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underperformance</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: boys’ underperformance"> <meta name="keywords" content="boys’ underperformance"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="boys’ underperformance"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 321</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: boys’ underperformance</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Relationship Between Upper Extremity Erectile Abnormalities with Quality of Life Factors and Physical Self-concept in Boy Students 7 to 10 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadiya%20Zahra%20Karimi">Nadiya Zahra Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Ghiami%20Rad"> Amir Ghiami Rad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physical health of students from an early age and the proper formation of the musculoskeletal system of their body is part of the overall health of these people. Most chronic musculoskeletal problems and pains can be controlled and reduced with education at an early age. Therefore, with the correct and timely diagnosis of these abnormalities, we can play an important role in their proper treatment and control, and in a way, raise the level of quality of life and positive self-concept in students. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between erectile dysfunctions of the upper limbs (head and neck, shoulder, thoracic and lumbar) and the quality of life and self-concept of male students aged 7 to 10 years. The statical population of the study consists of 227 students of shahadat boys’ primary school in khajeh city. Due to the corona pandemic conditions, the research samples were identified after screening and available according to the entrance criteria of the study. To validate the quality of life, the valid WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire will be used for self-concept variables, Dolatabadi, Fatemeh (2007) questionnaire, and for physical screening, a checkerboard, plumb line, and flexible ruler will be used. There is a negative and significant relationship between the dimensions of upper limb anomalies and quality of life factors, and also there is a negative and significant relationship between the dimensions of upper limb anomalies and self-concept factors. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between head and neck abnormalities with quality of life and self-concept factors, with a significance level of less than 0.05 in male students aged 7 to 10 years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20limb%20erectile%20dysfunction" title="upper limb erectile dysfunction">upper limb erectile dysfunction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-concept" title=" self-concept"> self-concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erectile%20abnormalities" title=" erectile abnormalities"> erectile abnormalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158626/relationship-between-upper-extremity-erectile-abnormalities-with-quality-of-life-factors-and-physical-self-concept-in-boy-students-7-to-10-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Translation and Adaptation of Computer Assisted ASPIRA Smoking Prevention Program in Romania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Abram">Z. Abram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Nadasan"> V. Nadasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Balint"> J. Balint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Ferencz"> J. L. Ferencz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Online smoking prevention programs became popular in the last time. In order to extend the use of such programs, existing applications can be adapted and translated in the native languages of the target groups. It is the first time that in Romania such a software was implemented. Our goal was to provide a computer-aided intervention with attractive content targeting high school students who are familiar with information and communication technology. Material and methods: ASPIRA is the Romanian/Hungarian adapted version of a smoking prevention program created in USA. Prior to apply the questionnaire and ASPIRA online program which contains five modules that include tests, videos and interactive games, the program was tested in some IT laboratories on a group of schoolchildren and students. The pilot study questionnaires were completed considering the opinions of young people and the functionality of the software. Results: Above 90% of participants reported a good or very good impression about the ASPIRA program. Only a small minority found that the program included some parts which were too long or reported the existence of any technical problems regarding the functionality of the software. 76% of the participants had little or very little difficulty in understanding the messages presented by the English speaking characters. Only 7.5% of the participants thought that the program included content that was not appropriate for the local culture. Conclusions: The vast majority of students reported favorite impressions about ASPIRA online program. High school students and boys were more critical. Language and cultural barriers did not have the potential to reduce in a significant manner the effectiveness of the tested program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoking%20prevention" title="smoking prevention">smoking prevention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASPIRA%20online%20program" title=" ASPIRA online program"> ASPIRA online program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth%20opinions" title=" youth opinions"> youth opinions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%2Fcultural%20barriers" title=" language/cultural barriers "> language/cultural barriers </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24492/translation-and-adaptation-of-computer-assisted-aspira-smoking-prevention-program-in-romania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Translation and Validation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Children in Pakistani Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazia%20Mustafa">Nazia Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aneela%20Maqsood"> Aneela Maqsood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory is the most widely used instrument for assessing children and adolescent health-related quality of life and has shown excellent markers of reliability and validity. The current study was carried out with the objectives of translation and cross-language validation along with the determination of factor Structure and psychometric properties of the Urdu version. It was administered on 154 Primary School Children with age range 10 to12 years (M= 10.86, S.D = 0.62); including boys (n=92) and girls (n = 62). The sample was recruited from two randomly selected schools from the Rawalpindi district of Pakistan. Results of the pilot phase revealed that the instrument had good reliability (Urdu Version α = 0.798; English Version α = 0.795) as well as test-retest correlation coefficients over a period of 15 days (r = 0.85). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in three factorial structures; Social/School Functioning (k = 8), Psychological Functioning (k = 7) and Physical Functioning (k = 6) considered suitable for our sample instead of four factors. Bartlett's test of sphericity showed inter-correlation between variables. However, factor loadings for items 22 and 23 of the School Functioning subscale were problematic. The model was fit to the data after their removal with Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability coefficient of the scale (k = 21) as 0.87 and for subscales as 0.75, 0.77 and 0.73 for Social/School Scale, Psychological subscale and Physical subscale, respectively. These results supported the feasibility and reliability of the Urdu version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory as a reliable and effective tool for the measurement of quality of life among Pediatrics Pakistani population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20children" title="primary school children">primary school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric%20quality%20of%20life" title=" paediatric quality of life"> paediatric quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploratory%20factor%20analysis" title=" exploratory factor analysis"> exploratory factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145059/translation-and-validation-of-the-pediatric-quality-of-life-inventory-for-children-in-pakistani-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> The Benefit of a Universal Screening Program for Lipid Disorders in Two to Ten Years Old Lebanese Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Georges">Nicolas Georges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akiki%20Simon"> Akiki Simon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassil%20Naim"> Bassil Naim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawfal%20Georges"> Nawfal Georges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abi%20Fares%20Georges"> Abi Fares Georges</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Dyslipidemia has been recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. While the development of atherosclerotic lesions begins in childhood and progresses throughout life, data on the prevalence of dyslipidemic children in Lebanon is lacking. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the benefit of a protocol for universal screening for lipid disorder in Lebanese children aged between two and ten years old. Materials and Methods: A total of four hundred children aged 2 to 10 years old (51.5% boys) were included in the study. The subjects were recruited from private pediatric clinics after parental consent. Fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured and non-HDL cholesterol was calculated. The values were categorized according to 2011 Expert on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents. Results: The overall prevalence of high TC ( ≥ 200 mg/dL), high non-HDL-C ( ≥ 145 mg/dL), high LDL ( ≥ 130 mg/dL), high TG ( ≥ 100 mg/dL) and low HDL ( < 40 mg/dL) was respectively 19.5%, 23%, 19%, 31.8% and 20%. The overall frequency of dyslipidemia was 51.7%. In a bivariate analysis, dyslipidemia in children was associated with a BMI ≥ 95ᵗʰ percentile and parents having TC > 240 mg/dL with a P value respectively of 0.006 and 0.0001. Furthermore, high TG was independently associated with a BMI ≥ 95ᵗʰ percentile (P=0.0001). Children with parents having TC > 240 mg/dL was significantly correlated with high TC, high non-HDL-C and high LDL (P=0.0001 for all variables). Finally, according to the Pediatric dyslipidemia screening guidelines from the 2011 Expert Panel, 62.3% of dyslipidemic children had at least 1 risk factor that qualified them for screening while 37.7% of them didn’t have any risk factor. Conclusions: It is preferable to review the latest pediatric dyslipidemia screening guidelines by performing a universal screening program since a third of our dyslipidemic Lebanese children have been missed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20risk%20factors" title="cardiovascular risk factors">cardiovascular risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyslipidemia" title=" dyslipidemia"> dyslipidemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lebanese%20children" title=" Lebanese