CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-critters-container><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Artists of the World – DeGruyter</title> <base href="/"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon-aow.ico" sizes="any"> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/assets/site.webmanifest"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#8f1dcb"> <script type="text/javascript"> var _ll = _ll || []; </script> <script src="//connect.liblynx.com/log/js/counter5.min.js" async defer></script> <style>@layer primeng{.p-component,.p-component *{box-sizing:border-box}@-webkit-keyframes p-fadein{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}button{border-radius:0}.p-icon-wrapper{display:inline-flex}.p-icon{display:inline-block}}@-webkit-keyframes p-icon-spin{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0)}to{-webkit-transform:rotate(359deg);transform:rotate(359deg)}}@layer primeng{.p-inputtext{margin:0}}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-Black-V3K45DD4.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:900;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-BlackItalic-VRXHVHS3.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:900;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-Bold-ABTAPC2V.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-BoldItalic-LBTFKCRT.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-ExtraBold-3PXI42DS.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:800;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-ExtraBoldItalic-LDTORKBI.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:800;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-ExtraLight-ZAVEFSPL.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:200;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-ExtraLightItalic-OVKRTWWF.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:200;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-Italic-3PDOTRL6.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-Light-VQBDBNAJ.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-LightItalic-WJXYFMKH.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:300;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-Medium-MLSIMEIZ.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-MediumItalic-EJ6L53NP.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:500;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-Regular-KTDWECCU.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-SemiBold-SQJZNN4B.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:600;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;src:url("./media/Montserrat-SemiBoldItalic-TVTEZJCL.ttf") format("truetype");font-weight:600;font-style:italic}.button{line-height:1.2;display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:.7rem;align-items:center;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-weight:500;background-color:transparent;border:0;color:#fff;background-color:#19007e;border-radius:4em;text-wrap:balance;cursor:pointer;justify-content:flex-start;padding:1.2em 2em;font-size:1.12rem}@media (hover: hover){.button:hover{background-color:#8f1dcb}}@media (min-width: 576px){.button{justify-content:center;padding:1.2em 2.75em;font-size:1rem}}body{-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;line-height:1.675;color:#1d1d1d}@page{size:A4;margin:15mm 15mm 30mm}@media print{html,body{width:210mm;height:297mm;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif}}a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit}a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.15em;text-decoration-thickness:.07em}@media (hover: none){a:hover{text-decoration:none}}h1{font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif}h1.title{margin:1rem 0;font-size:3rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.1;text-wrap:balance;text-underline-offset:.1em}@media (max-width: 576px){h1.title{font-size:2rem}}.left{text-align:left}.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase}body,html{font-size:16px}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){body,html{font-size:15px}}@media screen and (min-width: 1200px){body,html{font-size:16px}}.max-width{max-width:min(100%,80rem)}.med-width{max-width:min(100%,50rem)}@media print{.hide-on-print{display:none!important}}@media screen{.hide-on-screen{display:none!important}}:root{--scrollbar-border-radius: .2em;--scrollbar-padding: .3em;--scrollbar-track-color: transparent;--scrollbar-thumb-color: #a1a0a0;--scrollbar-size: .5em}html{scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:var(--scrollbar-thumb-color) var(--scrollbar-track-color)}@layer primeng{.p-dropdown{background:transparent;border:none;width:100%}@media (min-width: 768px){.p-dropdown{margin-right:.5rem}}.p-dropdown .p-dropdown-label{background:none;border:0 none;padding:.5em 0em .5rem 1.5rem;color:#610094;font-weight:500}.p-dropdown .p-dropdown-label:focus,.p-dropdown .p-dropdown-label:enabled:focus{outline:0 none;box-shadow:none}.p-dropdown .p-dropdown-trigger{background:#f5e1ff;margin:1em;color:#19007e;width:1.4rem;height:1.4rem;border-radius:2em;display:flex;box-sizing:content-box}@media (min-width: 768px){.p-dropdown .p-dropdown-trigger{margin:1em}}.p-inputwrapper{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-direction:row}.homepage .p-dropdown{--p-anchor-gutter: -.15rem}@media (min-width: 768px){.homepage .p-dropdown{--p-anchor-gutter: .95rem}}.p-autocomplete{width:100%}.p-autocomplete-input{border:0;font-size:1rem;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;background-color:unset;color:#1d1d1d;font-weight:400;text-wrap:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;outline:none;width:100%}.p-autocomplete-clear-icon{position:absolute;right:0;top:50%}}html,body{height:100%;min-width:320px}body{margin:0;--safe-area-inset-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);--safe-area-inset-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);--safe-area-inset-left: env(safe-area-inset-left);--safe-area-inset-right: env(safe-area-inset-right);padding:var(--safe-area-inset-top) var(--safe-area-inset-right) var(--safe-area-inset-bottom) var(--safe-area-inset-left);transition:background-color .5s ease,color .5s ease}html{overflow-y:scroll;--navbarHeight: 5.6rem;--footerHeight: 8rem}@media (max-width: 992px){html{--footerHeight: 7rem}}@media (max-width: 768px){html{--footerHeight: 18.75rem}}.pointer{cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.m0auto{margin:0 auto} </style><link rel="stylesheet" href="styles-ZMHNRJIJ.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="styles-ZMHNRJIJ.css"></noscript><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-Q5GYPYUZ.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-P77HHBXT.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-TJ4W3ZPQ.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-MI6SMQRK.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-VP25S3ND.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-FQR5UPXC.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-KNVP2ALQ.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-FG7Q4X3R.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-VLTKLM5C.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-BQD6M2UU.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-BOA4OHOE.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-QQ2PLIA3.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-TOE4S5XJ.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-S2HD45F7.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-PALT6DNO.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-C6KKQZDK.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-3YCEX7KD.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-WTFTM2AQ.js"><link rel="modulepreload" href="chunk-G3L3XQ7W.js"><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0RB2JGZB31"></script><style ng-app-id="ng">#authorizing[_ngcontent-ng-c2788743843]{display:grid;place-content:center;height:100%;width:100%}#authorizing[_ngcontent-ng-c2788743843] .flex[_ngcontent-ng-c2788743843]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem;align-items:center}#authorizing[_ngcontent-ng-c2788743843] .flex[_ngcontent-ng-c2788743843] #logo[_ngcontent-ng-c2788743843]{font-size:2rem;line-height:1}.main[_ngcontent-ng-c2788743843]{min-height:calc(100vh - var(--footerHeight))}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{position:fixed;z-index:2000;top:0;width:100%;transition:background-color .1s ease,color .1s ease;font-size:1rem}@media (min-width: 768px){nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{font-size:1rem}}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] a[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{color:inherit}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] a[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]:hover, nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .active[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{text-decoration:none;text-underline-offset:.2em;text-decoration-thickness:.1em}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .nav-container[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{padding:.6rem 1rem 1rem;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{margin:0 