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life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Political career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Greek_politics_before_Andreas_Papandreou" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_politics_before_Andreas_Papandreou"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Greek politics before Andreas Papandreou </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_politics_before_Andreas_Papandreou-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Junta_era_(1959-1967)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Junta_era_(1959-1967)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pre-Junta era (1959-1967) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Junta_era_(1959-1967)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Junta_and_exile_(1967-1974)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Junta_and_exile_(1967-1974)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Junta and exile (1967-1974) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Junta_and_exile_(1967-1974)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Greece,_Restoration_of_democracy_(1974-1981)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Greece,_Restoration_of_democracy_(1974-1981)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Return to Greece, Restoration of democracy (1974-1981) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Greece,_Restoration_of_democracy_(1974-1981)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leading_the_"Change"_(1981-85)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leading_the_"Change"_(1981-85)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Leading the "Change" (1981-85) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leading_the_"Change"_(1981-85)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stabilization_&_Disillusionment_(1985-89)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stabilization_&_Disillusionment_(1985-89)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Stabilization & Disillusionment (1985-89) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stabilization_&_Disillusionment_(1985-89)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heart_Surgery_&_Liani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heart_Surgery_&_Liani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 Heart Surgery & Liani </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heart_Surgery_&_Liani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koskotas_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koskotas_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.2 Koskotas scandal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koskotas_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abuse_of_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abuse_of_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.3 Abuse of power </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abuse_of_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lost_power_(1990-1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lost_power_(1990-1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Lost power (1990-1993) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lost_power_(1990-1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_power_(1993-1996)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_power_(1993-1996)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Return to power (1993-1996) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_power_(1993-1996)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Economic policies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 International politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papandreou's_image_and_influence_in_Greek_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papandreou's_image_and_influence_in_Greek_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Papandreou's image and influence in Greek popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Papandreou's_image_and_influence_in_Greek_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theodore_Katsanevas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theodore_Katsanevas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Theodore Katsanevas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theodore_Katsanevas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decorations_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Decorations and awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decorations_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Andreas Papandreou</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88" title="أندرياس باباندريو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أندرياس باباندريو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Андреас Папандреу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андреас Папандреу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9as_Papandr%C3%A9ou" title="Andréas Papandréou – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Andréas Papandréou" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9as_Papandr%C3%A9ou" title="Andréas Papandréou – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Andréas Papandréou" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%88" title="آندرئاس پاپاندرئو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آندرئاس پاپاندرئو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9as_Papandr%C3%A9ou" title="Andréas Papandréou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andréas Papandréou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8C%8C%ED%8C%90%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%9A%B0" title="안드레아스 파판드레우 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안드레아스 파판드레우" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Անդրեաս Պապանդրեու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անդրեաս Պապանդրեու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95" title="אנדראס פפנדראו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנדראס פפנדראו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="आंद्रिआस पापेन्द्रु – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंद्रिआस पापेन्द्रु" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88" title="اندرياس باباندرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندرياس باباندرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9as_Papandr%C3%A9ou" title="Andréas Papandréou – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Andréas Papandréou" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Папандреу, Андреас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папандреу, Андреас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Андреас Папандреу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Андреас Папандреу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9as_Papandr%C3%A9ou" title="Andréas Papandréou – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andréas Papandréou" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Andreas Papandreou – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andreas Papandreou" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Papandreu" title="Andreas Papandreu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Andreas Papandreu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Андреас Папандреу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андреас Папандреу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Greek economist and politician (1919–1996)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Andreas Papandreou</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Ανδρέας Παπανδρέου</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Papandreou_(1968)_2_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Andreas_Papandreou_%281968%29_2_crop.jpg/220px-Andreas_Papandreou_%281968%29_2_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Andreas_Papandreou_%281968%29_2_crop.jpg/330px-Andreas_Papandreou_%281968%29_2_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Andreas_Papandreou_%281968%29_2_crop.jpg/440px-Andreas_Papandreou_%281968%29_2_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1611" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Papandreou in 1968</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 13 October 1993 – 17 January 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Stephanopoulos" title="Konstantinos Stephanopoulos">Kostis Stephanopoulos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 21 October 1981 – 2 July 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a> <a href="/wiki/Christos_Sartzetakis" title="Christos Sartzetakis">Christos Sartzetakis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Giorgos Rallis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tzannis_Tzannetakis" title="Tzannis Tzannetakis">Tzannis Tzannetakis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 11 April 1990 – 13 October 1993</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Vacant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 12 October 1989 – 23 November 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Vacant</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 28 November 1977 – 21 October 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Mavros" title="Georgios Mavros">Giorgos Mavros</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Giorgos Rallis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Panhellenic Socialist Movement">Panhellenic Socialist Movement</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 3 September 1974 – 23 June 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Parliament" title="Hellenic Parliament">Member of the Hellenic Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 17 November 1974 – 23 June 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 16 February 1964 – 21 April 1967</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Andreas Papandreou</div> (1919-02-05)5 February 1919 <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 June 1996(1996-06-23) (aged 77) <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (formerly)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Panhellenic Socialist Movement">Panhellenic Socialist Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Christina Rasia</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1941; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1951)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chant-Papandreou" title="Margaret Chant-Papandreou">Margaret Chant-Papandreou</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1951; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1989)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Liani" title="Dimitra Liani">Dimitra Liani</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1989)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George</a> Sofia <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Papandreou" title="Nikos Papandreou">Nikos</a> Andrikos Emilia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">Georgios Papandreou</a> (father)</li><li>Sofia Mineico (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">University of Athens</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas-g-papandreou-signature-circa1985.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andreas Papandreou's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Andreas-g-papandreou-signature-circa1985.svg/128px-Andreas-g-papandreou-signature-circa1985.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Andreas-g-papandreou-signature-circa1985.svg/192px-Andreas-g-papandreou-signature-circa1985.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Andreas-g-papandreou-signature-circa1985.svg/256px-Andreas-g-papandreou-signature-circa1985.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="60" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papandreou.iema.gr/index.html">Andreas G. Papandreou Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Andreas Georgiou Papandreou (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Ανδρέας Γεωργίου Παπανδρέου,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[anˈðreas papanˈðreu]</a>; 5 February 1919 – 23 June 1996) was a Greek economist, politician, and a dominant figure in Greek politics, known for founding the political party <a href="/wiki/PASOK" title="PASOK">PASOK</a>, which he led from 1974 to 1996. He served three terms as the 3rd and 8th <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Greece">prime minister of Greece</a>. His father, <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">Georgios Papandreou</a>, and his son, <a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a>, have both also served as prime ministers of Greece. Papandreou's party win in the 1981 election was a milestone in the political history of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, since it was the first time that the elected government had a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> political program. The achievements of his first two governments include the official recognition of the leftist and communist resistance groups of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greek Resistance</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Greece)" title="National Liberation Front (Greece)">EAM</a>/<a href="/wiki/ELAS" title="ELAS">ELAS</a>) against the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> occupation, the establishment of the National Health System and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_Personnel_Selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council for Personnel Selection">Supreme Council for Personnel Selection</a> (ASEP), the passage of Law 1264/1982 which secured the right to strike and greatly improved the rights of workers, the constitutional amendment of 1985–1986 which strengthened parliamentarism and reduced the powers of the indirectly-elected president, the conduct of an assertive and independent Greek foreign policy, the expansion in the power of local governments, many progressive reforms in Greek law, and the granting of permission to the refugees from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a> of Greek ethnicity to return home to Greece.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clogg:1987a_122-4">[4]</a> During his tenure as the prime minister of Greece from 1981 to 1989, the financial situation of Greece was worsened by dysfunctional<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and scandal-infested governments,<a href="#cite_note-Koscotas1-6">[6]</a> on average annual inflation of the order of 20%, and large <a href="/wiki/Budget_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget deficit">budget deficits</a> (over 10% of GDP). The public debt of Greece as a function of <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) almost tripled while the Greek economy remained relatively stagnant,<a href="#cite_note-IMF_debt-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> with an average annual increase in GDP of 0.8% over 1981-1989 period.<a href="#cite_note-GDP-9">[9]</a> By the end of Papandreou's tenure, the Greek economy was in a dire condition as it had diverged from the European average and was furthest from the <a href="/wiki/Euro_convergence_criteria" title="Euro convergence criteria">Euro convergence criteria</a> than the other member states, resulting in a reputation nationally and in European circles as that of `black sheep.'<a href="#cite_note-Featherstone2005pp223-241-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tsoukalis1999pp65-74-11">[11]</a> The Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), which he founded and led, was the first non-communist political party in Greek history with a mass-based organization, introducing an unprecedented level of political and social participation in Greek society.<a href="#cite_note-Clogg:1987a_122-4">[4]</a> In a poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/Kathimerini" title="Kathimerini">Kathimerini</a> in 2007, 48% of those polled called Papandreou the "most important Greek prime minister".<a href="#cite_note-Kathimerini_Metapolitefsi-12">[12]</a> In the same poll, the first four years of Papandreou's government after <a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a> were voted as the best government Greece ever had.