children"> Lebanese children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screening" title=" screening"> screening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91958/the-benefit-of-a-universal-screening-program-for-lipid-disorders-in-two-to-ten-years-old-lebanese-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Effects of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Screen Time in Spanish Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Medrano">Maria Medrano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Cadenas-Sanchez"> Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maddi%20Oses"> Maddi Oses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lide%20Arenaza"> Lide Arenaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Amasene"> Maria Amasene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idoia%20Labayen"> Idoia Labayen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 outbreak began in December 2019 in China and was rapidly expanded globally. Emergency measures, such as social distance or home confinement, were adopted by many country governments to prevent its transmission. In Spain, one of the most affected countries, the schools were closed, and one of the most severe mandatory home confinement was established for children from 14th March to 26th April 2020. The hypothesis of this study was that the measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic may have negatively affected physical activity and screen time of children. However, few studies have examined the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviours. Thus, the aim of the current work was to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 confinement on physical activity and screen time in Spanish children. For the current purpose, a total of 113 children and adolescents (12.0 ± 2.6 yr., 51.3% boys, 24.0% with overweight/obesity according to the World Obesity Federation) of the MUGI project were included in the analyses. Physical activity and screen time were longitudinally assessed by 'The Youth Activity Profile' questionnaire (YAP). Differences in physical activity and screen time before and during the confinement were assessed by dependent t-test. Before the confinement, 60% did not meet physical activity recommendations ( ≥ 60/min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity), and 61% used screens ≥ 2 h/day. During the COVID-19 confinement, children decreased their physical activity levels (-91 ± 55 min/day, p < 0.001) and increased screen time ( ± 2.6 h/day, p < 0.001). The prevalence of children that worsened physical activity and screen time during the COVID-19 confinement were 95.2% and 69.8%, respectively. The current study evidence the negative effects of the COVID-19 confinement on physical activity and screen time in Spanish children. These findings should be taken into account to develop and implement future public health strategies for preserving children's lifestyle behaviours and health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle%20changes" title=" lifestyle changes"> lifestyle changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric" title=" paediatric"> paediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screen%20time" title=" screen time"> screen time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128256/effects-of-covid-19-confinement-on-physical-activity-and-screen-time-in-spanish-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Enhancing Digi-Parenting Strategies to Mitigate Children’s Cyber-Aggression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misha%20Teimouri">Misha Teimouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our world has been transformed by the use of the internet and the constant flow of information. While this transmission has its benefits, it has also added significant challenges to family relations, primarily in the field of parenting and children's digital lives. Screens, speed, and connectedness are the words that characterize the lives of today's digital generation; it's as if the entire world is in their pockets at all times. Parents attempt to regulate and control their children's internet use in the hopes of maximizing the advantages and minimizing the disadvantages of their children's internet use; however, given that children spend more time online, particularly ever since the pandemic, children's cyber-aggression has become an issue for them. Children may externalize their behavior online, bully others, send anger/hatred/resist messages, share violent and bloody content, and engage in sexting. These types of online aggression make parenting more difficult, especially for digital immigrant parents compared to digital native parents. In response to these challenges, this study investigated the level of cyber aggression among children, as well as the effects of digi-parenting (active, monitoring, restrictive, and warm and supportive) on children's cyber-aggression (sexual, verbal, visual) as victims or aggressors. The study also determined whether there were any differences in parenting styles between digital natives (DN) and digital immigrants. In accordance with the study, boys and older children are more likely to engage in cyber aggression as aggressors, whereas girls and younger children are more likely to engage as victims. Warmth and supportive digiparenting have a greater impact on children's cyber-aggression (sexual, verbal, and visual) as victims or aggressors. This study also found that, when compared to DI parents, DN parents are more successful at digi-parenting and reducing their children's exposure to cyber-aggression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digi-parenting" title="digi-parenting">digi-parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber-aggression" title=" cyber-aggression"> cyber-aggression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20natives" title=" digital natives"> digital natives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20immigrants" title=" digital immigrants"> digital immigrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%27s%20cyber-aggression%20%28sexual" title=" children's cyber-aggression (sexual"> children's cyber-aggression (sexual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verbal" title=" verbal"> verbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%29" title=" visual)"> visual)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181909/enhancing-digi-parenting-strategies-to-mitigate-childrens-cyber-aggression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> A Study of Parental Acceptance: Avoidance Attitude and Adjustment of Urban and Rural Junior College Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20K.%20Adsul">Ramesh K. Adsul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Shinde"> V. R. Shinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Jadhav"> S. S. Jadhav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of the present study was to explore the effect of various levels of parental acceptance – avoidance attitude on various areas of adjustment of urban and rural junior college students. It was hypothesized that 1. There exists no significant effect of various levels of parental acceptance attitude on adjustment of urban and rural junior college students. 2. There exists no significant effect of various levels of parental avoidance attitude on adjustment of urban and rural junior college students. 3. There would be no significant difference between urban and rural Junior College students on various areas of (home, health, social, and emotional) adjustment. The 847 students (427 boys and 420 girls) studying in 11th class of various Junior colleges in Sangli ,Satara and Kolhapur districts of Maharashtra State, India were selected by random sampling method. Study was conducted by using two psychological tests namely 1. Family Relationship Inventory. 2.Bell’s Adjustment Inventory. One way ANOVA was employed to find out the effect of parental acceptance – avoidance attitude and adjustment in various areas of urban and rural junior college students. ‘t’ test was used to find out the difference between urban and rural students on various areas of adjustment. The results of the study indicate that (1) It is observed that three groups of parental acceptance attitude (PA) are significantly varied on home and social adjustment. It means that PA affects home and social adjustment of adolescents. High PA creates excellent adjustment and low PA creates poor adjustment in adolescents. (2) Study revealed that PV significantly affects adjustment of adolescents. High PV significantly creates poor adjustment in adolescents than average and low PV. (3) There is significant difference between urban and rural adolescents on adjustment. Urban adolescents have better adjustment than rural adolescents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parental%20acceptance" title="parental acceptance">parental acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avoidance%20attitude" title=" avoidance attitude"> avoidance attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustment" title=" adjustment"> adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban-rural%20student" title=" urban-rural student "> urban-rural student </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9429/a-study-of-parental-acceptance-avoidance-attitude-and-adjustment-of-urban-and-rural-junior-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> The Connection between Body Composition and Blood Samples Results in Aesthetic Sports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R%C3%A9ka%20Kov%C3%A1cs">Réka Kovács</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gy%C3%B6rgy%20T%C3%A9gl%C3%A1sy"> György Téglásy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szilvia%20Boros"> Szilvia Boros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Aim of the Study: Low body fat percentage frequently occurs in aesthetic sports. Because of the unrealistic expectations, their quantity and quality of nutrition intake are inadequate. This can be linked to several health issues which appear in blood samples (iron, ferritin, creatine kinase, etc.). Our retrospective study aimed to investigate the connection between body composition (InBody 770 monitor) and blood samples test results among elite adolescent (14-18 years) and adult (19-28 years) aesthetic athletes. Methods: Data collection happened between 01.08.2022. and 15.08.2022 in National Institute for Sports Medicine, Budapest. The final group consisted of 111 athletes (n=111; adolescents: n=68, adults: n=43). We used descriptive statistics, a two-sample t-test, and correlation analysis with Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software. Our results were considered significant if p<0,05. Results: In 33,3% (37/111) we found low body fat percentage (girls and women: <12%, boys and men: <8%) and in 64% (71/111) high creatine kinase levels. Differences were found mainly in the adolescent group. We found a correlation between body weight and total cholesterol, visceral fat and triglyceride, hematocrit and iron-linking capacity, moreover body fat percentage and ferritin levels. Discussion: It is important to start education about sports nutrition at an early age. The connection between low body fat percentage, serum iron, triglyceride, and ferritin levels refers to the fact that the nutrition intake of the athletes is inadequate. High blood concentrations of creatine