auto;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-direction:row;gap:1rem}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] div[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-direction:row;gap:1rem}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .left[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{flex:1;flex-grow:1;justify-content:flex-start;display:none}@media (min-width: 768px){nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .left[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{display:flex}}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .right[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{justify-content:flex-end}@media (min-width: 768px){nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .burger[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{display:none}}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] #logo[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{position:relative;font-size:2rem;height:4rem;line-height:1;top:-.6rem}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .title[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{font-weight:600}@media (max-width: 768px){nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] #search-bar{display:block;padding:1rem 0 .5rem}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] #search-bar .advanced-search-container{margin-top:1rem;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}nav[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] #search-bar .button-container{display:none}}.shadow[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{box-shadow:0 4px 20px #0000000d}app-search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{width:100%}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{position:fixed;z-index:1000;inset:0;padding-bottom:var(--safe-area-inset-bottom);min-height:100vh;padding:.6rem 1rem;font-size:1.8rem;overflow-y:scroll;background-color:#e6e2da;color:#181818;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:2rem}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] #logo[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{font-size:1.2rem}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] div[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{align-items:flex-start}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .group[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:.65rem}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .section[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .bottom[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:2rem;font-size:1rem}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .row[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}#burger-menu[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097] .close[_ngcontent-ng-c4066642097]{width:1.5rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.light-purple-background[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{background-color:#fcf7ff}[_nghost-ng-c692081160]{position:relative;background-color:#1d1d1d;color:#fff;line-height:1;padding:2rem 1rem;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:block}@media (min-width: 576px){[_nghost-ng-c692081160]{padding:2rem}}.container[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{font-weight:300;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2rem;flex-wrap:wrap}@media (max-width: 992px){.container[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{min-width:100%}}@media (min-width: 992px){.container[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{justify-content:space-between}}@media (min-width: 768px){.container[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{align-items:center;flex-direction:row}}.column[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2rem}.space-between[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{justify-content:"space-between"}.grow3[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{flex-grow:3}#language-switcher[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:.6rem;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start}@media (min-width: 992px){#language-switcher[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{justify-content:flex-end}}#language-switcher[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160] .active[_ngcontent-ng-c692081160]{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.2rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">@media print{.print-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c3615292412]{position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:1rem;padding:10px;border-top:1px solid #000}.print-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c3615292412] .page-number[_ngcontent-ng-c3615292412]:before{content:counter(page)}.print-footer[_ngcontent-ng-c3615292412] .total-pages[_ngcontent-ng-c3615292412]:after{content:counter(pages)}@page{size:A4;counter-increment:pages}body[_ngcontent-ng-c3615292412]{counter-reset:page;margin-bottom:50px}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.light-purple-background[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{background-color:#fcf7ff}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{align-items:center;background-color:#fcf7ff;bottom:-1px;box-shadow:#0a0a0c26 0 -6px 12px;color:#1d1d1d;line-height:1.3;left:0;right:0;padding:1rem;position:sticky;z-index:600;text-align:center;transition:ease-out .15s;transition-property:transform,opacity;max-width:100%}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-link[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{color:#610094}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .container-max-width[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{max-width:1248px}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;text-align:left;gap:5rem}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-title[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:.5rem}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem;margin-left:auto}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .no-wrap[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{white-space:nowrap;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .button-accept[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{color:#fff;background-color:#19007e}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .button-accept[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]:hover{background-color:#8f1dcb}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .button-reject[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{color:#610094;background-color:#f5e1ff}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .button-reject[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#610094}@media (max-width: 768px){.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{flex-direction:column;gap:2rem}.cookie-banner[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519] .cookie-button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{width:100%}}.cookie-banner.cookie-hidden[_ngcontent-ng-c2983489519]{transform:translateY(100%);opacity:0;display:none}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.light-purple-background[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{background-color:#fcf7ff}.full-height[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{position:relative;padding-top:10rem;padding-bottom:10rem;width:100%;display:grid;place-items:initial}.full-height[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657] .bg[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657], .full-height[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657] .bg-ssr[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{position:absolute;z-index:-1;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}@media (min-width: 576px){.full-height[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{min-height:75vh;place-items:center;box-sizing:border-box}}.container[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3.5rem}@media (min-width: 576px){.container[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{gap:3.75rem}}.title[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;text-wrap:pretty;color:#fff;line-height:1.35;font-weight:600;font-size:1.85rem;margin:0;padding:0 1rem;display:inline-block}@media (min-width: 576px){.title[_ngcontent-ng-c622909657]{margin:0 2rem;font-size:2.5rem;text-align:center;padding:0;display:inline-block}}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.light-purple-background[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{background-color:#fcf7ff}[_nghost-ng-c3969133005]{-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{gap:1rem;align-items:center;display:grid;grid-template-areas:"search advanced";grid-template-columns:auto min-content min-content}#search-bar.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-bar.