CINXE.COM
臺灣哲學 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>臺灣哲學 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"f7d8ac5f-f4b9-4d62-ba1f-6eca0e22869e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"臺灣哲學","wgTitle":"臺灣哲學","wgCurRevisionId":83280471,"wgRevisionId":83280471,"wgArticleId":5487548,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1德语来源 (de)","引文格式1维护:日期与年","CS1英语来源 (en)","東方哲學","臺灣哲學","台灣儒學"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"臺灣哲學","wgRelevantArticleId":5487548,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q28414561","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font": "ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.imagemap.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.imagemap","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices", "ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.imagemap.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Philbar_4.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Philbar_4.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Philbar_4.png/640px-Philbar_4.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="臺灣哲學 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-臺灣哲學 rootpage-臺灣哲學 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-何謂臺灣哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#何謂臺灣哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>何謂臺灣哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-何謂臺灣哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣原住民哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣原住民哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>臺灣原住民哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣原住民哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣漢族移民哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣漢族移民哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>臺灣漢族移民哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣漢族移民哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日治時期(1896~1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日治時期(1896~1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>日治時期(1896~1945)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-日治時期(1896~1945)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关日治時期(1896~1945)子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-日治時期(1896~1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-前啟蒙期(1896~1916)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#前啟蒙期(1896~1916)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>前啟蒙期(1896~1916)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-前啟蒙期(1896~1916)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-啟蒙發展期(1916~1930)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#啟蒙發展期(1916~1930)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>啟蒙發展期(1916~1930)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-啟蒙發展期(1916~1930)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-成熟期(1930~1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成熟期(1930~1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>成熟期(1930~1945)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成熟期(1930~1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日治時期臺灣哲學的四大學派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日治時期臺灣哲學的四大學派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>日治時期臺灣哲學的四大學派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日治時期臺灣哲學的四大學派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-歐陸─日本哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐陸─日本哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>歐陸─日本哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐陸─日本哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國實用主義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國實用主義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>美國實用主義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國實用主義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基督宗教哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基督宗教哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.3</span> <span>基督宗教哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基督宗教哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代漢學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代漢學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.4</span> <span>現代漢學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代漢學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰後與白色恐怖(1945-1980)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰後與白色恐怖(1945-1980)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>戰後與白色恐怖(1945-1980)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戰後與白色恐怖(1945-1980)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民主化迄今(1980-)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民主化迄今(1980-)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>民主化迄今(1980-)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民主化迄今(1980-)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考書目</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考書目-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考書目子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-臺灣哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>臺灣哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣原住民哲學_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣原住民哲學_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>臺灣原住民哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣原住民哲學_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-明清時期哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#明清時期哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>明清時期哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-明清時期哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日治時期哲學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日治時期哲學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>日治時期哲學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日治時期哲學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰後與白色恐怖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰後與白色恐怖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>戰後與白色恐怖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戰後與白色恐怖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民主化迄今" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民主化迄今"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>民主化迄今</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民主化迄今-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">臺灣哲學</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。1种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_in_Taiwan" title="Philosophy in Taiwan – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philosophy in Taiwan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28414561#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&oldid=83280471" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&id=83280471&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2587%25BA%25E7%2581%25A3%25E5%2593%25B2%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2587%25BA%25E7%2581%25A3%25E5%2593%25B2%25E5%25AD%25B8"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28414561" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:哲学">系列条目</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span title="从左到右:柏拉图、康德、尼采、释迦牟尼、孔子、伊本·西那"><img alt="从左到右:柏拉图、康德、尼采、释迦牟尼、孔子、伊本·西那" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Philbar_4.png/220px-Philbar_4.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Philbar_4.png/330px-Philbar_4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Philbar_4.png/440px-Philbar_4.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" usemap="#ImageMap_b14b2c0451708ba6" resource="/wiki/File:Philbar_4.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_b14b2c0451708ba6"><area href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE" shape="rect" coords="0,0,73,73" alt="柏拉图" title="柏拉图" /><area href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" shape="rect" coords="73,0,147,73" alt="康德" title="康德" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" shape="rect" coords="147,0,220,73" alt="尼采" title="尼采" /><area href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" shape="rect" coords="0,73,73,147" alt="释迦牟尼" title="释迦牟尼" /><area href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" shape="rect" coords="73,73,147,147" alt="孔子" title="孔子" /><area href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" shape="rect" coords="147,73,220,147" alt="伊本·西那" title="伊本·西那" /></map><figcaption>从左到右:柏拉图、康德、尼采、释迦牟尼、孔子、伊本·西那</figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption" style="white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE" title="柏拉图">柏拉图</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="伊曼努尔·康德">康德</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" title="弗里德里希·尼采">尼采</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" title="伊本·西那">伊本·西那</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF" title="Category:哲学分支">分支</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學">形而上学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="认识论">认识论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑">逻辑学</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:各时期哲学">时期</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古典哲学">古典</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊哲学">古希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">古印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" title="诸子百家">古中国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">中世紀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%98%8E%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="宋明理学">宋明理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="近代哲學">近代</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="德国古典哲学">德国古典哲学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="现代哲学">当代</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="分析哲學">分析哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歐陸哲學">欧陆哲学</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:各國哲學">地域</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="东方哲学">东方</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">中国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="日本哲學">日本</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="西方哲学">西方</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="美國哲學">美</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="英國哲學">英</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国哲学(页面不存在)">法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:French philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="德国古典哲学">德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="意大利哲学">意</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄国哲学(页面不存在)">俄</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Russian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中東哲學">中东</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">伊斯兰哲学</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F" title="Category:哲学传统">传统</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教信仰哲學">各宗教的哲学信仰</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度哲学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="佛教哲学">佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">猶太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">伊斯兰教</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="Category:哲学文献">文献</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="Category:美学文献">美学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C" title="Category:知识论著作">知识论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="Category:伦理学文献">伦理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AD%A6%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C" title="Category:逻辑学著作">逻辑学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="Category:形而上学文献">形而上学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Category:政治哲学文献" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Category:Political philosophy literature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB" title="Category:政治哲學文獻">政治哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Political_philosophy_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Political philosophy literature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Category:Political philosophy literature</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:哲学家">哲学家</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美學家列表">美学家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="知識論者列表">知识论者</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伦理学家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of ethicists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伦理学家列表(页面不存在)">伦理学家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethicists" class="extiw" title="en:List of ethicists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of ethicists</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="逻辑学家">逻辑学家</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="形而上學學者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_metaphysicians"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形而上學學者列表(页面不存在)">形而上学学者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metaphysicians" class="extiw" title="en:List of metaphysicians"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_metaphysicians</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会和政治哲学家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of sociopolitical thinkers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会和政治哲学家列表(页面不存在)">社会和政治哲学家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociopolitical_thinkers" class="extiw" title="en:Index of sociopolitical thinkers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of sociopolitical thinkers</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哲学中的女性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of sociopolitical thinkers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学中的女性(页面不存在)">女哲学家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_sociopolitical_thinkers" class="extiw" title="en:Index of sociopolitical thinkers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of sociopolitical thinkers</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0 0 0.6em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#ddddff;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:哲學相關列表">列表</a></span></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哲学索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学索引(页面不存在)">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Index of philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="哲学概要">概要</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%B9%B4%E9%91%91" title="哲學年鑑">年份</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="未解決的哲學問題">問題</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="重要哲学出版物列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of important publications in philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重要哲学出版物列表(页面不存在)">出版物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:List of important publications in philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of important publications in philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哲学列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of philosophies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学列表(页面不存在)">理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophies" class="extiw" title="en:List of philosophies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of philosophies</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哲学词汇表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学词汇表(页面不存在)">词汇表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="哲學家列表">哲學家</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Socrates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/21px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学">哲学主题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Philosophy-sidebar" title="Template:Philosophy-sidebar"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Philosophy-sidebar" title="Template talk:Philosophy-sidebar"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Philosophy-sidebar" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Philosophy-sidebar"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>臺灣哲學</b>統攝與臺灣相關的哲學活動。一方面是將臺灣視為地理的劃分,舉凡以臺灣為地理範圍的哲學思想活動(Philosophy in Taiwan),另一方面則是將臺灣視為哲學意義的重要性(Philosophical significance),舉凡以臺灣為主體研究的哲學思想活動(Taiwanese Philosophy)。 </p><p>臺灣哲學的歷史並不長:自 1895 年<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="甲午战争">甲午戰爭</a>的結果不但了決定中、日兩國的政治勢力消長<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,也定位了哲學在東亞的發展脈絡。而臺灣身處帝國夾縫(fragment of/f empires)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中,以臺灣為體、外學而用逐漸養成其思想脈絡,到 1916 年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="东京大学">東京帝國大學</a>《東亞研究》發表的〈王陽明の良知說〉作為臺灣哲學的起肇<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>大抵而言,臺灣哲學之歷史可略分前期(臺灣原住民哲學及明清時期哲學)、日治時期哲學(前啟蒙期、啟蒙發展期、成熟期)、戰後與白色恐怖、民主化迄今等。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="何謂臺灣哲學"><span id=".E4.BD.95.E8.AC.82.E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>何謂臺灣哲學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:何謂臺灣哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>臺灣哲學的系統性研究(systemic study)起於 1980 年代。雖隨時空遞移,臺灣文史研究等陸續有豐碩成果,但哲學領域的研究發表仍屬零星,對於文獻的典藏考據也尚遺缺。惟有少數如廖仁義〈臺灣哲學的歷史構造─日據時期臺灣哲學思潮的發生與演變〉<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、李明輝《李春生的思想與時代》<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等,抑或是個別哲學家傳略之研究如吳叡人〈祖國的辯證:廖文奎(1905-1952)臺灣民族主義思想初探〉<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、〈福爾摩沙意識型態—試論日本殖民統治下臺灣民族運動「民族文化」論述的形成(1919-1937)〉<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、廖欽彬〈和辻哲郎的風土論─兼論洪耀勳與貝瑞克的風土觀〉<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%81%89" title="洪子偉">洪子偉</a>〈臺灣哲學盜火者─洪耀勳的本土哲學建構與戰後貢獻〉<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等。戰後受<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="新儒家">新儒家</a>影響,尤對應中國<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="中華文化復興運動">中華文化復興運動,</a>以「道統說」為臬;廖仁義以「取代說」指出臺灣哲學的發展的斷裂,尤指戰前後原繼受日本思想資源與世界思潮接軌之臺灣哲學界,在戰後以中國哲學如外來思潮暫居臺灣哲學之整體。楊儒賓「雙源頭說」則自道統說改良納許日本思想對臺灣哲學發展之影響,採中國、日本思想並進說;然而,臺灣哲學百年發展受不同思想脈絡,宜採「多元競合說」;猶如東亞各國如中、日、韓等在列強壓力下,吸汲歐美哲學作為現代化道路,進而發展成對自身共同體(Gemeinschaft; community)的反思建構<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,甚至是如德國面對周邊英、法等現代國家崛起進而發展自成一格的思想體系<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,臺灣哲學正是呼應帝國強權的碾壓下而誕生─面對生存危機的創化轉生,哲學家受歐美<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">基督教神學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="德国唯心主义">德國觀念論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="辩证唯物主义">辯證唯物論</a>、美國<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="實用主義">實用主義</a>與自<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="京都學派">京都</a>繼受的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·海德格尔">海德格</a>思想體系、中國近代<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89#中国近现代自由主義" title="自由主义">自由主義</a>等。 </p><p>就追求哲學意義的重要性(Philosophical significance),除哲學文獻的出土考據,更重要的是提出臺灣哲學的規範性(normativity)問題。黃默、陳俊宏的〈政治哲學要跨出去!論臺灣政治哲學研究的發展趨向〉<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、謝世民的〈政治哲學如何與身處的社會互動:一個臺灣哲學家的嘗試〉<sup id="cite_ref-:6_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等文是從法政哲學出發回應臺灣哲學的規範性,陳瑞麟也曾發表〈島嶼上的科哲〉<sup id="cite_ref-:7_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、〈邏輯實證論在臺灣〉<sup id="cite_ref-:8_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、〈可以有臺灣理論嗎?如何可能?〉<sup id="cite_ref-:9_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等文,為臺灣哲學提出規範性的概念分析。 </p><p>一方面是哲學文獻的出土考據,橫跨數個世紀─從原住民神話到明清到日治到戰後白色恐怖迄今─囿於語言、歷史的限制,尚待研究考證;另外一方面則是藉由共同體提出哲學的規範性─藉由建構哲學主體的特殊性,同時也藉此通向世界的普遍性。臺灣哲學如廖仁義所言,「一開始就不是一種囿於學院藩籬的觀念推演,而是源自於民間尋找反支配思想的需求。」<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>─不只是質問「何謂臺灣」(que est Taiwan),也追尋「臺灣何去何從」(quo vadis Taiwan)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="臺灣原住民哲學"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.E5.8E.9F.E4.BD.8F.E6.B0.91.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>臺灣原住民哲學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:臺灣原住民哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>臺灣原住民遺留文本有限,要研究其哲學思想,只能靠口傳神話建構文化哲學。過去〈臺灣原住民神話中的一些原始哲學〉<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、〈從神話傳說論卑南族的倫理、教育及美學思想〉<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、〈Remapping Taiwanese Philosophy: Thinking from Constructing Aboriginal Philosophies〉<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等文是就此角度切入。目前則除了原住民神話研究外,也有試圖從規範性原則去建構原住民的知識體系<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、環境正義的倫理學<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、轉型正義<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等法政哲學,為臺灣原住民哲學進行嘗試。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="臺灣漢族移民哲學"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.E6.BC.A2.E6.97.8F.E7.A7.BB.E6.B0.91.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>臺灣漢族移民哲學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:臺灣漢族移民哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>明清時期漢墾來臺,仕紳出建孔廟學堂,將儒學知識移植至新的生活圈。依據 1993 年臺灣文獻館出版的《重修臺灣省通志─卷10(藝文志著述篇)》所列<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此時期有關哲學、宗教類的著作一共有十二篇,分別是《周易折衷衍義》、《易經圖解易讀》、《周易總論》、《經餘雜錄》、《易經註解》、《春秋節要》、《論臆》、《周易義類存編》、《周易管窺》、《達五齋家誡》、《開山記》、《古經占法》。當時是以傳統儒家經典,特別是《易經》為主的釋義。 <i>然而,相關文獻大多亡佚,停留在傳統儒學的經學釋義,並不能以現代哲學觀視之。</i> </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E7%94%A8%E9%8C%AB" title="鄭用錫">鄭用錫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E7%94%A8%E9%91%91" title="鄭用鑑">鄭用鑑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%A3%84%E7%94%9F" title="洪棄生">洪棄生</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~philo/Taiwan/ming/hung.htm">黃敬</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070703235128/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~philo/Taiwan/ming/hung.