<a href="#cite_note-Kathimerini_Metapolitefsi2-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career">edit</a>]</div> Papandreou was born on the island of <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, the son of Zofia (Sofia) Mineyko (1883–1981) and Greek liberal politician and future prime minister <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">George Papandreou</a>. His maternal grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanian</a>-born public figure <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Mineyko" title="Zygmunt Mineyko">Zygmunt Mineyko</a>, and his maternal grandmother was Greek. Before university, he attended <a href="/wiki/Athens_College" title="Athens College">Athens College</a>, a private school in Greece. He attended the <a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</a> from 1937 until 1938 when, during <a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">the totalitarian dictatorship</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a>, he was arrested for purported <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>. Following representation in court by his father, he was allowed to leave for the US.<a href="#cite_note-Independent_24_June_1946-14">[14]</a> In 1943, Papandreou received a <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Immediately after earning his doctorate, Papandreou joined America's war effort and volunteered to serve in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">US Navy</a>, serving as an examiner of models for repairing warships, and as a hospital corpsman at the <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Naval_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethesda Naval Hospital">Bethesda Naval Hospital</a> for war wounded.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-AGPF-18">[18]</a> He returned to Harvard in 1946 and served as a lecturer and associate professor until 1947. He then held professorships at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (where he was chair of the Department of Economics), <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> where he worked alongside long term academic advisor Christos Paraskevopoulos. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> He was married to Christina Rasia from 1941 to 1951. In 1948, he entered into a relationship with <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> journalism student <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chant-Papandreou" title="Margaret Chant-Papandreou">Margaret Chant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Phantis_wiki-19">[19]</a> After Chant obtained a divorce, and after his own divorce from his first wife Christina Rasia, Papandreou and Chant were married in 1951. They had three sons and a daughter. Papandreou also had, with Swedish actress and TV presenter Ragna Nyblom, a daughter <a href="/wiki/Out_of_wedlock" class="mw-redirect" title="Out of wedlock">out of wedlock</a>, Emilia Nyblom, who was born in 1969 in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Expressen-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aftonbladet-21">[21]</a> Papandreou divorced his second wife <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chant-Papandreou" title="Margaret Chant-Papandreou">Margaret Chant-Papandreou</a> in 1989, and married <a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Liani" title="Dimitra Liani">Dimitra Liani</a> who was 37 years his junior.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> He died in 1996. His will generated much discussion because he left everything to his 41-year-old third wife. He left nothing to his second wife, to whom he was married for 38 years, their four children, or his illegitimate Swedish daughter.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The government declared 4 days of national mourning.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Special:EditPage/Andreas Papandreou">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22">"Andreas Papandreou"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2017) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek_politics_before_Andreas_Papandreou">Greek politics before Andreas Papandreou</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greek politics before Andreas Papandreou">edit</a>]</div> Greece was recovering from the <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and immediate <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">1944-49 civil war</a>. The latter dominated the political dialogue in the following decades; the underlying question was how power basis swifts from the Right (victors of the civil war) to the Center. Political stability in Greece was balanced with the support of three factions: the King along with the military forces, the Americans, and the political establishment.<a href="#cite_note-CIAreport-25">[25]</a> The political institutions of the restored <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> were fragile due to military (often pro-royal) interventions preventing democratically elected parliaments from executing their campaign promises; the root of these disputes was the constitutional crisis by the disagreement between <a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Constantine I">King Constantine I</a> on the entry of Greece in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and resulted in the <a href="/wiki/National_Schism" title="National Schism">National Schism</a> with the expulsion of the King and the creation of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Second_Hellenic_Republic" title="Second Hellenic Republic">Second Hellenic Republic</a> (1924-1935). Overall, Greece had eight military coups since World War I.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The Greek economy was weak, but <a href="/wiki/Greek_economic_miracle" title="Greek economic miracle">rapidly growing</a> due to American aid from the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> and other sources (in total approximately 3.75 billion US dollars<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a>) as Americans feared that the poor economic conditions would make Greece susceptible to Communist rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Moreover, Americans recognized the strategic significance of Greece's location in the Eastern Mediterranean, invested in having four military bases in Greece, and had close ties with the Greek military.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Greece <a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">entered NATO</a> in 1952. The politicians often acted between the King and the Americans. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Junta_era_(1959-1967)">Pre-Junta era (1959-1967)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pre-Junta era (1959-1967)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Papandreou_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Andreas_Papandreou_1968.jpg/220px-Andreas_Papandreou_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Andreas_Papandreou_1968.jpg/330px-Andreas_Papandreou_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Andreas_Papandreou_1968.jpg/440px-Andreas_Papandreou_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="1188" /></a><figcaption>Andreas Papandreou in 1968</figcaption></figure> Andreas Papandreou started his career as an economic professor, first in Minneapolis and then in Berkley, and achieved considerable fame in his field. While he was chair of the department at Berkley, he was pressured by his father to return to Greece to groom him as his successor.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Andreas Papandreou initially resisted his father's requests. However, he eventually returned to Greece in 1959, where he headed an economic development research program by invitation of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">Konstantinos Karamanlis</a>. In 1960, he was appointed chairman of the board of directors, general director of the Athens Economic Research Center, and advisor to the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Greece" title="Bank of Greece">Bank of Greece</a>. He also received funding from the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller foundations</a> to promote projects aligned to <a href="/wiki/Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">liberal internationalism</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Breaking-32">[32]</a> initially American officials hoped that Andreas Papandreou would be a stabilizing force in Greek politics.<a href="#cite_note-Breaking-32">[32]</a> However, Andreas Papandreou started to develop a political ideology, heavily influenced by the American <a href="/wiki/Progressive_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive liberalism">progressive liberalism</a> from his years in the US,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> to secure the support of non-communist left-leaning Greek voting blocks as he considered the only way to assist his father in becoming Prime Minister. In this ideology, the King, the armed forces, and the Americans are described as having "vested interests" that are not in the best interests of the Greek people.<a href="#cite_note-NYprofile-34">[34]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1963_Greek_legislative_election" title="1963 Greek legislative election">elections of 1963</a>, his father, George Papandreou, head of the <a href="/wiki/Center_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Center Union">Center Union</a>, became prime minister of Greece, and his son became chief economic advisor. In the following year, Andreas Papandreou renounced his American citizenship and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Parliament">Greek Parliament</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1964_Greek_legislative_election" title="1964 Greek legislative election">1964 Greek legislative election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> He immediately became Minister to the Prime Minister (in effect, assistant Prime Minister) and the leader of the left wing of the party.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The rapid ascension of Andreas created displeasure among members of the Center Union party, particularly <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Mitsotakis" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Mitsotakis">Constantine Mitsotakis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Curtis1995p70-38">[38]</a> Both Papandreou advocated for the liberalization of Greek society, which was rapidly urbanizing, resulting in large salary increases for police, judges, and teachers. However, seeds of resentment towards both Papandreou from the military grew as they were excluded from salary increases,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> and Papandreou sought to remove senior officers with anti-democratic tendencies from the Greek military.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The latter created friction with the King, who wanted to be in command of the army and not the elected government. Papandreou's government also released all the political prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-Curtis1995p70-38">[38]</a> In foreign policy, Andreas Papandreou criticized the presence of American military and intelligence in Greece by describing Greece as a colony of the United States and publicly taking a neutral stand in <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. Papandreou rhetoric intensified after his father's visit as Prime Minister to Washington with President Johnson in July 1964 to discuss the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>, particularly his interview on <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> on 4 October 1964 was politically turbulent, resulting in the sudden but temporary resignation of Andreas Papandreou.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Andreas' public attacks against the King and the Americans greatly disturbed the political balance.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In particular, conservatives feared that Andreas was a secret Communist, leading them to another civil war.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The US embassy officials, sensitive to these public attacks during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, and his father (and as Prime Minister) repeatedly requested Andreas tone down his emotive rhetoric.<a href="#cite_note-F-15.p84-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Despite promises that he would do so, Andreas continued actively campaigning, further deepening divisions and prolonging the political instability in the pre-1967 coup period.<a href="#cite_note-F-15.p84-45">[45]</a> Andreas increasingly became the target of ultra-rightists who feared that following any new elections, which the nearly 80-year-old Georgios Papandreou would likely win, his son would be the real focus of power in the party.<a href="#cite_note-CIAreport-25">[25]</a> In 1965, while the "<a href="/wiki/Apostasia_of_1965#ASPIDA_scandal" title="Apostasia of 1965">Aspida</a>" conspiracy within the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Hellenic Army</a> (alleged by the political opposition to involving Andreas personally) was being investigated, Georgios Papandreou decided to remove the defense minister and assume the post himself to protect his son from investigations. <a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece" title="Constantine II of Greece">Constantine II of Greece</a> refused to endorse this move since this would create a conflict of interest, which forced George Papandreou's resignation; the events following this became known as the <a href="/wiki/Apostasia_of_1965" title="Apostasia of 1965">Apostasia of 1965</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> For the next twenty-two months, there was no elected government, and hundreds of demonstrations took place, with many being injured and killed in clashes with the police.<a href="#cite_note-Close2014p108-48">[48]</a> The King tried to lure members of the Center Union party to his side and form a temporary government. He succeeded in bringing 45 members to his side, who later were called 'apostates,'<a href="#cite_note-Close2014p108-48">[48]</a> and the most prominent was Mitsotakis.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> To end the political deadlock, his father attempted a more moderate approach with the King, but Andreas Papandreou publicly rejected his father's effort and attacked the whole establishment, attracting the support of 41 members of the Center Union in an effort designed to gain the party's leadership.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> With the politicians unable to sort out their differences, rumors of a military coup intensified, and before the next election took place (scheduled for 28 May 1967) and potentially both Papandreou returned to power, anti-Communist Colonels led the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%931974" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–1974">coup d'état of 21 April 1967</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Clogg:1996a-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Junta_and_exile_(1967-1974)">Junta and exile (1967-1974)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Junta and exile (1967-1974)">edit</a>]</div> When the <a href="/wiki/Regime_of_the_Colonels" class="mw-redirect" title="Regime of the Colonels">Regime of the Colonels</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Georgios Papadopoulos</a> seized power in April 1967, Andreas Papandreou was captured and charged with treason. He was reviled not only by the junta but also by his political opponents and many former allies as the man chiefly responsible for the collapse of Greek democracy; even his father disavowed him.<a href="#cnote_i">[i]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Soon after, <a href="/wiki/Gust_Avrakotos" title="Gust Avrakotos">Gust Avrakotos</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Greek-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek-American">Greek-American</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (CIA) case officer assigned to Athens, told the Colonels that the U.S. Government wished for Papandreou to be released and allowed to leave the country with his family. Avrakotos violated his orders, however, and unofficially advised the Colonels to "Shoot the motherfucker because he's going to come back to haunt you."<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Under heavy pressure from American officials and academics, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a>, a friend of Andreas since their Harvard days, the military regime released Andreas on Christmas day 1967 on condition that he leave the country.