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{margin-left:2rem;margin-right:2rem}}@media (min-width: 992px){#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{margin-left:2rem;margin-right:2rem}}@media (min-width: 1200px){#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{gap:2rem;margin-left:4rem;margin-right:4rem}}#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{grid-area:search;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:1rem}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{flex-direction:row}}@media (min-width: 992px){#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{gap:2rem}}#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] #search-box[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{background-color:#fcf7ff;border-radius:2rem;grid-area:box;flex-direction:column;flex-direction:row;width:100%}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] #search-box[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{display:flex}}#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .autocomplete[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{padding:1rem 1.5rem;flex-grow:1;border-top:1px solid #dddddd}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .autocomplete[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{padding:1rem;border-top:none}}#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .advanced-search-nav-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{margin-top:1rem;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] #advanced-search[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{grid-area:advanced;color:#610094;text-decoration:underline;font-size:1rem;text-wrap:nowrap}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-bar[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] #advanced-search[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{font-size:.9rem}}#search-bar.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{grid-template-areas:"search" "advanced";grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}#search-bar.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{border-radius:.3rem;gap:0}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-bar.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{background-color:#fff;padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem;padding-right:1rem}}#search-bar.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .advanced-search-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}#search-bar.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] #advanced-search[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline;margin-right:1rem}.button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;margin-top:2rem;margin-left:.5rem;font-size:1rem}.button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005] .button[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{padding:.875em 2.375em}@media (min-width: 768px){.button-container[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{margin-top:0}}.close-button[_ngcontent-ng-c3969133005]{background:#f5e1ff;color:#19007e;border-radius:50%;padding:.5rem}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">.light-purple-background[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{background-color:#fcf7ff}[_nghost-ng-c2700796574]{width:100%}#search-box[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{position:relative;background-color:#fcf7ff;border-radius:2rem;grid-area:box;flex-direction:column;flex-direction:row;width:100%}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-box[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{display:flex}}#search-box.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{border-radius:.3rem}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-box.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{background-color:unset}}#search-box.advanced-search[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{border-radius:.2rem;min-height:4rem}#search-box.nav-mobile[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{border-radius:.2rem}@media (min-width: 768px){#search-box.nav-mobile[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{border-radius:2rem}}#search-box.homepage[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574] .separator[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574], #search-box.advanced-search[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574] .separator[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{border-left:1px solid #edccff}app-search-text-autocomplete[_ngcontent-ng-c2700796574]{width:100%;display:contents}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">@layer primeng{.p-dropdown{display:inline-flex;cursor:pointer;position:relative;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none}.p-dropdown-clear-icon{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-.5rem}.p-dropdown-trigger{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-shrink:0}.p-dropdown-label{display:block;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;text-overflow:ellipsis;cursor:pointer}.p-dropdown-label-empty{overflow:hidden;opacity:0}input.p-dropdown-label{cursor:default}.p-dropdown .p-dropdown-panel{min-width:100%}.p-dropdown-items-wrapper{overflow:auto}.p-dropdown-item{cursor:pointer;font-weight:400;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.p-dropdown-item-group{cursor:auto}.p-dropdown-items{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.p-dropdown-filter{width:100%}.p-dropdown-filter-container{position:relative}.p-dropdown-filter-icon{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-.5rem}.p-fluid .p-dropdown{display:flex}.p-fluid .p-dropdown .p-dropdown-label{width:1%}.p-float-label .p-dropdown .p-placeholder{opacity:0}} </style><style ng-app-id="ng">@layer primeng{.p-overlay{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.p-overlay-modal{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.p-overlay-content{transform-origin:inherit}.p-overlay-modal>.p-overlay-content{z-index:1;width:90%}.p-overlay-top{align-items:flex-start}.p-overlay-top-start{align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start}.p-overlay-top-end{align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-end}.p-overlay-bottom{align-items:flex-end}.p-overlay-bottom-start{align-items:flex-end;justify-content:flex-start}.p-overlay-bottom-end{align-items:flex-end;justify-content:flex-end}.p-overlay-left{justify-content:flex-start}.p-overlay-left-start{justify-content:flex-start;align-items:flex-start}.p-overlay-left-end{justify-content:flex-start;align-items:flex-end}.p-overlay-right{justify-content:flex-end}.p-overlay-right-start{justify-content:flex-end;align-items:flex-start}.p-overlay-right-end{justify-content:flex-end;align-items:flex-end}} </style><style ng-app-id="ng">.light-purple-background[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150]{background-color:#fcf7ff}.autocomplete[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150]{padding:1rem 1.5rem;flex-grow:1;border-top:2px solid #f5e1ff}@media (min-width: 768px){.autocomplete[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150]{padding:1rem;border-top:none}}.autocomplete.filter-context[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150]{border-top:0;padding:0}.autocomplete-item[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150]{display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:1rem;justify-content:space-between}.autocomplete-item[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150] .tag[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150]{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;padding:.15em .5em;border-radius:.1rem;text-transform:uppercase;background-color:#f5e1ff;color:#610094}.autocomplete-panel-parent[_ngcontent-ng-c2096020150]{background-color:#fff;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;z-index:100000} .homepage .autocomplete-panel-parent{--p-anchor-gutter: 0rem}@media (min-width: 768px){ .homepage .autocomplete-panel-parent{--p-anchor-gutter: 4.4rem}}@media (min-width: 768px){ .navbar-context .autocomplete-panel-parent{--p-anchor-gutter: 3.4rem}} .reset-panel-style{top:unset!important;left:0!important;right:0!important}</style><style ng-app-id="ng">@layer primeng{.p-autocomplete{display:inline-flex;position:relative}.p-autocomplete-loader{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-.5rem}.p-autocomplete-dd .p-autocomplete-input{flex:1 1 auto;width:1%}.p-autocomplete-dd .p-autocomplete-input,.p-autocomplete-dd .p-autocomplete-multiple-container{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.p-autocomplete-dd .p-autocomplete-dropdown{border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.p-autocomplete-panel{overflow:auto}.p-autocomplete-items{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.p-autocomplete-item{cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.p-autocomplete-multiple-container{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none;cursor:text;overflow:hidden;display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}.p-autocomplete-token{width:fit-content;cursor:default;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;flex:0 0 auto}.p-autocomplete-token-icon{display:flex;cursor:pointer}.p-autocomplete-input-token{flex:1 1 auto;display:inline-flex}.p-autocomplete-input-token input{border:0 none;outline:0 none;background-color:transparent;margin:0;padding:0;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;width:100%}.p-fluid .p-autocomplete{display:flex}.p-fluid .p-autocomplete-dd .p-autocomplete-input{width:1%}.p-autocomplete-clear-icon{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-.5rem;cursor:pointer}.p-autocomplete-clearable{position:relative}} </style></head> <body> <app-root _nghost-ng-c2788743843 ng-version="17.3.10" ngh="11" ng-server-context="ssr"><app-navbar _ngcontent-ng-c2788743843 _nghost-ng-c4066642097 class="ng-tns-c4066642097-0 ng-star-inserted" ngh="0"><nav _ngcontent-ng-c4066642097 