December_1939.jpg/440px-Senior_Australian_Army_medical_staff_December_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Wilson with other senior Australian Army medical staff in December 1939. Major General Downes is seated to Wilson's left.</figcaption></figure> <p>From November 1920 to 1922 Wilson was the matron of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Royal Children's Hospital">Children's Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>. During this appointment she sought to improve her nurses working conditions, and secured a minimum wage for trainees. In 1922 she resigned from the Children's Hospital and opened her own hospital in <a href="/wiki/East_Melbourne,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="East Melbourne, Victoria">East Melbourne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was appointed the matron-in-chief of the AANS (which was a part-time reserve position) in 1925, and received the <a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale_Medal" title="Florence Nightingale Medal">Florence Nightingale Medal</a> four years later.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson became the matron of <a href="/wiki/The_Alfred_Hospital" title="The Alfred Hospital">The Alfred Hospital</a> in January 1933. In this role she oversaw the first Commonwealth scheme for training nurse tutors.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCullagh_37_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullagh_37-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson travelled again to London in 1937 to lead the AANS contingent at the ceremonies which marked the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_King_George_VI_and_Queen_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth">coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Wilson was called up to a full-time position in the Army and resigned from her position at The Alfred Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served on the staff of the Director-General of Medical Services, Major General <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Downes" title="Rupert Downes">Rupert Downes</a>, in Army Headquarters as the Army's matron-in-chief.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became a member of the Second AIF in September 1940, and served in the Middle East as the matron-in-chief of its nursing service.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heywood_2002_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heywood_2002-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walker_325_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker_325-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson remained in this position until May 1941, when she was forced to return to Australia due to health problems. She arrived back in Australia in August and left the AIF the next month.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Annie_M._Sage" class="mw-redirect" title="Annie M. Sage">Annie Sage</a> replaced her as the AIF's matron-in-chief.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_325_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker_325-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilson was subsequently attached to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Red_Cross" title="Australian Red Cross">Australian Red Cross Society</a> and oversaw an expansion of its activities.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was appointed the executive officer of the Department of Manpower Directorate (Victoria)'s nursing control section on 15 September 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this role she controlled the staffing of all hospitals in the state of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, and had a personal staff of four trained nurses and eleven office workers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Wilson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Wilson_medals.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Grace_Wilson_medals.JPG/220px-Grace_Wilson_medals.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Grace_Wilson_medals.JPG/330px-Grace_Wilson_medals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Grace_Wilson_medals.JPG/440px-Grace_Wilson_medals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3476" data-file-height="2395" /></a><figcaption>Grace Wilson's medals on display at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a>, Canberra</figcaption></figure> <p>Wilson retired following the end of World War II, but continued to work on a voluntary basis for a number of organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullagh_38_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullagh_38-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These included the Royal Victorian Trained Nurses' Association, Royal Victorian College of Nursing, Australian Red Cross Society and the Girl Guides' Association.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, she worked as a trustee for the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Remembrance" title="Shrine of Remembrance">Shrine of Remembrance</a> and the Edith Cavell Trust Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1953, Wilson became the first female life member of the <a href="/wiki/Returned_and_Services_League_of_Australia" title="Returned and Services League of Australia">Returned and Services League of Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several nursing organisations also awarded her their highest honours.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullagh_38_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullagh_38-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married Robert Wallace Bruce Campbell in London on 12 January 1954. Wilson died at the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Hospital,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Hospital, Melbourne">Repatriation General Hospital</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg,_Victoria" title="Heidelberg, Victoria">Heidelberg, Victoria</a> on 12 January 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was accorded a funeral with full military honours at Christ Church in South Yarra.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wilson's medals and uniform from World War I were placed on permanent display at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_War_Memorial" title="Australian War Memorial">Australian War Memorial</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her World War I service was depicted in the 2014 television miniseries <i><a href="/wiki/ANZAC_Girls" title="ANZAC Girls">ANZAC Girls</a></i>, in which actress <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Craig" title="Caroline Craig">Caroline Craig</a> was cast as Wilson.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Grace Wilson along with <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Bullwinkel" title="Vivian Bullwinkel">Vivian Bullwinkel</a>, were memorialised in mosaic banners installed at the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Hospital,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Hospital, Melbourne">Repatriation General Hospital</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg,_Victoria" title="Heidelberg, Victoria">Heidelberg, Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Wilson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grace_Wilson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grace Wilson">Grace Wilson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-McCullagh_33-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCullagh_33_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullagh_33_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCullagh_33_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McCullagh (2010), p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCarthy_1990-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCarthy_1990_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McCarthy (1990)</span> </li> <li 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Women%27s+Register&rft.atitle=Wilson%2C+Grace+Margaret+%281879%E2%80%931957%29&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Heywood&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenaustralia.info%2Fbiogs%2FIMP0159b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Wilson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1990" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McCarthy, Janice (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/wilson-grace-margaret-9137">"Wilson, Grace Margaret (1879–1957)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wilson%2C+Grace+Margaret+%281879%E2%80%931957%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fwilson-grace-margaret-9137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Wilson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McCarthy, Janice (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sage-annie-moriah-11601">"Sage, Annie Moriah (1895–1969)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sage%2C+Annie+Moriah+%281895%E2%80%931969%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Janice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fsage-annie-moriah-11601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Wilson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCullagh2010" class="citation book cs1">McCullagh, Catherine, ed. (2010). <i>Willingly into the Fray: One Hundred Years of Australian Army Nursing</i>. Newport, NSW: Big Sky Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9806582-6-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9806582-6-2"><bdi>978-0-9806582-6-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Willingly+into+the+Fray%3A+One+Hundred+Years+of+Australian+Army+Nursing&rft.place=Newport%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Big+Sky+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9806582-6-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Wilson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1981" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Reid, John (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/conyers-evelyn-augusta-5759">"Conyers, Evelyn Augusta (1870–1944)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conyers%2C+Evelyn+Augusta+%281870%E2%80%931944%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fconyers-evelyn-augusta-5759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Wilson" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1962" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Alan S (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67922"><i>Volume II – Middle East and Far East</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_War_of_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Australia in the War of 1939–1945">Australia in the War of 1939–1945</a>. Series 5 – Medical (reprint ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volume+II+%E2%80%93+Middle+East+and+Far+East&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Australia+in+the+War+of+1939%E2%80%931945.+Series+5+%E2%80%93+Medical&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Alan+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fhistories%2Fsecond_world_war%2Fvolume.asp%3FlevelID%3D67922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Wilson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Wilson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRees2014" class="citation book cs1">Rees, Peter (2014). <i>Anzac Girls</i>. Crows Nest, NSW, Australia: Allen & Urwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74331-982-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74331-982-6"><bdi>978-1-74331-982-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anzac+Girls&rft.place=Crows+Nest%2C+NSW%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Urwin&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-74331-982-6&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Wilson" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Wilson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/WLE0535b">Wilson, Grace Margaret (1879–1957)</a> at <i>The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591408#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591408#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591408#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4642156374134407710000">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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