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Papandreou then moved to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> with his wife, four children, and mother, where he accepted a post for one year at <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kariotis1997p41-55">[55]</a> Afterward, he moved to <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, where he stayed until 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Kariotis1997p41-55">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aankomst_Andreas_Papandreou_op_CS_te_Amsterdam,_Bestanddeelnr_921-2793.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Aankomst_Andreas_Papandreou_op_CS_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2793.jpg/220px-Aankomst_Andreas_Papandreou_op_CS_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2793.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Aankomst_Andreas_Papandreou_op_CS_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2793.jpg/330px-Aankomst_Andreas_Papandreou_op_CS_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2793.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Aankomst_Andreas_Papandreou_op_CS_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2793.jpg/440px-Aankomst_Andreas_Papandreou_op_CS_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2793.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2437" /></a><figcaption>Papandreou in an anti-dictatorial rally, Netherlands, 1968</figcaption></figure> In exile, Andreas was a political pariah and excluded from political forces to restore democracy in Greece.<a href="#cnote_ii">[ii]</a> In the beginning, he actively campaigned, relying on his American network for a US intervention to bring down the junta, but then changed his mind and favored military resistance.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2009p141-56">[56]</a> Papandreou publicly accused the CIA of being responsible for the 1967 coup and became increasingly critical of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">US administration</a>, often stating that Greece was a US "colony" and a Cold War "garrison state".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Klaveras-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stearns2021p86-59">[59]</a> In 1968, Andreas Papandreou formed an anti-dictatorship organization, the <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Liberation_Movement" title="Panhellenic Liberation Movement">Panhellenic Liberation Movement</a> (PAK), which sought to 'violently overthrow' the military regime.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Reacting to the creation of PAK, his father added: "Political leaders do not head up conspiratorial organizations" and urged his son to work within the Central Union party.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2009p141-56">[56]</a> George Papandreou, who was under house arrest since the coup and already at an advanced age, died in 1968; Andreas Papandreou was not allowed to attend his father funeral.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In the early 1970s, during the latter phase of the dictatorship in Greece, Andreas Papandreou opposed the process of <a href="/wiki/Spyros_Markezinis#Premiership_under_the_dictatorship" title="Spyros Markezinis">political normalization</a> attempted by Georgios Papadopoulos and his appointed Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Spyros_Markezinis" title="Spyros Markezinis">Spyros Markezinis</a>. Overall, Papandreou's rhetoric found little response in Greece and whose activities contributed little to the downfall of the junta, which in effect collapsed under the weight of its own manifest incompetence in the debacle of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus in July 1974</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Clogg:1996a-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Greece,_Restoration_of_democracy_(1974-1981)">Return to Greece, Restoration of democracy (1974-1981)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Return to Greece, Restoration of democracy (1974-1981)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 85%; color: #202122;background-color: #cedff2;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> We are announcing today the inauguration of a new political movement, a movement which we believe represents the desires of and needs of the average Greek: the farmer, the worker, the craftsman, the salaried worker, and our courageous and enlightened youth. The movement belongs to them, and we will call on every exploited Greek to strengthen our ranks, to form cadres and participate in the molding of the movement in order to promote our national independence, popular sovereignty, social liberation, and democracy in all phases of public life. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Papandreou announcing the creation of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement on 3 September 1974.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></cite> </div> Papandreou returned to Greece after the fall of the junta in 1974, during <a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">metapolitefsi</a>. The dominant and leading political figure right after the fall of the junta and the restoration of democracy in Greece was Karamanlis, while Papandreou continued to have the stigma of past events. On 6 August 1974, Andreas Papandreou dissolved PAK in <a href="/wiki/Winterthur" title="Winterthur">Winterthur</a>, Switzerland, without announcing it publicly.<a href="#cite_note-PAK_dissolution-65">[65]</a> He was offered the leadership of his father's old party, which had evolved into <a href="/wiki/Centre_Union_%E2%80%93_New_Forces" title="Centre Union – New Forces">Centre Union – New Forces</a>. However, he turned it down by rejecting his father's ideological heritage as a <a href="/wiki/Venizelism" title="Venizelism">Venizelist</a> liberal, declaring himself a democratic socialist. Instead, he formed a new 'radical' party, the <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Panhellenic Socialist Movement">Panhellenic Socialist Movement</a> (<a href="/wiki/PASOK" title="PASOK">PASOK</a>) on 3 September 1974.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Most of his former PAK companions, as well as members of other leftist groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Defense" title="Democratic Defense">Democratic Defense</a> joined the new party. The founding charter of PASOK advocated social liberation, a radical re-orientation of the country's foreign policy, Greek withdrawal from NATO, the closure of the US military bases, and rejection of the option of membership of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC), which was dismissed as a capitalist club.<a href="#cite_note-Clogg:1996a-51">[51]</a> In <a href="/wiki/1974_Greek_legislative_election" title="1974 Greek legislative election">1974 elections</a>, PASOK received 13.5% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-Mavrogordatos1984p157-67">[67]</a> Andreas Papandreou was able to salvage his political career by doubling down on his pre-junta-developed ideology by combining it with <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> elements,<a href="#cnote_iii">[iii]</a> which was assisted by three major events. First, the US interactions with the junta after the coup and the Turkish invasion of Cyprus reinforced in the imagination of the Greek populace the conspiratorial involvement of the US in the Colonels' junta,<a href="#cnote_iv">[iv]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> and thus, Andreas Papandreou depicted himself and his father as victims of larger forces. Second, the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">oil crisis in 1973</a> and <a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979</a> deeply affected the Greek economy, and the inability of Karamanlis' governments after the democratic restoration to address the rising economic problems further increased the frustration of the Greek population.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larrabee1981p164-71">[71]</a> Third, Karamanlis, the dominant political figure in bringing democracy back to Greece, became <a href="/wiki/President_of_Greece" title="President of Greece">President of Greece</a> in 1980, leaving a power vacuum in the upcoming elections of 1981.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The changes (some unrealistic) promised by Andreas resonated with the Greek people, who sought a break from the failed politics of the past.<a href="#cnote_v">[v]</a> In <a href="/wiki/1977_Greek_legislative_election" title="1977 Greek legislative election">1977 elections</a> PASOK received 25.3% of the vote, doubling in size from 1974, and Papandreou became leader of the opposition.<a href="#cite_note-Mavrogordatos1984p157-67">[67]</a> The radical and uncompromising positions (mostly anti-American, anti-NATO, and anti-EEC) of Andreas Papandreou, along with his rising popularity, renewed fears of another military coup in the Right and Greece's allies. After the 1977 elections, Karamanlis toured the European capitals, urging for Greece's quicker entry into EEC as this may reduce the temptation for military intervention if Papandreou implements his promises once in power.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Foreign leaders agreed with Karamanlis on a plan for Greece's entry to ECC. Papandreou started to soften his tone, without abandoning his initial positions, by calling for a referendum the entry to EEC after 1977 as he was trying to win over the crucial share of the vote from the centrist <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Democratic_Centre_(Greece)" title="Union of the Democratic Centre (Greece)">Union of the Democratic Centre</a> (EDIK) after its disintegration from its performance in the elections of 1977, and the entry to EEC was becoming positively popular among the Greeks.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larrabee1981p164-71">[71]</a> Papandreou frequently stated in his campaigns prior 1981 elections regarding the entry to EEC: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"PASOK believes that the crucial matter of our accession to the EEC cannot be decided without a referendum."<a href="#cite_note-Koliopoulos2009p159-77">[77]</a></blockquote> However, placing the entry to EEC in a referendum was impossible since only the President can do this according to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Greece" title="Constitution of Greece">Greek constitution</a> of 1974<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> and Karamanlis, as President, would not have permitted this.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Legislation to ratify the entry to EEC was passed in the Greek Parliament on 28 June 1979, with PASOK and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece" title="Communist Party of Greece">Communist party</a> leaving the chamber.<a href="#cite_note-Koliopoulos2009p159-77">[77]</a> Greece <a href="/wiki/1981_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1981 enlargement of the European Communities">entered the EEC</a> as its tenth member in January 1981, and in the eyes of allies, Karamanlis, as President, would act as a restraining factor on radical departures in foreign and domestic affairs.<a href="#cite_note-Nafpliotis2018p517-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larrabee1981p164-71">[71]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1981_Greek_legislative_election" title="1981 Greek legislative election">elections of October 1981</a>, Papandreou won by a landslide with 48.1% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-Mavrogordatos1984p157-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leading_the_"Change"_(1981-85)">Leading the "Change" (1981-85)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Leading the "Change" (1981-85)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 85%; color: #202122;background-color: #cedff2;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Our basic target is a self-sufficient economic and social development, using all the productive forces in combination with a fairer distribution of the national income and wealth... We seek the gradual reform of the structures of the economy so that the basic economic choices are made by the society as a whole. The strategic sectors of the economy must come under substantial social control without overlooking the positive role of private initiative. The crisis in the capitalist system on a world scale, with ever-increasing unemployment and inflation, intensified international competition, the increase in the degree of concentration and the monopolistic structure of many branches, have made the traditional means of economic policy ineffective. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Papandreou, in his first appearance in the Greek Parliament as the prime minister on 22 November 1981.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></cite> </div> At the <a href="/wiki/1981_Greek_legislative_election" title="1981 Greek legislative election">1981 elections</a>, PASOK won a landslide victory over the conservative <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a> party, and Papandreou became <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>'s first socialist prime minister. The party's main slogan was Allagí (change). In office, Papandreou backtracked from much of his campaign rhetoric and followed a more conventional approach. Greece did not withdraw from <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, United States troops and military bases were not ordered out of Greece, and Greek membership in the EEC continued, largely because Papandreou proved very capable of securing monetary aid for Greece. In domestic affairs, Papandreou's government immediately carried out a massive programme of wealth redistribution upon coming into office that immediately increased the availability of entitlement aid to the unemployed and lower wage earners. Pensions, together with average wages and the minimum wage, were increased in real terms, and changes were made to labour laws which up until 1984 made it difficult for employers to make workers redundant. The impact of the PASOK Government's social and economic policies was such that it was estimated in 1988 that two-thirds of the decrease in inequality that occurred in Greece between 1974 and 1982 took place between 1981 and 1982.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_European_Council_-_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Athens_European_Council_-_1983.jpg/220px-Athens_European_Council_-_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Athens_European_Council_-_1983.jpg/330px-Athens_European_Council_-_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Athens_European_Council_-_1983.jpg/440px-Athens_European_Council_-_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3637" data-file-height="2433" /></a><figcaption>Andreas Papandreou in Athens European Council - 1983. (1st row L-R) <a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Wilfried Martens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Gaston Thorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>, Andreas Papandreou, and <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a>.</figcaption></figure> During its time in office, Papandreou's government carried through sweeping reforms of social policy by introducing a welfare state,<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> significantly expanding welfare measures,<a href="#cite_note-looking-84">[84]</a> expanding health care coverage (the "National Health System" was instituted, which made modern medical procedures available in rural areas for the first time,<a href="#cite_note-workmall.com-85">[85]</a>) promoting state-subsidized tourism (<a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">social tourism</a>) for lower-income families, index-linking pensions,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> and funding social establishments for the elderly. Rural areas benefited from improved state services, the rights and income of low paid workers were considerably improved, and refugees from the Civil War living in exile were allowed to return with impunity.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> He also officially recognized the role of leftist partisan groups in the Greek Resistance during the Axis Occupation. The first law recognizing the Greek Resistance was passed in 1949 excluding partisan groups that fought against the Greek State in the Greek Civil War (A.N. 971) <a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 1982 his government passed the 1285 law that abolished this exception.