class="ng-tns-c4066642097-0" style="background-color: transparent; color: transparent;"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4066642097 class="nav-container hide-on-print ng-tns-c4066642097-0"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4066642097 class="container max-width ng-tns-c4066642097-0"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4066642097 gaevent="header_nav_home" draggable="false" id="logo" inlinesvg="degruyter-logo.svg" class="pointer ng-tns-c4066642097-0" href="/"><svg width="1em" height="2em" viewBox="0 0 32 64" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 64V0H32V64H0ZM15.4326 11.9794V12.0045C15.4326 14.2624 13.6889 16.0061 11.1801 16.0061H8.05664V8.00293H11.1801C13.6889 8.00293 15.4326 9.72147 15.4326 11.9794ZM11.1801 14.413C12.6227 14.413 13.5886 13.4471 13.5886 12.0296V12.017V11.992C13.5886 10.5745 12.6227 9.58349 11.1801 9.58349H9.82536V14.413H11.1801ZM24.0629 14.4381V16.0061H17.979V8.00293H24.0127V9.57094H19.7227V11.1891H23.4984V12.7571H19.7227V14.4381H24.0629ZM8.00586 24.7992V23.2061H23.9996V24.7992H8.00586ZM21.0266 44.8201V51.5186C20.1485 52.0329 18.5053 52.7354 16.4606 52.7354C11.8694 52.7354 10.0756 49.9004 10.0756 42.813C10.0756 35.7256 11.9572 32.9157 16.4982 32.8906C18.5554 32.8906 19.7722 33.3548 20.851 34.2705C21.7291 35.2991 22.7452 36.6539 23.2093 38.3849H23.6358V32.5269H23.1466C23.0462 32.7526 22.9459 32.9157 22.833 33.0035C22.7201 33.0913 22.5319 33.129 22.2559 33.129C22.0051 33.129 21.704 33.0788 21.3402 32.9534C20.9764 32.8405 20.5625 32.715 20.1109 32.5896C19.6468 32.4641 19.1576 32.3512 18.6182 32.2383C18.3673 32.1882 18.1164 32.1505 17.853 32.1129C17.4139 32.0376 16.9623 32 16.4606 32C10.7028 32.0376 5.89844 37.0176 5.89844 42.9008C5.89844 48.784 10.7028 53.6135 16.4606 53.6135C20.0482 53.6135 23.5229 51.4183 24.6142 49.775V44.8201H27.3488V44.0047H17.3387V44.8201H21.0266Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg></a><div _ngcontent-ng-c4066642097 gacategory="header_nav" class="left ng-tns-c4066642097-0"><a _ngcontent-ng-c4066642097 gaevent="header_nav_home" routerlinkactive="false" draggable="false" class="pointer title ng-tns-c4066642097-0 ng-star-inserted false" href="/">ARTISTS OF THE WORLD</a></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c4066642097 class="right ng-tns-c4066642097-0"></div></div></div></nav></app-navbar><div _ngcontent-ng-c2788743843 class="main ng-star-inserted"><router-outlet _ngcontent-ng-c2788743843></router-outlet><app-home _nghost-ng-c173562595 class="ng-star-inserted" ngh="9"><app-search-banner _ngcontent-ng-c173562595 id="search-banner" _nghost-ng-c622909657 ngh="8"><div _ngcontent-ng-c622909657 class="full-height"><img _ngcontent-ng-c622909657 class="bg-ssr ng-star-inserted" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAbCAYAAAAdx42aAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAABklJREFUSEtll1uLLEkVhb8dEZlV1Zdz8cy86DCKIM6DIigiygyKD/MgIgzjfxIRQRB8EEQQUfEyMz9O7e7MiL117cjuc8SEqCqKqoxvr32Jlfb9dz4LK9BWWFZjbdAqVIPiQRlQRlAdqhvFoYRhDtEhtsAfnHE/iH3gMYBBWBAeRIBjDCzfAyOv01z2g3cPgAXW1VgaLAdAFYA2HvO9uFEDzP8fwB8Gvg0itPkAAUQkpMfc/HGFAK4MVrAffvmzKFKgwelQYK3QDFrMyFOJjBwMqWAKi9inAqHNHxzfO4Ekc0JLwQ7DdyN2w4cxiuEnCK0G9uFXP02ApRmnxTgJpMJqsMSEKFpocwVmIJChm8YB4BNCADZy85RKfwojvBC9TAClo0JvgVewH3390yhSoxnnBS7VOGtZJESqQKDfPF26qVK9BzwEcT8Bok8FonlGJwDTi1diFNyN7tAN9gKjBPaTb36SAKdmXJpxpVWMS4GTBQtBs8Bm+IQpIl4D3AeoABNg/A+AVcOsQlQU9hgTYAM2C7ru+9F3PglV/KnOza+rcaPPhUOFoIm0aPNUFI/ZAVLABHA3CEFIARt4C1jAasGsYQJwART6kGjBA8Fmjn38vX8kgGS/biU3v9XnokIN1nIAVBUWZP09AmyvAbjvqYCrBloQAmiVkgDLoUBhTwDnPpwHAfz0/b9HtZn33LwZz4pxKwCloTitBiaAGirqCaAa2MDuPFckQH8DwLDaKGXBVBCj4aOwjeDeg/sYPKgxP/7gbwlwKRPgeStPANc1OEuB5q8BShwAlgWoFAhACrgAeEyBwQFQUoE3AZy7GNwL4KP3//oEcFsLzwVRpQJcl+Bcg6UNLCtbCoRGACEppMCbAPtUwKtScADYQon1ADC2Afc++HcCDOzH3xWA5FbuCy+q5RLAjRSoziIF2sytWucJYBfATMObCgwBtJkCOwBMXdBVA5HR30WfAB9++y+pgACe5eaFF0UqwE1xzm0ClGX2t26eM13jeDPsSMNjF4zo8zd5mKgIF4q/VuAJgH0CfPCNP0cTgKQvM/pHgNsDYF0GtigFnvKqE/CSE8UeZho4JmGPwShKg6kPMQSwYFkDxpYF2Lmj82Ad+9Z7f5JaXGfUE+ClPmcKnEtzBJAKLJ49nsNIJ2IvU4V7jeQ5ihPAtDQzKipA84b1CbC72m9wZ/sE+MoX/5j1cntE//JRgRLc1uDSBssyqOsg1lmIOTo1FMYBoANp02E06N7pTACPki1YRoOucWzs4Ww2uC87D6Vjr179Ic5GRv+yGZ+rHApEFqEA1nVQ1oEJYDkAKJhXTIN906nojN7pY6QKXUexxuaY0dsuAFCjbnVw33a22nVW/D5KMT7f4K3VeCWQCs/KAbBMgHp2WEee4elWTAAl04CO5d0Z+2Afne5SIlLy6JWyVdhqjm910bZ2tnVnU3vD79IfXANf4AAo8LwE1y24rM56HpTLwE6OCSBPuopJYmmd570UGOy9s0uFEYxdw6pgdzp/S7ohx9nXwXa1s6u44bcJoOtdjLeAlxjPCK6J2YZXg3rllIvDSQeNYUX5FYC6YSrQu9P3ziaALqtmxN1UapoD+QFnZ7BfOv2UAL9Jn6PrHSkAvABuUpXghLMsTr117OKYfJyqtuiknwqkN8wUOHuqMOh74JuUKdMTIAVkpCKLdG+dfk6AXx8pMN7GcvNnR0quCNYECMqVAAI7RQJYsUOBR3M6AXrWgTNGpBVTp2hzQWgjOYYJMOhKqfGrOGfUkh2eNeOmwAU4h2rOaQI4K/r8AtOYNQGQXZC+UF2QnTA7wHMpPY8pmI54Asw66Ktjb/PLdE8axTcn43qdQ0lQp5iOqMqQLFpMo6jo1QgyvzImhy1Le+4+z4uqlGte1KNO5vgWwN6cfXH2FtiXyi9CzwHnE1xWmZJ5NAsgC16GVAAymSLVjeX10piCbbJkTtz5dMbEnJZpKOWhZ7coFT5ghPxgsFVnr469d/3zdMVyxFerfCEJoOeGNQ5zK++W1k5fHPbYFX1MABmSf/qchvKNstxnw1qZ3aI/yRlrEIXm1rRjArGvPf9ZDqKTHPEyjen5TYCjgfRQIGunYFS6ejISAA+O/csJrf0AkHwXwxYBVIoA9HDyZEojIfb/yvgfWJBK4PPG2KgAAAAASUVORK5CYII="><div _ngcontent-ng-c622909657 class="container med-width"><h1 _ngcontent-ng-c622909657 class="title"> Die größte Datenbank bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstler der Welt mit 1.265.526 Einträgen </h1><app-search-bar _ngcontent-ng-c622909657 _nghost-ng-c3969133005 class="ng-tns-c3969133005-1 ng-star-inserted" ngh="7"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 id="search-bar" class="ng-tns-c3969133005-1 homepage-context homepage"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 class="container ng-tns-c3969133005-1"><app-search-term _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 _nghost-ng-c2700796574 class="ng-tns-c3969133005-1 ng-star-inserted" ngh="6"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2700796574 id="search-box" class="homepage"><p-dropdown _ngcontent-ng-c2700796574 id="dropdown" optionlabel="searchType" class="p-element p-inputwrapper ng-untouched ng-valid ng-star-inserted p-inputwrapper-filled ng-dirty" ngh="3"><div id="dropdown" class="p-dropdown p-component p-inputwrapper"><span role="combobox" pautofocus class="p-element p-dropdown-label p-inputtext ng-star-inserted" aria-disabled="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"></span><div role="button" aria-label="dropdown trigger" aria-haspopup="listbox" class="p-dropdown-trigger" aria-expanded="false" data-pc-section="trigger"><chevrondownicon class="p-element p-icon-wrapper ng-star-inserted" ngh="1"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="p-dropdown-trigger-icon p-icon" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M7.01744 10.398C6.91269 10.3985 6.8089 10.378 6.71215 10.3379C6.61541 10.2977 6.52766 10.2386 6.45405 10.1641L1.13907 4.84913C1.03306 4.69404 0.985221 4.5065 1.00399 4.31958C1.02276 4.13266 1.10693 3.95838 1.24166 3.82747C1.37639 3.69655 1.55301 3.61742 1.74039 3.60402C1.92777 3.59062 2.11386 3.64382 2.26584 3.75424L7.01744 8.47394L11.769 3.75424C11.9189 3.65709 12.097 3.61306 12.2748 3.62921C12.4527 3.64535 12.6199 3.72073 12.7498 3.84328C12.8797 3.96582 12.9647 4.12842 12.9912 4.30502C13.0177 4.48162 12.9841 4.662 12.8958 4.81724L7.58083 10.1322C7.50996 10.2125 7.42344 10.2775 7.32656 10.3232C7.22968 10.3689 7.12449 10.3944 7.01744 10.398Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></chevrondownicon></div><p-overlay class="p-element ng-tns-c3756965041-2 ng-star-inserted" ngh="2"></p-overlay></div></p-dropdown><div _ngcontent-ng-c2700796574 class="separator ng-star-inserted"></div><app-search-text-autocomplete _ngcontent-ng-c2700796574 _nghost-ng-c2096020150 class="ng-star-inserted" ngh="5"><p-autocomplete _ngcontent-ng-c2096020150 id="search-input" optionlabel="name" class="p-element p-inputwrapper autocomplete homepage-context p-autocomplete-clearable ng-untouched ng-pristine ng-valid p-inputwrapper-filled" ngh="4"><div class="p-autocomplete p-component p-inputwrapper"><input pautofocus aria-autocomplete="list" role="combobox" class="p-element p-autocomplete-input p-inputtext p-component ng-star-inserted" type="text" autocomplete="off" name="undefined" tabindex="0" value placeholder="Suchbegriff eingeben ..." aria-expanded="false"><timesicon class="p-element p-icon-wrapper ng-star-inserted" aria-hidden="true" ngh="1"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="p-autocomplete-clear-icon p-icon" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M8.01186 7.00933L12.27 2.75116C12.341 2.68501 12.398 2.60524 12.4375 2.51661C12.4769 2.42798 12.4982 2.3323 12.4999 2.23529C12.5016 2.13827 12.4838 2.0419 12.4474 1.95194C12.4111 1.86197 12.357 1.78024 12.2884 1.71163C12.2198 1.64302 12.138 1.58893 12.0481 1.55259C11.9581 1.51625 11.8617 1.4984 11.7647 1.50011C11.6677 1.50182 11.572 1.52306 11.4834 1.56255C11.3948 1.60204 11.315 1.65898 11.2488 1.72997L6.99067 5.98814L2.7325 1.72997C2.59553 1.60234 2.41437 1.53286 2.22718 1.53616C2.03999 1.53946 1.8614 1.61529 1.72901 1.74767C1.59663 1.88006 1.5208 2.05865 1.5175 2.24584C1.5142 2.43303 1.58368 2.61419 1.71131 2.75116L5.96948 7.00933L1.71131 11.2675C1.576 11.403 1.5 11.5866 1.5 11.7781C1.5 11.9696 1.576 12.1532 1.71131 12.2887C1.84679 12.424 2.03043 12.5 2.2219 12.5C2.41338 12.5 2.59702 12.424 2.7325 12.2887L6.99067 8.03052L11.2488 12.2887C11.3843 12.424 11.568 12.5 11.7594 12.5C11.9509 12.5 12.1346 12.424 12.27 12.2887C12.4053 12.1532 12.4813 11.9696 12.4813 11.7781C12.4813 11.5866 12.4053 11.403 