kinase may show a lack of proper recovery, which is essential to improve health and performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20fat%20percentage" title="body fat percentage">body fat percentage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creatine%20kinase" title=" creatine kinase"> creatine kinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recovery" title=" recovery"> recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20nutrition" title=" sports nutrition"> sports nutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155710/the-connection-between-body-composition-and-blood-samples-results-in-aesthetic-sports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Contribution of Elderly Widows Orphans Family Support in reducing vulnerability among children affected by HIV in Kapchorwa District</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vicent%20Lwanga">Vicent Lwanga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Elderly Widows Orphans Family Support, a Community Based Organization operating in Kapchorwa with the main focus of reducing economic and social vulnerability among children affected by HIV/AIDS. The survey on reducing vulnerability targeted HIV/AIDS affected households, which included 111 adults and 185 children. The broad objective of the study was to determine how the needs of the children affected by HIV/AIDS could be appropriately met by specifically examining the situation of children affected by HIV/AIDS and establishing their needs. Methodology: The survey applied a structured questionnaire. Parents whose consent for the interview of the children had been obtained then communicated to the selected child/children. If the child consented, an arrangement for the interview was made as regards the time and place of the interview. Lessons: Adult respondents included 22.2% males and 77.8% females. Child respondents were males, 49.5%, and females 50.5%. The majority of the households are from lower economic strata. 74.1% and 63.0% of males and females, respectively, indicated that their illness had affected their income-earning activities; some of the adults have lost their jobs due to AIDS. A fair number of the children are engaged in economic activity: some of those still in school worked after school for wages and looked after their siblings. The income earned was spent mostly on household needs and school fees — one-fifth of children linked parents` inability to do more of what they desired to their ill-health. Elderly Widows Orphans Family Support secured sponsors to educate 22 girls and 16 boys in the community. Income-generating projects like piggery and skill training are given to orphans. The specific vulnerability of HIV/AIDS orphan's needs is responded to now more than ever. Community organisations interventions such as financial support to orphans introduced to moderate the impact of the disease on orphans and families. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aids" title="aids">aids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=needs" title=" needs"> needs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerability" title=" vulnerability"> vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122172/contribution-of-elderly-widows-orphans-family-support-in-reducing-vulnerability-among-children-affected-by-hiv-in-kapchorwa-district" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Self-Esteem in Troubled Gifted and Non-Gifted Children and Adolescents: Comparison within a French Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Macarena-Paz%20Celume">Macarena-Paz Celume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvie%20Tordjman"> Sylvie Tordjman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is still no consensus regarding the differences between gifted and non-gifted students in relationship to their self-esteem and the impact that this might have on behavioral and emotional troubles. In fact, some studies present no difference between both groups or present gifted population having higher scores in self-esteem, while others indicate all the opposite, presenting lower self-esteem in gifted population, suggesting that self-esteem issues are probably due to the fact that gifted children who present low self-esteem might not consider their high Intellectual Quotient (IQ) as a positive characteristic, thus leading to behavioral or emotional troubles. According to the author's knowledge, there is poor evidence trying to understand self-esteem issues in troubled gifted and non-gifted students in France, also finding an important lack regarding the possible moderators that might influence self-esteem. This study aimed to validate the results of these samples, looking for age and sex moderators in order to present recent evidence for the study of self-esteem in troubled gifted students in France. This study analysed the data gathered in the past 12 years for troubled students attending to the National Centre for Assistance to High Potential of Children and Adolescents (CNAHP) in France comparing the results of gifted versus non-gifted population. Primary results showed no significant differences between the groups in global self-esteem (t=1,15 p < .25), consistent with correlation analysis that found no correlation between global self-esteem and total IQ for each of the groups (rgifted=.04, rnon-gifted=.-08). Nevertheless, an ANOVA analysis showed an important effect of giftedness over academic self-esteem even though no significant differences were found (t=1,8 p < .06). No significant differences between sex regarding global self-esteem in any of the groups were found. Nevertheless, non-gifted population showed a significant difference in physical self-esteem, being higher for boys than for girls (t=2.65 p < .01). Sex and age moderator analyses for self-esteem will be presented and discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20and%20adolescents" title="children and adolescents">children and adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=giftedness" title=" giftedness"> giftedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-esteem" title=" self-esteem"> self-esteem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=troubled%20children%20and%20adolescents" title=" troubled children and adolescents"> troubled children and adolescents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92070/self-esteem-in-troubled-gifted-and-non-gifted-children-and-adolescents-comparison-within-a-french-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> An Investigation into Slow ESL Reading Speed in Pakistani Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Javed">Hina Javed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the different strategies used by Pakistani students learning English as a second language at secondary level school. The basic premise of the study is that ESL students face tremendous difficulty while they are reading a text in English. It also purports to dig into the different causes of their slow reading. They might range from word reading accuracy, mental translation, lexical density, cultural gaps, complex syntactic constructions, and back skipping. Sixty Grade 7 students from two secondary mainstream schools in Lahore were selected for the study, thirty being boys and thirty girls. They were administered reading-related and reading speed pre and post-tests. The purpose of the tests was to gauge their performance on different reading tasks so as to be able to see how they used strategies, if any, and also to ascertain the causes hampering their performance on those tests. In the pretests, they were given simple texts with considerable lexical density and moderately complex sentential layout. In the post-tests, the reading tasks contained comic strips, texts with visuals, texts with controlled vocabulary, and an evenly distributed varied range of simple, compound, and complex sentences. Both the tests were timed. The results gleaned through the data gathered corroborated the researchers’ basic hunch that they performed significantly better than pretests. The findings suggest that the morphological structure of words and lexical density are the main sources of reading comprehension difficulties in poor ESL readers. It is also confirmed that if the texts are accompanied by pictorial visuals, it greatly facilitates students’ reading speed and comprehension. There is no substantial evidence that ESL readers adopt any specific strategy while reading in English. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20ESL%20reading%20speed" title="slow ESL reading speed">slow ESL reading speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20translation" title=" mental translation"> mental translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20syntactic%20constructions" title=" complex syntactic constructions"> complex syntactic constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=back%20skipping" title=" back skipping"> back skipping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171910/an-investigation-into-slow-esl-reading-speed-in-pakistani-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Examining How Youth Use Mobile Devices for Health Information: Preliminary Findings of a Survey Study with High School Students in Croatia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Un%20Kim">Sung Un Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Martinovi%C4%87"> Ivana Martinović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Snje%C5%BEana%20Stanarevi%C4%87%20Katavi%C4%87"> Snježana Stanarević Katavić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As more and more youth use mobile devices, such as tablets and smartphones, for information seeking in their everyday lives, the purpose of this study is to understand the behaviors of youth seeking health information on mobile devices. The specific objective of this study is to examine 1) for what health issues youth use mobile devices, 2) for what reasons youth use mobile devices to obtain health information, 3) in what ways youth use mobile devices for health information, and 4) the features of health applications that youth find useful. The researchers devised a questionnaire for this study. Four hundred eight students from two high schools, located in Osijek, Croatia, participated by answering the questionnaire (281 girls and 127 boys). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The results show that among all participants, about 85 percent (n = 344) reported having used mobile devices for health information. The most frequent health topic for which they had been using mobile devices is physical activity (n = 273), followed by eating issues and nutrition (n = 224), mental health (n = 160), sexual health (n = 157), alcohol, drugs, and tobacco (n = 125), safety (n = 96) and particular diseases (n = 62). They use mobile devices to obtain health information due to the ease of use (n = 342), the ease of sharing health information (n = 281), portability (n = 215), timeliness (n = 162), and the ease of tracking/recording/monitoring health status (n = 147). Of those who have used mobile devices for health information, three-quarters (n = 261) use mobile devices to search health information, while 32.8% (n =113) use applications and 31.7% (n =109) browse information. Those who have used applications for health information (n = 113) consider the alert feature (n=107) as the most useful, followed by the tracking/recording/monitoring feature (n =92), the customized information feature (n = 86), the video feature (n = 58), and the sharing feature (n =39). It is notable that although health applications have been actively developed and studied, a majority of the participants search for or browse information on mobile devices, instead of using applications. The researchers will discuss reasons that some of them did not use mobile devices to obtain health information, students’ concerns about using health applications, and features that they wish to have in health applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20information" title=" health information"> health information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20seeking%20behaviors" title=" information seeking behaviors"> information seeking behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20devices" title=" mobile devices"> mobile devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title=" youth"> youth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64244/examining-how-youth-use-mobile-devices-for-health-information-preliminary-findings-of-a-survey-study-with-high-school-students-in-croatia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Depression among University Students an Epidemiological Study on a Sample of University Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laid%20Fekih">Laid Fekih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Depression affects people in all communities across the world and in all aspects of their lives. Its spread varies from one country to another, can happen at any age and get rid of it is not easy. There is no clear policy in Algeria's higher education institutions to detect and treat these disorders or pay particular attention to those at risk. Identifying the prevalence of depression among Algerian students, its correlation with different variables, and studying gender differences in the light of a range of variables is necessary to develop an appropriate plan to raise the level of hope and love of life among students. Method: Random samples of 1500 University of Tlemcen students (967 girls and 533 boys), aged 19 to 24 years completed a self-administered questionnaire that included Beck's Depression Inventory ®-II (BDI®-II), (School Health Promotion: The Mood part), Other questions included in this survey focused on demographic characteristics including gender, age and year of study, academic performance (Annual Average Score (0-20) AAS), were examined. Results: The rate of depression (moderate, severe and extreme) varied from 03% to 13% among university students in Tlemcen University. There was no difference in the rates of depression in male and female students, which means that male and female students do have similar rates of depression. The rate of depression in the first-year of the study shows a higher score relative to students of other years. Depression has a negative relationship with academic performance, which means that depressed students have many difficulties in academic tasks at university. Conclusion: Depression among university students is an important center of interest in the world, not only because of the ease with which they can be followed, or the difficulties encountered during their studies and their technical courses but for the link between the level of depression and the quality of care of mental health services, especially if many students with mood and emotional problems don't meet the criteria for psychotherapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiology" title=" epidemiology"> epidemiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20students" title=" university students"> university students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title=" academic performance"> academic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142695/depression-among-university-students-an-epidemiological-study-on-a-sample-of-university-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Relationship Between Reading Comprehension and Achievement in Science Among Grade Eleven Bilingual Students in a Secondary School, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Mauma%20Efange">Simon Mauma Efange</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aims of this research were to describe, in co-relational terms, the relationship, if any, between reading comprehension and academic achievement in science studied at the secondary level and, secondly, to find out possible trends in gender differences, such as whether boys would perform better than girls or vice versa. This research employed a quantitative design. Two kinds of instruments were employed: the Oxford Online Placement Test and the Local Assessment System Test. The Oxford Online Placement Test assesses students' English level quickly and easily. The results of these tests were subjected to statistical analysis using a special statistical software called SPSS. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, percentages, frequencies, t-tests, and Pearson’s coefficient of correlation were used for the analysis of the results. Results of the t-test showed that the means are significantly different. Calculating the p-value revealed that the results were extremely statistically significant at p <.05. The value of r (Pearson correlation coefficient) was 0.2868. Although technically there is a positive correlation, the relationship between the variables is only weak (the closer the value is to zero, the weaker the relationship). However, in conclusion, calculations from the t-test using SPSS revealed that the results were statistically significant at p <.05, confirming a relationship between the two variables, and high scores in reading will give rise to slightly high scores in science. The research also revealed that having a high score in reading comprehension doesn’t necessarily mean having a high score in science or vice versa. Female subjects performed much better than male subjects in both tests, which is in line with the literature reviewed for this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement%20in%20science" title="achievement in science">achievement in science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=achievement%20in%20English" title=" achievement in English"> achievement in English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20bilingual%20students" title=" and bilingual students"> and bilingual students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship" title=" relationship"> relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180561/relationship-between-reading-comprehension-and-achievement-in-science-among-grade-eleven-bilingual-students-in-a-secondary-school-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">48</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Joubert Syndrome in Children as Multicentric Screening in Ten Different Places in World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bajraktarevic%20Adnan">Bajraktarevic Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djukic%20Branka"> Djukic Branka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sporisevic%20Lutvo"> Sporisevic Lutvo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krdzalic%20Zecevic%20Belma"> Krdzalic Zecevic Belma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uzicanin%20Sajra"> Uzicanin Sajra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadzimuratovic%20Admir"> Hadzimuratovic Admir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadzimuratovic%20Hadzipasic%20Emina"> Hadzimuratovic Hadzipasic Emina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abduzaimovic%20Alisa"> Abduzaimovic Alisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kustric%20Amer"> Kustric Amer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suljevic%20Ismet"> Suljevic Ismet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serafi%20Ismail"> Serafi Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahmiscija%20Indira"> Tahmiscija Indira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khatib%20Hakam"> Khatib Hakam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semic%20Jusufagic%20Aida"> Semic Jusufagic Aida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haas%20Helmut"> Haas Helmut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladicic%20Aleksandra"> Vladicic Aleksandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aplenc%20Richard"> Aplenc Richard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kadic%20Deovic%20Aida"> Kadic Deovic Aida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Joubert syndrome has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. It is referred as the brain malfunctioning and caused due to the underdevelopment of the cerebellar vermis. Associated conditions involving the eye, the kidney, and ocular disease are well described. Aims: Research helps us better understand this diseases, Joubert syndrome and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Different several conditions have been described in which the molar tooth sign and characteristics of Joubert syndrome in ten different places in the world. Carrier testing and diagnosis are available if one of these gene mutations has been identified in an affected family member. Results: Authors have described eleven cases during twenty years of Joubert syndrome. It is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis with the characteristic neuroradiologic molar tooth sign, and accompanying neurologic symptoms, including dysregulation of breathing pattern and developmental delay. We made confirmation of diagnosis in twin sisters with Joubert syndrome with renal anomalies. Ocular symptoms have existed in seven cases (63.64%) from total eleven. Eleven cases were different sex, five boys (45.45%) and six girls (54.44%). Conclusions: Joubert syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic disorder with several features of the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joubert%20syndrome" title="Joubert syndrome">Joubert syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebellooculorenal%20syndrome" title=" cerebellooculorenal syndrome"> cerebellooculorenal syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autosomal%20recessive%20genetic%20disorder%20%28ARGD%29" title=" autosomal recessive genetic disorder (ARGD)"> autosomal recessive genetic disorder (ARGD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70523/joubert-syndrome-in-children-as-multicentric-screening-in-ten-different-places-in-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Behavioral and EEG Reactions in Children during Recognition of Emotionally Colored Sentences That Describe the Choice Situation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuiana%20A.%20Aiusheeva">Tuiana A. Aiusheeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20S.%20Tamozhnikov"> Sergey S. Tamozhnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20E.%20Saprygin"> Alexander E. Saprygin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arina%20A.%20Antonenko"> Arina A. Antonenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20V.%20Stepanova"> Valentina V. Stepanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20N.%20Tolstykh"> Natalia N. Tolstykh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20N.