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> A number of other reforms were carried out in areas such as trade union rights,<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> shop closing and reopening times,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> social security,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> education,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> health and safety,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> and work councils.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> A more progressive taxation scheme was introduced and budgetary support for artistic and cultural programmes was increased.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-100">[100]</a> In 1982, Greece ratified the ILO Convention on maternal job-protection. According to Act No. 1302/1982, 12 weeks of job-protected maternity leave was provided, which included 6 weeks of post-natal leave. The maternity leave payment represented 66% of earnings. In 1984, maternity leave was extended to 14 weeks, with 7 weeks before and 7 after childbirth. That same year 3 months of unpaid job-protected parental leave for each parent were introduced, which was available until the child was aged 2.5 years. <a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The government also introduced a wage indexation system<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> which helped to close the gap modestly between the highest and lowest paid workers, while the share of GNP devoted to social welfare, social insurance, and health was significantly increased.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Other major policy changes included the establishment of parental leave for both parents and child care centres, maternity allowances, community health centres, and the encouragement of women to join agricultural cooperatives as full members, an option which previously had not been open to women.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Social aid became available to deaf and dumb adults as well as for persons with mental disabilities, minimum pensions were indexed to the minimum wage, a social assistance pension for those aged 68 and over was introduced and, according to one study, "All uninsured employed and self-employed individuals are covered by IKA (social insurance fund)." Social security benefits were also adjusted to price increases, while social assistance disability benefits were extended to new categories. Special family allowances were established for certain categories, while wages and pensions became automatically adjusted in line with the consumer price index every 4 months on the basis of economic forecasts. In addition, all women with unmarried children under 21 could retire at 55, early retirement was extended to more occupations, and low-income households received housing allowances.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The role of OAED in vocational guidance and training was strengthened, while subsidies for returning Greek migrants were introduced. A national system against unemployment was set up that granted benefits to young people and elderly unemployed persons. In addition, Law 1545/85 extended unemployed benefit duration for certain categories while relaxing entitlement to unemployment benefit. Saturday working was also abolished for certain categories of workers.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> As part of Papandreou's "Social Contract", new liberalising laws were introduced which decriminalised adultery, abolished (in theory) the dowry system, eased the process for obtaining a divorce, and enhanced the legal status of women.<a href="#cite_note-workmall.com-85">[85]</a> In 1984, for instance, women were guaranteed equal pay for equal work.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-100">[100]</a> Papandreou also introduced various reforms in the administration and curriculum of the Greek educational system, allowing students to participate in the election process for their professors and deans in the university, and abolishing tenure. The university system was expanded, with the number of students doubling between 1981 and 1986, while the system was reorganised to provide the departments with more power and permit greater participation in their management. The effect of these reforms was however, limited by poor research facilities, a shortage of qualified teaching staff, a lack of resources, and often inefficient administration.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In a move strongly opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a>, Papandreou introduced, for the first time in Greece, the process of <a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">civil marriage</a>. Prior to the institution of civil marriages in Greece, the only legally recognized marriages were those conducted in the Church of Greece. Couples seeking a civil marriage had to get married outside Greece, generally in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. Under PASOK, the Greek State also appropriated real estate properties previously owned by the Church. A major part of Papandreou's allagi ("change") involved driving out the "old families" (tzákia, literally "hearths", using the traditional Greek expression for the genealogy of families), which dominated Greek politics and economy and belonged to the traditional Greek right. Papandreou was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/1985_Greek_legislative_election" title="1985 Greek legislative election">1985 Greek legislative election</a> with 45.82% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stabilization_&_Disillusionment_(1985-89)">Stabilization & Disillusionment (1985-89)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Stabilization & Disillusionment (1985-89)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Davos_Declaration_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1988_-_Papandreou_-_Ozal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Davos_Declaration_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1988_-_Papandreou_-_Ozal.jpg/220px-Davos_Declaration_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1988_-_Papandreou_-_Ozal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Davos_Declaration_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1988_-_Papandreou_-_Ozal.jpg/330px-Davos_Declaration_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1988_-_Papandreou_-_Ozal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Davos_Declaration_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1988_-_Papandreou_-_Ozal.jpg/440px-Davos_Declaration_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1988_-_Papandreou_-_Ozal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2062" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Davos <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> Annual Meeting 1988 - Handshake between Prime Ministers Andreas Papandreou and <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Copyvio plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-delete" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Copyright-problem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Copyright-problem.svg/60px-Copyright-problem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Copyright-problem.svg/90px-Copyright-problem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cf/Copyright-problem.svg/120px-Copyright-problem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="111" data-file-height="120" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">An editor has launched a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_problems" title="Wikipedia:Copyright problems">copyright investigation</a> involving this section. 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The stabilization package, implemented by Costas Simitis as minister of Finance, was based on a traditional incomes policy and included a 15% devaluation of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_drachma" title="Modern drachma">drachma</a>, a reduction in borrowing, and a tightening of monetary policy, wages were no longer indexed to inflation, some tax exemptions were abolished and incomes returned to pre-1980 levels.<a href="#cite_note-Koliopoulos2009p167-109">[109]</a> In February 1986, Greece signed the <a href="/wiki/Single_European_Act" title="Single European Act">Single European Act</a>, which was meant to prepare member states for the creation of a single market by 1992 and required the member states to deregulate and reduce state intervention in economic life.<a href="#cite_note-Liakos2023p332-110">[110]</a> The policies had the intended outcome, and the inflation was reduced from 23.01% in 1986 to 13.5% in 1988, and the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement fell to 13% of GDP in 1987 from about 18% in 1985. However, Papandreou was shaken by a widespread backlash with long-running strikes and demonstrations, including blockades of roads by farmers and a wave of strikes by many major unions in early 1987.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> With the elections approaching, Papandreou forced Simitis to resign from his ministerial position in 1987, and the reforms were abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Greece then descended to the bottom of economic rankings, falling behind the other member states, including Portugal and Ireland. By the end of the decade, the Greek economy ranked last in terms of convergence with EEC goals, economic competitiveness, dependence on EEC and state subsidies, investment, inflation, and growth.<a href="#cite_note-Liakos2023p332-110">[110]</a> Six months before the 1989 elections, public appointments were bestowed on about 90,000 people, few of whom were either needed or qualified.<a href="#cite_note-Close2002p159-113">[113]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1987_Aegean_crisis" title="1987 Aegean crisis">1987 Greek-Turkish crisis</a> in the Aegean Sea, Papandreou threatened to sink the Turkish vessel if found in Greek waters. In the summer of 1988, his premiership became increasingly clouded by numerous scandals. Karamanlis, now retired, publicly described the situation as: "A boundless lunatic asylum,"<a href="#cite_note-Close2002p159-113">[113]</a> while others refer to the events in 1989 as "dirty 89".<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heart_Surgery_&_Liani">Heart Surgery & Liani</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Heart Surgery & Liani">edit</a>]</div> In August 1988, Papandreou (at age 70) underwent major heart surgery in London, but he refused to yield the reins of power. The operation and recovery lasted three months, leaving the Greek state and party without a leader.<a href="#cite_note-Featherstone1995p97-115">[115]</a> The opposition mocked his technique as "government by fax."<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> However, in London, it was revealed that next to him was not his wife but <a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Liani" title="Dimitra Liani">Dimitra Liani</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Airways">Olympic Airways</a> steward. Soon after the revelation, Papandreou divorced his wife Margaret Chant and married Liani one month before the elections of June 1989. Liani became an influential 'gatekeeper' for Andreas' favor and was embroiled in a number of appointments in the Prime Minister’s Office.<a href="#cite_note-Featherstone1995p97-115">[115]</a> The elevation of Liani proved highly deleterious to the operation of the government and unsettling to the party.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Koskotas_scandal">Koskotas scandal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Koskotas scandal">edit</a>]</div> Early in the second administration, press reports on PASOK's corruption multiplied, with notable ones being the "Yugoslav corn scandal," "telephone tapping scandal," and "public utilities scandal."<a href="#cite_note-Garrard2006p131-118">[118]</a> However, Papandreou himself was implicated in the Koskotas scandal, which overshadowed all other PASOK's scandals. <a href="/wiki/George_Koskotas" title="George Koskotas">George Koskotas</a> was the owner of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Crete_(1980%E2%80%931999)" title="Bank of Crete (1980–1999)">Bank of Crete</a> and was accused of having embezzled large sums from the bank’s clients. He fled to the USA, where he was arrested on 11 November 1988 in Massachusetts and was jailed in the US. In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine published an article describing in detail the allegations.<a href="#cite_note-KoscotasTIME-119">[119]</a> He was extradited to Greece in 1991, where he was tried and sentenced to a 25-year prison term. Koskotas alleged that Andreas Papandreou and other PASOK high functionaries had ordered state corporations to deposit funds (over US$200 million<a href="#cnote_vi">[vi]</a> missing) with the Bank of Crete and had taken bribes from the stolen money. Koskotas claimed that on one occasion, he had delivered to Papandreou himself US$600,000 stuffed in a <a href="/wiki/Pampers" title="Pampers">Pampers</a> Diapers box.<a href="#cite_note-Koscotas1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gallant2016-120">[120]</a> Andreas Papandreou denied the story, accused the US for manufacturing this scandal to destroy him,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> and even sued Time magazine. Nonetheless, Koskotas’s accusations gained international attention. Several months after the arrest of Koskotas, six ministers (most notable by Costas Simitis<a href="#cite_note-Featherstone1995p97-115">[115]</a>) resigned in protest of the corruption among the most senior members of PASOK,<a href="#cite_note-Close2014p158-122">[122]</a> demands for a vote of no confidence against the government. Papandreou’s trial – which he refused to attend, as was his constitutional right as a former prime minister – began in Athens on 11 March 1991. After the Parliament-appointed tribunal of 13 judges of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Civil_and_Criminal_Court_of_Greece" title="Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece">Supreme Special Court</a> had heard more than 100 witnesses and examined 50,000 pages of documents over ten months, Papandreou was acquitted in January 1992 of all charges after a 7–6 vote. During the trial, the deputy of the Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Menios_Koutsogiorgas" title="Menios Koutsogiorgas">Agamemnon Koutsogeorgas</a>, who was also accused and close friend of Papandreou, died from a heart attack after sentencing. <a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Tsovolas" title="Dimitris Tsovolas">Dimitris Tsovolas</a>, former Minster of Finance, was sentenced to two-and-a-half jail years.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> When Karamanlis was asked about the verdict, he commented, "In democracies, prime ministers do not go to prison. They return home." by both reaffirming the court's decision and acknowledging its positive and negative effects.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The trial was characterized as the "trial of trials" and the most critical judicial decision since the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Six" title="Trial of the Six">Trial of the Six</a> in 1922.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abuse_of_power">Abuse of power</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Abuse of power">edit</a>]</div> Beyond the financial scandals, the public was getting worried about the government’s assertions of arbitrary power. Andreas Papandreou was using the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">national broadcasting organization</a> as a public relations agency. Moreover, his ministers openly threatened unfriendly newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-Close2014p158-122">[122]</a> In 1989, it was revealed that the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Service_(Greece)" title="National Intelligence Service (Greece)">National Information Service</a>, through the state telecommunications organisation <a href="/wiki/OTE" title="OTE">OTE</a>, had been bugging over 46,000 phones of politicians, journalists, businessmen, and lawyers and Andreas Papandreous used the information obtained for PASOK's purposes.