12.27 11.2675L8.01186 7.00933Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></timesicon><p-overlay class="p-element ng-tns-c3756965041-3 ng-star-inserted" ngh="2"></p-overlay></div></p-autocomplete><div _ngcontent-ng-c2096020150 class="autocomplete-panel-parent"></div></app-search-text-autocomplete></div></app-search-term><div _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 class="button-container ng-tns-c3969133005-1 ng-star-inserted"><button _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 id="search-button" class="button uppercase ng-tns-c3969133005-1"> Suche <app-arrow _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 class="ng-tns-c3969133005-1" ngh="1"><div style="transform: rotate(0deg); display: flex; justify-content: center;"><svg viewBox="-1 -1 15 15" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="1rem"><path d="M12.5657 7.06569C12.8781 6.75327 12.8781 6.24673 12.5657 5.93431L7.47452 0.843146C7.1621 0.530726 6.65557 0.530726 6.34315 0.843146C6.03073 1.15557 6.03073 1.6621 6.34315 1.97452L10.8686 6.5L6.34315 11.0255C6.03073 11.3379 6.03073 11.8444 6.34315 12.1569C6.65557 12.4693 7.1621 12.4693 7.47452 12.1569L12.5657 7.06569ZM0 7.3H12V5.7H0V7.3Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></div></app-arrow></button></div></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 class="advanced-search ng-tns-c3969133005-1"><div _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 class="advanced-search-container ng-tns-c3969133005-1 ng-star-inserted"><a _ngcontent-ng-c3969133005 id="advanced-search" queryparamshandling="preserve" class="ng-tns-c3969133005-1" href="/advanced-search">Erweiterte Suche </a></div></div></div></app-search-bar></div></div></app-search-banner></app-home></div><app-footer _ngcontent-ng-c2788743843 class="hide-on-print ng-star-inserted" _nghost-ng-c692081160 ngh="1"><div _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 gacategory="footer" class="container max-width m0auto"><div _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 class="container"><a _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 gaevent="footer_nav_publisher_about_us" draggable="false" class="pointer" href="/uber">Über</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 gaevent="footer_nav_publisher_contact" draggable="false" target="_blank" class="pointer" href="https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/ueber-uns/kontakt?lang=de">Kontakt</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 gaevent="footer_nav_privacy_policy" draggable="false" target="_blank" class="pointer" href="https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/datenschutzerklaerung">Datenschutzerklärung</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 draggable="false" target="_blank" class="pointer" href="https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/unsere-cookie-richtlinien">Cookie-Richtlinie</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 gaevent="footer_nav_terms" draggable="false" target="_blank" class="pointer" href="https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/agb?lang=de">AGB</a><a _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 gaevent="footer_nav_imprint" draggable="false" target="_blank" class="pointer" href="https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/impressum">Impressum</a></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 class="column"><div _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 gaevent="footer_language_switcher" id="language-switcher" class="pointer"><span _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 class="active">DE</span><span _ngcontent-ng-c692081160 class>EN</span></div><div _ngcontent-ng-c692081160>© Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2024</div></div></div></app-footer><app-footer-print _ngcontent-ng-c2788743843 class="hide-on-screen ng-star-inserted" _nghost-ng-c3615292412 ngh="1"></app-footer-print><app-cookie-tool _ngcontent-ng-c2788743843 class="hide-on-print ng-star-inserted" _nghost-ng-c2983489519 ngh="10"></app-cookie-tool></app-root> <script src="polyfills-4R6E2C5Q.js" type="module"></script><script src="main-YC6WGMIK.js" type="module"></script> <script id="ng-state" type="application/json">{"37432930":{"b":{"status":"200","data":{"FOOTER":{"imprint-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/impressum","contact-url":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/ueber-uns/kontakt?lang=de","copyright":"© Walter de Gruyter GmbH {{ year }}","cookie-policy":"Cookie-Richtlinie","about-link":"/uber","contact":"Kontakt","terms-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/agb?lang=de","privacy-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/datenschutzerklaerung","terms":"AGB","privacy":"Datenschutzerklärung","imprint":"Impressum","cookie-policy-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/unsere-cookie-richtlinien","about":"Über"},"SEARCH-SORTING":{"yob-entry-type-ASC":"Aktiv von (aufsteigend)","yob-entry-type-DESC":"Aktiv von (absteigend)","yob-name-DESC":"Geburtsjahr (absteigend)","yob-name-ASC":"Geburtsjahr (aufsteigend)","yob-family-DESC":"Aktiv von (absteigend)","yob-family-ASC":"Aktiv von (aufsteigend)","yob-group-DESC":"Gegründet (absteigend)","yob-group-ASC":"Gegründet (aufsteigend)","editedASC":"Zuletzt geändert (älteste zuerst)","editedDESC":"Zuletzt geändert (neuste zuerst)","yob-artist-DESC":"Geburtsjahr (absteigend)","yob-artist-ASC":"Geburtsjahr (aufsteigend)","nameDESC":"Z–A","nameASC":"A–Z","relevance":"Relevanz"},"CARD":{"end-artist":"†","start-artist":"*","end-family":"Aktiv bis:","start-family":"Aktiv von:","end-group":"Aufgelöst:","start-group":"Gegründet:"},"SEARCH-FILTER":{"NULL":"","active-until-family":"Aktiv bis","active-from-family":"Aktiv von","disbanded-group":"Aufgelöst","founded-group":"Gegründet","first-mentioned-group-family":"Erste Erwähnung","last-mentioned-group-family":"Letzte Erwähnung","name":"Künstler*in, Familie, Gruppe","year":"Geburtsjahr","place-end":"Sterbeort","place-start":"Geburtsort","date-end":"Sterbejahr","date-start":"Geburtsjahr","access-type":"Zugang","year-of-death":"Sterbejahr","family-active":"Beginn der Aktivität","dateStart-year":"Jahr","dateStart-to":"Bis","dateStart-from":"Von","founding-year":"Gründungsjahr","all-content":"Alle Inhalte","group":"Künstlergruppe","family":"Künstlerfamilie","entry-type-artist":"Künstler*in","entry-type-family":"Familie","entry-type-group":"Gruppe","access":"Zugang","place":"Ort","year-of-birth":"Geburtsjahr","publicly-available":"Frei zugänglich","entry-type":"Eintragstyp","artist":"Künstler*in","gender":"Geschlecht","occupation":"Beruf","country":"Land","author":"Autor*in","full-text":"Volltext"},"TRANSLATE":{"ShowOriginalText":"","Translated":"","Translate":""},"RESULTS-PAGE":{"done":"Fertig","clear-filters":"Alle Filter löschen","sort-by":"Sortieren nach","NOT":"NICHT","OR":"ODER","AND":"UND"},"LOGIN":{"not-authorised-individual":"Sie haben keinen Zugang zu dieser Datenbank","register":"Neues Konto anlegen","change-access-type":"Change access type DE","not-authorised-institution":"Ihre Institution hat keinen Zugang zu dieser Datenbank","add-institutional-access":"Institution hinzufügen","how-access-works-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/how-access-works","login":"Anmelden","not-authenticated-institution":"Kein institutioneller Zugriff erkannt","how-access-works":"Was bedeutet das?","institutional-access":"Institutioneller Zugang","logout":"Abmelden"},"404-PAGE":{"back-to-home":"Zur Startseite","not-found-message":"Wir konnten die Seite nicht finden, die Sie aufgerufen haben. Möglicherweise existiert die Seite nicht mehr oder der verwendete Link ist nicht mehr korrekt. Bitte versuchen Sie, die gesuchten Inhalte über die Suchfunktion zu finden, schauen Sie in der Navigation in der Kopf- oder Fußzeile nach passenden Inhalten, oder kontaktieren Sie uns bei weiteren Fragen.","not-found":"Seite nicht gefunden"},"ABOUT":{"about-title":"Über","about-content":"Artists of the World ist das weltweit aktuellste, zuverlässigste und umfangreichste Nachschlagewerk zu Künstlerinnen und Künstlern mit mehr als 1,2 Millionen Einträgen. Es enthält biografische Informationen zu Personen und Einträge zu Gruppen bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstler aus aller Welt und aus allen Epochen. Es deckt alle Gattungen der bildenden Künste ab, Malerei, Grafik, Design, Bildhauerei, Architektur, Fotografie, Video- und Installationskunst, Kunsthandwerk u. v. m."