%20Savostyanov"> Alexander N. Savostyanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Situation of choice is an important condition for the formation of essential character qualities of a child, such as being initiative, responsible, hard-working. We have studied the behavioral and EEG reactions in Russian schoolchildren during recognition of syntactic errors in emotionally colored sentences that describe the choice situation. Twenty healthy children (mean age 9,0±0,3 years, 12 boys, 8 girls) were examined. Forty sentences were selected for the experiment; the half of them contained a syntactic error. The experiment additionally had the hidden condition: 50% of the sentences described the children's own choice and were emotionally colored (positive or negative). The other 50% of the sentences described the forced-choice situation, also with positive or negative coloring. EEG were recorded during execution of error-recognition task. Reaction time and quality of syntactic error detection were chosen as behavioral measures. Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) was applied to characterize the oscillatory brain activity of children. There were two time-frequency intervals in EEG reactions: (1) 500-800 ms in the 3-7 Hz frequency range (theta synchronization) and (2) 500-1000 ms in the 8-12 Hz range (alpha desynchronization). We found out that behavioral and brain reactions in child brain during recognition of positive and negative sentences describing forced-choice situation did not have significant differences. Theta synchronization and alpha desynchronization were stronger during recognition of sentences with children's own choice, especially with negative coloring. Also, the quality and execution time of the task were higher for this types of sentences. The results of our study will be useful for improvement of teaching methods and diagnostics of children affective disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice%20situation" title="choice situation">choice situation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroencephalogram%20%28EEG%29" title=" electroencephalogram (EEG)"> electroencephalogram (EEG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotionally%20colored%20sentences" title=" emotionally colored sentences"> emotionally colored sentences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schoolchildren" title=" schoolchildren"> schoolchildren</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70367/behavioral-and-eeg-reactions-in-children-during-recognition-of-emotionally-colored-sentences-that-describe-the-choice-situation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Emotional and Personal Characteristics of Children in Relation to the Parental Attitudes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20S.%20Saveysheva">Svetlana S. Saveysheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20E.%20Vasilenko"> Victoria E. Vasilenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the research was to study the emotional and personal characteristics of preschool children in relation to the characteristics of child-parent interaction and deviant parental attitudes. The study involved 172 mothers and 172 children (85 boys and 87 girls) aged 4,5 to 7 years (mean age 6 years) living in St. Petersburg, Russia. Methods used were, demographic questionnaire, projective drawing method 'House-Tree-Man', Test of anxiety (Temml, Dorki, Amen), technique of studying self-esteem 'Ladder', expert evaluation of sociability and aggressiveness, questionnaire for children-parent emotional interaction (E.I. Zaharova) and questionnaire 'Analysis of family relationships' (E.G. Eidemiller, V.V. Yustitsky). Results. The greatest number of links with personal characteristics have received such parental deviant attitudes as overprotection and characteristics of authoritarian style (prohibitions, sanctions). If the mother has such peculiarities of the parental relationship, the child is characterized by lower self-esteem, increased anxiety, distrust of themselves and hostility. Children have more pronounced manifestations of aggression in a conniving and unstable style of parenting. The sensitivity of the mother is positively associated with children’s self-esteem. Unconditional acceptance of the child, the predominance of a positive emotional background, orientation to the state of the child during interaction promote the development of communication skills and reduce of aggressiveness. But the excessive closeness of the mother with the child can make it difficult to develop the communicative skills. Conclusions. The greatest influence on emotional and personal characteristics is provided by such features of the parental relation as overprotection, characteristics of authoritarian style, underdevelopment of the sphere of parental feelings, sensitivity of mother and behavioral manifestations of emotional interaction. Research is supported by RFBR №18-013-00990. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristics%20of%20personality" title="characteristics of personality">characteristics of personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child-parent%20interaction" title=" child-parent interaction"> child-parent interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deviant%20%20parental%20attitudes" title=" deviant parental attitudes"> deviant parental attitudes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81810/emotional-and-personal-characteristics-of-children-in-relation-to-the-parental-attitudes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Predictors of School Drop out among High School Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20Zorbaz">Osman Zorbaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selen%20Demirtas-Zorbaz"> Selen Demirtas-Zorbaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozlem%20Ulas"> Ozlem Ulas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The factors that cause adolescents to drop out school were several. One of the frameworks about school dropout focuses on the contextual factors around the adolescents whereas the other one focuses on individual factors. It can be said that both factors are important equally. In this study, both adolescent’s individual factors (anti-social behaviors, academic success) and contextual factors (parent academic involvement, parent academic support, number of siblings, living with parent) were examined in the term of school dropout. The study sample consisted of 346 high school students in the public schools in Ankara who continued their education in 2015-2016 academic year. One hundred eighty-five the students (53.5%) were girls and 161 (46.5%) were boys. In addition to this 118 of them were in ninth grade, 122 of them in tenth grade and 106 of them were in eleventh grade. Multiple regression and one-way ANOVA statistical methods were used. First, it was examined if the data meet the assumptions and conditions that are required for regression analysis. After controlling the assumptions, regression analysis was conducted. Parent academic involvement, parent academic support, number of siblings, anti-social behaviors, academic success variables were taken into the regression model and it was seen that parent academic involvement (t=-3.023, p < .01), anti-social behaviors (t=7.038, p < .001), and academic success (t=-3.718, p < .001) predicted school dropout whereas parent academic support (t=-1.403, p > .05) and number of siblings (t=-1.908, p > .05) didn’t. The model explained 30% of the variance (R=.557, R2=.300, F5,345=30.626, p < .001). In addition to this the variance, results showed there was no significant difference on high school students school dropout levels according to living with parents or not (F2;345=1.183, p > .05). Results discussed in the light of the literature and suggestion were made. As a result, academic involvement, academic success and anti-social behaviors will be considered as an important factors for preventing school drop-out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-social%20behavior" title=" anti-social behavior"> anti-social behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20academic%20involvement" title=" parent academic involvement"> parent academic involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20academic%20support" title=" parent academic support"> parent academic support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20dropout" title=" school dropout"> school dropout</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71126/predictors-of-school-drop-out-among-high-school-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Mike Hat: Coloured-Tape-in-Hat as a Head Circumference Measuring Instrument for Early Detection of Hydrocephalus in an Infant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyimas%20Annissa%20Mutiara%20Andini">Nyimas Annissa Mutiara Andini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Every year, children develop hydrocephalus during the first year of life. If it is not treated, hydrocephalus can lead to brain damage, a loss in mental and physical abilities, and even death. To be treated, first, we have to do a proper diagnosis using some examinations especially to detect hydrocephalus earlier. One of the examination that could be done is using a head circumference measurement. Increased head circumference is a first and main sign of hydrocephalus, especially in infant (0-1 year age). Head circumference is a measurement of a child's head largest area. In this measurement, we want to get the distance from above the eyebrows and ears and around the back of the head using a measurement tape. If the head circumference of an infant is larger than normal, this infant might potentially suffer hydrocephalus. If early diagnosis and timely treatment of hydrocephalus could be done most children can recover successfully. There are some problems with early detection of hydrocephalus using regular tape for head circumference measurement. One of the problem is the infant’s comfort. We need to make the infant feel comfort along the head circumference measurement to get a proper result of the examination. For that, we can use a helpful stuff, like a hat. This paper is aimed to describe the possibility of using a head circumference measuring instrument for early detection of hydrocephalus in an infant with a mike hat, coloured-tape-in-hat. In the first life, infants’ head size is about 35 centimeters. First three months after that infants will gain 2 centimeters each month. The second three months, infant’s head circumference will increase 1 cm each month. And for the six months later, the rate is 0.5 cm per month, and end up with an average of 47 centimeters. This formula is compared to the WHO’s head circumference growth chart. The shape of this tape-in-hat is alike an upper arm measurement. This tape-in-hat diameter is about 47 centimeters. It contains twelve different colours range by age. If it is out of the normal colour, the infant potentially suffers hydrocephalus. This examination should be done monthly. If in two times of measurement there still in the same range abnormal of head circumference, or a rapid growth of the head circumference size, the infant should be referred to a pediatrician. There are the pink hat for girls and blue hat for boys. Based on this paper, we know that this measurement can be used to help early detection of hydrocephalus in an infant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20circumference" title="head circumference">head circumference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocephalus" title=" hydrocephalus"> hydrocephalus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infant" title=" infant"> infant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mike%20hat" title=" mike