<a href="#cite_note-Close2014p158-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Garrard2006p131-118">[118]</a> The abuse of power continued when Papandreou changed the electoral law shortly before the <a href="/wiki/June_1989_Greek_legislative_election" title="June 1989 Greek legislative election">June 1989 general elections</a>, a move designed to prevent the absolute majority of a rival political party.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The result of this election law change was that it required three elections over nearly a year for the formation of a new stable government. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lost_power_(1990-1993)">Lost power (1990-1993)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lost power (1990-1993)">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/June_1989_Greek_legislative_election" title="June 1989 Greek legislative election">June 1989 elections</a>, PASOK's electoral percentage fell to 38%, owing much to the Koskotas scandal.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> However, its political rival, New Democracy led by Mitsotakis, with 43%, was unable to form a government because of Papandreou's last moment change of the electoral vote law. The new law required a party to win 50% of the vote to govern alone, and New Democracy had come up just short of that threshold. New Democracy entered a coalition of limited mandate with the <a href="/wiki/Synaspismos" title="Synaspismos">Synaspismos</a> (radical left), led by first under <a href="/wiki/Tzannis_Tzannetakis" title="Tzannis Tzannetakis">Tzannis Tzannetakis</a> (2 July-12 October) and then <a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Grivas" title="Ioannis Grivas">Ioannis Grivas</a> (12 October-23 November);<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> the participation of Synaspismos party (effectively following communist ideals) in the government marked the end of the militarized politics of the past since there was no reaction from the military. The <a href="/wiki/November_1989_Greek_legislative_election" title="November 1989 Greek legislative election">elections of November 1989</a> that followed, once the coalition broke down, gave New Democracy 46% of the vote but still produced no government. Since the Synaspismos party led by <a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Florakis" title="Charilaos Florakis">Charilaos Florakis</a> was reluctant to cooperate with Papandreou before a "<a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">catharsis</a>" of the scandals was carried out successfully, all three parties in Parliament entered a <a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">National Union government</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> under the octogenarian former banker, <a href="/wiki/Xenophon_Zolotas" title="Xenophon Zolotas">Xenophon Zolotas</a>, as a way out of the impasse. Several months later, the declining economy caused the resignation of Zolotas, and new elections were held in <a href="/wiki/1990_Greek_legislative_election" title="1990 Greek legislative election">April 1990</a>, where Mitsotakis received sufficient (by one seat above the threshold) support to form a government, and Papandreou became the opposition leader.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Constantine Mitsotakis set out to improve relations with the US, which had been damaged by anti-American rhetoric of Papandreou, through a defense cooperation agreement in July 1990, which would regulate the operation of American bases and installations on Greek soil for the next eight years.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Greece's airspace and naval support for the allied cause during the First Gulf War aided the positive climate in Greek–American relations and Mitsotakis became the first Greek prime minister to visit Washington since 1964 by Papandreou's father.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> After eight years of Papandreou's rule and the instability caused by Papandreou's last-minute change of electoral law, the Greek economy was in dire condition, and Greece had a reputation nationally and in European circles as that of `black sheep.'<a href="#cite_note-Featherstone2005pp223-241-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tsoukalis1999pp65-74-11">[11]</a> Specifically, the economy was burdened by debt that had tripled in size, persistently elevated inflation rates (20 percent the year they came to office), chronic primary budget deficits, and huge government expenditures, including public funds expended to keep failed companies afloat.<a href="#cite_note-Gallant2016p302-134">[134]</a> This was also reflected in March 1992, when the EEC Monetary Committee produced a report sharply criticizing the Greek government's economic performance and misuse of EU funds.<a href="#cite_note-Koliopoulos2009p175-135">[135]</a> Six weeks after taking office in April 1990, the Mitsotakis government introduced a programme of austerity by freezing public-sector salaries and pensions, cutting government spending across the board, and raising taxes on various goods, including fuel oil.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> It also repealed the wage price index that PASOK had introduced in 1982, which kept people's incomes high but also fuelled inflation.<a href="#cite_note-Gallant2016p302-134">[134]</a> Wage indexation was popular with wage earners, resulting in a wave of persistent and vicious strikes. Wages and salaries fell by 13 percent during 1990–3.<a href="#cite_note-Koliopoulos2009p175-135">[135]</a> To attract capital, certain areas, such as banking, were deregulated.<a href="#cite_note-Koliopoulos2009p175-135">[135]</a> Mitsotakis' government also sold or liquidated 44 companies controlled by the "Industrial Reconstruction Organisation," which was created by PASOK and was designed to assist failed firms in recovery.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Mitsotakis' economic policies began to turn the economy around, but the pace at which it was doing so could not keep up with the rising public discontent. Andreas Papandreou was campaigning by promising that a vote for PASOK in April 1993 would result in bringing back the good old days of the eighties and the Greek people <a href="/wiki/1993_Greek_legislative_election" title="1993 Greek legislative election">voted in October 1993</a> the return of Papandreou to power.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_power_(1993-1996)">Return to power (1993-1996)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Return to power (1993-1996)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Clinton_and_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bill_Clinton_and_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg/220px-Bill_Clinton_and_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bill_Clinton_and_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg/330px-Bill_Clinton_and_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bill_Clinton_and_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg/440px-Bill_Clinton_and_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou on official visit with United States President <a href="/wiki/William_J._Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Clinton">William J. Clinton</a>, Washington, April 1994. <a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Liani" title="Dimitra Liani">Dimitra Liani</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Andreas_Papandreou" title="Special:EditPage/Andreas Papandreou">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22">"Andreas Papandreou"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Andreas+Papandreou%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (October 2017) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In 1994, his government decided to impose an economic <a href="/wiki/Embargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Embargo">embargo</a> on <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, due to the ongoing naming dispute regarding the name of the then Republic of Macedonia. In 1995, an <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">interim accord</a> was signed between the two countries to temporarily address the matter and the name issue. However, his fragile health kept him from exercising firm political leadership. He was hospitalized with advanced <a href="/wiki/Heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart disease">heart disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renal_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal failure">renal failure</a> on 21 November 1995 at <a href="/wiki/Onassio_Cardiac_Surgery_Centre" title="Onassio Cardiac Surgery Centre">Onassio Cardiac Surgery Centre</a> and finally retired from office on 16 January 1996. He died on 23 June 1996, with his funeral procession producing crowds, ranging from "hundreds of thousands"<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> to "millions"<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> to bid farewell to Andreas. In 1999, Papandreou was posthumously awarded the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Polar_Star" title="Order of the Polar Star">Order of the Polar Star</a>. In domestic affairs, Papandreou's last premiership saw increases in minimum pensions and family benefits. Measures were also introduced to improve the implementation of ALMPs. Unemployment benefits, however, were reduced to less than 50% of minimum wage.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_policies">Economic policies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economic policies">edit</a>]</div> The expenditure programme of the Papandreou government during 1981–1990 has been described as excessive by its conservative critics.<a href="#cite_note-Akis_Haralambopoulos-142">[142]</a> The excessive expenditures were not accompanied by corresponding <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a> increases and this led to increases in <a href="/wiki/Budget_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget deficit">budget deficits</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Public_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="Public debt">public debt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Akis_Haralambopoulos-142">[142]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Economic_indicator" title="Economic indicator">economic indicators</a> worsened during 1981–1990 and the economic policies of his government were condemned as a failure by his critics.<a href="#cite_note-Bohlen-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalizations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">enterprises</a> and the increase of the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> was another point of critic by the conservatives. On the other hand, according to his supporters they were successful, drastically increasing the purchasing power of the vast majority of Greeks, with personal incomes growing by 26% in real terms during the course of the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-looking-84">[84]</a> Papandreou's increased spending in his early years in power (1981–1985) was necessary in order to heal the deep wounds of the Greek society, a society that was still deeply divided by the brutal memories of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek civil war">Civil War</a> and the right-wing repression that followed;<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> furthermore, the postwar government philosophy of the Greek conservatives simply saw the state as a tool of repression, with very little money spent on health or education.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Furthermore, Papandreou's governments managed to handle the <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> and unemployment rate, maintain the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greece" title="Economy of Greece">growth of the economy</a>, while according to his supporters the external debt in 1989 was in normal levels (around 65% of GDP).<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_politics">International politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International politics">edit</a>]</div> Papandreou was praised for conducting an independent and multidimensional foreign policy, and proved to be a master of the diplomatic game, thus increasing the importance of Greece in the international system.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> He was co-creator in 1982 of, and subsequently an active participant in, a movement promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarians_for_Global_Action" title="Parliamentarians for Global Action">Parliamentarians for Global Action</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Initiative_of_the_Six&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Initiative of the Six (page does not exist)">Initiative of the Six</a>, which included, besides the Greek PM, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>'s president <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_la_Madrid" title="Miguel de la Madrid">Miguel de la Madrid</a>, Argentina's president <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Alfons%C3%ADn" title="Raúl Alfonsín">Raúl Alfonsín</a>, Sweden's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Olof Palme</a>, Tanzania's president <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The movement's stated objective was the "promotion of peace and progress for all mankind". After various initiatives, mostly directed at pressuring the United States and the Soviet Union to stop <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear testing">nuclear testing</a> and reduce the level of nuclear arms, it eventually disbanded.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Papandreou's rhetoric was at times antagonistic to the United States.<a href="#cite_note-foreign_affairs-152">[152]</a> He was the first western prime minister to visit General <a href="/wiki/Wojciech_Jaruzelski" title="Wojciech Jaruzelski">Wojciech Jaruzelski</a> in Poland.<a href="#cite_note-foreign_affairs-152">[152]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a> magazine Papandreou went on record as saying that since the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> is not a capitalist country "one cannot label it an imperialist power."<a href="#cite_note-foreign_affairs-152">[152]</a> According to Papandreou, "the Soviet Union represent[ed] a factor that restrict the expansion of capitalism and its imperialistic aims".<a href="#cite_note-foreign_affairs-152">[152]</a> This antagonistic stance made him extremely popular, because the previous conservative governments were seen by the Greek people as slavishly loyal to US interests.<a href="#cite_note-Kariotis-153">[153]</a> Papandreou's government was the first in post-war Greece that redirected the nation's defense policy to suit its own security needs, and not those of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. According to historian Marion Sarafis, from 1947 until 1981, the US had more influence in Greece's military policy than the indigenous Greek high command, largely due to the decisive role played by the US in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Papandreou supported the causes of various <a href="/wiki/National_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="National liberation">national liberation</a> movements in the world, and agreed for Greece to host representatives offices of many such organisations.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> He also supported the cause of Palestinian liberation, met repeatedly with <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> and condemned Israeli policies in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">occupied territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> He was a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> for the conflict. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papandreou's_image_and_influence_in_Greek_popular_culture">Papandreou's image and influence in Greek popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Papandreou's image and influence in Greek popular culture">edit</a>]</div> Among both his supporters and his opponents, Papandreou was referred to simply by his first name, "Andreas", a unique situation in Greek political history, and a testament to his <a href="/wiki/Charisma" title="Charisma">charisma</a> and popularity.