},"GLOBALS":{"FILTERS":"Filter","login-create-account":"Anmelden / Neues Konto anlegen","not-authenticated":"Nicht angemeldet","artist-label":"Künstler*in","Authorizing":"Authorisierung ...","unknown":"Unbekannt","diverse":"Divers","female":"Weiblich","male":"Männlich","logged-out":"Nicht angemeldet","back-to-results":"Suchergebnisse","close-tab":"Schließen","download-complete":"Download abgeschlossen","downloading-pdf":"PDF wird heruntergeladen...","publicly-available-label":"Frei zugänglich","new-label":"Neu","home":"Startseite","login":"Anmelden","family-label":"Familie","group-label":"Gruppe"},"COLLECTIONS":{"all-collections":"Alle Kollektionen ansehen","back-to-overview":"Zurück zur Übersicht","collection-label":"Kollektion","collections-headline":"Kollektionen"},"ARTICLE-SUBSECTION":{"source-manuscript":"Manuskript:","additional-material-author":"Artikel von: ","parisaufenthalt 1795–1797":"Parisaufenthalt 1795–1797:","parisaufenthalt 1830–1832":"Parisaufenthalt 1830–1832:","parisaufenthalt 1824 – vor 1831":"Parisaufenthalt 1824 – vor 1831:","parisaufenthalt 1807–?":"Parisaufenthalt ab 1807:","werke der pariser zeit":"Werke der Pariser Zeit:","parisaufenthalt 1801–1803":"Parisaufenthalt 1801–1803:","künstlerische laufbahn":"Künstlerische Laufbahn:","werke":"Werke","vita":"","bibliographie":"Bibliografie","ausstellungen":" Ausstellungen","biogramm":"","bibliography":"Bibliografie","source-thb-vo-akl":"Thieme-Becker, Vollmer und AKL:","source-print":"Gedruckte Nachweise:","source-online":"Onlinequellen:","source-correspondence":"Persönliche Auskünfte:","source-archive":"Archive:","solo-exhibitions":"Einzelausstellungen:","group-exhibitions":"Gruppenausstellungen:","source-other-lexica":"Weitere Lexika:"},"ARTICLE-PAGE":{"copy-success":"In Zwischenablage gespeichert","copy-citation":"Kopieren","artist-ref":"In Beziehung stehend zu","source-copied":"Quelle in Zwischenablage kopiert","last-mentioned":"Letzte Erwähnung","first-mentioned":"Erste Erwähnung","last-mentioned-place":"Zuletzt erwähnter Ort","first-mentioned-place":"Ersterwähnter Ort","country-vague":"Land (fraglich)","other-occupation":"Andere Berufe","vague-occupation":"Beruf (fraglich)","gnd":"GND-ID","other-sources":"Weitere Artikel","ecorrected":"Zuletzt geändert","gender":"Geschlecht","country":"Land","occupations":"Berufe","identical-artist":"Eventuell identisch mit","pdf-retrieved-on":"Abgerufen am","contents":"Inhalt","view-map":"Zur Karte","places-of-activity":"Wirkungsorte","active":"Aktiv","member-of":"Mitglied von","first-published-print":"Veröffentlicht in ","name-variations":"Weitere Namen","place-and-date-of-death":"Gestorben","place-and-date-of-birth":"Geboren","epub":"Artikel veröffentlicht am","authors":"Von"},"SEARCH":{"load-more-button":"mehr Ergebnisse laden","add-term":"Suchfeld hinzufügen","no-autocomplete-results":"Keine Treffer","no-entries-found":"Es konnten keine passenden Einträge für Ihre Suche gefunden werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es mit einer anderen Suchkategorie oder überprüfen Sie eventuell genutzte Filter.","Result":"Ergebnis","for":"für","Results":"Ergebnisse","SEARCH.range-from":"Von JJJJ","advanced-search":"Erweiterte Suche","clear":"Zurücksetzen","search-button":"Suche","enter-search-term":"Suchbegriff eingeben ...","add-row":"Suche erweitern","NOT":"NICHT","OR":"ODER","AND":"UND"},"NAME-TYPE":{"original-name":"Ursprünglicher Name","mistaken-transcription":"Irrtümliche Transkription","signature-seal":"Signatur/Stempel","religious-name":"Religiöser Name","alternative-name":"Alternativer Name","style-name":"Großjährigkeitsname","given-name":"Vorname","original-family-name":"Ursprünglicher Familienname","transcription":"Transkription","real-name":"Eigentlicher Name","mistaken-name":"Irrtümlicher Name","married-name":"Ehename","birth-name":"Geburtsname","alias":"Pseudonym"},"PAYWALL":{"Contact-sales-url":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/ueber-uns/kontakt/kontakt-vertrieb?lang=de","Contact-our-sales-team":"Vertrieb kontaktieren","GET_ACCESS":"ZUGANG ERHALTEN","payWallContentContact":"Ein \u003Cb>individuelles Abonnement\u003C/b> zur Artist of the World kostet 249€ | 299$ | 219£ (inkl. Mwst.) pro Jahr. Ihr Interesse an einem solchem Abonnement richten Sie bitte an \u003Ca href=\"mailto:orders-journals@degruyter.com\">orders-journals@degruyter.com\u003C/a>.\r\n\u003Cp>\r\nFür weitere Informationen und Preise für einen \u003Cb>institutionellen Zugang\u003C/b> wenden Sie sich bitte an unseren \u003Ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/ueber-uns/kontakt?lang=de\" target=\"_blank\">Vertrieb\u003C/a>.","payWallContent2":"Sie möchten einen ersten Eindruck gewinnen? Schauen Sie sich die frei zugänglichen Artikel an, wie den über \u003Ca href=\"/artist/_10136346\">Hieronymus Bosch\u003C/a>, \u003Ca href=\"/artist/_00130863\">Otto Frei\u003C/a> oder \u003Ca href=\"/artist/_00065621\">Georgia O'Keeffe\u003C/a>. ","payWallContent":"ist ein unverzichtbares wissenschaftliches Referenzwerk für alle, die sich in der Forschung, in Museen oder im Kunsthandel, als Sammler*innen, Kurator*innen oder Galerist*innen mit bildender Kunst beschäftigen. Mit Ihrem Abonnement erhalten Sie Zugang zu über 1,25 Millionen Einträgen über Künstler*innen aus aller Welt und allen Zeiten.","payWallLogin":"Haben Sie bereits einen Zugang?"},"GENDER":{"unknown":"Unbekannt","diverse":"Divers","female":"Weiblich","male":"Männlich"},"ACCESS-TYPE":{"all-content":"Alle Inhalte","publicly-available":"Frei zugänglich"},"ENTRY-TYPE":{"group":"Künstlergruppe","family":"Künstlerfamilie","artist":"Künstler*in"},"ARTICLE-SECTION-INFO":{"pariser-lehrjahre":"Pariser Lehrjahre. Ein Lexikon zur Ausbildung deutscher Maler in der französischen Hauptstadt","lexikon-der-kuenstlerinnen":"Lexikon der Künstlerinnen 1700-1900. Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz","nuernberger-kuenstlerlexikon":"Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon. Bildende Künstler, Kunsthandwerker, Gelehrte, Sammler, Kulturschaffende und Mäzene vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts\r\n","vollmer":"Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler des XX. Jahrhunderts","thieme-becker":"Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart"},"HP-MODULE-HEAD-2":{"subscribe-to-AOW":"Artists of the World abonnieren","artists-of-the-week":"Künstler*innen der Woche","on-this-day":"An diesem Tag"},"HP-MODULE-HEAD-1":{"honour-an-artist":"Würdigung","new-updated":"Neu & aktualisiert","publicly-available":"Frei zugänglich","gain-full-access":"Vollen Zugang erhalten"},"COOKIES":{"cookieTitle":"Einwilligung in die Websiteanalyse","we-use-cookies":"Wir verwenden Cookies und andere Technologien. Einige davon sind für die Funktion der Website notwendig und werden immer gesetzt. Cookies zur Website-Analyse sind nicht erforderlich und werden nur nach Ihrer Einwilligung gesetzt. Einige Services zur Analyse verarbeiten personenbezogene Daten in den USA. Mit Ihrer Einwilligung zur Nutzung dieser Services stimmen Sie auch der Verarbeitung Ihrer Daten in den USA zu. Ihre Einwilligung ist freiwillig und kann jederzeit widerrufen werden.","find-out":"\u003Ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/unsere-cookie-richtlinien\">Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unserer Cookie-Richtlinie.\u003C/a>","accept":"Optionale Analyse-Cookies akzeptieren","reject":"Nicht notwendige Cookies ablehnen","cookieTitleReduced":"Cookie-Information","weUseCookiesReduced":"Wir verwenden nur notwendige Cookies, um Ihnen unsere Webservices vollumfänglich anbieten zu können.","seePolicyReduced":"\u003Ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/unsere-cookie-richtlinien\">In unserer Cookie-Richtlinie finden Sie weitere Details zu allen Cookies, die wir einsetzen und zu welchen Zwecken.\u003C/a>","close":"Schließen","policy-url":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/unsere-cookie-richtlinien","consent-given":"\u003Cb>Einwilligung erteilt.\u003C/b>\r\n\u003Ci>Aufgrund Ihrer Einwilligung können wir analysieren, wie Sie unsere Webseite nutzen. Wir nutzen diese Information, um herauszufinden, wie wir unsere Angebote für Sie zukünftig noch weiter verbessern können.\u003C/i>\r\n\u003Cp>Sie können hier mit Wirkung für die Zukunft Ihre Einwilligung einfach widerrufen.\u003C/p>","no-consent-given":"\u003Cb>Keine Einwilligung erteilt.\u003C/b>\r\n\u003Ci>Wir analysieren nicht, wie Sie unsere Webseite nutzen.\u003C/i>\u003Cp>Sie können hier mit Wirkung für die Zukunft Ihre Einwilligung erteilen.","we-use-cookies-cookie-page":"Wir verwenden Cookies, um Ihre Präferenzen zu speichern und unsere Website zu verbessern. Unsere Cookie-Richtlinien erläutern die Arten von Cookies, die wir verwenden und wie Sie diese verwalten können.\r\n\u003Cbr/>\r\n\u003Cbr/>\r\n\u003Cp>Ihre momentane Einstellung zur Nutzung optionaler Analyse-Cookies:\u003C/p>"},"ARTICLE-SECTION":{"places-of-activity":"Wirkungsorte","nuernberger-kuenstlerlexikon":"Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon","lexikon-der-kuenstlerinnen":"Lexikon der Künstlerinnen","pariser-lehrjahre":"Pariser Lehrjahre","thieme-becker":"Thieme-Becker","works":"Werke","vollmer":"Vollmer","sources":"Quellen","short-bio":"Vitazeile","self-testimonies":"Selbstzeugnisse","exhibitions":"Ausstellungen","biography":"Leben und Wirken","connected-artists":"Verbundene Künstler*innen"},"GROUP":{"disbanded":"Aufgelöst","founded":"Gegründet","members":"Mitglieder","active-to":"Bis","active-from":"Von"},"HOMEPAGE":{"contact-sales":"Vertrieb kontaktieren","see-all-free-items":"Alle {{ count }} frei zugänglichen Einträge ansehen","home-title":"Die größte Datenbank bildender Künstlerinnen und Künstler der Welt mit {{count}} Einträgen"},"default":{"resultsPerPage":"Ergebnisse pro Seite","of":"von","Explore":"Erkunden","Exact":"Exakt","YYYY":"JJJJ","Map settings":"Karteneinstellungen","Geographic Data":"Geographische Daten","Entry Not Found":"Eintrag nicht gefunden","Apply":"Übernehmen","Not found":"nicht gefunden","Report an issue":"Ein Problem melden","nameVariationModalTitle1":"Weitere Namen für","noData":"Keine Daten gefunden","Get Access":"Zugang erhalten","payWallNotAuthorized":"Sie haben keine Zugang zu diesen Inhalten!","navBarText":"Artists of the