hat"> mike hat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58285/mike-hat-coloured-tape-in-hat-as-a-head-circumference-measuring-instrument-for-early-detection-of-hydrocephalus-in-an-infant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Parent’s Expectations and School Achievement: Longitudinal Perspective among Chilean Pupils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marine%20Hascoet">Marine Hascoet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Giaconi"> Valentina Giaconi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludivine%20Jamain"> Ludivine Jamain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of our study is to examine if the family socio-economic status (SES) has an influence on students’ academic achievement. We first make the hypothesis that the more their families have financial and social resources, the more students succeed at school. We second make the hypothesis that this family SES has also an impact on parents’ expectations about their children educational outcomes. Moreover, we want to study if that parents’ expectations play the role of mediator between parents’ socio-economic status and the student’ self-concept and academic outcome. We test this model with a longitudinal design thanks to the census-based assessment from the System of Measurement of the Quality of Education (SIMCE). The SIMCE tests aim to assess all the students attending to regular education in a defined level. The sample used in this study came from the SIMCE assessments done three times: in 4th, 8th and 11th grade during the years 2007, 2011 and 2014 respectively. It includes 156.619 students (75.084 boys and 81.535 girls) that had valid responses for the three years. The family socio-economic status was measured at the first assessment (in 4th grade). The parents’ educational expectations and the students’ self-concept were measured at the second assessment (in 8th grade). The achievement score was measured twice; once when children were in 4th grade and a second time when they were in 11th grade. To test our hypothesis, we have defined a structural equation model. We found that our model fit well the data (CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.05). Both family SES and prior achievements predict parents’ educational expectations and effect of SES is important in comparison to the other coefficients. These expectations predict students’ achievement three years later (with prior achievement controlled) but not their self-concept. Our model explains 51.9% of the achievement in the 11th grade. Our results confirm the importance of the parents’ expectations and the significant role of socio-economic status in students’ academic achievement in Chile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chilean%20context" title="Chilean context">Chilean context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%E2%80%99s%20expectations" title=" parent’s expectations"> parent’s expectations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20achievement" title=" school achievement"> school achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-concept" title=" self-concept"> self-concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20status" title=" socio-economic status"> socio-economic status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103099/parents-expectations-and-school-achievement-longitudinal-perspective-among-chilean-pupils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> First-Year Growth and Development of 445 Preterm Infants: A Clinical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Deng">Ying Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang"> Fan Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: To study the growth pattern of preterm infants during the first year of life and explore the association between head circumference (HC) and neurodevelopment sequences and to get a general knowledge of the incidence of anemia in preterm babies in Chengdu, Southwest China. Method: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study, neonates with gestational age < 37 weeks were enrolled this study from 2012.1.1 to 2014.7.9. Anthropometry (weight, height, HC) was obtained at birth, every month before 6 months-old and every 2 months in the next half year. All the infants’ age were corrected to 40 weeks. Growth data presented as Z-scores which was calculated by WHO Anthro software. Z-score defined as (the actual value minus the average value)/standard deviation. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 12 months-old [9-11 months corrected age (CA)] by using “Denver Development Screen Test (DDST)". The hemoglobin (Hb) was examined at 6 months for CA. Result: 445 preterm infants were followed-up 1 year, including 64 very low birth weight infants (VLBW), 246 low birth weight infants (LBW) and 135 normal birth weight infants(NBW). From full-term to 12 months after birth, catch-up growth was observed in most preterm infants. From VLBW to NBW, HCZ was -1.17 (95 % CI: -1.53,-0.80; P value < 0.0001) lower during the first12 months. WAZ was-1.12(95 % CI: -1.47,-0.76; p < 0.0001) lower. WHZ and HAZ were -1.04 (95%CI:-1.38, -0.69; P<0.0001) and -0.69 (95%CI:-1.06,-0.33; P < 0.0001) lower respectively. The peak of WAZ appeared during 0-3 months CA among preterm infants. For VLBW infants, the peak of HAZ and HCZ emerged at 8-11 months CA. However, the trend of HAZ and HCZ is the same as WAZ in LBW and NBW infants. Growth in the small for gestational age (SGA) infants was poorer than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. The rate of DQ < 70 in VLBW and LBW were 29.6%, 7.7%, respectively (P < 0.0001). HCZ < -1SD at 3 months emerged as an independent predictor of DQ scores below 85 at 12 months after birth. The incidence of anemia in preterm infants was 11% at 6 months for CA. Moreover, 7 children (1.7%) diagnosed with Cerebral palsy (CP). Conclusions: The catch-up growth was observed in most preterm infants. VLBW and SGA showed poor growth. There was imbalance between WAZ and HAZ in VLBW infants. The VLBW babies had higher severe abnormal scores than LBW and NBW, especially in boys. Z score for HC at 3 months < -1SDwas a significant risk factor for abnormal DQ scores at the first year. The iron supplement reduced the morbidity of anemia in preterm infants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preterm%20infant" title="preterm infant">preterm infant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20and%20development" title=" growth and development"> growth and development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDST" title=" DDST"> DDST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z-scores" title=" Z-scores"> Z-scores</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53256/first-year-growth-and-development-of-445-preterm-infants-a-clinical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Investigation of the Effect of Eye Exercises and Convergence Exercise on Visual Acuity in School-Age Children with Hypermetropia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulay%20Aras">Gulay Aras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isil%20Kutluturk%20Karagoz"> Isil Kutluturk Karagoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Candan%20Algun"> Z. Candan Algun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Hypermetropia in school-age is a pathology that responds to treatment. In the literature, there has been no study of exercise practice in hypermetropia treatment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eye exercises and convergence exercise on visual acuity in school-age children with hypermetropia. Methods: Forty volunteer school-age children with hypermetropia (30 girls, 30 boys, between 7-17 years of age) were included in the study. Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics were evaluated. 40 participants were randomly divided into two groups: eye exercises and convergence exercises. Home exercise protocols were given to all groups for six weeks, and regular phone calls were made once a week. Individuals performed eye exercises 10 times, convergence exercises 5 min. for two sessions per day for six weeks. The right and left eyes of all the subjects participating in the study were assessed separately by the eye doctor with a Snellen chart. The participants' quality of life was assessed using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0. Physical health total score (PHTS) and scale total score (STS), which were obtained by evaluating Psychosocial health total score (PSHTS) school, emotional and social functioning, were calculated separately in the scores. At the end of the exercise program, the assessment tests applied at the beginning of the study were reapplied to all individuals. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-Snellen chart measurements and quality of life in the eye exercises group (p > 0,05). There was a statistically significant difference in visual acuity of right and left eyes (p=0,004, p=0,014) and quality of life in PHTS, PSHTS and STS in the convergence exercise group (p=0,001, p=0,017, p=0,001). Conclusions: In school-age children, convergence exercises were found to be effective on visual acuity and health-related quality of life. Convergence exercises are recommended for the treatment of school-aged children with hypermetropia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergence%20exercise" title="convergence exercise">convergence exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20exercises" title=" eye exercises"> eye exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypermetropia" title=" hypermetropia"> hypermetropia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school-age%20children" title=" school-age children"> school-age children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88952/investigation-of-the-effect-of-eye-exercises-and-convergence-exercise-on-visual-acuity-in-school-age-children-with-hypermetropia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> A Correlational Study between Sexual Awareness, Behaviour and Sources of Sexual Knowledge among Youth in Context of Bihar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanika%20Naresh%20Singh">Kanika Naresh Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uday%20Shankar"> Uday Shankar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Human behaviours are influenced by drives. Sexual drive is one of them. Education regarding sexual behaviour plays a great role in shaping one’s attitude towards it. These days after attaining the age of puberty, adolescents are confused and feel shy to talk about it. In order to get information, they refer to various types of sources and these sources play a greater role in spreading awareness in the mass adolescent population. Sometimes it also leads to the building of myths and misconceptions. Due to increasing incidences of HIV/AIDS, RTIs/STIs and teenage pregnancies, there is a rising need to impart sex education. Aim: The aim of this research was to study the level of sexual awareness among the youth of Bihar and also study their sexual behaviour and sources of influence. It also aims to study the correlation between sexual awareness, behaviour and sources of sexual knowledge among youth in Bihar. Methods: The sample size for the project was 50 youth consisting of both boys and girls, in between the age group of 18 to 23 years from urban and semi-urban