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89" title="吳子光">吳子光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A3%AB%E4%BF%8A_(%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB)" title="王士俊 (康熙進士)">王士俊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%8A%E8%8A%B3" title="施瓊芳">施瓊芳</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~philo/Taiwan/ming/che.htm">謝肇源</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070705121013/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~philo/Taiwan/ming/che.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%85%8B%E5%BD%B0" title="楊克彰">楊克彰</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~philo/Taiwan/ming/chen.htm">陳震曜</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20081208142525/http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~philo/Taiwan/ming/chen.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="日治時期(1896~1945)"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.B2.BB.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.281896.7E1945.29"></span>日治時期(1896~1945)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:日治時期(1896~1945)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1895 年不僅是東亞國際政治局勢的分水嶺,也是各國紛紛走向現代哲學的起點。臺灣在帝國夾縫中面臨著生存危機,一方面繼受鄰邊的中國<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%9B%9B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="五四运动">五四運動</a>、日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="大正民主">大正民主</a>、俄國<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="十月革命">十月革命</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="韓國獨立運動">朝鮮獨立運動</a>等浪潮,另一方面間接透過中日等東亞國家留學或是直接到歐美汲取<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="基督教神學">基督教神學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="德国唯心主义">德國觀念論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="辩证唯物论">辯證唯物論</a>、美國<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实用主义">實用主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·海德格尔">海德格</a>哲學等思想運動。臺灣哲學承襲了日本殖民母國的哲學思潮發展,另外一方面也自公民社會發展自拮抗日本殖民的本土思想,可略分期為「前啟蒙期」、「啟蒙發展期」及「成熟期」三期,且「歐陸─日本哲學」、「美國實用主義」、「基督宗教哲學」與「現代漢學」四大學派。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E6%96%87%E5%A5%8E" title="廖文奎">廖文奎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%B7%B1%E5%88%87" title="張深切">張深切</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%A4%A9%E5%BE%9E" title="曾天從">曾天從</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E7%94%9F" title="李春生">李春生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%94%80%E9%BE%8D" title="林攀龍">林攀龍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%A7%8B%E6%A2%A7" title="林秋梧">林秋梧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%9D%8F%E5%BA%AD" title="楊杏庭">楊杏庭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E8%80%80%E5%8B%B3" title="洪耀勳">洪耀勳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%96%8C%E9%9B%A8" title="蘇薌雨">蘇薌雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%98%8E%E6%98%86" title="郭明昆">郭明昆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2" title="鄭發育">鄭發育</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%B4%B9%E9%A6%A8" title="陳紹馨">陳紹馨</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="前啟蒙期(1896~1916)"><span id=".E5.89.8D.E5.95.9F.E8.92.99.E6.9C.9F.281896.7E1916.29"></span>前啟蒙期(1896~1916)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:前啟蒙期(1896~1916)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="台灣基督長老教會">基督教長老會</a>與臺灣的現代化始終有密切的關係,哲學也不例外。不少受到西式教育啟蒙的思想家是受到長老教會的影響,例如大稻埕仕商且長老教會奠基者李春生、就讀臺南長老會中學受教會補助赴京都同志社中學,後成為臺灣第一留美博士林茂生(專攻教育學)、及首位赴京都同志社中學、於美國取得神學博士學位及回日取得牧師資格的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newmsgr.pct.org.tw/Magazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=123&strMAGID=M2011042102809">周再賜</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201223021831/http://newmsgr.pct.org.tw/Magazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=123&strMAGID=M2011042102809">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)等,都有濃厚的長老教會淵源。 </p><p>1896 年,李春生在日本橫濱發表《主津新集》後出版一系列基督神學研究,也將詮釋學的方法論應用在儒學經典上。他亦借用神學家 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Karl Rahner" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Karl Rahner"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Rahner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Rahner(页面不存在)">Karl Rahner</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Rahner" class="extiw" title="en:Karl Rahner"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Karl Rahner</span></a></span>)</span></span> 的說法,將<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>古聖賢視為「匿名基督徒」,也說明其粗糙且鮮明獨尊基督教及儒家之成見立場。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 此階段的臺灣哲學尚未出現成熟的著作,直到 1916 年林茂生在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="东京大学">東京帝國大學</a>《東亞研究》發表的〈王陽明の良知說〉<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 作為臺灣哲學的起肇,不但是臺灣哲學史上第一篇具有現代學術意義的重要文獻,也標示著臺灣哲學正式從前啟蒙期邁向啟蒙發展期階段。 </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E7%94%9F" title="李春生">李春生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newmsgr.pct.org.tw/Magazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=123&strMAGID=M2011042102809">周再賜</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201223021831/http://newmsgr.pct.org.tw/Magazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=123&strMAGID=M2011042102809">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="啟蒙發展期(1916~1930)"><span id=".E5.95.9F.E8.92.99.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95.E6.9C.9F.281916.7E1930.29"></span>啟蒙發展期(1916~1930)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:啟蒙發展期(1916~1930)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1916 年林茂生發表<王陽明の良知說>起肇,臺灣哲學走入啟蒙發展期。一方面是全世界的思潮脈動走向絢麗的狂飆年代,而東亞如日本的哲學學科走向專業學院建制,1910 年日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="東京帝國大學">東京帝國大學</a>哲學科成立、隨即兩年後<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="京都大學">京都大學</a>成立哲學科,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="京都學派">京都學派</a>開始發展,同年中華民國<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="北京大学">北京大學</a>成立中國哲學門至 1919 年改名為哲學系,另外則是受到現代教育的知識份子逐漸崛起,除了前期林茂生外,第二代哲學家以臺語、日語為第一語言做思想表達著述。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>林秋梧 1927 年在《南瀛佛教》、《中道》發表宗教改革的文章,1929 年在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%A0%B1" title="臺灣民報">臺灣民報》</a>連載〈唯物論者所指摘的歷史上的宗教所演的主角〉十篇,將<a href="/wiki/Marx" class="mw-disambig" title="Marx">馬克思</a>對宗教的批判應用到反思臺灣佛教之現況。廖文奎 1929 年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="芝加哥大学">芝加哥大學</a>哲學碩士論文《唯心論及其批判〉(Modern Idealism as Challenge by Its Rivals)則是臺灣少數純粹西方哲學論著之先驅。同時,臺灣哲學活動與政治文化的改革運動密切結合,哲學家以不同的方式詮釋參與改變,走向群眾闡述淑世理念。 </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%A7%8B%E6%A2%A7" title="林秋梧">林秋梧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E6%96%87%E5%A5%8E" title="廖文奎">廖文奎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%B7%B1%E5%88%87" title="張深切">張深切</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%B4%B9%E9%A6%A8" title="陳紹馨">陳紹馨</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="成熟期(1930~1945)"><span id=".E6.88.90.E7.86.9F.E6.9C.9F.281930.7E1945.29"></span>成熟期(1930~1945)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:成熟期(1930~1945)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1929 年林茂生取得<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥倫比亞大學</a>教育學院博士學位返臺任教,其論文《日本統治下臺灣的學校教育:其發展及有關文化之歷史分析與探討 》(Public Education in Formosa under the Japanese Administration: Historical and Analytical Study of the Development and the Cultural Problems)師承<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81" class="mw-disambig" title="杜威">杜威</a>及 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paul Monroe" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paul Monroe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Monroe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Monroe(页面不存在)">Paul Monroe</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Monroe" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Monroe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paul Monroe</span></a></span>)</span></span>,受美國<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实用主义">實用主義</a>教育哲學影響,建議日本當局應以尊重相互的文化與教育機會平等政策;洪耀勳〈風土文化觀―臺灣風土との聯關に於て―〉則論證臺灣文化有不可化約到日本文化與中國文化的特殊性,並以此建構本土哲學之本體論(第一哲學);陳紹馨〈ヘーゲルにおける市民社会論の成立〉刊於《文化》上下篇探討<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="黑格爾">黑格爾</a>在近代國家形成下的公民社會,曾天從《真理原理論》做為哲學體系重建之初始。隨著1937 年中日戰事加劇與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="皇民化運動">皇民化</a>壓迫,臺灣哲學家轉而退守學院或是轉往海外,卻也出版了不少像曾天從《純粹現象學之構想》、洪耀勳〈實存之有限性與形上學之問題〉等具學術深度的論著。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外,於 1945 年自<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="臺北帝國大學">臺北帝國大學</a>哲學科畢業的林素琴,隔年聘為臺灣大學哲學科助教,專長為法國哲學,曾於 1953 年以 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Charles Adams" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charles Adams"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Adams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Adams(页面不存在)">Charles Adams</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Adams" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Adams"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charles Adams</span></a></span>)</span></span> 與 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Paul Tannery" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paul Tannery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Tannery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Tannery(页面不存在)">Paul Tannery</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Tannery" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Tannery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paul Tannery</span></a></span>)</span></span>所編《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔">笛卡爾</a>全集》(Oeuvres De Descartes)為本發表〈笛卡特的哲學方法〉,是目前已知唯一一位在日治時期完成哲學訓練的女性。 </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E6%96%87%E5%A5%8E" title="廖文奎">廖文奎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%B7%B1%E5%88%87" title="張深切">張深切</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%A4%A9%E5%BE%9E" title="曾天從">曾天從</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E7%94%9F" title="李春生">李春生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%94%80%E9%BE%8D" title="林攀龍">林攀龍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%A7%8B%E6%A2%A7" title="林秋梧">林秋梧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%98%8E%E9%9B%BB" title="劉明電">劉明電</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%9D%8F%E5%BA%AD" title="楊杏庭">楊杏庭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E8%80%80%E5%8B%B3" title="洪耀勳">洪耀勳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%96%8C%E9%9B%A8" title="蘇薌雨">蘇薌雨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%98%8E%E6%98%86" title="郭明昆">郭明昆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2" title="鄭發育">鄭發育</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%B4%B9%E9%A6%A8" title="陳紹馨">陳紹馨</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日治時期臺灣哲學的四大學派"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.B2.BB.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.9B.E5.A4.A7.E5.AD.B8.E6.B4.BE"></span>日治時期臺灣哲學的四大學派</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:日治時期臺灣哲學的四大學派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="歐陸─日本哲學"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E9.99.B8.E2.94.80.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>歐陸─日本哲學</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:歐陸─日本哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>繼受<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歐陸哲學">歐陸哲學</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="德国唯心主义">德國觀念論</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">馬克思主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·海德格尔">海德格</a>哲學等的日本哲學─以<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%82%8A%E5%85%83" title="田邊元">田邊元</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%94%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%A4%9A%E9%83%8E" title="西田幾多郎">西田幾多郎</a>為主的京都學派,也影響了臺灣哲學家如洪耀勳、陳紹馨、曾天從、吳振坤、楊杏庭、黃彰輝、黃金穗、鄭發育等。洪耀勳 1936 年發表〈藝術と哲學〉以 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Wilhelm Dilthey" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wilhelm Dilthey"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Dilthey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Dilthey(页面不存在)">Wilhelm Dilthey</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Dilthey" class="extiw" title="en:Wilhelm Dilthey"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wilhelm Dilthey</span></a></span>)</span></span> 觀點討論文藝與哲學之關聯、1938 年〈存在と真理─ヌツビッゼの真理論の一考察〉研討喬治亞哲人 Schala Nuzubidse 的真理論。陳紹馨早年受<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">黑格爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="韦伯">韋伯</a>學說發表一系列 1935 年〈アダム・ファーグスンの市民社会論〉 、1936 年〈ヘーゲルにおける市民社会論の成立〉上下篇等文探究福格森(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Adam Ferguson" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adam Ferguson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Ferguson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Ferguson(页面不存在)">Adam Ferguson</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" class="extiw" title="en:Adam Ferguson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adam Ferguson</span></a></span>)</span></span>)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">黑格爾</a>的市民社會論。楊杏庭 1935 年〈無限否定と創造性〉則就<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9F%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%A3%AE" title="亨利·柏格森">柏格森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·海德格尔">海德格</a>、謝斯托夫思想,以亞里斯多德、黑格爾而至海德格承接歐陸哲學傳統,加以評述生命的否定面向不代表消極或虛無。曾天從 1937 年《真理原理論》由東京理想社出版,由日本哲學家桑木嚴翼作序,是日治時期重要哲學研究著作。黃彰輝就讀<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="东京大学">東京帝國大學</a>哲學科,專研德國辯證神學(dialectical theology)於1937年取得學位。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%8D%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="台南神學院">臺南神學院</a>教授吳振坤(1913年3月2日─1988年10月4日)於京都大學(1940)修習宗教哲學,師承留學<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="柏林大學">柏林大學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="海德堡大学">海德堡大學</a>的哲學史、宗教哲學家波多野精一,亦曾留學美國耶魯大學(1957),戰後於 1968 年出版波多野精一《宗教哲學》譯著。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>黃金穗師承<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%82%8A%E5%85%83" title="田邊元">田邊元</a>研究邏輯數理,1939 年發表自其學士學位論文〈日常性について——現象學的試論〉於《哲學研究》,返臺任教也於1959年出版<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔">笛卡爾</a>《方法導論》中譯。鄭發育師承<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%94%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%A4%9A%E9%83%8E" title="西田幾多郎">西田幾多郎</a>,1984 年曾譯師作《善的研究》,奠定臺灣實驗心理學的學科基礎。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E8%80%80%E5%8B%B3" title="洪耀勳">洪耀勳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%B4%B9%E9%A6%A8" title="陳紹馨">陳紹馨</a>(前期)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%9D%8F%E5%BA%AD" title="楊杏庭">楊杏庭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%A4%A9%E5%BE%9E" title="曾天從">曾天從</a>、吳振坤、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%BD%B0%E8%BC%9D" title="黃彰輝">黃彰輝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E7%A9%97" title="黃金穗">黃金穗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2" title="鄭發育">鄭發育</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%B4%A0%E7%90%B4" title="林素琴">林素琴</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="美國實用主義"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B.E5.AF.A6.E7.94.A8.E4.B8.BB.E7.BE.A9"></span>美國實用主義</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:美國實用主義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>實用主義是美國十九、二十世紀之際發展出的哲學運動,影響不只哲學,也包括心理、教育等學科。臺灣哲學家林茂生赴美<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥倫比亞大學</a>修習教育學,師承<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81" class="mw-disambig" title="杜威">杜威</a>的實用主義,也與中國哲學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>同門。其論文《日本統治下臺灣的學校教育:其發展及有關文化之歷史分析與探討 》(Public Education in Formosa under the Japanese Administration: Historical and Analytical Study of the Development and the Cultural Problems)也藉由西方民主的教育精神來批判日本的同化教育。廖文奎在美芝加哥大學就學,師從實用主義 <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7" title="喬治·賀伯特·米德">George Herbert Mead</a> 與 <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="James Hayden Tufts" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James Hayden Tufts"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hayden_Tufts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hayden Tufts(页面不存在)">James Hayden Tufts</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hayden_Tufts" class="extiw" title="en:James Hayden Tufts"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James Hayden Tufts</span></a></span>)</span></span> 門下,從<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会心理学">社會心理學</a>作東西哲學之比較,肯認社會(道德及法律上)的規範性起自共同體自身的集體認同,其著作《個人與共同體:社會行為動因的歷史分析》開宗即說明「個體如何受共同體所決斷,且作為智識領袖如何互應。個體本身為共同體之產物,進而可能成為其指引」為其研究旨趣 <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 蘇薌雨1924年起留學<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="北京大学">北京大學</a>哲學系,也受<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%81%A9" title="胡適">胡適</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%9F%A5" title="陶行知">陶行知</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B2%B3%E9%9C%96" title="金岳霖">金岳霖</a>等實用主義者影響,於《臺灣民報》投書介紹五四運動的白話文。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>(後期)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%96%E6%96%87%E5%A5%8E" title="廖文奎">廖文奎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%96%8C%E9%9B%A8" title="蘇薌雨">蘇薌雨</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="基督宗教哲學"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E7.9D.A3.E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>基督宗教哲學</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:基督宗教哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="台灣基督長老教會">基督教長老會</a>與臺灣的智識活動始終有密切的關係。李春生是長老教會在臺灣的奠基者,其著作《民教冤獄解》(1903)、《天演論書後》(1907)、《東西哲衡》(1908)等從基督宗教立場辯護。林茂生自中學受長老教會栽培,著述〈基督教文明史觀〉曾連續刊載自《臺灣教會公報》。牧師之子周再賜是首位就讀京都同志社大學、美國攻讀神學、取得日本教職及牧師資格且擔任日本群馬<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="共愛女學校" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="共愛学園中学校"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B1%E6%84%9B%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="共愛女學校(页面不存在)">共愛女學校</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%84%9B%E5%AD%A6%E5%9C%92%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:共愛学園中学校"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">共愛学園中学校</span></a></span>)</span></span>校長。郭馬西牧師(1892年11月13日-1966年7月6日)受教會推薦,先赴日明治學院神學部攻讀,後往美國奧本(Auburn)神學院、協和神學院(1921),以及哥倫比亞大學人類學系(1926),曾在《臺灣青年》呼籲新的文化思想<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA" title="蔡愛智">蔡愛智</a>牧師(1913年11月-1998年8月6日)畢業自臺南長老教中學、赴日本同志社大學神學部攻讀(1938)、美國芝加哥大學神學碩士(1940)、博士(1941),也是西雅圖地區首位臺籍牧師,在西雅圖成立臺灣人教會的首任牧師,及西雅圖的首任臺灣同鄉會會長,長期推動臺美公民事務<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。臺南神學院教授吳振坤師承<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波多野精一" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="波多野精一"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8E%E7%B2%BE%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波多野精一(页面不存在)">波多野精一</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8E%E7%B2%BE%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:波多野精一"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">波多野精一</span></a></span>)</span></span>奉獻宗教哲學。黃彰輝協助戰後臺南神學院復校,東海大學早期臺灣建校的籌辦<sup id="cite_ref-:10_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等,也是推動臺灣走入國際空間的重要人物。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E7%94%9F" title="李春生">李春生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newmsgr.pct.org.tw/Magazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=123&strMAGID=M2011042102809">周再賜</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201223021831/http://newmsgr.pct.org.tw/Magazine.aspx?strTID=1&strISID=123&strMAGID=M2011042102809">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)、郭馬西、蔡愛智、吳振坤、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%BD%B0%E8%BC%9D" title="黃彰輝">黃彰輝</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="現代漢學"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E6.BC.A2.E5.AD.B8"></span>現代漢學</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:現代漢學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現代漢學有別於傳統的解經釋義,而是借用當代西方哲學來重新理解經典。如日本、韓國、歐美等漢學研究開展出自己的問題意識,臺灣哲學家如林茂生、張深切、郭明昆、林秋梧、張冬芳等則是依循類似的道路。林茂生〈王陽明の良知說〉藉康德與笛卡爾之於王陽明與朱子學派的比較著述,早先於新儒家擷取<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新康德主义">新康德主義</a>的詮釋。教授東洋哲學與詩句的張冬芳則與林茂生、黃得時、蘇維熊為臺灣大學先修班少數的臺籍教授。張深切自學孔學進而發表《孔子哲學評論》批判而遭到查禁,《老子哲學評論》則因此張生前未能出版。林秋梧則是藉由馬克思主義批判佛學陳腐之處。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%8C%82%E7%94%9F" title="林茂生">林茂生</a>(前期)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%B7%B1%E5%88%87" title="張深切">張深切</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%98%8E%E6%98%86" title="郭明昆">郭明昆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%A7%8B%E6%A2%A7" title="林秋梧">林秋梧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%86%AC%E8%8A%B3" title="張冬芳">張冬芳</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戰後與白色恐怖(1945-1980)"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E5.BE.8C.E8.88.87.E7.99.BD.E8.89.B2.E6.81.90.E6.80.96.281945-1980.29"></span>戰後與白色恐怖(1945-1980)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:戰後與白色恐怖(1945-1980)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1945 年二戰結束,臺灣政治社會巨變。中國國民黨政府接收臺灣澎湖等地,臺灣哲學家紛紛透過籌辦講座、刊物參與公共事務。林茂生《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%A5" title="民报">民報</a>》、黃金穗《新新》、廖文奎、廖文毅兄弟《前鋒》、洪耀勳與張深切等在北京《新臺灣》等,以思索臺灣文化之前途。然而,在短短幾年時間,臺灣哲學家對中國<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>的期望在目睹腐敗失能後轉而失望。