World","Artists of the World":"Artists of the World","itemsPerPage":"Ergebnisse pro Seite","results":"Ergebnisse","nextResult":"Nächste Ergebnisse","prevResult":"Frühere Ergebnisse","searchResults":"Suchergebnisse","backToTop":"Zurück nach oben","salesTeam":"","inclVat":"","Email":"Email","Alphabetical Search":"Alphabetische Suche","Type":"Typ","payWallTitle":"Hier erhalten Sie Zugang zu „Artists of the World“","Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon":"","help":"Hilfe","Sign out":"Abmelden","Sign in via Institution":"","Sign in":"Einloggen","Sign up":"Registrieren Sie ein neues Konto","Alphabetical":"Alphabetisch","Advanced":"Erweiterte","Standard":"Standard","Symbols and Signs":"","Abbreviations":"","Praemonenda":"","Italian":"","Russian":"","French":"","English":"Englisch","German":"Deutsch","Latin":"","Created by":"","Find on page":"Seite durchsuchen","Overview":"Zusammenfassung","PND-ID":"PND-ID","Place Cited":"Erwähnungsort","Date Cited":"Erwähnungsdatum","Geographical data":"GEO-Nachweis","scope":"Scope","in":"in","Citation":"Zitate","Lemma with lines":"Lemma with lines","Download":"Herunterladen","Copied":"In die Zwischenablage kopiert","Style":"Stil","Cite":"Zitieren","News":"News","Logged Out Successfully":"Abmeldung erfolgreich","Logged Out":"Abgemeldet","Logged In Successfully":"Anmeldung erfolgreich","Title":"Künstler/-in"},"FAMILY":{"members":"Mitglieder"}}},"h":{},"s":200,"st":"OK","u":"https://aow.degruyter.com/wp/wp-content/locales-production/de/common.json?ts=1732834812","rt":"json"},"1991697034":{"b":{"status":"200","data":{"FOOTER":{"imprint-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/imprints","contact-url":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/about-us/contact?lang=en","copyright":"© Walter de Gruyter GmbH {{ year }}","cookie-policy":"Cookie Policy","about-link":"/about","contact":"Contact","terms-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/terms-conditions?lang=en","privacy-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/our-privacy-policy","terms":"Terms & Conditions","privacy":"Privacy Policy","imprint":"Imprint","cookie-policy-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/our-cookie-policy","about":"About"},"SEARCH-SORTING":{"yob-entry-type-ASC":"Active from (ascending)","yob-entry-type-DESC":"Active from (descending)","yob-name-DESC":"Year of birth (descending)","yob-name-ASC":"Year of birth (ascending)","yob-family-DESC":"Active from (descending)","yob-family-ASC":"Active from (ascending)","yob-group-DESC":"Founded (descending)","yob-group-ASC":"Founded (ascending)","editedASC":"Last edited (oldest first)","editedDESC":"Last edited (newest first)","yob-artist-DESC":"Year of birth (descending)","yob-artist-ASC":"Year of birth (ascending)","nameDESC":"Z–A","nameASC":"A–Z","relevance":"Relevancy"},"CARD":{"end-artist":"†","start-artist":"*","end-family":"Active until:","start-family":"Active from:","end-group":"Disbanded:","start-group":"Founded:"},"SEARCH-FILTER":{"NULL":"","active-until-family":"Active until","active-from-family":"Active from","disbanded-group":"Disbanded","founded-group":"Founded","first-mentioned-group-family":"First mentioned","last-mentioned-group-family":"Last mentioned","name":"Artist, Family, Group","year":"Year of birth","place-end":"Place of death","place-start":"Place of birth","date-end":"Year of death","date-start":"Year of birth","access-type":"Access","year-of-death":"Year of death","family-active":"Year of first activity","dateStart-year":"Year","dateStart-to":"To","dateStart-from":"From","founding-year":"Year of foundation","all-content":"All Content","group":"Artist group","family":"Artist family","entry-type-artist":"Artist","entry-type-family":"Family","entry-type-group":"Group","access":"Access","place":"Place","year-of-birth":"Year of birth","publicly-available":"Publicly available","entry-type":"Entry type","artist":"Artist","gender":"Gender","occupation":"Occupation","country":"Country","author":"Author","full-text":"Full text"},"TRANSLATE":{"ShowOriginalText":"Show original","Translated":"This section has been automatically translated.","Translate":"Translate"},"RESULTS-PAGE":{"done":"Done","clear-filters":"Clear all filters","sort-by":"Sort by","NOT":"NOT","OR":"OR","AND":"AND"},"LOGIN":{"not-authorised-individual":"You do not have access to this database","register":"Register a new account","change-access-type":"Change access type","not-authorised-institution":"Your institution does not have access to this database ","add-institutional-access":"Add institutional access","how-access-works-link":"https://www.degruyter.com/how-access-works","login":"Login","not-authenticated-institution":"Not authenticated through an institution","how-access-works":"What does this mean?","institutional-access":"Institutional access","logout":"Logout"},"404-PAGE":{"back-to-home":"Back to home","not-found-message":"We could not find the page you were looking for. It may have been moved or no longer exists, or the link used is incorrect. Please try searching for the content you were looking for through the search functionality, check out the navigation in the header or footer for suitable pages, or contact us for further questions.","not-found":"Page not found"},"ABOUT":{"about-title":"About","about-content":"The database Artists of the World is the world’s most current, reliable, and extensive reference work on artists. It contains authoritative, up-to-date biographical information on more than 1.2 million artists – more than any other database in the world. It contains biographical information on artists and entries on groups of visual artists from all over the world and from all eras. It covers all genres of fine arts, painting, graphics, sculpture, architecture, photography, video, installation art, and much more."},"GLOBALS":{"FILTERS":"Filters","login-create-account":"Login / Register new account","not-authenticated":"Not authenticated","artist-label":"Artist","Authorizing":"Authorizing ...","unknown":"Unknown","diverse":"Diverse","female":"Female","male":"Male","logged-out":"No access detected","back-to-results":"Search results","close-tab":"Close tab","download-complete":"Download complete","downloading-pdf":"Downloading PDF ...","publicly-available-label":"Publicly available","new-label":"New","home":"Home","login":"Login","family-label":"Family","group-label":"Group"},"COLLECTIONS":{"all-collections":"See all collections","back-to-overview":"Back to collections overview","collection-label":"Collection","collections-headline":"Collections"},"ARTICLE-SUBSECTION":{"source-manuscript":"Manuscript:","additional-material-author":"Article by: ","parisaufenthalt 1795–1797":"Parisaufenthalt 1795–1797:","parisaufenthalt 1830–1832":"Parisaufenthalt 1830–1832:","parisaufenthalt 1824 – vor 1831":"Parisaufenthalt 1824 – vor 1831:","parisaufenthalt 1807–?":"Parisaufenthalt ab 1807:","werke der pariser zeit":"Werke der Pariser Zeit:","parisaufenthalt 1801–1803":"Parisaufenthalt 1801–1803:","künstlerische laufbahn":"Künstlerische Laufbahn:","werke":"Works","vita":"","bibliographie":"Bibliography","ausstellungen":"Exhibitions","biogramm":"","bibliography":"Bibliography","source-thb-vo-akl":"Thieme-Becker, Vollmer, and AKL:","source-print":"Printed sources:","source-online":"Online sources:","source-correspondence":"Personal correspondence:","source-archive":"Archives:","solo-exhibitions":"Solo exhibitions:","group-exhibitions":"Group exhibitions:","source-other-lexica":"Other encyclopedias:"},"ARTICLE-PAGE":{"copy-success":"Copied to clipboard","copy-citation":"Copy","artist-ref":"Related to","source-copied":"Source copied to clipboard","last-mentioned":"Last mentioned","first-mentioned":"First mentioned","last-mentioned-place":"Last place mentioned","first-mentioned-place":"First place mentioned ","country-vague":"Country (questionable)","other-occupation":"Other occupations","vague-occupation":"Occupation (questionable)","gnd":"GND ID","other-sources":"Additional articles","ecorrected":"Last edited","gender":"Gender","country":"Country","occupations":"Occupations","identical-artist":"Possibly identical to ","pdf-retrieved-on":"Retrieved on","contents":"Article contents","view-map":"View Map","places-of-activity":"Places of Activity","active":"Active","member-of":"Member of","first-published-print":"Published in","name-variations":"Name Variations","place-and-date-of-death":"Died","place-and-date-of-birth":"Born","epub":"Article published on","authors":"By"},"SEARCH":{"load-more-button":"Load more results","add-term":"Add search field","no-autocomplete-results":"No matching results","no-entries-found":"No matching entries could be found for your search. Please try a different search category or check the filters you may have activated.","Result":"result","for":"for","Results":"results","SEARCH.range-from":"From YYYY","advanced-search":"Advanced Search","clear":"Clear","search-button":"Search","enter-search-term":"Enter search term ...","add-row":"Add Row","NOT":"NOT","OR":"OR","AND":"AND"},"NAME-TYPE":{"original-name":"Original name","mistaken-transcription":"Erroneous transcription","signature-seal":"Signature/Seal","religious-name":"Religious name","alternative-name":"Alternative name","style-name":"Style name","given-name":"Given name","original-family-name":"Original family name","transcription":"Transcription","real-name":"Real name","mistaken-name":"Mistaken name","married-name":"Married name","birth-name":"Birth name","alias":"Alias"},"PAYWALL":{"Contact-sales-url":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/about-us/contact/sales?lang=en","Contact-our-sales-team":"Contact our sales team","GET_ACCESS":"GET ACCESS","payWallContentContact":"An \u003Cb>individual subscription\u003C/b> to Artist of the World costs €249 | $299 | £219 (incl. VAT) per year. If you are interested in such a subscription, please contact \u003Ca href=\"mailto:orders-journals@degruyter.com\">orders-journals@degruyter.com\u003C/a>.