areas. The purposive sampling method was used in the research. The tools used were the Sexual Awareness Questionnaire and Sexual Behavior and Sources of Influence (SBSI) scale. The sexual Awareness Questionnaire was developed by Snell, having 35 items. A socio-demographic data sheet was also used. Results: The youth had poor sexual awareness. Internet and Friends were found to be the major source for gathering information. The youth of Bihar were less inclined towards resolving their doubts with their parents. There was a positive correlation between sexual awareness, behaviour and sources of knowledge. Conclusion: The youth of Bihar has poor sexual knowledge. Internet and Friends are major sources of information. Sex Education should be promoted as suggested by various institutions like World Health Organization United Nations. Psychiatrists and psychologists have a key leadership role in introducing these potentially emotionally challenging issues to the youth with consideration of psychosocial and cultural factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20awareness" title="sexual awareness">sexual awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20behavior" title=" sexual behavior"> sexual behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sources%20of%20influence" title=" sources of influence"> sources of influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youths" title=" youths"> youths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bihar" title=" Bihar"> Bihar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146533/a-correlational-study-between-sexual-awareness-behaviour-and-sources-of-sexual-knowledge-among-youth-in-context-of-bihar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Relationships between Motor Skills and Self-Perceived Athletic Competence in a Sample of Primary School Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina-Corina%20Ben%C8%9Bea">Cristina-Corina Bențea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teodora-Mihaela%20Iconomescu"> Teodora-Mihaela Iconomescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lauren%C8%9Biu-Gabriel%20Talaghir"> Laurențiu-Gabriel Talaghir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claudiu%20Mereu%C8%9B%C4%83"> Claudiu Mereuță</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anamaria%20Berdil%C4%83"> Anamaria Berdilă</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to examine the relationships between motor abilities, self-evaluation of athletic competence, and demographic characteristics in a sample of late-childhood participants. Defined as physical elements that enable the movements, motor skills are classified according to movement precision as gross and fine motor skills. Across their development, children enhance their ability to coordinate the limbs to produce different actions. In educational settings, they perform various instructional activities that involve the improvement of their athletic prowess and are taught how to strengthen their gross and fine motor abilities. Also, in relation to their activities, children tend to evaluate themselves differently across the various domains of their life. Starting from childhood, athletic competence is one of the area-specific evaluations of competence that refers to one’s ability to do well at sports, including outdoor games. Method: The sample consisted of fifty-eight primary school children, thirty girls, and twenty-eight boys, with ages between 8-10 years. The Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency was used to assess both gross and fine motor skills in eight specific areas (fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, running speed and agility, upper-limb coordination, strength). Athletic competence self-perceived was assessed with one of the six subscales of the Self-Perception Profile for Children. Results: Were examined both the relationships between each motor skills scale and subscales and between motor skills and general self-perceived athletic competence. Results indicated correlations between the athletic competence and four motor skills subscales depending on the gender and age of the children. The findings of the study were discussed related to the possibility to improve children's physical proficiency in educational settings according to the level of self-perceived athletic competence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gross%20motor%20skills" title="gross motor skills">gross motor skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20motor%20skills" title=" fine motor skills"> fine motor skills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=athletic%20competence" title=" athletic competence"> athletic competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-evaluation" title=" self-evaluation"> self-evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146352/relationships-between-motor-skills-and-self-perceived-athletic-competence-in-a-sample-of-primary-school-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Combine Resection of Talocalcaneal Tarsal Coalition and Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy. Short-to-Intermediate Term Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naum%20Simanovsky">Naum Simanovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Goldman"> Vladimir Goldman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Zaidman"> Michael Zaidman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The optimal algorithm for the management of symptomatic tarsal coalition is still under discussion in pediatric literature. It's debatable what surgical steps are essential to achieve the best outcome. Method: The investigators retrospectively reviewed the records of twelve patients with symptomatic tarsal coalition that were treated operatively between 2017 and 2019. Only painful flat feet were operated. Two patients were excluded from the study due to lack of sufficient follow-up. Ten of eleven feet were treated with the combination of calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO) and resection of coalition (RC). Only one foot was operated with CLO alone. In half of our patients, Achilles lengthening was performed. For two children, medial plication was added. Short leg cast was applied to all children for 6-8 weeks, and soft shoe insoles for medial arch support were prescribed after. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic records were reviewed. The outcome was evaluated using American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle Hindfoot Score. Results: There were seven boys and three girls. The mean age at the time of surgery was 13.9 (range 12 to 17) years, and the mean follow-up was 18 (range 8 to 34) months. The early complications included one superficial wound infection and dehiscence. Late complication includes two children with residual forefoot supination. None of our patients required additional operations during the follow-up period. All feet achieved complete deformity correction or dramatic improvement. In the last follow-up, seven feet were painless, and four children had some mild pain after intensive activities. All feet achieved excellent and good scoring on AOFAS. Conclusions: Many patients with talocalcaneal coalition also have rigid or stiff, painful, flat feet. For these patients, the resection of coalition with concomitant CLO can be safely recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarsal%20coalition" title="Tarsal coalition">Tarsal coalition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20lengthening%20osteotomy." title=" calcaneal lengthening osteotomy."> calcaneal lengthening osteotomy.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20foot" title=" flat foot"> flat foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coalition%20resection" title=" coalition resection"> coalition resection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174145/combine-resection-of-talocalcaneal-tarsal-coalition-and-calcaneal-lengthening-osteotomy-short-to-intermediate-term-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> The Effects of High-frequency rTMS Targeting the Mirror Neurons on Improving Social Awareness in ASD, the Preliminary Analysis of a Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitra%20Assadi">Mitra Assadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Faan"> Md. Faan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a common neurodevelopmental disorder with limited pharmacological interventions. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has produced promising results in ASD, although there is no consensus regarding optimal targets or stimulation paradigms. A prevailing theory in ASD attributes the core deficits to dysfunction of the mirror neurons located in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Methods: Thus far, 11 subjects with ASD, 10 boys and 1 girl with the mean age of 13.36 years have completed the study by receiving 10 session of high frequency rTMS to the IPL. The subjects were randomized to receive stimulation on the left or right IPL and sham stimulation to the opposite side. The outcome measures included the Social Responsiveness Scale – Second Edition (SRS-2) and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Verbal Fluency task. Results: None of the 11 subjects experienced any adverse effects. The rTMS did not produce any improvement in verbal fluency, nor there was any statistically significant difference between the right versus left sided stimulation. Analysis of social awareness on SRS-2 (SRS-AWR) indicated a close to significant effect of the treatment with a small to medium effect size. After removing a single subject with Level 3 ASD, we demonstrated a close to significant improvement on SRS-AWR with a large effect size. The analysis of the data 3-month post TMS demonstrated return of the SRS-AWR values to baseline. Conclusion: This preliminary analysis of the 11 subjects who have completed our study thus far shows a favorable response to high frequency rTMS stimulation of the mirror neurons/IPL on social awareness. While the decay of the response noted during the 3-month follow-up may be considered a limitation of rTMS, the presence of the improvement, especially the effect size despite the small sample size, is indicative of the efficacy of this technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rTMS" title="rTMS">rTMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title=" autism"> autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoial%20cognition" title=" scoial cognition"> scoial cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mirror%20neurons" title=" mirror neurons"> mirror neurons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166141/the-effects-of-high-frequency-rtms-targeting-the-mirror-neurons-on-improving-social-awareness-in-asd-the-preliminary-analysis-of-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Effects of Arts-Mediated Mother-Child Dyads Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Korean Children with ADHD: On Behaviors in Children and Subjective Psychological States in Mothers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongil%20Kim">Jeongil Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study examined the effects of arts-mediated mother-child dyads mindfulness-based intervention for Korean children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their mothers, on behaviors in children and subjective psychological states in mothers. Four elementary school boys