1947 年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="二二八事件">二二八事變</a>爆發後,林茂生隨遭國府人員深夜帶走遇難、廖文奎避走香港痛陳國民政府腐敗。1948 年 5 月10 日宣布《動員戡亂臨時條款》,隔年 5 月 19 日宣布戒嚴,臺灣正式進入<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96" title="白色恐怖">白色恐怖</a>時期。1950 年廖文奎發聲《Formosa Speaks》,楊杏庭赴日結識其弟廖文毅進而參與<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣共和國">臺灣共和國</a>運動。其他如曾天從、洪耀勳、張東芳、蘇維霖、鄭發育、陳紹馨雖留臺灣但囿於政治及語言的箝箍,使得過去半世紀萌發的臺灣哲學產生斷裂。張深切《孔子哲學研究》遭查禁1965 年因病過世,黃彰輝同年因長老教會自五零年代遭國民黨特務盯上只能離臺赴英,進而參與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="台灣獨立運動">海外臺獨運動</a>,1972 年與同胞發表〈臺灣人民自決運動〉、1980 年同組織「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%9C%83" title="台灣人公共事務會">臺灣人公共事務協會</a>」(FAPA)。吳振坤牧師則接續藉由臺南神學院維繫本土意識。 <sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1950年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="朝鲜战争">韓戰</a>爆發,歐美思想藉由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%8F%B4" title="美援">美國援助</a>開啟一道門窗。臺灣哲學家如洪耀勳引進存在主義、黃金穗推廣形式邏輯,進而 1960 年代<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%89" title="殷海光">殷海光</a>介紹<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="逻辑实证主义">邏輯實證論</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自由主义">自由主義</a>。1958年由<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%90%9B%E6%AF%85" title="唐君毅">唐君毅</a>起草,經<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%90%9B%E5%8A%A2" title="张君劢">張君勱</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9F%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%89" title="牟宗三">牟宗三</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%A4%8D%E8%A7%82" title="徐复观">徐復觀</a>修正聯署發表於《民主評論》的《為中國文化敬告世界人士宣言:我們對中國學術研究及中國文化與世界文化前途之共同認識》(A Manifesto on the Reappraisal of Chinese Culture:Our Joint Understanding of the Sinological Study Relating to World Cultural Outlook)奠定「當代新儒家」基調 ,但與自由主義者持論相左<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同時期<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%89" title="殷海光">殷海光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%9C%87_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="雷震 (中华民国政治人物)">雷震</a>、張佛泉等藉由《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_(%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C)" title="自由中國 (雜誌)">自由中國</a>》刊物批判時政,1960年雷震等籌組中國民主黨連同《自由中國》招當權忌而查禁,甚至1972年「<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="臺大哲學系事件">臺大哲學系事件</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>都是政治權力直接箝制哲學思想自由的明顯案例。 </p><p>代表哲學家:<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%89" title="殷海光">殷海光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%9C%87_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="雷震 (中华民国政治人物)">雷震</a>、張佛泉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="民主化迄今(1980-)"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E4.B8.BB.E5.8C.96.E8.BF.84.E4.BB.8A.281980-.29"></span>民主化迄今(1980-)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:民主化迄今(1980-)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1980 年代社會改革運動風起雲湧,哲學活動也隨之風生隨起。臺灣大學附近的獨立書店如唐山翻印歐美思潮經典,間接推波臺灣知識份子吸收歐美思潮。1987 年 7 月 15 日<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%9A%B4%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5" title="解嚴紀念日">解嚴</a>,臺灣政治社會史翻往新頁。出自<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="國立臺灣大學">臺灣大學</a>哲學系的政治人物<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%8D%97%E6%A6%95" title="鄭南榕">鄭南榕</a>更將言論自由的追求實踐推向高峰。 </p><p>1988 年廖仁義〈臺灣哲學的歷史構造─日據時期臺灣哲學思潮的發生與演變〉<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一文為臺灣哲學系統性研究開先河,隨後個別臺灣哲學家傳略之研究零星出陳─如李明輝《李春生的思想與時代》<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等,抑或是個別哲學家傳略之研究如吳叡人〈祖國的辯證:廖文奎(1905-1952)臺灣民族主義思想初探〉<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 、〈福爾摩沙意識型態—試論日本殖民統治下臺灣民族運動「民族文化」論述的形成(1919-1937)〉<sup id="cite_ref-:4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、廖欽彬〈和辻哲郎的風土論─兼論洪耀勳與貝瑞克的風土觀〉、洪子偉〈臺灣哲學盜火者─洪耀勳的本土哲學建構與戰後貢獻〉<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等。 </p><p>黃默、陳俊宏的〈政治哲學要跨出去!論臺灣政治哲學研究的發展趨向〉<sup id="cite_ref-:6_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、謝世民的〈政治哲學如何與身處的社會互動:一個臺灣哲學家的嘗試〉<sup id="cite_ref-:6_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等文從法政哲學出發回應,陳瑞麟發表的〈島嶼上的科哲〉<sup id="cite_ref-:7_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、〈邏輯實證論在臺灣〉<sup id="cite_ref-:8_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、〈可以有臺灣理論嗎?如何可能?〉<sup id="cite_ref-:9_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等文,就臺灣哲學的規範性(normativity)問題提出論證。 </p><p>傳統儒學如何與現代哲學接合也是哲學學門之議題。陳昭瑛自 1995 年《臺灣文學與本土化運動》提出「臺灣儒學」的概念,試圖將儒學傳統本土化、現代化,黃俊傑則將儒學結合東亞思想脈絡。何乏筆(Fabian Heubel)則從漢語哲學切入,從當代<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歐陸哲學">歐陸哲學</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·海德格尔">海德格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%9F%AF" title="米歇尔·福柯">傅柯</a>接合跨文化思想研究。鄧育仁2015年出版《公民儒學》,透過公民哲學重新詮釋<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>思想,2017 年林遠澤《儒家後習俗責任倫理學的理念》從<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="德国唯心主义">德國觀念論</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">黑格爾</a>、美國<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实用主义">實用主義</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%B3%80%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7" title="喬治·賀伯特·米德">米德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="法蘭克福學派">法蘭克福學派</a> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Axel Honneth" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Axel Honneth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Honneth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axel Honneth(页面不存在)">Axel Honneth</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Honneth" class="extiw" title="en:Axel Honneth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Axel Honneth</span></a></span>)</span></span> 等哲學思想體系解釋儒學社會觀,甚至是近年來中研院人文社會科學研究中心政治思想研究中心籌辦論研如 2017 年 11 月 15、16 日的「The Voices of Democracy in Confucianism(儒家民主之聲)」由當代自由主義的政治學者與儒家、漢學家的對話等,都可視為儒學再實踐(Re-actualization)之實驗。<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="輔仁大學">輔仁大學</a>哲學系教授曾慶豹也曾就<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="漢語神學">漢語神學</a>提出批判性的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a>見解,爬梳臺灣神學思想的脈絡<sup id="cite_ref-:10_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考書目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>參考書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:參考書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="臺灣哲學"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>臺灣哲學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:臺灣哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>史書美、梅家玲、廖朝陽、陳東升(編),2016,《知識臺灣:臺灣理論的可能性》。臺北:麥田。</li> <li>汪宏倫、蕭阿勤(編),2016,《族群、民族與現代國家:經驗與理論的反思》。南港:中央研究院社會研究所。</li> <li>柯汎禧,2016,〈書評─普遍與特殊:臺灣性的哲學、理論與民族〉,《政治科學季評》,期51,頁6-12。</li> <li>Kuan Wei Wu, 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ketagalanmedia.com/2016/07/10/book-review-taiwanese-intellectuals-national-identity">Of Taiwanese Intellectuals and National Identity</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190617065246/http://www.ketagalanmedia.com/2016/07/10/book-review-taiwanese-intellectuals-national-identity">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>), Ketagalan Medium [10-Jul-2016].</li> <li>Shenghong Jin and Jau-wei Dan, 2004, The Contemporary Development of Philosophy of Education in Mainland China and Taiwan, Comparative Education, 40(4), pp. 571-581.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="臺灣原住民哲學_2"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3.E5.8E.9F.E4.BD.8F.E6.B0.91.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8_2"></span>臺灣原住民哲學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:臺灣原住民哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A6%E5%BF%A0%E6%88%90" title="浦忠成">浦忠成</a>,1997,<臺灣原住民神話中的一些原始哲學〉,《第二屆臺灣本土文化國際學術研討會論文集》,頁33-40。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學文學院國文系、人文教育研究中心。</li> <li>張佳賓,1998,〈從神話傳說論卑南族的倫理、教育及美學思想〉,《第三屆臺灣本土文化國際學術研討會論文集》,頁105-135。臺北:國立臺灣師範大人文教育研究中心。</li> <li>陳張培倫,2009,〈關於原住民族知識研究的一些反思〉,《臺灣原住民研究論叢》,期5,頁25-53。</li> <li>陳張培倫,2010,〈原住民族教育改革與原住民族知識〉,《臺灣原住民研究論叢》,期8,頁1-27。</li> <li>Kuan-Hung Chen (陳寬鴻), 2006, Remapping Taiwanese Philosophy: Thinking from Constructing Aboriginal Philosophies. University of California, Santa Cruz: 12<sup>th</sup> Annual North American Taiwan Studies Conference Crossing the Borders, Fostering the Future: Taiwan Studies in the Intersections</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="明清時期哲學"><span id=".E6.98.8E.E6.B8.85.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>明清時期哲學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:明清時期哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>林慶彰、蔣秋華,2013,《清領時期臺灣儒學》。臺北:華藝。</li> <li>黃淵泉,1993,《重修臺灣省通志─卷10(藝文志著述篇)》。臺北:臺灣文獻館。</li> <li>潘朝陽,2001,《明清臺灣儒學論》,臺北:臺灣學生書局。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日治時期哲學"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.B2.BB.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>日治時期哲學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:日治時期哲學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>史明、江俊宜、江昺崙(著),2012,《實踐哲學:青年讀史明》。臺北:臺灣教授協會。</li> <li>吳叡人,1999,〈祖國的辯證:廖文奎(1905-1952)臺灣民族主義思想初探〉,《思與言》,卷37,頁47-100。(重新刊載於洪子偉(編),2016,《存在交涉:日治時期的臺灣哲學》,頁191-234。臺北:聯經。</li> <li>吳叡人,2006,〈福爾摩沙意識型態—試論日本殖民統治下臺灣民族運動「民族文化」論述的形成(1919-1937)〉,《新史學》,卷17期2,頁127-218。</li> <li>吳叡人,2016,〈Quo Vadis Formosa?:在資本主義—國家巨靈的陰影下》,《受困的思想》。臺北:衛城。</li> <li>李明輝(編),1995,《李春生的思想與時代》,臺北:正中書局。</li> <li>李明輝,2008,〈省思中國哲學研究的危機─從中國哲學的「正當性問題」談起〉,《思想》,期9,頁165-173。</li> <li>林巾力,2007,〈自我、他者、共同體——論洪耀勳〈風土文化觀〉,《臺灣文學研究》,期1,頁73-107。</li> <li>林慶彰(編),2000,《日據時期臺灣儒學參考文獻(上下冊)》。臺北:臺灣學生書局。</li> <li>洪子偉,2014,〈臺灣哲學盜火者-洪耀勳的本土哲學建構與戰後貢獻〉,《臺大文史哲學報》,期81,頁113-147。</li> <li>洪子偉(編),2016,《存在交涉:日治時期的臺灣哲學》。臺北:聯經。</li> <li>洪子偉、鄧敦民(編),2019,《啟蒙與反叛─臺灣哲學的百年浪潮》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>梁家瑜,2016,〈找回我們的經典─從《存在與交涉: 日治時期的臺灣哲學》談起〉,《人本教育札記》,期327,頁38-41。</li> <li>陳翠蓮,2013,《百年追求─臺灣民主運動的故事》(卷一:自治的夢想)。臺北:衛城。</li> <li>廖仁義,1988,〈臺灣哲學的歷史構造─日據時期臺灣哲學思潮的發生與演變〉,《當代》,期28,頁25-34。</li> <li>廖仁義,1988,〈僵斃的叛逆符號―「五四崇拜」及其霸權意識的批判〉,《自立早報副刊》(1988年5月4日、5日)。</li> <li>簡素琤,2003,〈被殖民情境中的啟蒙辯證─張深切的自由思想在日據時代臺灣文化啟蒙運動中的指標意義〉,《中外文學》,卷32期5,頁151-169。</li> <li>藍弘岳,2016,〈想想臺灣思想史:評析《存在交涉:日治時期的臺灣哲學》〉,《臺灣社會研究季刊》,期105,頁233-250</li> <li>顏欣怡,2008,〈從殖民地看向東亞:留日學生蔡培火的身分意識〉,《國家發展研究》,卷7期2,頁119-142。</li> <li>Pong, Foong-Ee, & Tzu-Wei Hung, 2019, 'The Kyoto School’s Influence on Taiwanese Philosophy under Japanese Rule (1895-1945)', Tetsugaku, 2019(3), 70-88.</li> <li>Nadin Heé, 2012, Imperiales Wissen und koloniale Gewalt: Japans Herrschaft in Taiwan 1895-1945. Frankfurt/M.: Campus.</li> <li>Thomas Fröhlich und Yishan Liu (Hrsg.), 2014, Taiwans unvergänglicher Antikolonialismus: Jiang Weishui und der Widerstand gegen die japanische Kolonialherrschaft. Mit einer Übersetzung von Schriften Jiang Weishuis aus dem Chinesischen und Japanischen. Bielefeld: Transcript.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戰後與白色恐怖"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E5.BE.8C.E8.88.87.E7.99.BD.E8.89.B2.E6.81.90.E6.80.96"></span>戰後與白色恐怖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:戰後與白色恐怖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>江宜樺,2007,〈臺灣戰後政治思想與民主運動〉,《臺灣社會研究季刊》,期65,頁191-199。</li> <li>何乏筆,2009,〈1949 年與臺灣的跨文化潛力〉,《思想》,期13,頁89-95。</li> <li>何信全,2006,〈自由主義視域下的儒家價值─以殷海光《中國文化的展望》為例》,黃俊傑(編),《中華文化與域外文化的互動與融合》。臺北:喜瑪拉雅研究發展基金會。</li> <li>吳乃德,2013,《百年追求─臺灣民主運動的故事》(卷二:自由的挫敗)。臺北:衛城。</li> <li>吳豐維,2007,〈何謂主體性? 一個實踐哲學的考察〉,《思想》,期4,頁63-78。</li> <li>李永熾、吳密察、柯慶明,2013,《臺大哲學系事件調查報告》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>李明輝,2014,〈當代新儒家「儒學開出民主論」的理論意涵與現實意義〉,《Asian Studies》,期2卷1,頁7-18。</li> <li>林安梧,2000,〈臺灣精神現象的一個哲學考察─九○ 年代臺灣思想發展概況〉,《鵝湖月刊》,期303,頁37-46。</li> <li>陳瑞麟,2003,〈臺灣科學哲學的首航─殷海光的科學哲學〉,《國立政治大學哲學學報》,期10,頁1-33。</li> <li>陳瑞麟,2005,〈在傳統與革新中徬徨──1950-1960年代間臺灣思想界的幾個科學觀的拉拒〉,《傳統東亞文明與科技(自然)知識的傳承與演變國際研討會》。臺北:國立臺灣大學東亞文明研究中心。</li> <li>陳瑞麟,2011,〈牟宗三「科學開出論」的形上學困難─以儒家思想為本的中國文化可以開出現代科學嗎?〉,《國立臺灣大學哲學論評》,期42,頁43-7。</li> <li>陳瑞麟,2011,〈邏輯實證論在臺灣:透過殷海光對思想與文化產生的影響〉,《臺灣社會研究季刊》,期81,頁281-319。</li> <li>黃俊傑,1997,〈戰後臺灣儒學的保守思想傾向─以《孔孟月刊》 爲中心〉,《臺大歷史學報》,期21,頁273-294。</li> <li>黃俊傑,2005,《光復初期的臺灣─思想與文化的轉型》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>蕭高彥,2014,〈五零年代臺灣自由觀念的系譜:張佛泉、《自由中國》與新儒家〉,《人文及社會科學集刊》,卷26期3,頁387-425。</li> <li>薛化元,1995,〈《 自由中國》 雜誌自由民主理念的考察─一九五○ 年代臺灣思想史研究之一〉,《臺灣史研究》,卷2期1,頁127-159。</li> <li>薛化元,1996,《與民主憲政─1950 年代臺灣思想史的一個考察》。臺北:稻鄉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="民主化迄今"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E4.B8.BB.E5.8C.96.E8.BF.84.E4.BB.8A"></span>民主化迄今</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:民主化迄今"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>林正弘,1990,〈胡適與殷海光的科學觀〉,韋政通等(著),《自由民主的思想與文化——紀念殷海光逝世20周年學術研討會論文集》。臺北:自立報系。</li> <li>林毓生,1983,〈殷海光先生一生奮鬥的永恆意義〉,《思想與人物》。臺北:聯經。</li> <li>林遠澤,2017,《儒家後習俗責任倫理學的理念》。臺北:聯經。</li> <li>張忠棟,1998,〈胡適與殷海光兩代自由主義者思想風格的異同〉,《自由主義人物》臺北:允晨。</li> <li>陳昭瑛,2005,《臺灣與傳統文化》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>陳昭瑛,2008,《臺灣儒學:起源、發展與轉化》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>陳昭瑛,2009,《臺灣文學與本土化運動》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>傅大為,1988,〈科學實證論述歷史的辯證:從近代西方啓蒙到臺灣的殷海光〉,《臺灣社會研究》,卷1期4,頁11-56。</li> <li>曾慶豹,2017,《什麼是漢語神學?》。臺北:臺灣基督教文藝出版社。</li> <li>曾慶豹,2017,《盲者的視域:解構之於神學》。臺北:臺灣基督教文藝出版社。</li> <li>曾慶豹,2017,《約瑟和他的兄弟們:護教反共、黨國基督徒與臺灣基要派的形成》。臺北:臺灣教會公報社。</li> <li>黃俊傑,2006,《臺灣意識與臺灣文化》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>黃默、陳俊宏,1997,〈政治哲學要跨出去!論臺灣政治哲學研究的發展趨向〉,《東吳政治學報》,期8,頁1-45。</li> <li>潘朝陽,2001,〈從閩學到臺灣傳統文化主體〉,《臺灣儒學與現代生活》,頁303-354。臺北:臺灣學生書局。</li> <li>潘朝陽,2005,〈戰後臺灣儒家研究的幾個側面:問題及其意義〉,黃俊傑(編),《東亞儒學研究的回顧與展望》,頁427-502。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>潘朝陽,2008,《臺灣儒學的傳統與現代》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>潘朝陽,2011,《儒家的環境空間思想與實踐》》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>鄧育仁,2015,《公民儒學》。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。</li> <li>謝世民,2009,〈政治哲學如何與身處的社會互動:一個臺灣哲學家的嘗試〉,《思想》,期13,頁213-225。</li> <li>蘇子媖,2016,〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philomedium.com/blog/79451">臺灣儒學為何?</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210122101028/https://www.philomedium.com/blog/79451">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉,《哲學新媒體》[19-Feb-2016]。</li> <li>蘇子媖,2014,《論「菁英儒學」與「庶民儒學」在臺灣的相容與隔閡》。國立中央大學哲學研究所博士論文。</li> <li>Cheng-Hun Lin and Daiwie Fu (Eds.), 1993, Philosophy and Conceptual History of Science in Taiwan. New York: Springer.</li> <li>Jana S. Rošker (ur.), 2019, Filozofija na Tajvanu: značilnosti, vloga in pomen. Ljubljana: Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts. Ruey-Lin Chen, 2011, The STS Challenge to Philosophy of Science in Taiwan, East Asian Science, Technology and Society<i>,</i> 5(1), pp. 27-48.</li> <li>Tzu-Wei Hung, 2022, Anglo-American Philosophy in Taiwan: A Centennial Review, Asian Journal of Philosophy 1 (1), pp1-16.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mishra, Pankaj. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromruinsofempir0000mish">From the ruins of empire : the intellectuals who remade Asia</a>. 2012. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780374249595" title="Special:网络书源/9780374249595"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780374249595</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/798733567"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 798733567</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=Mishra%2C+Pankaj.&rft.btitle=From+the+ruins+of+empire+%3A+the+intellectuals+who+remade+Asia&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780374249595&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromruinsofempir0000mish&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F798733567&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">吳叡人. Quo Vadis Formosa?:在資本主義—國家巨靈的陰影下. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/959613783">受困的思想:臺灣重返世界</a>. 衛城出版. 2016. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789869211369" title="Special:网络书源/9789869211369"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789869211369</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/959613783"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 959613783</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Quo+Vadis+Formosa%3F%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E2%80%94%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%B7%A8%E9%9D%88%E7%9A%84%E9%99%B0%E5%BD%B1%E4%B8%8B&rft.au=%E5%90%B3%E5%8F%A1%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%97%E5%9B%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%EF%BC%9A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%87%8D%E8%BF%94%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789869211369&rft.pub=%E8%A1%9B%E5%9F%8E%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F959613783&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F959613783&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><b>3.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><b>3.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><b>3.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-3"><sup><b>3.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-4"><sup><b>3.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-5"><sup><b>3.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-6"><sup><b>3.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-7"><sup><b>3.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-8"><sup><b>3.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-9"><sup><b>3.09</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">洪子偉. 日治時期臺灣哲學系譜與分期. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952951598">存在交涉:日治時期的臺灣哲學</a>. 聯經. 2016: 15–37. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/952951598"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 952951598</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E8%AD%9C%E8%88%87%E5%88%86%E6%9C%9F&rft.au=%E6%B4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%81%89&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%A4%E6%B6%89%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=15-37&rft.pub=%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F952951598&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F952951598&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">廖仁義. 臺灣哲學的歷史構造─日據時期臺灣哲學思潮的發生與演變. 當代. 1988, (28): 25-34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E2%94%80%E6%97%A5%E6%93%9A%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%80%9D%E6%BD%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%E8%88%87%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%8A&rft.au=%E5%BB%96%E4%BB%81%E7%BE%A9&rft.date=1988&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=28&rft.jtitle=%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3&rft.pages=25-34&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李明輝. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35277565">李春生的思想與時代</a>. 正中書局. 1995. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9570909889" title="Special:网络书源/9570909889"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9570909889</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/35277565"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 35277565</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%8E%E8%BC%9D&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E8%88%87%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9570909889&rft.pub=%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F35277565&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35277565&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">吳叡人. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413051752/http://lawdata.com.tw/tw/detail.aspx?no=158824">祖國的辯證:廖文奎(1905-1952)臺灣民族主義思想初探</a> (37:3): 47–00. 1999-09-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawdata.com.tw/tw/detail.aspx?no=158824">原始内容</a>存档于2021-04-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E7%A5%96%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%BE%AF%E8%AD%89%3A%E5%BB%96%E6%96%87%E5%A5%8E%281905-1952%29%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2&rft.au=%E5%90%B3%E5%8F%A1%E4%BA%BA&rft.date=1999-09-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=37%3A3&rft.pages=47-00&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawdata.com.tw%2Ftw%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fno%3D158824&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">吳叡人. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609232010/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10232249-200606-17-2-127-218-a">福爾摩沙意識型態-試論日本殖民統治下臺灣民族運動“民族文化”論述的形成(1919-1937)</a>. 新史學. 2006-06-01, <b>17</b> (2) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1023-2249"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1023-2249</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6756%2FNH.200606.0127"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.6756/NH.200606.0127</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10232249-200606-17-2-127-218-a">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%9E%8B%E6%85%8B%EF%BC%8D%E8%A9%A6%E8%AB%96%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E4%B8%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E2%80%9C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E2%80%9D%E8%AB%96%E8%BF%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%281919-1937%29&rft.au=%E5%90%B3%E5%8F%A1%E4%BA%BA&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1023-2249&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.volume=17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D10232249-200606-17-2-127-218-a&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6756%2FNH.200606.0127&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">廖欽彬. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190813090336/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?DocID=18124305-201006-201101220035-201101220035-63-94">和辻哲郎的風土論-兼論洪耀勳與貝瑞克的風土觀</a>. 華梵人文學報. 2010-06-01, (14) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1812-4305"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1812-4305</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=18124305-201006-201101220035-201101220035-63-94">原始内容</a>存档于2019-08-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%92%8C%E8%BE%BB%E5%93%B2%E9%83%8E%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%A8%E5%9C%9F%E8%AB%96%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%BC%E8%AB%96%E6%B4%AA%E8%80%80%E5%8B%B3%E8%88%87%E8%B2%9D%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A2%A8%E5%9C%9F%E8%A7%80&rft.au=%E5%BB%96%E6%AC%BD%E5%BD%AC&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1812-4305&rft.issue=14&rft.jtitle=%E8%8F%AF%E6%A2%B5%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D18124305-201006-201101220035-201101220035-63-94&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">洪子偉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816070446/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D10152687-201411-201411180006-201411180006-113-147">臺灣哲學盜火者-洪耀勳的本土哲學建構與戰後貢獻</a>. 臺大文史哲學報. 2014-11-01, (81) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1015-2687"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1015-2687</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6258%2Fbcla.2014.81.04"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.6258/bcla.2014.81.04</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10152687-201411-201411180006-201411180006-113-147">原始内容</a>存档于2019-08-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9B%9C%E7%81%AB%E8%80%85%EF%BC%8D%E6%B4%AA%E8%80%80%E5%8B%B3%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%BB%BA%E6%A7%8B%E8%88%87%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E8%B2%A2%E7%8D%BB&rft.au=%E6%B4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%81%89&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1015-2687&rft.issue=81&rft.jtitle=%E8%87%BA%E5%A4%A7%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D10152687-201411-201411180006-201411180006-113-147&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6258%2Fbcla.2014.81.04&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fröhlich, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&lr=&id=wCWVB9NXpPcC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=,+Staatsdenken+im+China+der+Republikzeit+(1912-1949).+&ots=Nc_KFOp6HM&sig=NfrqmyXU8tXFiAOkg4YQ2gXwAeA">Staatsdenken im China der Republikzeit (1912-1949): die Instrumentalisierung philosophischer Ideen bei chinesischen Intellektuellen</a>. Campus Verlag. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783593366357" title="Special:网络书源/9783593366357"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783593366357</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">(德语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%B6hlich&rft.btitle=Staatsdenken+im+China+der+Republikzeit+%281912-1949%29%3A+die+Instrumentalisierung+philosophischer+Ideen+bei+chinesischen+Intellektuellen&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783593366357&rft.pub=Campus+Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dde%26lr%3D%26id%3DwCWVB9NXpPcC%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPA9%26dq%3D%2C%2BStaatsdenken%2Bim%2BChina%2Bder%2BRepublikzeit%2B%281912-1949%29.%2B%26ots%3DNc_KFOp6HM%26sig%3DNfrqmyXU8tXFiAOkg4YQ2gXwAeA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lee, Eun-Jeung; Fröhlich, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180605130554/https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0506-7286-2012-1-98/staatsverstaendnis-in-ostasien-ph-kunig-jahrgang-45-2012-heft-1">Staatsverständnis in Ostasien (Ph. Kunig)</a>. VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee. 2012-05-02, <b>45</b> (1) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0506-7286"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0506-7286</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5771%2F0506-7286-2012-1-98%2Fstaatsverstaendnis-in-ostasien-ph-kunig-jahrgang-45-2012-heft-1"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.5771/0506-7286-2012-1-98/staatsverstaendnis-in-ostasien-ph-kunig-jahrgang-45-2012-heft-1</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nomos-elibrary.de/10.5771/0506-7286-2012-1-98/staatsverstaendnis-in-ostasien-ph-kunig-jahrgang-45-2012-heft-1">原始内容</a>存档于2018-06-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到德语网页">(德语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Staatsverst%C3%A4ndnis+in+Ostasien+%28Ph.+Kunig%29&rft.au=Fr%C3%B6hlich%2C+Thomas&rft.aufirst=Eun-Jeung&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.date=2012-05-02&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0506-7286&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=VR%C3%9C+Verfassung+und+Recht+in+%C3%9Cbersee&rft.volume=45&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomos-elibrary.de%2F10.5771%2F0506-7286-2012-1-98%2Fstaatsverstaendnis-in-ostasien-ph-kunig-jahrgang-45-2012-heft-1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5771%2F0506-7286-2012-1-98%2Fstaatsverstaendnis-in-ostasien-ph-kunig-jahrgang-45-2012-heft-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hao, Chang,. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324014019/http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-31544">Chinese Intellectuals in Crisis, Search for Order and Meaning, 1890-1911</a>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. 1987 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-31544">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Chinese+Intellectuals+in+Crisis%2C+Search+for+Order+and+Meaning%2C+1890-1911&rft.aufirst=Chang%2C&rft.aulast=Hao&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Berkeley%3A+University+of+California+Press%2C+1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.ust.hk%2Fir%2FRecord%2F1783.1-31544&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">洪子偉; 高君和. 誰的哲學,誰的百年?探索臺灣哲學的過去與未來. 洪子偉; 鄧敦民 (编). 誰的哲學,誰的百年?探索臺灣哲學的過去與未來. 臺北: 國立臺灣大學出版中心. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E8%AA%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%8C%E8%AA%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%9F%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86&rft.au=%E6%B4%AA%E5%AD%90%E5%81%89&rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E5%90%9B%E5%92%8C&rft.btitle=%E8%AA%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%8C%E8%AA%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BE%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%9F%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E8%88%87%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dieter, Borchmeyer,. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/964673356">Was ist deutsch? Die Suche einer Nation nach sich selbst</a> 1. Auflage. Berlin. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783871340703" title="Special:网络书源/9783871340703"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9783871340703</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/964673356"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 964673356</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.aufirst=Borchmeyer%2C&rft.aulast=Dieter&rft.btitle=Was+ist+deutsch%3F+Die+Suche+einer+Nation+nach+sich+selbst&rft.edition=1.+Auflage&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9783871340703&rft.place=Berlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F964673356&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F964673356&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">黃默; 陳俊宏. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502062054/http://lawdata.com.tw/tw/detail.aspx?no=178043">政治哲學要跨出去!論臺灣政治哲學研究的發展趨向</a> (8): 1–5. 1997-09-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawdata.com.tw/tw/detail.aspx?no=178043">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%A6%81%E8%B7%A8%E5%87%BA%E5%8E%BB%21%E8%AB%96%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E8%B6%A8%E5%90%91&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E4%BF%8A%E5%AE%8F&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E9%BB%98&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawdata.com.tw%2Ftw%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fno%3D178043&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_16-2"><sup><b>16.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">謝世民. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502063121/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=a0000477-200910-201007120087-201007120087-213-225">政治哲學如何與身處的社會互動:一個台灣哲學家的嘗試</a>. 思想. 2009-10-01, (13) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0386-2755"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0386-2755</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=a0000477-200910-201007120087-201007120087-213-225">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%88%87%E8%BA%AB%E8%99%95%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%98%97%E8%A9%A6&rft.au=%E8%AC%9D%E4%B8%96%E6%B0%91&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0386-2755&rft.issue=13&rft.jtitle=%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3Da0000477-200910-201007120087-201007120087-213-225&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_17-0"><sup><b>17.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_17-1"><sup><b>17.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">陳瑞麟. 島嶼上的科哲. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/748340516">科學哲學:理論與歷史</a>. 群學. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/748340516"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 748340516</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%93%B2&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E7%91%9E%E9%BA%9F&rft.btitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%9A%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E8%88%87%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=%E7%BE%A4%E5%AD%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F748340516&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F748340516&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">陳瑞麟. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609224851/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10219528-201103-201205310014-201205310014-285-323">邏輯實證論在台灣:透過殷海光對思想與文化產生的影響</a>. 台灣社會研究季刊. 2011-03-01, (81) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1021-9528"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1021-9528</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10219528-201103-201205310014-201205310014-285-323">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E8%AB%96%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%9A%E9%80%8F%E9%81%8E%E6%AE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%89%E5%B0%8D%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E8%88%87%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E7%91%9E%E9%BA%9F&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1021-9528&rft.issue=81&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AD%A3%E5%88%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D10219528-201103-201205310014-201205310014-285-323&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_19-0"><sup><b>19.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_19-1"><sup><b>19.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">陳瑞麟. 可以有臺灣理論嗎?如何可能?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/960789805">知識臺灣:臺灣理論的可能性</a>. 麥田. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789863443346" title="Special:网络书源/9789863443346"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789863443346</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/960789805"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 960789805</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E6%9C%89%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%97%8E%EF%BC%9F%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E7%91%9E%E9%BA%9F&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%9A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789863443346&rft.pub=%E9%BA%A5%E7%94%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F960789805&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F960789805&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">浦忠成. 臺灣原住民神話中的一些原始哲學. 第二屆臺灣本土文化國際學術研討會論文集. 國立臺灣師範大學文學院國文系、人文教育研究中心. 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E6%B5%A6%E5%BF%A0%E6%88%90&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E7%B3%BB%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">張佳賓. 從神話傳說論卑南族的倫理、教育及美學思想. 第三屆臺灣本土文化國際學術研討會論文集. 國立臺灣師範大人文教育研究中心. 1998: 105–135.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%BE%9E%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA%E8%AB%96%E5%8D%91%E5%8D%97%E6%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E3%80%81%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%8F%8A%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E4%BD%B3%E8%B3%93&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%86%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E9%9B%86&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=105-135&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kuan-Hung Chen (陳寬鴻). Remapping Taiwanese Philosophy: Thinking from Constructing Aboriginal Philosophies. University of California, Santa Cruz: 12th Annual North American Taiwan Studies Conference Crossing the Borders, Fostering the Future: Taiwan Studies in the Intersections. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=Remapping+Taiwanese+Philosophy%3A+Thinking+from+Constructing+Aboriginal+Philosophies&rft.au=Kuan-Hung+Chen+%EF%BC%88%E9%99%B3%E5%AF%AC%E9%B4%BB%EF%BC%89&rft.btitle=University+of+California%2C+Santa+Cruz%3A+12th+Annual+North+American+Taiwan+Studies+Conference+Crossing+the+Borders%2C+Fostering+the+Future%3A+Taiwan+Studies+in+the+Intersections&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">張培倫. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612140429/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=a0000575-200906-201005170077-201005170077-25-53">關於原住民族知識研究的一些反思</a>. 台灣原住民研究論叢. 2009-06-01, (5) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=a0000575-200906-201005170077-201005170077-25-53">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BC%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%9B%E5%8F%8D%E6%80%9D&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E5%9F%B9%E5%80%AB&rft.date=2009-06-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3Da0000575-200906-201005170077-201005170077-25-53&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">陳張培倫. 原住民族教育改革與原住民族知識. 臺灣原住民研究論叢. 2010, (8): 1-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E8%88%87%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E5%BC%B5%E5%9F%B9%E5%80%AB&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%A2&rft.pages=1-27&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">莊慶信. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502040340/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10158383-200603-33-3-137-163-a">台灣原住民的生態智慧與環境正義-環境哲學的省思</a>. 哲學與文化. 2006-03-01, <b>33</b> (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1015-8383"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1015-8383</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7065%2FMRPC.200603.0137"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.7065/MRPC.200603.0137</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10158383-200603-33-3-137-163-a">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E8%88%87%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9%EF%BC%8D%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%81%E6%80%9D&rft.au=%E8%8E%8A%E6%85%B6%E4%BF%A1&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1015-8383&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E8%88%87%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft.volume=33&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D10158383-200603-33-3-137-163-a&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7065%2FMRPC.200603.0137&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">石忠山. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502063904/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=20709730-201112-201303270010-201303270010-109-147">差異與肯認:初探多元民主國家原住民族法制建構之政治哲學基礎</a>. 台灣原住民族研究季刊. 2011-12-01, <b>4</b> (4) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2070-9730"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 2070-9730</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=20709730-201112-201303270010-201303270010-109-147">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E5%B7%AE%E7%95%B0%E8%88%87%E8%82%AF%E8%AA%8D%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%B3%95%E5%88%B6%E5%BB%BA%E6%A7%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E&rft.au=%E7%9F%B3%E5%BF%A0%E5%B1%B1&rft.date=2011-12-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2070-9730&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AD%A3%E5%88%8A&rft.volume=4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D20709730-201112-201303270010-201303270010-109-147&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">黃淵泉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43589963">重修臺灣省通志─卷10(藝文志著述篇)</a>. 臺北: 臺灣文獻館. 1993. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789570017496" title="Special:网络书源/9789570017496"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789570017496</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/43589963"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 43589963</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E6%B7%B5%E6%B3%89&rft.btitle=%E9%87%8D%E4%BF%AE%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%97%E2%94%80%E5%8D%B710%EF%BC%88%E8%97%9D%E6%96%87%E5%BF%97%E8%91%97%E8%BF%B0%E7%AF%87%EF%BC%89&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789570017496&rft.place=%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB%E9%A4%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F43589963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43589963&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李明輝. 李春生論儒家與基督教. 洪子偉 (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952951598">存在交涉:日治時期的臺灣哲學</a>. 聯經. 2016: 43–61. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789860472905" title="Special:网络书源/9789860472905"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789860472905</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%A5%E7%94%9F%E8%AB%96%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%87%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%8E%E8%BC%9D&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%BA%A4%E6%B6%89%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789860472905&rft.pages=43-61&rft.pub=%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F952951598&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护:日期与年 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4" title="Category:引文格式1维护:日期与年">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">王梓超. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202163437/http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Gou/Gou,Ckhun/remiscence/Ong,CChhiau.htm">思念恩師吳振坤先生</a>. 台灣教會公報. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Gou/Gou,Ckhun/remiscence/Ong,CChhiau.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%80%9D%E5%BF%B5%E6%81%A9%E5%B8%AB%E5%90%B3%E6%8C%AF%E5%9D%A4%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E6%A2%93%E8%B6%85&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laijohn.com%2Farchives%2Fpc%2FGou%2FGou%2CCkhun%2Fremiscence%2FOng%2CCChhiau.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Liao, Wen Kwei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&lr=&id=JK0ABAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Wen-kwei+Liao,+1933,+The+Individual+and+the+Community:+A+Historical+Analysis+of+the+Motivating+Factors+of+Social+Conduct.&ots=Y3d8YPZTk8&sig=93owRrViZxdsKEjorpCDlfXTkJY">The Individual and the Community: A Historical Analysis of the Motivating Factors Of Social Conduct</a>. Routledge. 2014-07-10. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781317829881" title="Special:网络书源/9781317829881"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781317829881</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.aufirst=Wen+Kwei&rft.aulast=Liao&rft.btitle=The+Individual+and+the+Community%3A+A+Historical+Analysis+of+the+Motivating+Factors+Of+Social+Conduct&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781317829881&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dde%26lr%3D%26id%3DJK0ABAAAQBAJ%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPP1%26dq%3DWen-kwei%2BLiao%2C%2B1933%2C%2BThe%2BIndividual%2Band%2Bthe%2BCommunity%3A%2BA%2BHistorical%2BAnalysis%2Bof%2Bthe%2BMotivating%2BFactors%2Bof%2BSocial%2BConduct.%26ots%3DY3d8YPZTk8%26sig%3D93owRrViZxdsKEjorpCDlfXTkJY&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">蔡郭知惠. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200202164451/http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Koe/Koe,MSe/remiscence/Koe,Thui.htm">我的父親郭馬西牧師</a>. 東京台灣教會設立60週年記念誌. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Koe/Koe,MSe/remiscence/Koe,Thui.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA%E9%83%AD%E9%A6%AC%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E9%83%AD%E7%9F%A5%E6%83%A0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%A8%AD%E7%AB%8B60%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5%E8%AA%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laijohn.com%2Farchives%2Fpc%2FKoe%2FKoe%2CMSe%2Fremiscence%2FKoe%2CThui.