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Andreas was also famous for wearing his business suits with <a href="/wiki/Turtleneck" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtleneck">turtleneck</a> sweaters (ζιβάγκο in Greek),<a href="#cite_note-Kariotis-153">[153]</a> instead of the traditional white shirt and tie; he thus created a huge fashion, mainly but not exclusively among his political supporters. His first appearance in the Greek Parliament with a black turtleneck instead of shirt and tie caused a massive uproar in the conservative press, who considered him disrespectful of Parliament; however, the whole issue only added to his popularity.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grave_of_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg/240px-Grave_of_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grave_of_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg/360px-Grave_of_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Grave_of_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg/480px-Grave_of_Andreas_Papandreou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Papandreou's grave in the <a href="/wiki/First_Cemetery_of_Athens" title="First Cemetery of Athens">First Cemetery of Athens</a>. On his grave is written Hellas belongs to the Hellenes.</figcaption></figure> Papandreou exercised a more independent foreign policy elevating Greece's profile among non-aligned nations. He affirmed Greece's independence in setting her own policy agenda, both internally and externally, free from any foreign domination. His opponents on the left, on the other hand, including the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece" title="Communist Party of Greece">Communist Party of Greece</a> (KKE), accused him of supporting, in practice, the agenda of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Andreas Papandreou is widely acknowledged as having shifted political power from the traditional conservative Greek Right, which had dominated Greek politics for decades, to a more populist and <a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a> locus. This included the so-called <a href="/wiki/Pariah_state" title="Pariah state">pariahs</a> in politics as of the end of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a>, which were given a chance to prove themselves in democratically elected governments.<a href="#cite_note-Google_Book-159">[159]</a> This shift in the Greek political landscape helped heal some of the old civil war wounds;<a href="#cite_note-Google_Book-159">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> became more pluralistic, and more in line with the political system of other western European countries.<a href="#cite_note-Google_Book-159">[159]</a> Papandreou also systematically pursued inclusionist politics which ended the sociopolitical and economic exclusion of many social classes in the post-civil war era.<a href="#cite_note-Google_Book-159">[159]</a> It is also acknowledged that Papandreou, along with Karamanlis, played a leading role in establishing democracy in Greece during <a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">metapolitefsi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HFEFP-160">[160]</a> He is described as both prudent and a realist, despite his appearance as a leftist ideologue, and charismatic orator.<a href="#cite_note-HFEFP-160">[160]</a> His choices to remain in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, both of which he vehemently opposed for many years, proved his pragmatic approach.<a href="#cite_note-HFEFP-160">[160]</a> Even his approach of negotiating the removal of the US bases from Greece was diplomatic, because although it was agreed to remove them, some of the bases remained.<a href="#cite_note-HFEFP-160">[160]</a> His skillful handling of these difficult policies had the effect of providing common policy goals to the political forces of Greece.<a href="#cite_note-HFEFP-160">[160]</a> Complementing this political realism, Andreas' ability to publicly say no to the Americans gave Greeks a sense of national independence and psychological self-worth.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Perhaps his most important achievement was the establishment of political equality among Greeks; during his years in power the defeated left-wingers of the Civil War were no longer treated like <a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">second-class citizens</a> and a vital part of <a href="/wiki/National_memory" title="National memory">national memory</a> was reclaimed.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Papandreou's successor in office, <a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a>, broke with a number of Papandreou's approaches. Papandreou's son, <a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou_(junior)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Papandreou (junior)">George Papandreou</a>, was elected leader of PASOK in February 2004 and prime minister during the October 2009 general elections. A common slogan among PASOK followers in political rallies, invokes Andreas' legacy with the chant "Andrea, zis! Esi mas odigis!" ("Andreas, you are still alive! You're leading us!"). In two separate polls, conducted in 2007 and 2010, Andreas Papandreou was voted as the best prime minister of Greece since the restoration of democracy in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theodore_Katsanevas">Theodore Katsanevas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Theodore Katsanevas">edit</a>]</div> Until their divorce in 2000, Papandreou's daughter Sofia was married to the academic and politician <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Katsanevas" title="Theodore Katsanevas">Theodore Katsanevas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PressProject-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-BaltimoreSun-166">[166]</a> In Papandreou's will, he accused Katsanevas of being a "disgrace to the family" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: όνειδος της οικογένειας)<a href="#cite_note-BaltimoreSun-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-ana1996091215-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-tovima_diamadia_skoupidia-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-protagon_katsanabas-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-tovima_katsanevas_diathiki-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-corriere_katsanevas-172">[172]</a> and claimed that "his aim was to politically inherit the history of struggle of Georgios Papandreou and Andreas Papandreou".<a href="#cite_note-ana1996091215-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-rizospastis.gr-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Location and Scope of the Entrepreneurial Function, Harvard University, 1943</li> <li>Economics and the social sciences, Economic Journal, 1950</li> <li>An experimental test of an Axiom in the Theory of Choice, Econometrica, 1953</li> <li>Competition and its regulation, Prentice-Hall, 1954</li> <li>A Test of a Stochastic Theory of Choice, Econometrica, 1957</li> <li>Economics as a Science, Lippincott, 1958</li> <li>Fundamentals of model construction in macro-economics, Center of Economic Research, 1962</li> <li>A Strategy for Greek Economic Development, Center of Economic Research, 1962</li> <li>Democracy and National Rebirth, Fexis, Athens, 1966</li> <li>The Political Element in Economic Development, Almqvist & Wiksell, 1966</li> <li>Toward a Totalitarian World?, Norstedts, Stockholm, 1969</li> <li>Man's freedom, Columbia University Press, New York, 1970</li> <li>Democracy at gunpoint: The Greek Front (I Dimokratia sto apospasma), Doubleday & Co., New York, 1970</li> <li>Paternalistic Capitalism, The University of Minnesota Press, 1972</li> <li>Economic Development - Rhetoric and Reality, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1973</li> <li>Project Selection for National Plans, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1974</li> <li>The Impact Approach to Project Selection, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1974</li> <li>The Method of Repercussions in Investment Selection, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1974</li> <li>Imperialism and Economic Development, Athens, 1975</li> <li>Greece to the Greeks, Athens, 1976</li> <li>Transition to Socialism, Athens, 1977</li> <li>Mediterranean Socialism, Lerici, Cosenza, 1977</li> <li>Externality and Institutions, Oxford University Press, 1994</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations_and_awards">Decorations and awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Decorations and awards">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Order of Isabella the Catholic</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany"><img alt="East Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Star_of_People%27s_Friendship" class="mw-redirect" title="Star of People's Friendship">Star of People's Friendship</a> (1985)<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Polar_Star" title="Order of the Polar Star">Order of the Polar Star</a> (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <div style=""><ol class="references" style="list-style-type:lower-roman;"> <li id="cnote_i"><a href="#ref_i_1">^</a> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text">Andreas Papandreou admits that his father told him on the night of the Colonels' coup that Andreas had put Greece on a hazardous course, and Andreas himself wondered whether he had overdone it with his radical campaign.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-F-15.p84-45">[45]</a></div></li> <li id="cnote_ii"><a href="#ref_ii_1">^</a> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> American officials and friends like <a href="/wiki/Carl_Kaysen" title="Carl Kaysen">Carl Kaysen</a>, while willing to aid efforts to secure his release from the junta's imprisonment, had written him off as a demagogue and untrustworthy. Similarly, the British Labour Party and Foreign Office also ignored the exiled Papandreou because of his unreliability and anti-Western views.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> Karamanlis kept his newly released political rival at arm’s length, commenting that Andreas Papandreou could not be ignored nor be trusted, and thus declined Papandreou’s requests for a meeting.<a href="#cite_note-Miller2009p141-56">[56]</a> US Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Talbot" title="Phillips Talbot">Phillips Talbot</a> stated that his political colleagues are virtually unanimous in their hostility toward Andreas Papandreou. He concluded that "Andreas would probably have been wiser to return to the university for the indefinite future."<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></div></li> <li id="cnote_iii"><a href="#ref_iii_1">^</a> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> Papandreou was encountering difficulties in disagreeing with Karamanlis’s foreign policy, so he appealed to Greeks' traditionally strong nationalism and responded to a post-junta sense of deep humiliation and betrayal, thus concentrating his fiery rhetoric against NATO and the EEC.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> Moreover, according to political scientist T. Pappas, Papandreou believed that the only strategy that would lead PASOK to power was to push Greek politics towards the direction of extreme polarisation and political radicalism.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></div></li> <li id="cnote_iv"><a href="#ref_iv_1">^</a> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> There is a long-standing debate on whether the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson administration</a> gave the green light for the 1967 coup in Greece.<a href="#cite_note-Klaveras-58">[58]</a> Andreas Papandreou and his academic colleagues frequently accused the US administration of being responsible for the coup, and since then, Andreas Papandreou and other Greek elites sold this to the masses as part of nurturing anti-American sentiment, making it a widespread belief among Greeks.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Others are more skeptical due to the lack of "smoking gun" evidence. Louis Klarevas, based on the declassified documents of the US government and extensive literature review, concluded that there was no official action for the coup, but additional evidence is required for unofficial activities.<a href="#cite_note-Klaveras-58">[58]</a></div></li> <li id="cnote_v"><a href="#ref_v_1">^</a> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> Beyond the anti-NATO and anti-EEC rhetoric, Papandreou's campaign promises include higher wages for workers, more jobs, improvements in transportation, reform of Greece's antiquated education system, cheaper housing, higher prices for farm goods, and an end to corruption and inefficiency in the state bureaucracy. He also promised to decentralize the government and give more control to local authorities.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></div></li> <li id="cnote_vi"><a href="#ref_vi_1">^</a> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"> The total amount of money was substantial, approximately 1/280 of the Greek economy, based on Greece's GDP in 1986 of US$56 billion.<a href="#cite_note-GDP-9">[9]</a></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papandreou.iema.gr/index.html">"Andreas G. Papandreou Foundation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andreas+G.+Papandreou+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpapandreou.iema.gr%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Jacobs, 1989, pp. 123-130. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pantazopoulos, 2001, pp. 63-121. </li> <li id="cite_note-Clogg:1987a_122-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clogg:1987a_122_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clogg:1987a_122_4-1">b</a> Clogg, 1987, p. 122-148. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Featherstone, 2015, pp. 78-115. </li> <li id="cite_note-Koscotas1-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koscotas1_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koscotas1_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-04-16-mn-2514-story.html">"Koskotas Implicates Premier in Payoffs, Bribery: Ex-Banker's Tale May Be Greek Tragedy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Koskotas+Implicates+Premier+in+Payoffs%2C+Bribery%3A+Ex-Banker%27s+Tale+May+Be+Greek+Tragedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1989-04-16-mn-2514-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF_debt-7"><a href="#cite_ref-IMF_debt_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/DEBT1@DEBT/GRC?zoom=GRC&highlight=GRC">"DEBT % of GDP - Greece"</a>. 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class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wED8PRhve6aLndtvSoClrL88VQbDIJsbtp5MXD0LzQTLWPU9yLzB8V68knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx3UnKl3nP8NxdnJ5r9cmWyJWelDvWS_18kAEhATUkJb0x1LIdQ163nV9K--td6SIuWOCH0GRt-K2xNttmT5_Xib4r8XJBXogZSz4_0UkwyOn">"ΦΕΚ 115Α/20-09-1982, Νόμος 1285"Για την αναγνώριση της Εθνικής Αντίστασης του Ελληνικού Λαού εναντίον των στρατευμάτων κατοχής 1941-1944""</a> (in Greek).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A+115%CE%91%2F20-09-1982%2C+%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+1285%22%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%BD+%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE%CF%82+1941-1944%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.et.gr%2Fidocs-nph%2Fsearch%2FpdfViewerForm.html%3Fargs%3D5C7QrtC22wED8PRhve6aLndtvSoClrL88VQbDIJsbtp5MXD0LzQTLWPU9yLzB8V68knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx3UnKl3nP8NxdnJ5r9cmWyJWelDvWS_18kAEhATUkJb0x1LIdQ163nV9K--td6SIuWOCH0GRt-K2xNttmT5_Xib4r8XJBXogZSz4_0UkwyOn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" 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href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/27/world/greece-gives-a-last-sad-farewell-to-papandreou.html">"Greece gives a last sad farewell to Papandreou"</a>. New York Times. 