with ADHD and their mothers participated in the study. Using a multiple baseline design across four mother-child dyads, data were collected on the target behaviors (disruptive behavior, on-task behavior, and compliance in class) in children using a 10-second partial interval recording system and on the subjective psychological states in mothers using four questionnaires (on perceived stress, burnout, mindfulness, and satisfaction with life). The intervention consisted of a) mindfulness training, b) mindfulness practice, and c) mindful management of body and feeling. The arts activities, making a coiled clay pot and Korean traditional music performance, were utilized to facilitate the environment to help each participant to understand the content and progress of the intervention program. The results showed that all four dyads showed improvement in adaptive behaviors in the children (increase in on-task behavior; decrease in disruptive behavior) and positive change in subjective psychological states in the mothers (increase in scores of mindfulness and satisfaction with life; decrease in scores of perceived stress and burnout). The changes in the children’s behaviors and in the mothers’ subjective psychological states were maintained when the intervention was drawn and generalized in novel settings. The results suggest that arts-mediated mother-child dyads mindfulness-based intervention would be a mutual benefiting strategy to support both children with ADHD and their mothers who experience diverse challenges in behavioral and psychological aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindfulness" title="mindfulness">mindfulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20%28ADHD%29" title=" attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)"> attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arts-mediated" title=" arts-mediated"> arts-mediated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20well-being" title=" psychological well-being"> psychological well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child-mother" title=" child-mother"> child-mother</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73232/effects-of-arts-mediated-mother-child-dyads-mindfulness-based-intervention-for-korean-children-with-adhd-on-behaviors-in-children-and-subjective-psychological-states-in-mothers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73232.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Combined Tarsal Coalition Resection and Arthroereisis in Treatment of Symptomatic Rigid Flat Foot in Pediatric Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Zaidman">Michael Zaidman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naum%20Simanovsky"> Naum Simanovsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction. Symptomatic tarsal coalition with rigid flat foot often demands operative solution. An isolated coalition resection does not guarantee pain relief; correction of co-existing foot deformity may be required. The objective of the study was to analyze the results of combination of tarsal coalition resection and arthroereisis. Patients and methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and radiographs of children operatively treated in our institution for symptomatic calcaneonavicular or talocalcaneal coalition between the years 2019 and 2022. Eight patients (twelve feet), 4 boys and 4 girls with mean age 11.2 years, were included in the study. In six patients (10 feet) calcaneonavicular coalition was diagnosed, two patients (two feet) sustained talonavicular coalition. To quantify degrees of foot deformity, we used calcaneal pitch angle, lateral talar-first metatarsal (Meary's) angle, and talonavicular coverage angle. The clinical results were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle Hindfoot Score. Results. The mean follow-up was 28 month. The preoperative mean talonavicular coverage angle was 17,75º as compared with postoperative mean angle of 5.4º. The calcaneal pitch angle improved from mean 6,8º to 16,4º. The mean preoperative Meary’s angle of -11.3º improved to mean 2.8º. The preoperative mean AOFAS score improved from 54.7 to 93.1 points post-operatively. In nine of twelve feet, overall clinical outcome judged by AOFAS scale was excellent (90-100 points), in three feet was good (80-90 points). Six patients (ten feet) obviously improved their subtalar range of motion. Conclusion. For symptomatic stiff or rigid flat feet associated with tarsal coalition, the combination of coalition resection and arthroereisis leads to normalization of radiographic parameters, clinical and functional improvement with good patient’s satisfaction and likely to be more effective than the isolated procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigid%20flat%20foot" title="rigid flat foot">rigid flat foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tarsal%20coalition%20resection" title=" tarsal coalition resection"> tarsal coalition resection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arthroereisis" title=" arthroereisis"> arthroereisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outcome" title=" outcome"> outcome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174910/combined-tarsal-coalition-resection-and-arthroereisis-in-treatment-of-symptomatic-rigid-flat-foot-in-pediatric-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Association between Dental Caries and Asthma among 12-15 Years Old School Children Studying in Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajeeha%20Zahid">Wajeeha Zahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafquat%20Rozi"> Shafquat Rozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20Raza"> Farhan Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masood%20Kadir"> Masood Kadir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Dental caries affects the overall health and well-being of children. Findings from various international studies regarding the association of dental caries with asthma are inconsistent. With the increasing burden of caries and childhood asthma, it becomes imperative for an underdeveloped country like Pakistan where resources are limited to identify whether there is a relationship between the two. This study aims to identify an association between dental caries and asthma. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 544 children aged 12-15 years recruited from five private schools in Karachi. Information on asthma was collected through the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed questions regarding child’s demographics, physician diagnoses of asthma, type of medication administered, family history of asthma and allergies, dietary habits and oral hygiene behavior. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT Index (Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth) index The data was analyzed using Cox proportional Hazard algorithm and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CI were reported. Results: This study comprises of 306 (56.3%) boys and 238 (43.8%) girls. The mean age of children was 13.2 ± (0.05) years. The total number of children with carious teeth (DMFT > 0) were 166/544 (30.5%), and the decayed component contributed largely (22.8%) to the DMFT score. The prevalence of physician’s diagnosed asthma was 13%. This study identified almost 7% asthmatic children using the internationally validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) tool and 8 children with childhood asthma were identified by parent interviews. Overall prevalence of asthma was 109/544 (20%). The prevalence of caries in asthmatic children was 28.4% as compared to 31% among non-asthmatic children. The adjusted prevalence ratio of dental caries in asthmatic children was 0.8 (95% CI 0.59-1.29). After adjusting for carious food intake, age, oral hygiene index and dentist visit, the association between asthma and dental caries turned out to be non-significant. Conclusion: There was no association between asthma and dental caries among children who participated in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title="asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caries" title=" caries"> caries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school-based" title=" school-based"> school-based</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84700/association-between-dental-caries-and-asthma-among-12-15-years-old-school-children-studying-in-karachi-pakistan-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Voice Quality in Italian-Speaking Children with Autism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrizia%20Bonaventura">Patrizia Bonaventura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20Di%20Renzo"> Magda Di Renzo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This project aims to measure and assess the voice quality in children with autism. Few previous studies exist which have analyzed the voice quality of individuals with autism: abnormal voice characteristics have been found, like a high pitch, great pitch range, and sing-song quality. Existing studies did not focus specifically on Italian-speaking children’s voices and provided analysis of a few acoustic parameters. The present study aimed to gather more data and to perform acoustic analysis of the voice of children with autism in order to identify patterns of abnormal voice features that might shed some light on the causes of the dysphonia and possibly be used to create a pediatric assessment tool for early identification of autism. The participants were five native Italian-speaking boys with autism between the age of 4 years and 10 years (mean 6.8 ± SD 1.4). The children had a diagnosis of autism, were verbal, and had no other comorbid conditions (like Down syndrome or ADHD). The voices of the autistic children were recorded in the production of sustained vowels [ah] and [ih] and of sentences from the Italian version of the CAPE-V voice assessment test. The following voice parameters, representative of normal quality, were analyzed by acoustic spectrography through Praat: Speaking Fundamental Frequency, F0 range, average intensity, and dynamic range. The results showed that the pitch parameters (Speaking Fundamental Frequency and F0 range), as well as the intensity parameters (average intensity and dynamic range), were significantly different from the relative normal reference thresholds. Also, variability among children was found, so confirming a tendency revealed in previous studies of individual variation in these aspects of voice quality. The results indicate a general pattern of abnormal voice quality characterized by a high pitch and large variations in pitch and intensity. These acoustic voice characteristics found in Italian-speaking autistic children match those found in children speaking other languages, indicating that autism symptoms affecting voice quality might be independent of the native language of the children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice%20disorders" title=" voice disorders"> voice disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20science" title=" speech science"> speech science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20analysis%20of%20voice" title=" acoustic analysis of voice"> acoustic analysis of voice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148431/voice-quality-in-italian-speaking-children-with-autism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a 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