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pojbh.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/script/artical-12599.htm">數念故人郭馬西牧師</a>. 台灣教會公報,號987,頁13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%95%B8%E5%BF%B5%E6%95%85%E4%BA%BA%E9%83%AD%E9%A6%AC%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%8C%E8%99%9F987%EF%BC%8C%E9%A0%8113&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpojbh.lib.ntnu.edu.tw%2Fscript%2Fartical-12599.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">沈紡緞. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118055346/http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Koe/Koe,MSe/biog/Sim,Ptoan.htm">郭馬西牧師小傳 堅持傳福音是唯一的職責</a>. 新使者雜誌. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Koe/Koe,MSe/biog/Sim,Ptoan.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2020-01-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E9%83%AD%E9%A6%AC%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB%E5%B0%8F%E5%82%B3+%E5%A0%85%E6%8C%81%E5%82%B3%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%98%AF%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E7%9A%84%E8%81%B7%E8%B2%AC&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E7%B4%A1%E7%B7%9E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%BF%E8%80%85%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laijohn.com%2Farchives%2Fpc%2FKoe%2FKoe%2CMSe%2Fbiog%2FSim%2CPtoan.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">沈紡緞. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200216133140/http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Koe/Koe,MSe/wife/brief/Sim,Ptoan.htm">郭馬西牧師娘葉水樹.一位在患亂中堅持信仰的女性</a>. 新使者雜誌. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laijohn.com/archives/pc/Koe/Koe,MSe/wife/brief/Sim,Ptoan.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2020-02-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E9%83%AD%E9%A6%AC%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB%E5%A8%98%E8%91%89%E6%B0%B4%E6%A8%B9%EF%BC%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%A8%E6%82%A3%E4%BA%82%E4%B8%AD%E5%A0%85%E6%8C%81%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E7%B4%A1%E7%B7%9E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%BF%E8%80%85%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laijohn.com%2Farchives%2Fpc%2FKoe%2FKoe%2CMSe%2Fwife%2Fbrief%2FSim%2CPtoan.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">中央研究院臺灣史研究所台灣史料數位典藏系統資料庫. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806013802/https://digiarch.sinica.edu.tw/content/repository/resource_content.jsp?oid=2470356">郭馬西尋訪不遇問候信箋</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digiarch.sinica.edu.tw/content/repository/resource_content.jsp?oid=2470356">原始内容</a>存档于2020-08-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%B8%E8%97%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB&rft.btitle=%E9%83%AD%E9%A6%AC%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%8B%E8%A8%AA%E4%B8%8D%E9%81%87%E5%95%8F%E5%80%99%E4%BF%A1%E7%AE%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigiarch.sinica.edu.tw%2Fcontent%2Frepository%2Fresource_content.jsp%3Foid%3D2470356&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">蔡連理. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224548/http://www.laijohn.com/PCT-W/1/10441/TS/hist/Chhoa,Lli.htm">中山教會沿革之二 郭馬西牧師時代 1947~1966</a>. 中山教會設教卅週年紀念特刊. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laijohn.com/PCT-W/1/10441/TS/hist/Chhoa,Lli.htm#">原始内容</a>存档于2018-05-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%8C+%E9%83%AD%E9%A6%AC%E8%A5%BF%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3+1947%EF%BD%9E1966&rft.au=%E8%94%A1%E9%80%A3%E7%90%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E8%A8%AD%E6%95%99%E5%8D%85%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%89%B9%E5%88%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laijohn.com%2FPCT-W%2F1%2F10441%2FTS%2Fhist%2FChhoa%2CLli.htm%23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">臺美人歷史協會. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609232021/http://www.tahistory.org/%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%B9%B3/">蔡愛智牧師生平</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tahistory.org/%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%B9%B3/">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E8%87%BA%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&rft.btitle=%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB%E7%94%9F%E5%B9%B3&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tahistory.org%2F%25E8%2594%25A1%25E6%2584%259B%25E6%2599%25BA%25E7%2589%25A7%25E5%25B8%25AB%25E7%2594%259F%25E5%25B9%25B3%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">臺美人歷史協會. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210801034343/http://www.tahistory.org/rev-ai-chih-tsai-%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA-memories-by-his-children/">Rev. Ai Chih Tsai (蔡愛智): Memories by His Children</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tahistory.org/rev-ai-chih-tsai-%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA-memories-by-his-children/">原始内容</a>存档于2021-08-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E8%87%BA%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&rft.btitle=Rev.+Ai+Chih+Tsai+%28%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%29%3A+Memories+by+His+Children&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tahistory.org%2Frev-ai-chih-tsai-%25E8%2594%25A1%25E6%2584%259B%25E6%2599%25BA-memories-by-his-children%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">陳顯貴. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210818113014/http://www.tahistory.org/%E6%82%BC%E5%BF%B5%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%9C%96%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB-%E2%97%8E%E9%99%B3%E9%A1%AF%E8%B2%B4-%E5%A4%AA/">悼念西雅圖第一位臺灣人─蔡愛智牧師</a>. 太平洋時報. 臺美人歷史協會. 1998-08-20. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tahistory.org/%E6%82%BC%E5%BF%B5%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%9C%96%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB-%E2%97%8E%E9%99%B3%E9%A1%AF%E8%B2%B4-%E5%A4%AA/">原始内容</a>存档于2021-08-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E6%82%BC%E5%BF%B5%E8%A5%BF%E9%9B%85%E5%9C%96%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E2%94%80%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB&rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E9%A1%AF%E8%B2%B4&rft.date=1998-08-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tahistory.org%2F%25E6%2582%25BC%25E5%25BF%25B5%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E9%259B%2585%25E5%259C%2596%25E7%25AC%25AC%25E4%25B8%2580%25E4%25BD%258D%25E5%258F%25B0%25E7%2581%25A3%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E8%2594%25A1%25E6%2584%259B%25E6%2599%25BA%25E7%2589%25A7%25E5%25B8%25AB-%25E2%2597%258E%25E9%2599%25B3%25E9%25A1%25AF%25E8%25B2%25B4-%25E5%25A4%25AA%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Carole Beers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501224423/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19980812&slug=2766020">The Rev. Ai Chih Tsai Led With Kindliness</a>. the Seattle Times. 1998-08-12. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19980812&slug=2766020">原始内容</a>存档于2018-05-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=The+Rev.+Ai+Chih+Tsai+Led+With+Kindliness&rft.au=Carole+Beers&rft.date=1998-08-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Seattle+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.seattletimes.nwsource.com%2Farchive%2F%3Fdate%3D19980812%26slug%3D2766020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">南加州臺灣人影音頻道. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200519214810/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7bQnw2NzC8&gl=US&hl=en">我所認識的蔡愛智牧師-蕭成美醫師口述-臺美人歷史協會史料</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7bQnw2NzC8">原始内容</a>存档于2020-05-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E5%8D%97%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%B3%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E6%88%91%E6%89%80%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E7%9A%84%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%AB-%E8%95%AD%E6%88%90%E7%BE%8E%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB%E5%8F%A3%E8%BF%B0-%E8%87%BA%E7%BE%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DG7bQnw2NzC8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">南加州臺灣人影音頻道. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820182626/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc9EicIM-Bo">太平洋戰爭爆發前留美的福爾摩沙人的故事-蔡愛智和鍾啟明史料展</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc9EicIM-Bo">原始内容</a>存档于2021-08-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E5%8D%97%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%B3%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E5%89%8D%E7%95%99%E7%BE%8E%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B-%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%8D%BE%E5%95%9F%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E5%B1%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNc9EicIM-Bo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">南加州臺灣人影音頻道. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514145946/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75DD-_c71VA">太平洋戰爭爆發前留美的福爾摩沙人的故事-蔡愛智和鍾啟明史料展(問答篇)</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75DD-_c71VA">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E5%8D%97%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%B3%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC%E5%89%8D%E7%95%99%E7%BE%8E%E7%9A%84%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%B2%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B-%E8%94%A1%E6%84%9B%E6%99%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%8D%BE%E5%95%9F%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E5%B1%95%EF%BC%88%E5%95%8F%E7%AD%94%E7%AF%87%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D75DD-_c71VA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_44-0"><sup><b>44.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_44-1"><sup><b>44.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">曾慶豹. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619180124/https://www.worldcat.org/title/yue-se-he-ta-de-xiong-di-men-hu-jiao-fan-gong-dang-guo-ji-du-tu-yu-tai-wan-ji-yao-pai-de-xing-cheng/oclc/995062714%26referer%3Dbrief_results">約瑟和他的兄弟們: 護教反共,黨國基督徒與臺灣基要派的形成</a>. 臺灣教會公報社. 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789865637446" title="Special:网络书源/9789865637446"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789865637446</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/yue-se-he-ta-de-xiong-di-men-hu-jiao-fan-gong-dang-guo-ji-du-tu-yu-tai-wan-ji-yao-pai-de-xing-cheng/oclc/995062714&referer=brief_results">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E6%9B%BE%E6%85%B6%E8%B1%B9&rft.btitle=%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%96%E7%9A%84%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E5%80%91%3A+%E8%AD%B7%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%B1%2C%E9%BB%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92%E8%88%87%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E8%A6%81%E6%B4%BE%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789865637446&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%B1%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fyue-se-he-ta-de-xiong-di-men-hu-jiao-fan-gong-dang-guo-ji-du-tu-yu-tai-wan-ji-yao-pai-de-xing-cheng%2Foclc%2F995062714%26referer%3Dbrief_results&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">蕭高彥. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502041111/http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=1018189X-201409-201410200015-201410200015-387-425">五O年代臺灣自由觀念的系譜:張佛泉、《自由中國》與新儒家</a>. 人文及社會科學集刊. 2014-09-01, <b>26</b> (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-10</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1018-189X"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1018-189X</span></a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=1018189X-201409-201410200015-201410200015-387-425">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%94%EF%BC%AF%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%A7%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%9A%84%E7%B3%BB%E8%AD%9C%EF%BC%9A%E5%BC%B5%E4%BD%9B%E6%B3%89%E3%80%81%E3%80%8A%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E3%80%8B%E8%88%87%E6%96%B0%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6&rft.au=%E8%95%AD%E9%AB%98%E5%BD%A5&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1018-189X&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8F%8A%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%86%E5%88%8A&rft.volume=26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airitilibrary.com%2FPublication%2FalDetailedMesh%3Fdocid%3D1018189X-201409-201410200015-201410200015-387-425&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李永熾、吳密察、柯慶明. 臺大哲學系事件調查報告. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629025900/https://www.worldcat.org/title/tai-da-zhe-xue-xi-shi-jian-diao-cha-bao-gao/oclc/906676369%26referer%3Dbrief_results">臺大哲學系事件調查報告</a>. 國立臺灣大學出版中心. 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-16</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/tai-da-zhe-xue-xi-shi-jian-diao-cha-bao-gao/oclc/906676369&referer=brief_results">原始内容</a>存档于2019-06-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B0%B8%E7%86%BE%E3%80%81%E5%90%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%81%E6%9F%AF%E6%85%B6%E6%98%8E&rft.btitle=%E8%87%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E7%B3%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Ftai-da-zhe-xue-xi-shi-jian-diao-cha-bao-gao%2Foclc%2F906676369%26referer%3Dbrief_results&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">曾慶豹. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502212600/https://www.worldcat.org/title/shen-me-shi-han-yu-shen-xue/oclc/922966210%26referer%3Dbrief_results">什麼是漢語神學?</a>. 臺灣基督教文藝出版社. 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789866131271" title="Special:网络书源/9789866131271"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789866131271</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/shen-me-shi-han-yu-shen-xue/oclc/922966210&referer=brief_results">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E6%9B%BE%E6%85%B6%E8%B1%B9&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%98%AF%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%3F&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789866131271&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fshen-me-shi-han-yu-shen-xue%2Foclc%2F922966210%26referer%3Dbrief_results&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">曾慶豹. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164656/https://www.worldcat.org/title/mang-zhe-de-shi-yu-jie-gou-zhi-yu-shen-xue/oclc/1005934670%26referer%3Dbrief_results">盲者的視域: 解構之於神學</a>. 臺灣基督教文藝出版社. 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789866131400" title="Special:网络书源/9789866131400"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789866131400</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/mang-zhe-de-shi-yu-jie-gou-zhi-yu-shen-xue/oclc/1005934670&referer=brief_results">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-03) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&rft.au=%E6%9B%BE%E6%85%B6%E8%B1%B9&rft.btitle=%E7%9B%B2%E8%80%85%E7%9A%84%E8%A6%96%E5%9F%9F%3A+%E8%A7%A3%E6%A7%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%96%BC%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789866131400&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fmang-zhe-de-shi-yu-jie-gou-zhi-yu-shen-xue%2Foclc%2F1005934670%26referer%3Dbrief_results&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="香港哲學">香港哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%AD%98%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="實存運動">實存運動</a></li> <li>中央研究院「日治臺灣哲學與實存運動」研究計畫,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phi.project.sinica.edu.tw/">日治時期臺灣哲學文獻清單列表</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170309205526/https://phi.project.sinica.edu.tw/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》。</li> <li>台灣哲學館倡議,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://motp2020.blogspot.com/">台灣哲學館倡議</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220330013308/https://motp2020.blogspot.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》。</li> <li>中央廣播電臺,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFD5RtJHjyo&list=PLUVNcpyCoTdqInikg6eVm38bECi5FvfBD">2017 世界哲學日plus 臺灣</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190518141509/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFD5RtJHjyo&list=PLUVNcpyCoTdqInikg6eVm38bECi5FvfBD">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》(2017年11月16、17日)。</li> <li>哲學 Cafe,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410201558/http://official.ner.gov.tw/program/5a83f4eac5fd8a01e2df0170/5ac74fc5bbd0c80007a51b4b">2017 被遺忘的臺灣哲學家們</a>》(2018年4月10日)。</li> <li>《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fp100.blogspot.tw/">臺灣哲學100週年學術研討會</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180504104917/http://fp100.blogspot.tw/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》,南港:中央研究院歐美研究所(2016年7月14、15日)</li> <li>臺灣大學哲學系臺灣哲學研究室,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320091521/http://www.philo.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/page.php?no=9">臺灣哲學研究資料庫</a>》。</li> <li>民視臺灣學堂,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtDoZMsJ8gI">哲學談,淺淺地─淺談日治時期的臺灣哲學</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211230042951/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtDoZMsJ8gI">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》(2017年9月22日)。</li> <li>臺灣大學,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZB-btatO7Pc">臺北帝國大學文政學部第一場 臺北帝國大學文政學部第一場:文學科:漢詩‧文學史‧文化介入 | 迎向臺大百年學術傳承講座</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210426184852/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZB-btatO7Pc">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》(2020年10月21日)。</li> <li>臺灣大學,《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YC6Q89pfLko">臺北帝國大學文政學部第二場 史學科:臺灣研究與南方研究的發展、哲學科:臺灣哲學與臺北帝大哲學科 | 迎向臺大百年學術傳承講座</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210313015820/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YC6Q89pfLko">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)》(2020年10月28日)。