27 June 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Greece+gives+a+last+sad+farewell+to+Papandreou&rft.date=1996-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F06%2F27%2Fworld%2Fgreece-gives-a-last-sad-farewell-to-papandreou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Avriani, 27 June 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Ideologues, Partisans and Loyalists Ministers and Policymaking in Parliamentary Cabinets by Despina Alexiadou </li> <li id="cite_note-Akis_Haralambopoulos-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akis_Haralambopoulos_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akis_Haralambopoulos_142-1">b</a> Haralambopoulos, Akis (1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/forum/econ/greece97.html">Review of the Greek Economy</a>. Hellenic Resources Institute </li> <li id="cite_note-Bohlen-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Bohlen_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohlen1996" class="citation news cs1">Bohlen, Celestine (16 January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/16/world/ailing-papandreou-resigns-asking-quick-election-of-successor.html">"Ailing Papandreou Resigns, Asking Quick Election of Successor"</a>. The New York Times. p. 5. <q>But his economic policy was widely regarded as a failure that continues to cripple Greece's growth</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ailing+Papandreou+Resigns%2C+Asking+Quick+Election+of+Successor&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1996-01-16&rft.aulast=Bohlen&rft.aufirst=Celestine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F01%2F16%2Fworld%2Failing-papandreou-resigns-asking-quick-election-of-successor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/fichero_articulo?codigo=1067537&orden=72263">The Bumpy Road to Convergence</a> By Karl Aisinger Austrian Institute of Economic Research </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eduvinet.de/eduvinet/gr004.htm#3.">Peripherality and integration the experience of Greece as a member of the European Union</a> By Velissaris Baliotas, Economist, Eurotechniki K.E.K., Volos, GREECE, 1997 </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Παράλογες αυτές οι μεγάλες αυξήσεις; Ίσως! Η Ελλάδα όμως άλλαξε μέσα σε τέσσερα χρόνια, η φτώχεια εξαλείφθηκε και ολόκληρες περιθωριοποιημένες ομάδες του πληθυσμού ενσωματώθηκαν σε μια κοινωνία αποκτώντας ελπίδα και όραμα. English: Absurd these big increases? Perhaps! But Greece changed in four years, poverty eliminated and entire marginalised groups of the population were incorporated into a society, gaining hope and vision. Translation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/translator/">http://www.collinsdictionary.com/translator/</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tovima.gr/politics/article/?aid=112956">tovima.gr</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Μεγάλη η αύξηση, αλλά συνεχίστηκε όλα τα επόμενα χρόνια και περισσότερο μάλιστα την τριετία 1990–1993 της ΝΔ, διότι δεν πρέπει ποτέ να ξεχνάμε ότι το μικρό και νοικοκυρεμένο κράτος των δεκαετιών του '50 και του '60 ήταν ένα κράτος που ήταν μόνο χωροφύλακας, χωρίς δαπάνες στην παιδεία, στην υγεία και γενικά χωρίς ενδιαφέρον για την κοινωνία. English: The increase was great, but it continued all over the next few years and even more in the years 1990 – 1993 of ND, because we should never forget that the small and neat state of the '50s and '60s was a state that was only a police state, without spending on education, health and generally without interest in society. Translation: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/translator/">http://www.collinsdictionary.com/translator/</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.tovima.gr/politics/article/?aid=112956">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=237134">enet.gr</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Duke, Simon (1989) United States military forces and installations in Europe. Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198291329" title="Special:BookSources/0198291329">0198291329</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hyper.gr/makthes/960624/60624j00.html">Macedonia newspaper, 24 June 1996</a>(in Greek) </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoche1996" class="citation web cs1">Roche, Douglas (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.peacemagazine.org/v14n4p08.htm">"The Middle Powers Initiative"</a>. Peace Magazine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peace+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Middle+Powers+Initiative&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.peacemagazine.org%2Fv14n4p08.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreign_affairs-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foreign_affairs_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foreign_affairs_152-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foreign_affairs_152-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foreign_affairs_152-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoulis,_John_C.1984" class="citation web cs1">Loulis, John C. (1 December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029202002/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19841201faessay8413/john-c-loulis/papandreou-s-foreign-policy.html">"Foreign Affairs magazine, Winter 1984/85"</a>. Foreignaffairs.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19841201faessay8413/john-c-loulis/papandreou-s-foreign-policy.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Affairs+magazine%2C+Winter+1984%2F85&rft.pub=Foreignaffairs.org&rft.date=1984-12-01&rft.au=Loulis%2C+John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.org%2F19841201faessay8413%2Fjohn-c-loulis%2Fpapandreou-s-foreign-policy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kariotis-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kariotis_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kariotis_153-1">b</a> Kariotis, Theodore C. (1992) The Greek socialist experiment: Papandreou's Greece 1981–1989, Pella Publ., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0918618487" title="Special:BookSources/0918618487">0918618487</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Sarafis, Marion (1990) Background to contemporary Greece, vol. 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0850363934" title="Special:BookSources/0850363934">0850363934</a>, pp. 70–71 </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/17/world/greece-grants-diplomatic-status-to-plo-office.html">"GREECE GRANTS DIPLOMATIC STATUS TO P.L.O. OFFICE"</a>. The New York Times. 17 December 1981. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=GREECE+GRANTS+DIPLOMATIC+STATUS+TO+P.L.O.+OFFICE&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1981-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F12%2F17%2Fworld%2Fgreece-grants-diplomatic-status-to-plo-office.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaminaris,_Spiros_Ch.1999" class="citation journal cs1">Kaminaris, Spiros Ch. (June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201100748/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue2/jv3n2a4.html">"Greece and the Middle East"</a>. Middle East Review of International Affairs. 3 (2). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue2/jv3n2a4.html">the original</a> on 1 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Greece+and+the+Middle+East&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1999-06&rft.au=Kaminaris%2C+Spiros+Ch.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeria.idc.ac.il%2Fjournal%2F1999%2Fissue2%2Fjv3n2a4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Clogg, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Chilcote, Ronald H. (1990) Transitions from dictatorship to democracy: comparative studies of Spain, Portugal, and Greece. Taylor & Francis. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0844816752" title="Special:BookSources/0844816752">0844816752</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Google_Book-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Google_Book_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Google_Book_159-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Google_Book_159-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Google_Book_159-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XE97ryf8noAC&pg=PA13">Recent Social Trends in France, 1960–1990</a> Michel Forsé Quote: "The coming into office of PASOK signified both socially and politically the end of the post civil war era. Certainly this is true already for the period after the collapse of dictatorship (1974) but it is systematized by PASOK. Essentially this means that the forms of political and as such social and economic exclusion that had distinguished the post civil war times vanish for good." p 13 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-0887-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-0887-2">0-7735-0887-2</a> also Recent Social Trends in Greece, 1960–2000 By Dimitris Charalambis, Laura Maratou-Alipranti, Andromachi Hadjiyanni Translated by Dimitris Charalambis, Laura Maratou-Alipranti, Andromachi Hadjiyanni Contributor Dimitris Charalambis, Laura Maratou-Alipranti, Andromachi Hadjiyanni Published by McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2202-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2202-6">0-7735-2202-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2202-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2202-2">978-0-7735-2202-2</a>, 701 pages retrieved 15 August 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-HFEFP-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HFEFP_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFEFP_160-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFEFP_160-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFEFP_160-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HFEFP_160-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eliamep.gr/eliamep/content/home/media/opinions/2005/karamanlis_and_papandreou/el/">Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy</a> Οι ηγετικοί ρόλοι του Κωνσταντίνου Καραμανλή και του Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου στη διαδικασία εδραίωσης της δημοκρατίας μετά το 1974 Κουλουμπής Θεόδωρος (Καθημερινή) 6 Νοεμβρίου 2005 Quote: "Το χρήσιμο συμπέρασμα, λοιπόν, σχετικά με τον Παπανδρέου είναι το εξής: ενώ ήταν ιδεολόγος και χαρισματικός ρήτορας αριστερού τύπου στην θεωρία, στην πράξη αποδείχθηκε συνετός και πραγματιστής. Και αυτό φαίνεται από τις επιλογές του να παραμείνει στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, που τόσο έντονα είχε αμφισβητήσει λίγα χρόνια νωρίτερα, και να παραμείνει στο ΝΑΤΟ που τόσο απόλυτα είχε καταδικάσει. Επίσης με πραγματιστικό τρόπο χειρίστηκε τις διαπραγματεύσεις για τις αμερικανικές βάσεις: δήθεν συμφωνήθηκε η «αποχώρηση» των βάσεων, αλλά οι βάσεις παρέμειναν. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο άνοιξε ο δρόμος της ταύτισης των μεγάλων πολιτικών δυνάμεων στον τόπο μας γύρω από ένα κοινό στρατηγικό στόχο" (In Greek) </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Miller, 2009, p. 210. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Carabott, Philip and Sfikas, Thanassis D. (2004) The Greek Civil War: essays on a conflict of exceptionalism and silences. Ashgate. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0754641317" title="Special:BookSources/0754641317">0754641317</a>. pp. 262–266 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> Kathimerini tis Kyriakis, 30 December 2007, "Τομή στην Μεταπολίτευση το 1981" </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Real News, 3 January 2010, Βασίλης Θωμόπουλος, "Πρωτιά για Ανδρέα και Αλλαγή" </li> <li id="cite_note-PressProject-165"><a href="#cite_ref-PressProject_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEfimeros,_Kostas2014" class="citation web cs1">Efimeros, Kostas (13 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222040545/http://www.thepressproject.net/article/56330/How-a-Greek-politician-is-attempting-to-rewrite-history-by-suing-Wikipedia-the-online-encyclopedia-he-doesnt-understand">"How a Greek politician is attempting to rewrite history by suing Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia he doesn't understand"</a>. thepressproject.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepressproject.net/article/56330/How-a-Greek-politician-is-attempting-to-rewrite-history-by-suing-Wikipedia-the-online-encyclopedia-he-doesnt-understand">the original</a> on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+a+Greek+politician+is+attempting+to+rewrite+history+by+suing+Wikipedia%2C+the+online+encyclopedia+he+doesn%27t+understand&rft.pub=thepressproject.net&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft.au=Efimeros%2C+Kostas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepressproject.net%2Farticle%2F56330%2FHow-a-Greek-politician-is-attempting-to-rewrite-history-by-suing-Wikipedia-the-online-encyclopedia-he-doesnt-understand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BaltimoreSun-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BaltimoreSun_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BaltimoreSun_166-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/1996/09/29/disinherited-children-contest-papandreous-will-greek-premier-had-left-entire-estate-to-widow-fight-turns-nasty/">"Katsanevas Papandreou – Disinherited children contest Papandreou's will Greek premier had left entire estate to widow"</a>. Baltimore Sun. 29 September 1996. Retrieved 15 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Katsanevas+Papandreou+%E2%80%93+Disinherited+children+contest+Papandreou%27s+will+Greek+premier+had+left+entire+estate+to+widow&rft.date=1996-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F1996%2F09%2F29%2Fdisinherited-children-contest-papandreous-will-greek-premier-had-left-entire-estate-to-widow-fight-turns-nasty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ana1996091215-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ana1996091215_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ana1996091215_167-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/news/greek/ana/1996/96-09-13.ana.html#15">Reactions to Papandreou's will</a>, Athens News Agency, 13 September 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/NOTES-FROM-HERE-AND-THERE-2965745.php">"Papandreous' legacy – SFGate"</a>. Sfgate. 20 September 1996. Retrieved 15 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sfgate&rft.atitle=Papandreous%27+legacy+%E2%80%93+SFGate&rft.date=1996-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FNOTES-FROM-HERE-AND-THERE-2965745.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tovima_diamadia_skoupidia-169"><a href="#cite_ref-tovima_diamadia_skoupidia_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tovima.gr/culture/article/?aid=84975">"Διαμάντια & σκουπίδια – ολιτισμός"</a>. tovima.gr. 24 November 2008. Retrieved 14 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1+%26+%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1+%E2%80%93+%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82&rft.pub=tovima.gr&rft.date=2008-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tovima.gr%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F%3Faid%3D84975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-protagon_katsanabas-170"><a href="#cite_ref-protagon_katsanabas_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protagon.gr/?i=protagon.el.8emata&lid=3202">"Διαθήκη εκ του διατίθημι"</a>. protagon.gr. 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Retrieved 14 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atene%3A+il+fattore+Mimi%27+s%27+abbatte+sul+voto&rft.pub=archiviostorico.corriere.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchiviostorico.corriere.it%2F1996%2Fsettembre%2F21%2FAtene_fattore_Mimi_abbatte_sul_co_0_96092113453.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rizospastis.gr-173"><a href="#cite_ref-rizospastis.gr_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.rizospastis.gr/story.do?id=3673121&publDate=">"Οι διαθήκες του Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου"</a>. Ριζοσπάστης. 13 September 1996. Retrieved 15 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%CE%9F%CE%B9+%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85&rft.date=1996-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.rizospastis.gr%2Fstory.do%3Fid%3D3673121%26publDate%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/news/greek/ana/1996/96-09-13.ana.html#14">Andreas Papandreou's wills opened Dimitra Liani receives archives</a>, Athens News Agency, 13 September 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hri.org/news/greek/ant1en/1996/96-09-13.ant1en.html">Two wills of the late Andreas Papandreou submitted to the Court</a>, Antenna News in English, 13 September 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avarchive.gr/portal/digitalview.jsp?get_ac_id=3014&thid=16335">"Τεκμήριο D3014 | Εθνικό Οπτικοακουστικό Αρχείο"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF+D3014+%26%23124%3B+%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%9F%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avarchive.gr%2Fportal%2Fdigitalview.jsp%3Fget_ac_id%3D3014%26thid%3D16335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Papandreou, 1971, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> Papandreou, 1971, p. 312. </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> Miller, 2009, p. 