\r\n\u003Cp>\r\nFor further information and prices for \u003Cb>institutional access\u003C/b>, please contact our \u003Ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/about-us/contact?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Sales Team\u003C/a>.","payWallContent2":"Would you like to get a first impression? Take a look at the freely accessible articles, such as the ones on \u003Ca href=\"/artist/_10136346\">Hieronymus Bosch\u003C/a>, \u003Ca href=\"/artist/_00130863\">Otto Frei\u003C/a>, or \u003Ca href=\"/artist/_00065621\">Georgia O'Keeffe\u003C/a>. ","payWallContent":"is an indispensable scholarly reference work for anyone involved in research, museums or the art trade, as a collector, curator or gallery owner. Your subscription gives you access to over 1.25 million entries on artists from all over the world and all eras.","payWallLogin":"Already have access?"},"GENDER":{"unknown":"Unknown","diverse":"Diverse","female":"Female","male":"Male"},"ACCESS-TYPE":{"all-content":"All Content","publicly-available":"Publicly available"},"ENTRY-TYPE":{"group":"Artist group","family":"Artist family","artist":"Artist"},"ARTICLE-SECTION-INFO":{"pariser-lehrjahre":"Pariser Lehrjahre. Ein Lexikon zur Ausbildung deutscher Maler in der französischen Hauptstadt","lexikon-der-kuenstlerinnen":"Lexikon der Künstlerinnen 1700-1900. Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz","nuernberger-kuenstlerlexikon":"Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon. Bildende Künstler, Kunsthandwerker, Gelehrte, Sammler, Kulturschaffende und Mäzene vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts\r\n","vollmer":"Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler des XX. Jahrhunderts","thieme-becker":"Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart"},"HP-MODULE-HEAD-2":{"subscribe-to-AOW":"Subscribe to Artists of the World","artists-of-the-week":"Artists of the week","on-this-day":"On this day"},"HP-MODULE-HEAD-1":{"honour-an-artist":"Honour an artist","new-updated":"New & updated","publicly-available":"Publicly available","gain-full-access":"Gain full access"},"COOKIES":{"cookieTitle":"Consent to website analysis","we-use-cookies":"We use cookies and other technologies. Some of them are necessary for the website to function and are always set. Cookies for website analysis are not required and are set only with your consent. Some services for analysis process personal data in the USA. With your consent to use these services, you also consent to the processing of your data in the USA. Your consent is voluntary and can be revoked at any time.","find-out":"\u003Ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/our-cookie-policy?lang=en\">For more information, please see our Cookie Policy.\u003C/a>","accept":"Accept optional analytics cookies","reject":"Reject non-essential cookies","cookieTitleReduced":"Cookie information","weUseCookiesReduced":"We only use necessary cookies to be able to offer you our web services to the full extent.","seePolicyReduced":"\u003Ca href=\"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/our-cookie-policy?lang=en\">In our Cookie Policy you can find more details about all cookies we use and for what purposes.\u003C/a>","close":"Close","policy-url":"https://www.degruyter.com/publishing/our-cookie-policy","consent-given":"\u003Cb>Consent given.\u003C/b>\r\n\u003Ci>Based on your consent, we can analyze how you use our website. We use this information to find out how we can further improve our offers for you in the future.\u003C/i>\r\n\u003Cp>You can easily revoke your consent here with effect for the future.\u003C/p>","no-consent-given":"\u003Cb>No consent given.\u003C/b>\r\n\u003Ci>We do not analyze how you use our website.\u003C/i>\u003Cp>You can give your consent here with effect for the future.","we-use-cookies-cookie-page":"We use cookies to remember your preferences and improve our website. Our cookie policy explains the types of cookies we use and how you can manage them.\r\n\u003Cbr/>\r\n\u003Cbr/>\r\n\u003Cp>Your current setting for the use of optional analytics cookies:\u003C/p>"},"ARTICLE-SECTION":{"places-of-activity":"Places of Activity","nuernberger-kuenstlerlexikon":"Nürnberger Künstlerlexikon","lexikon-der-kuenstlerinnen":"Lexikon der Künstlerinnen","pariser-lehrjahre":"Pariser Lehrjahre","thieme-becker":"Thieme-Becker","works":"Works","vollmer":"Vollmer","sources":"Sources","short-bio":"Vita","self-testimonies":"Self-testimonies","exhibitions":"Exhibitions","biography":"Life and Work","connected-artists":"Connected artists"},"GROUP":{"disbanded":"Disbanded","founded":"Founded","members":"Members","active-to":"Until","active-from":"From"},"HOMEPAGE":{"contact-sales":"Contact our sales team","see-all-free-items":"See all {{ count }} publicly available entries","home-title":"The world’s largest artists database featuring {{ count }} artists"},"default":{"resultsPerPage":"Results per page","of":"of","Explore":"Explore","Exact":"Exact","YYYY":"YYYY","Map settings":"Map settings","Geographic Data":"Geographic Data","Entry Not Found":"Entry Not Found","Apply":"Apply","Not found":"not found","Report an issue":"Report an issue","nameVariationModalTitle1":"Name Variations for","noData":"No data found","Get Access":"Get Access","payWallNotAuthorized":"You don't have access to this content!","navBarText":"Artists of the World","Artists of the World":"Artists of the World","itemsPerPage":"Items per page","results":"results","nextResult":"nextResult","prevResult":"prevResult","searchResults":"Search Results","backToTop":"Back To Top","salesTeam":"salesTeam","inclVat":"inclVat","Email":"Email","Alphabetical Search":"Alphabetical Search","Type":"Type","payWallTitle":"Get access to „Artists of the World“","Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon":"Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon","help":"Help","Sign out":"Sign out","Sign in via Institution":"Sign in via Institution","Sign in":"Sign in","Sign up":"Sign up","Alphabetical":"Alphabetical","Advanced":"Advanced","Standard":"Standard","Symbols and Signs":"Symbols and Signs","Abbreviations":"Abbreviations","Praemonenda":"Praemonenda","Italian":"Italian","Russian":"Russian","French":"French","English":"English","German":"German","Latin":"Latin","Created by":"Created by","Find on page":"Find on page","Overview":"Overview","PND-ID":"PND-ID","Place Cited":"Place Cited","Date Cited":"Date Cited","Geographical data":"Geographical data","scope":"Scope","in":"in","Citation":"Citations","Lemma with lines":"Lemma with lines","Download":"Download","Copied":"Copied","Style":"Style","Cite":"Cite","News":"News","Logged Out Successfully":"Logged Out Successfully","Logged Out":"Logged Out","Logged In Successfully":"Logged In Successfully","Title":"Artist"},"FAMILY":{"members":"Members"}}},"h":{},"s":200,"st":"OK","u":"https://aow.degruyter.com/wp/wp-content/locales-production/en/common.json?ts=1732834812","rt":"json"},"2816422536":{"b":1265526,"h":{},"s":200,"st":"OK","u":"https://aow.degruyter.com/backend/entries/count","rt":"json"},"__nghData__":[{"c":{"3":[],"5":[{"i":"t2","r":1}],"6":[],"8":[],"9":[],"10":[],"12":[],"13":[]},"t":{"5":"t2","6":"t3","8":"t4","9":"t5","10":"t6","12":"t7","13":"t8"}},{},{"t":{"0":"t29"},"c":{"0":[]}},{"t":{"2":"t13","3":"t21","4":"t22","6":"t23","7":"t24"},"c":{"2":[{"i":"t13","r":2,"c":{"0":[],"2":[{"i":"t15","r":1,"t":{"0":"t16"},"c":{"0":[]}}],"3":[{"i":"t17","r":3,"c":{"0":[{"i":"t18","r":2,"t":{"0":"t19","1":"t20"},"c":{"0":[],"1":[]}}]}}],"4":[]},"t":{"2":"t14","3":"t17","4":"t15"}}],"3":[],"4":[],"6":[{"i":"t24","r":6,"t":{"0":"t25","1":"t28"},"c":{"0":[{"i":"t25","r":4,"e":{"0":3},"t":{"1":"t26","2":"t27"},"c":{"1":[],"2":[{"i":"t27","r":1}]}}],"1":[]}}],"7":[]},"d":[11]},{"t":{"2":"t31","3":"t32","4":"t35","5":"t36","6":"t37"},"c":{"2":[{"i":"t31","r":1}],"3":[{"i":"t32","r":4,"e":{"0":3},"t":{"1":"t33","2":"t34"},"c":{"1":[{"i":"t33","r":1}],"2":[]}}],"4":[],"5":[],"6":[]},"d":[9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17]},{"d":[3]},{"t":{"1":"t12"},"c":{"1":[{"i":"t12","r":6,"d":[1,2],"t":{"4":"t30","5":"t38","6":"t39"},"c":{"4":[{"i":"t30","r":1}],"5":[],"6":[]}}]}},{"t":{"2":"t11","4":"t40","5":"t41"},"c":{"2":[{"i":"t11","r":2}],"4":[{"i":"t41","r":1}],"5":[]}},{"t":{"1":"t9","2":"t10"},"c":{"1":[{"i":"t10","r":1}],"2":[]}},{"t":{"2":"t42","3":"t46"},"c":{"2":[{"i":"t42","r":3,"t":{"0":"t43"},"c":{"0":[{"i":"t43","r":2,"t":{"0":"t44","1":"t45"},"c":{"0":[],"1":[]}}]}},{"i":"t42","r":1,"t":{"0":"t43"},"c":{"0":[]}},{"i":"t42","r":3,"t":{"0":"t43"},"c":{"0":[{"i":"t43","r":2,"t":{"0":"t44","1":"t45"},"c":{"0":[],"1":[]}}]},"x":4}],"3":[]}},{"t":{"0":"t47","1":"t48"},"c":{"0":[],"1":[]}},{"t":{"0":"t0","1":"t1"},"c":{"0":[{"i":"t1","r":5,"c":{"2":[{"i":"c173562595","r":1}]}}],"1":[]}}]}</script></body></html>