</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="哲学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:哲学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:哲学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:哲学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="哲学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div id="分支(形而上学_·_认识论_·_逻辑学_·_伦理学_·_美学_·_價值論)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6#分支" title="哲学">分支</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學">形而上学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="认识论">认识论</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑">逻辑学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%AB%96" title="價值論">價值論</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;">哲学与……</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">艺术</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="设计哲学">设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="音乐哲学">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="电影哲学">电影</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="历史哲学">历史</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="哲學人類學">人性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="语言哲学">语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学与文学">文学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="文化哲學">文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教育哲學">教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="人生哲学">人生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宇宙学">宇宙学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="本体论 (哲学)">存在</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="元哲学">哲学</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="心灵哲学">精神</a></b> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="痛苦(哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pain (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%9B%E8%8B%A6%EF%BC%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="痛苦(哲学)(页面不存在)">痛苦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Pain (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pain (philosophy)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%BB%98%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="幽默理論">幽默</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="心理学哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="心理學哲學">心理学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of psychology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of psychology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神经哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neurophilosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神经哲学(页面不存在)">神经哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophilosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Neurophilosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neurophilosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="行動理論">行动</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="数学哲学">数学</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="人工智能哲學">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="資訊哲學">信息</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E7%A9%BA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="时空哲学">时空</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="科学哲学">科学</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="物理哲学">物理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="化学哲学">化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="生物學哲學">生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="地理哲學">地理</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="環境哲學">环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="技术哲学">技术</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="工程学哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程学哲学(页面不存在)">工程</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of engineering</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学哲学(页面不存在)">医学哲学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="醫療衛生哲學">醫療衛生哲學</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="性哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of sex"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性哲学(页面不存在)">性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_sex" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of sex"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of sex</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会科学的哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophy of social science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会科学的哲学(页面不存在)">社会科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_social_science" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophy of social science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophy of social science</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学与经济学">经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="正義">公正</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="法律哲学">法律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="政治哲学">政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="社会哲学">社会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="戰爭哲學">战争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div id="哲学学派" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学体系列表(页面不存在)">哲学学派</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="哲學史">哲學史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="西方哲学">西方</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古典哲学">古典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">中世纪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="文艺复兴时期哲学">文艺复兴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="近代哲學">近代</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="巴洛克时期哲学">巴洛克时期</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="啟蒙時代">啟蒙時代</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="19世纪哲学">19世紀</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2#当代哲学" title="西方哲学史">当代</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="東方哲學">东方</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古典哲学">古典</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">中国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6" title="法家">法家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%AE%B6" title="名家">名家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="墨家">墨家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%B8" title="魏晉玄學">魏晉玄學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%9C%B1%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%B4" title="杨朱学说">杨朱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%85%E5%AE%97" title="禅宗">禅宗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊哲学">希腊-</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%8C%96%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="希臘化哲學">希臘化哲學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="前苏格拉底哲学">前苏格拉底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E8%BE%BE%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="毕达哥拉斯主义">毕达哥拉斯主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%BE%A9%E5%AE%B6" title="智辩家">诡辩学派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="柏拉图主义">柏拉图主义</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="亞里斯多德主義">亞里斯多德主義</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%99%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="逍遙學派">逍遙學派</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="犬儒學派">犬儒學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E9%B3%A9%E9%AD%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="伊比鳩魯學派">伊比鳩魯學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E8%91%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="斯多葛主義">斯多亞學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新柏拉图主义">新柏拉图主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="解釋學">解釋學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="佛教哲学">佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="顺世论">顺世论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度教哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hindu philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教哲学(页面不存在)">印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Hindu philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hindu philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耆那教哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jain philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耆那教哲学(页面不存在)">耆那教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jain_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Jain philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jain philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iranian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗哲学(页面不存在)">波斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Iranian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iranian philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%85%B9%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%8B" title="玛兹达克">玛兹达克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%90%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="琐罗亚斯德教">祆教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%9B" title="祖尔宛">楚尔凡教义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀哲學">中世紀</a> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">9 – 16<br />世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="基督教哲学">基督</a>欧洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学">经院哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="文藝復興人文主義">人文主义</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="托马斯主义">托马斯主义</a></b>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">阿奎那</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">东亚</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%98%8E%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宋明理學">宋明理學</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E6%9C%B1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="程朱理学">程朱理学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%AD%B8" title="心學">陆王心学</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%98%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="永嘉学派">永嘉学派</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國儒學">韓國儒學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%B1%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="日本朱子学">日本朱子学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">印度</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新逻辑学派 (印度哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Navya-Nyāya"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新逻辑学派 (印度哲学)(页面不存在)">新逻辑学派 (印度哲学)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navya-Ny%C4%81ya" class="extiw" title="en:Navya-Nyāya"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Navya-Nyāya</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有保留的非二元论 (印度哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vishishtadvaita"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E7%9A%84%E9%9D%9E%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有保留的非二元论 (印度哲学)(页面不存在)">有保留的非二元论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" class="extiw" title="en:Vishishtadvaita"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vishishtadvaita</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二元论 (印度哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dvaita"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二元论 (印度哲学)(页面不存在)">二元论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvaita" class="extiw" title="en:Dvaita"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dvaita</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">伊斯兰</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿威罗伊主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Averroism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A8%81%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿威罗伊主义(页面不存在)">阿威罗伊主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averroism" class="extiw" title="en:Averroism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Averroism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3#哲学思想" title="伊本·西那">阿维森纳</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="照明主义哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Illuminationism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A7%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="照明主义哲学(页面不存在)">照明主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminationism" class="extiw" title="en:Illuminationism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Illuminationism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">伊斯兰教义学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏菲主义哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sufi philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏菲主义哲学(页面不存在)">苏菲主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Sufi philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sufi philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="猶太教哲學">犹太教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太-伊斯兰哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA-%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太-伊斯兰哲学(页面不存在)">犹太-伊斯兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Islamic_philosophies_(800%E2%80%931400)" class="extiw" title="en:Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Judeo-Islamic philosophies (800–1400)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="近代哲學">近代</a> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">17 – 19<br />世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><b>人物</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新托马斯主义">新托马斯主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="笛卡尔主义">笛卡尔主义</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="康德主义">康德主义</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新康德主义">新康德主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="黑格尔主义">黑格尔主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="马克思主义哲学">马克思主义哲学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">唯物-唯心</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="辩证唯物主义">辩证唯物主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義">唯心主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="绝对唯心论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Absolute idealism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绝对唯心论(页面不存在)">绝对唯心论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_idealism" class="extiw" title="en:Absolute idealism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Absolute idealism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="理性主义">理性主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="经验主义">经验主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="功利主義">效益主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实用主义">实用主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="古典自由主义">自由主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="无政府主义">无政府主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="現代主義">現代主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="現象學">現象學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超验主义">超验主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="存在主义">存在主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國學">日本國學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="新儒家">新儒家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%82%E9%9D%9C%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="寂靜主義">寂静主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="改革宗知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reformed epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%AE%97%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="改革宗知识论(页面不存在)">改革宗知识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Reformed epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reformed epistemology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="西方哲学史">当代</a> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">20 – 21<br />世纪</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="分析哲學">分析</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分析女性主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Analytical feminism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分析女性主义(页面不存在)">分析女性主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_feminism" class="extiw" title="en:Analytical feminism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Analytical feminism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="分析马克思主义">分析马克思主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后分析哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postanalytic philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后分析哲学(页面不存在)">后分析哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postanalytic_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Postanalytic philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postanalytic philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="结果论">结果论</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="功利主義">功利主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="义务伦理学">道义论</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·罗尔斯">罗尔斯主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%A7%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="德性倫理學">德性倫理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="實驗哲學">實驗哲學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="内在主义与外在主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internalism and externalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内在主义与外在主义(页面不存在)">内在主义与外在主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalism_and_externalism" class="extiw" title="en:Internalism and externalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Internalism and externalism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81%E4%BC%AA%E6%80%A7" title="可证伪性">证伪主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基础主义">基础主义</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E8%9E%8D%E8%B4%AF%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="真理融贯论">真理融贯论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="路德维希·维特根斯坦">维特根斯坦</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="逻辑实证主义">逻辑实证主义</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="维也纳学派">维也纳学派</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%B8%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="日常語言哲學">日常語言哲學</a>-<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然主义知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Naturalized epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然主义知识论(页面不存在)">蒯因的自然主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalized_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Naturalized epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Naturalized epistemology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="科学主义">科学主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="法律实证主义">法律实证主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歐陸哲學">欧陆</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新馬克思主義">新馬克思主義</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="西方马克思主义">西方马克思主义</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="後馬克思主義">後馬克思主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="黑格尔主义">黑格尔主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="法蘭克福學派">法蘭克福學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="結構主義">結構主義</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="後結構主義">後結構主義</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="解構主義">解構主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="現象學">現象學</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="存在主义">存在主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="解釋學">解釋學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="符號學">符號學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義">女性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析学</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B2%A1" title="雅各·拉岡">拉康主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="后殖民主义">后殖民主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="后现代主义哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Postmodern philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="后现代主义哲学(页面不存在)">后现代主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Postmodern philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Postmodern philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会建构主义">社会建构主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFF1DD; text-align: center;">非西方</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="京都學派">京都學派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="俄罗斯宇宙主义">俄国宇宙主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学体系列表(页面不存在)">更多</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div id="领域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">领域</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="形上學">形上學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%AB%96" title="原子論">原子論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AB%96" title="二元論">二元論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA" title="一元论">一元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="形而上自然主義">自然主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="本体论 (哲学)">本体论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="行動理論">行动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6_(%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)" title="事件 (哲学)">事件</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="过程哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Process philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="过程哲学(页面不存在)">过程哲学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Process philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Process philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6" title="現實">現實</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反实在论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anti-realism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%9E%E5%9C%A8%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反实在论(页面不存在)">反实在论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-realism" class="extiw" title="en:Anti-realism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anti-realism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E8%AB%96" title="概念論">概念論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義">唯心主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="唯物主义">唯物主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="自然主义">自然主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%AB%96" title="唯名論">唯名論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%9C%A8%E8%AB%96" title="實在論">實在論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="认识论">认识论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="理性主义">理性主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="唯心主義認識論">唯心主義認識論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="经验主义">经验主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="建构主义知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constructivist epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="建构主义知识论(页面不存在)">建构主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivist_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Constructivist epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constructivist epistemology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特殊主义知识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Epistemological particularism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特殊主义知识论(页面不存在)">特殊主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemological_particularism" class="extiw" title="en:Epistemological particularism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Epistemological particularism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="怀疑主义哲学#知识论和怀疑主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philosophical skepticism#Epistemology and skepticism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%80%E7%96%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="怀疑主义哲学(页面不存在)">怀疑论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_skepticism#Epistemology_and_skepticism" class="extiw" title="en:Philosophical skepticism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philosophical skepticism#Epistemology and skepticism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E6%88%91%E8%AB%96" title="唯我論">唯我論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="信仰主義">信仰主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="心灵哲学">精神</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-disambig" title="行为主义">行为主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="取消主义">取消主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="副现象主义">副现象主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="机能主义(精神哲学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89(%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机能主义(精神哲学)(页面不存在)">机能主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" class="extiw" title="en:Functionalism (philosophy of mind)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Functionalism (philosophy of mind)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E6%80%A7" title="客觀性">客观主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="主觀主義">主觀主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="结果论">结果论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="义务伦理学">义务伦理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%A7%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="德性倫理學">德性倫理學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" title="自由意志">自由意志</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%B9%E8%AE%BA" title="相容论">相容论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96" title="決定論">決定論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89_(%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%A6)" title="自由意志主义 (形而上学)">自由意志主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="道德规范性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Norm (philosophy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道德规范性(页面不存在)">规范性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_(philosophy)" class="extiw" title="en:Norm (philosophy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Norm (philosophy)</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德绝对主义">绝对主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="道德特殊主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Moral particularism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道德特殊主义(页面不存在)">特殊主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_particularism" class="extiw" title="en:Moral particularism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Moral particularism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德相对主义">相对主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E8%99%9B%E7%84%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="道德虛無主義">虚无主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%80%E7%96%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德怀疑主义">怀疑主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="道德普遍主义">普遍主义</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="形式主义">形式主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艺术制度论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Institutional theory of art"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艺术制度论(页面不存在)">制度论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_theory_of_art" class="extiw" title="en:Institutional theory of art"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Institutional theory of art</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美学情感" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aesthetic emotions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美学情感(页面不存在)">美学回应</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetic_emotions" class="extiw" title="en:Aesthetic emotions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aesthetic emotions</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="逻辑">逻辑学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="经典逻辑">经典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF" title="非經典邏輯">非经典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="形式逻辑">形式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="非形式逻辑">非形式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%96%E8%AE%BA" title="悖论">悖论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%AC%E8%AA%A4" title="謬誤">謬誤</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div id="各地区哲学哲学相关列表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:各國哲學">各地区哲学</a></li><li>哲学相关列表</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:各國哲學">各地区哲学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="非洲哲学">非洲</a><small>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃塞俄比亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethiopian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃塞俄比亚哲学(页面不存在)">埃塞俄比亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Ethiopian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethiopian philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span>)</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿兹特克哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aztec philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿兹特克哲学(页面不存在)">阿兹特克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Aztec philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aztec philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="東方哲學">东方</a><small>(<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">中国</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="日本哲學">日本</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朝韩哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Korean philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%9D%E9%9F%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朝韩哲学(页面不存在)">朝韩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Korean philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Korean philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="香港哲學">香港</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">臺灣</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="印度哲学">印度</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iranian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗哲学(页面不存在)">伊朗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Iranian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iranian philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indonesian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚哲学(页面不存在)">印尼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Indonesian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indonesian philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴基斯坦哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pakistani philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴基斯坦哲学(页面不存在)">巴基斯坦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Pakistani philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pakistani philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="西方哲学">西方</a><small>(<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="American philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="美國哲學">美国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:American philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">American philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="英國哲學">英國</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danish philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦哲学(页面不存在)">丹麦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Danish philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danish philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国哲学(页面不存在)">法国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:French philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="德國哲學">德国</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古希腊哲学">希腊</a></b><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="意大利哲学">意大利</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波兰哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polish philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波兰哲学(页面不存在)">波兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Polish philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polish philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗马尼亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romanian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗马尼亚哲学(页面不存在)">罗马尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Romanian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romanian philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="俄国哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Russian philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俄国哲学(页面不存在)">俄国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Russian philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Russian philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯洛文尼亚哲学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slovene philosophy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯洛文尼亚哲学(页面不存在)">斯洛文尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_philosophy" class="extiw" title="en:Slovene philosophy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slovene philosophy</span></a></span>)</span></span>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.8em;background: #FFE5BE; text-align: center;">列表</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="哲学概要">概要</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学索引(页面不存在)">索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="未解決的哲學問題">问题</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学体系列表(页面不存在)">学派</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学词汇表(页面不存在)">词汇表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="哲學概念列表">概念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="哲學家列表">哲学家</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哲学运动(页面不存在)">运动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重要哲学出版物列表(页面不存在)">出版物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD699;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:哲学">主题</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:哲学">分类</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="WikiProject:哲学">专题</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="历史上的今天"><img alt="历史上的今天" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nuvola_apps_date.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_date.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/Template:%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:链出更改/Template:哲学">最近更改</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="臺灣主题" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Template:臺灣主題"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Template talk:臺灣主題"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:臺灣主題"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="臺灣主题" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>主题</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣歷史年表">歷史年表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣史前時期">史前時期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣考古遺址列表">考古遺址</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="臺灣原住民族">原住民政權及部落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣荷蘭統治時期">荷治時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣西班牙統治時期">西治時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%98%8E%E9%84%AD%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣明鄭時期">明鄭時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B8%85%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣清治時期">清治時期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A1%E4%B8%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="牡丹社事件">牡丹社事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%99%BC%E8%99%9F%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="羅發號事件">羅發號事件</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="台灣日治時期">日治時期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="臺灣民主國">臺灣民主國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E8%A8%AD%E7%BD%AE%E8%AB%8B%E9%A1%98%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="臺灣議會設置請願運動">自治議會設置請願運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E7%9C%BE%E9%BB%A8_(1927%E5%B9%B4)" title="臺灣民眾黨 (1927年)">首個政黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B8%82%E6%9C%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%A1%97%E5%BA%84%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%93%A1%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1935年臺灣市會及街庄協議會員選舉">首次選舉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣戰後時期">戰後時期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="二二八事件">二二八事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%88%92%E5%9A%B4%E4%BB%A4" title="臺灣省戒嚴令">戒嚴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%81%B7%E5%8F%B0" title="中華民國政府遷台">國府遷臺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣白色恐怖時期">白色恐怖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F" title="台灣奇蹟">臺灣奇蹟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%BA%97%E5%B3%B6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="美麗島事件">美麗島事件</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%8C%96" title="臺灣民主化">民主化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%88%92%E5%9A%B4%E4%BB%A4" title="臺灣省戒嚴令">解嚴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%99%BE%E5%90%88%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B" title="野百合學運">野百合學運</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E5%A2%9E%E4%BF%AE%E6%A2%9D%E6%96%87" title="中華民國憲法增修條文">修憲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E8%88%87%E7%BD%B7%E5%85%8D" title="中華民國國會在臺灣之全面選舉與罷免">國會全面改選</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%8F%8A%E5%89%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E8%88%87%E7%BD%B7%E5%85%8D" title="中華民國總統及副總統在臺灣之公民直接選舉與罷免">總統全民直選</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="2000年中華民國總統選舉">首次政黨輪替</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣海峽兩岸關係史">兩岸關係史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%80%9A" title="三通">兩岸三通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0" title="海峽兩岸服務貿易協議">服貿協議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E8%8A%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B" title="太陽花學運">太陽花學運</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8F%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="闽台关系">福建</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E2%80%94%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="台灣—香港關係">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E2%80%94%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="台灣—澳門關係">澳門</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">對外關係史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">亞太</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與日本關係史">日本</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E4%B8%8E%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%8F%B2" title="台湾与琉球关系史">琉球</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E2%80%94%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="臺灣—朝鮮半島關係">朝鮮半島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與印尼關係史">印尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與菲律賓關係史">菲律賓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">歐美</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與英國關係史">英國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與西班牙關係史">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與荷蘭關係史">荷蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="台灣與法國關係史">法國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與德國關係史">德國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與瑞典關係史">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與俄羅斯關係史">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與美國關係史">美國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%87%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣與巴西關係史">巴西</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%84%89%E9%8E%AE%E5%B8%82%E5%8D%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國臺灣地區鄉鎮市區列表">城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="臺灣氣候">氣候</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾自然灾害列表">自然災害</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣地震列表">地震</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="台灣地理">地形</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國島嶼列表">島嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣海岸">海岸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣火山列表">火山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BE%E5%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣百岳">百岳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣山峰列表">山峰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣河流列表">河流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣湖泊列表">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣瀑布列表">瀑布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣濕地列表">濕地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣地質">地質</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣斷層">斷層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%BA%AB%E6%B3%89" title="台灣溫泉">溫泉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%89%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣特有種列表">特有種</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BF%9D%E8%82%B2%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣保育物種列表">保育物種</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="中華民國國家公園">國家公園</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%B4%9A%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%8D%80" title="國家級風景特定區">國家風景區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80" title="台灣自然保護區">自然保護區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣自然生態保護區">自然生態保護區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="臺灣環境運動">環境保育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">內部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民國政府">政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="中華民國總統">總統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%89%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="中華民國副總統">副總統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7" title="行政院院長">行政院院長</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民國總統府">總統府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="臺灣行政區劃">行政區劃</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="中華民國行政區劃">中華民國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="中華民國憲法">憲法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%8C%96" title="臺灣民主化">民主化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="臺灣選舉">選舉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="中华民国审查制度">審查制度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="國家安全會議 (中華民國)">國家安全會議</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80" title="中華民國國家安全局">國安局</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="中華民國法律">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8%E8%AD%A6%E6%94%BF%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="内政部警政署">警政署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91" title="中華民國國民">國籍</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="行政院">行政院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="立法院">立法院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="司法院">司法院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E8%A9%A6%E9%99%A2" title="考試院">考試院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2" title="監察院">監察院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="中華民國軍事">軍事</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國國防部">國防部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D" title="中華民國國軍">國軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="中華民國空軍">空軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="中華民國海軍">海軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="中華民國陸軍">陸軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E5%8F%83%E8%AC%80%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8%E8%B3%87%E9%80%9A%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8D%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="國防部參謀本部資通電軍指揮部">資通電軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%85%B5" title="中華民國憲兵">憲兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%8C%E5%82%99%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="國防部後備指揮部">後備兵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%85%B5%E5%BD%B9%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="臺灣兵役制度">兵役</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國政黨列表">政黨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">外部</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="中華民國外交">外交</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="臺灣問題">統獨議題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E6%B5%B7%E7%8F%BE%E7%8B%80" title="臺海現狀">臺海現狀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" title="中華民國在台灣">中華民國在台灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%98%AF%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="中華民國是臺灣">中華民國是臺灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%88%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%EF%BC%89" title="中華民國(臺灣)">中華民國(臺灣)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="中華民國臺灣">中華民國臺灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E9%82%8A%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%8B" title="一邊一國">一邊一國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="两个中国">两个中国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="特殊的國與國關係">兩國論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E6%89%BF%E8%AA%8D%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%EF%BC%8C%E4%BA%92%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%A6%E8%AA%8D%E6%B2%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="兩岸互不承認主權,互不否認治權">特殊非兩國論</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%9A%E8%AB%96" title="台灣地位未定論">台灣地位未定論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">議題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="中華意識">中華主體意識</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%BB%E9%AB%94%E6%80%A7" title="臺灣主體性">台灣主體意識</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96%E6%88%B0" title="台灣意識論戰">臺灣意識論戰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8C%96" title="去中國化">去中國化</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8C%96" title="去臺灣化">去臺灣化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="台灣本土化運動">台灣本土化運動</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E8%A7%80" title="中國史觀">中國史觀</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B3%B6%E5%8F%B2%E8%A7%80" title="臺灣島史觀">臺灣史觀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="中国民族主义">中華民族主義</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="台湾民族主义">台湾民族主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80" title="中国统一">中国统一</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="台灣獨立運動">台灣獨立</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%85%89%E5%BE%A9" title="臺灣光復">臺灣光復</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%AB%96" title="中華民國軍事佔領台灣論">中華民國佔領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="台灣南北差距">南北差距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%BD%89%E5%9E%8B%E6%AD%A3%E7%BE%A9" title="臺灣轉型正義">臺灣轉型正義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8%E9%BB%A8%E7%94%A2%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="中國國民黨黨產爭議">不當黨產</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0%E8%AD%B0%E9%A1%8C" title="台灣軍公教爭議議題">軍公教爭議</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E9%87%91%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="年金改革">年金改革</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾经济">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣銀行列表">銀行</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="中華民國中央銀行">中央銀行</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="台湾货币史">貨幣史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E9%8A%80%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="西班牙銀元">西班牙銀元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%9B%86%E9%80%9A%E5%AF%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="永曆通寶">永曆通寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E9%80%9A%E5%AE%9D" title="康熙通宝">康熙通寶</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%BA%9C%E9%93%B8%E9%92%B1%E5%B1%80" title="台湾府铸钱局">臺字錢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B8" title="臺灣銀行券">臺灣銀行券</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E8%87%BA%E5%B9%A3" title="舊臺幣">舊臺幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%87%BA%E5%B9%A3" title="新臺幣">新臺幣</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E7%99%BC%E7%A5%A8_(%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3)" title="統一發票 (臺灣)">統一發票</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2" title="台灣經濟史">經濟史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%8F%B4" title="美援">美援</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD" title="十大建設">十大建設</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%85%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD" title="十二項建設">十二項建設</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E5%BB%BA" title="六年國建">六年國建</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%AA%E7%87%9F%E9%81%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="亞太營運中心">亞太營運中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD" title="新十大建設">新十大建設</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%8F%B0%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD" title="愛台十二建設">愛台十二建設</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%9E%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="前瞻基礎建設計畫">前瞻計畫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="台灣農業">台灣農業</a></li> <li>土地改革 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%83%E4%BA%94%E6%B8%9B%E7%A7%9F%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="耕地三七五減租條例">三七五減租</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%BE%E9%A0%98" title="公地放領">公地放領</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%95%E8%80%85%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B6%E7%94%B0" title="耕者有其田">耕者有其田</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="中華民國科技">科技</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%92%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣的科學園區">科學園區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="台灣半導體產業">半導體產業</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="台灣能源">能源</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="台灣電力產業">電力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%85%A4%E7%A4%A6" title="台灣煤礦">礦業</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="臺灣汽車產業">汽車產業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%83%E5%8D%80" title="臺灣都會區">都會區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="臺灣證券交易所">證交所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%9C%9F%E8%B2%A8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="臺灣期貨交易所">期交所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%A5%A8%E6%93%9A%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E6%89%80" title="台灣票據交換所">票據交換所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E6%AB%83%E6%AA%AF%E8%B2%B7%E8%B3%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="中華民國證券櫃檯買賣中心">櫃買中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%86%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%9D%E7%AE%A1%E7%B5%90%E7%AE%97%E6%89%80" title="臺灣集中保管結算所">集保結算所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E8%82%A1%E7%A5%A8%E5%9E%8B%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E4%BF%A1%E8%A8%97%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91" title="臺灣指數股票型證券投資信託基金">臺灣ETF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%AC%8A%E8%82%A1%E5%83%B9%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="加權股價指數">TAIEX</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="臺灣交通">交通</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="臺灣公路">公路</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E5%AE%A2%E9%81%8B" title="臺灣汽車客運">汽車客運</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="臺灣鐵路運輸">鐵路運輸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="台灣鐵路">台鐵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%AB%98%E9%90%B5" title="台灣高鐵">高鐵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="臺灣捷運系統">捷運系統</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣機場列表">飛航</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%88%AA%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國民航相關事業列表">民航相關事業列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣航空公司列表">航空公司列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="臺灣港口">港口</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%BC%81%E6%B8%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣漁港列表">漁港</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Category:社会">社会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="概觀" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">概觀</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣社會學會">台灣社會學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5%E8%88%87%E6%AD%B2%E6%99%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國節日與歲時列表">公衆假期</a>與國定假日</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">文化輸出</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%9B%B8%E9%99%A2" title="臺灣書院">臺灣書院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣國際指數列表">國際排名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="臺灣人權">人權</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3LGBT%E6%AC%8A%E7%9B%8A" title="台灣LGBT權益">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="Category:臺灣社會運動">社會運動</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B9%8B%E6%9C%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣之最列表">台灣之最</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%B9%8B%E5%85%89" title="台灣之光">台灣之光</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="臺灣文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2" title="台灣文化史">文化史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%AC%A1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="Category:台灣次文化">次文化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="臺灣料理">飲食</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%B0%8F%E5%90%83" title="台灣小吃">小吃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%9C%E5%B8%82" title="台灣夜市">夜市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%8C%B6%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="臺灣茶文化">茶文化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E5%BD%A9%E5%88%B8" title="中華民國公益彩券">公益彩券</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="台灣電影">電影</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣電影列表">電影列表</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="台灣戲劇">戲劇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%B8%83%E8%A2%8B%E6%88%B2" title="臺灣布袋戲">布袋戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E4%BB%94%E6%88%B2" title="歌仔戲">歌仔戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B2" title="客家大戲">客家大戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%AE%A1%E6%88%B2" title="北管戲">亂彈戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%94%B2%E6%88%B2#臺灣高甲戲" class="mw-redirect" title="高甲戲">九甲戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A8%E5%9C%92%E6%88%B2" title="梨園戲">七子戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87" title="臺灣電視劇">電視劇</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣電視劇列表">列表</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="台灣音樂">音樂</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%AE%A1" title="南管">南管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%AE%A1" title="北管">北管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E4%BB%94" title="歌仔">歌仔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AB%E9%9F%B3" title="客家八音">客家八音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E5%B1%B1%E6%AD%8C" title="客家山歌">客家山歌</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B5%81" title="台流">流行文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣語言列表">語言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="台灣文學">文學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="台灣文學史">文學史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣建築">建築</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%9C%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣夜市列表">列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1" title="台灣攝影">攝影</a></li> <li>觀光景點 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%85%AB%E6%99%AF" title="台灣八景">台灣八景</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">哲學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="臺灣人口">人口</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣人">臺灣人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="臺灣族群">族群</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="臺灣原住民族">原住民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣漢人">漢族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA" title="本省人">本省人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%81%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣外省人">外省人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%A3%94%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="閩南裔臺灣人">閩南人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A3%94%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="客家裔臺灣人">客家人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="臺灣新住民">臺灣新住民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BA%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="在臺外國人">在臺外國人</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E7%B1%8D%E6%83%85%E7%B5%90" title="臺灣省籍情結">省籍情結</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="國語政策">國語政策</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%83%85%E7%B5%90" title="臺灣人日本情結">日本情結</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E5%AF%87" title="倭寇">倭寇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="皇民化運動">皇民化運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD" title="國語家庭">國語家庭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%A3%E7%94%9F" title="灣生">灣生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8C%96" title="去日本化">去日本化</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%A2%B0%E9%AC%A5" title="台灣分類械鬥">族群械鬥</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%BC%A2%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="原漢衝突">原漢衝突</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A2%B0%E9%AC%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="閩客械鬥">閩客械鬥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E6%B3%89%E6%A2%B0%E9%AC%A5" title="漳泉械鬥">漳泉械鬥</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="海外臺灣人">海外臺灣人</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔美國人">美國籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E8%A3%94%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="台湾裔澳大利亚人">澳大利亞籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔加拿大人">加拿大籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="在日臺灣人">日本籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔泰國人">泰國籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A3%94%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA" title="臺灣裔越南人">越南籍</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7" title="臺灣女性">女性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="台灣媒體">媒體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%8F%B2" title="台灣媒體史">媒體史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E8%A7%80%E5%AF%9F%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E6%9C%83" title="台灣媒體觀察教育基金會">媒體觀察教育基金會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="台灣新聞記者協會">新聞記者協會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="臺灣電視">電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾电台">電台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台灣報紙列表">報業</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%A0%B1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣報業史">報業史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C" title="Category:臺灣雜誌">雜誌</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%88%92%E5%9A%B4%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B4%99%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E8%BE%A6%E6%B3%95" title="臺灣省戒嚴期間新聞紙雜誌圖書管制辦法">新聞紙雜誌圖書管制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%BB%E7%8E%A9%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣電玩雜誌列表">電玩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C%E5%8F%8A%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣雜誌及期刊列表">雜誌及期刊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E7%94%B5%E5%8F%B0" title="台湾地下电台">地下電台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%A0%B1%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%B0" title="兩報三台">兩報三台</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%B0" title="老三台">老三台</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%B1" title="南臺灣三大報">南臺灣三大報</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="媒體操縱" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E6%93%8D%E7%B8%B1_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)" title="媒體操縱 (台灣)">媒體操縱</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E6%94%BF%E8%BB%8D%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="黨政軍退出媒體">黨政軍退出媒體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E4%BA%82%E8%B1%A1" title="臺灣媒體亂象">乱象</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="統派媒體 (台灣)(页面不存在)">統派</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%9B%E8%97%8D%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泛藍媒體(页面不存在)">泛藍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="親中媒體">親中</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E6%B4%BE%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)" title="獨派媒體 (台灣)">獨派</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%AA%E7%B6%A0%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="親綠媒體(页面不存在)">親綠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E8%87%AA" title="三民自">三民自</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">醫療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="台湾十大死因列表">十大死因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="國家衛生研究院 (中華民國)">國家衛生研究院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國衛生福利部">衛生福利部</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="全民健康保險">全民健保</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%83%A8%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85%E7%AE%A1%E5%88%B6%E7%BD%B2" title="衛生福利部疾病管制署">疾病管制署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="國家衛生指揮中心中央流行疫情指揮中心">中央疫情指揮中心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣醫院列表">醫療機構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國醫學中心列表">醫學中心</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="臺灣教育">教育</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%8F%B2" title="臺灣教育史">教育史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣戰後時期發明與發現列表">發明與發現</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="台灣體育">體育</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="台灣學術期刊(页面不存在)">學術期刊</a></li> <li>文獻資料庫 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8D%9A%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E5%8A%A0%E5%80%BC%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統">博碩士論文知識加值系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B3%95%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="台灣法實證研究資料庫">台灣法實證研究資料庫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8#政大機構典藏" title="國立政治大學">政大機構典藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%97%9D%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="華藝學術資料庫">華藝學術資料庫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="國家發展委員會檔案管理局">國家檔案館</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">環境</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Category:臺灣環境污染">環境汙染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="臺灣空氣污染">空氣汙染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣垃圾焚化爐列表">垃圾焚化爐</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">國家象徵</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" title="台湾的名称">稱號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="臺灣國旗">國旗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C" title="台灣國歌">國歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E8%8A%B1" title="臺灣國花">國花</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E9%B3%A5" title="台灣國鳥">國鳥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣統治者列表">統治者</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1_(%E9%80%9A%E7%A8%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="臺灣總統 (通稱)(页面不存在)">總統</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="臺灣首都">國都</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="Category:臺灣">分类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="Portal:臺灣">主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐btt28 Cached time: 20241124192842 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.106 seconds Real time usage: 1.337 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6470/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 583916/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 42953/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 64/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 119426/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.514/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4712170/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 988.008 1 -total 58.85% 581.427 22 Template:Navbox 22.44% 221.677 1 Template:Philosophy-sidebar 19.73% 194.937 1 Template:Philosophy_navigation 12.52% 123.730 1 Template:Taiwan_topics 12.43% 122.843 19 Template:Cite_book 11.97% 118.258 1 Template:Country_topics 10.16% 100.406 46 Template:Le 7.44% 73.516 15 Template:Cite_journal 6.70% 66.217 1 Template:Authority_control --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:5487548:|#|:idhash:canonical!zh and timestamp 20241124192842 and revision id 83280471. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=臺灣哲學&oldid=83280471">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=臺灣哲學&oldid=83280471</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:東方哲學">東方哲學</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:臺灣哲學">臺灣哲學</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%84%92%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:台灣儒學">台灣儒學</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(de)" title="Category:CS1德语来源 (de)">CS1德语来源 (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B4" title="Category:引文格式1维护:日期与年">引文格式1维护:日期与年</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年7月4日 (星期四) 14:41。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-chffv","wgBackendResponseTime":200,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.106","walltime":"1.337","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6470,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":583916,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":42953,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":64,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":119426,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 988.008 1 -total"," 58.85% 581.427 22 Template:Navbox"," 22.44% 221.677 1 Template:Philosophy-sidebar"," 19.73% 194.937 1 Template:Philosophy_navigation"," 12.52% 123.730 1 Template:Taiwan_topics"," 12.43% 122.843 19 Template:Cite_book"," 11.97% 118.258 1 Template:Country_topics"," 10.16% 100.406 46 Template:Le"," 7.44% 73.516 15 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.70% 66.217 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.514","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4712170,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-btt28","timestamp":"20241124192842","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u81fa\u7063\u54f2\u5b78","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28414561","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28414561","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-10-19T23:57:08Z","dateModified":"2024-07-04T14:41:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9b\/Philbar_4.png"}</script> </body> </html>