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Draenos, 2014, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> Nafpliotis, 2018, p. 516. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Pappas, 2009, pp. 77-87. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> Michas, 2002, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Larrabee, 1981, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> Larrabee, 1981, p. 159. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClogg1987" class="citation book cs1">Clogg, Richard (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/nia7QgAACAAJ?hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWiO3ckqqJAxXuMlkFHVPiFswQ7_IDegQIGBAC">Political Parties in Greece: the search for legitimacy</a>. North Carolina: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822307944" title="Special:BookSources/0822307944"><bdi>0822307944</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+in+Greece%3A+the+search+for+legitimacy&rft.place=North+Carolina&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0822307944&rft.aulast=Clogg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2F_%2Fnia7QgAACAAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiWiO3ckqqJAxXuMlkFHVPiFswQ7_IDegQIGBAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClose2014" class="citation book cs1">Close, David H. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Greece_since_1945/4kugBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">Greece since 1945: Politics, Economy and Society</a>. London & New York: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317880011" title="Special:BookSources/9781317880011"><bdi>9781317880011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece+since+1945%3A+Politics%2C+Economy+and+Society&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317880011&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FGreece_since_1945%2F4kugBAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrampton2014" class="citation book cs1">Crampton, R.J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Balkans_Since_the_Second_World_War/0tEFBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The Balkans since the second World War</a>. London & New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317891178" title="Special:BookSources/9781317891178"><bdi>9781317891178</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans+since+the+second+World+War&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317891178&rft.aulast=Crampton&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Balkans_Since_the_Second_World_War%2F0tEFBAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrile2003" class="citation book cs1">Crile, George (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Charlie_Wilson_s_War/ZKhXPgAACAAJ?hl=en">Charlie Wilson's War</a>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802141242" title="Special:BookSources/0802141242"><bdi>0802141242</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlie+Wilson%27s+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0802141242&rft.aulast=Crile&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FCharlie_Wilson_s_War%2FZKhXPgAACAAJ%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraenos2012" class="citation book cs1">Draenos, Stan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/YvhTzAEACAAJ?hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrro2Bk6qJAxVQFlkFHYQKFk0Qre8FegQIDBAF">Andreas Papandreou: The Making of a Greek Democrat and Political Maverick</a>. New York: I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780760803" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780760803"><bdi>978-1780760803</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andreas+Papandreou%3A+The+Making+of+a+Greek+Democrat+and+Political+Maverick&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1780760803&rft.aulast=Draenos&rft.aufirst=Stan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2F_%2FYvhTzAEACAAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjrro2Bk6qJAxVQFlkFHYQKFk0Qre8FegQIDBAF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis1995" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Glenn E. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Greece/QcW0zwEACAAJ?hl=en">Greece, A Country Study</a>. Maryland: Library of Congress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1490436235" title="Special:BookSources/1490436235"><bdi>1490436235</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece%2C+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Maryland&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1490436235&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FGreece%2FQcW0zwEACAAJ%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuke1989" class="citation book cs1">Duke, Simon (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/United_States_Military_Forces_and_Instal/dzKr3mSKyIgC?hl=en&gbpv=0">United States military forces and installations in Europe</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198291329" title="Special:BookSources/9780198291329"><bdi>9780198291329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+military+forces+and+installations+in+Europe&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780198291329&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FUnited_States_Military_Forces_and_Instal%2FdzKr3mSKyIgC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeatherstoneKatsoudas1987" class="citation book cs1">Featherstone, Kevin; Katsoudas, Dimitrios K. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198717171" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198717171"><bdi>978-0198717171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prime+Ministers+in+Greece%2C+The+Paradox+of+Power&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0198717171&rft.aulast=Featherstone&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Papadimitriou%2C+Dimitris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FPrime_Ministers_in_Greece%2FlO6kCQAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeatherstoneSotiropoulos2020" class="citation book cs1">Featherstone, Kevin; Sotiropoulos, Dimitri A. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Oxford_Handbook_of_Modern_Greek_Poli/TZr9DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The Oxford Handbook of Modern Greek Politics</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198825104" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198825104"><bdi>978-0198825104</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Modern+Greek+Politics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0198825104&rft.aulast=Featherstone&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.au=Sotiropoulos%2C+Dimitri+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Oxford_Handbook_of_Modern_Greek_Poli%2FTZr9DwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrardNewell2006" class="citation book cs1">Garrard, James; Newell, John, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Scandals_in_Past_and_Contemporary_Politi/nDksFA0DYVAC?hl=en&gbpv=0">Scandals in past and contemporary politics</a>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719065514" title="Special:BookSources/9780719065514"><bdi>9780719065514</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scandals+in+past+and+contemporary+politics&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780719065514&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FScandals_in_Past_and_Contemporary_Politi%2FnDksFA0DYVAC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuntherDiamandourosSotiropoulos2006" class="citation book cs1">Gunther, Richard; Diamandouros, Nikiforos; Sotiropoulos, Dimitri, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Democracy_and_the_State_in_the_New_South/GQVREAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">Democracy and the state in the new southern Europe</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191513961" title="Special:BookSources/9780191513961"><bdi>9780191513961</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+and+the+state+in+the+new+southern+Europe&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780191513961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FDemocracy_and_the_State_in_the_New_South%2FGQVREAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatzivassiliou2006" class="citation book cs1">Hatzivassiliou, Evanthis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Greece_and_the_Cold_War/Dyl9AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">Greece and the Cold War Front Line State, 1952-1967</a>. London & New York: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134154883" title="Special:BookSources/9781134154883"><bdi>9781134154883</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece+and+the+Cold+War+Front+Line+State%2C+1952-1967&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781134154883&rft.aulast=Hatzivassiliou&rft.aufirst=Evanthis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FGreece_and_the_Cold_War%2FDyl9AgAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs1989" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Francis (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Political_Parties_and_the_European_Union/rOSJAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">Western European political parties: a comprehensive guide</a>. London: Addison-Wesley Longman Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0582001138" title="Special:BookSources/978-0582001138"><bdi>978-0582001138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+European+political+parties%3A+a+comprehensive+guide&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Longman+Limited&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0582001138&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FPolitical_Parties_and_the_European_Union%2FrOSJAgAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Michael J., ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Creative_Accounting_Fraud_and_Internatio/P35zA_RsN9MC?hl=en&gbpv=0">Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Scandals</a>. West Sussex: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119978626" title="Special:BookSources/9781119978626"><bdi>9781119978626</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creative+Accounting%2C+Fraud+and+International+Accounting+Scandals&rft.place=West+Sussex&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781119978626&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FCreative_Accounting_Fraud_and_Internatio%2FP35zA_RsN9MC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaramouzi2014" class="citation book cs1">Karamouzi, Eirini (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Greece_the_EEC_and_the_Cold_War_1974_197/nFRHBQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">Greece, the EEC and the Cold War 1974-1979</a>. London & New York: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137331335" title="Special:BookSources/9781137331335"><bdi>9781137331335</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greece%2C+the+EEC+and+the+Cold+War+1974-1979&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781137331335&rft.aulast=Karamouzi&rft.aufirst=Eirini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FGreece_the_EEC_and_the_Cold_War_1974_197%2FnFRHBQAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKofas2017" class="citation book cs1">Kofas, Jon V. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Independence_from_America/1_dADwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">Independence from America: global integration and inequality</a>. London & New York: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351155700" title="Special:BookSources/9781351155700"><bdi>9781351155700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Independence+from+America%3A+global+integration+and+inequality&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351155700&rft.aulast=Kofas&rft.aufirst=Jon+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FIndependence_from_America%2F1_dADwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoliopoulosVeremis2009" class="citation book cs1">Koliopoulos, John S.; Veremis, Thanos M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Greece/qumwwKbI0TQC?hl=en&gbpv=0">Modern Greece A History Since 1821</a>. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444314830" title="Special:BookSources/9781444314830"><bdi>9781444314830</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Greece+A+History+Since+1821&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781444314830&rft.aulast=Koliopoulos&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft.au=Veremis%2C+Thanos+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FModern_Greece%2FqumwwKbI0TQC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKutlay2018" class="citation book cs1">Kutlay, Mustafa (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Political_Economies_of_Turkey_and_Gr/eF1oDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The Political Economies of Turkey and Greece: Crisis and Change</a>. London: Springer International Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319927886" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319927886"><bdi>978-3319927886</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economies+of+Turkey+and+Greece%3A+Crisis+and+Change&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3319927886&rft.aulast=Kutlay&rft.aufirst=Mustafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Political_Economies_of_Turkey_and_Gr%2FeF1oDwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLagosOthon2021" class="citation book cs1">Lagos, Katerina; Othon, Anastasakis, eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Greek_Military_Dictatorship/bCkgEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The Greek Military Dictatorship Revisiting a Troubled Past, 1967-1974</a>. New York & London: Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781800731752" title="Special:BookSources/9781800731752"><bdi>9781800731752</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Military+Dictatorship+Revisiting+a+Troubled+Past%2C+1967-1974&rft.place=New+York+%26+London&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781800731752&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Greek_Military_Dictatorship%2FbCkgEAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiakosDoumanis2023" class="citation book cs1">Liakos, Antonis; Doumanis, Nicholas (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Edinburgh_History_of_the_Greeks_20th/HD3WsgEACAAJ?hl=en">The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 20th and Early 21st Centuries: Global Perspectives</a>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1474410847" title="Special:BookSources/978-1474410847"><bdi>978-1474410847</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edinburgh+History+of+the+Greeks%2C+20th+and+Early+21st+Centuries%3A+Global+Perspectives&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1474410847&rft.aulast=Liakos&rft.aufirst=Antonis&rft.au=Doumanis%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Edinburgh_History_of_the_Greeks_20th%2FHD3WsgEACAAJ%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagone2003" class="citation book cs1">Magone, José (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Politics_of_Southern_Europe/ElDeEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The Politics of Southern Europe Integration Into the European Union</a>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313051678" title="Special:BookSources/9780313051678"><bdi>9780313051678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Southern+Europe+Integration+Into+the+European+Union&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780313051678&rft.aulast=Magone&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Politics_of_Southern_Europe%2FElDeEAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2009" class="citation book cs1">Miller, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_United_States_and_the_Making_of_Mode/3jvKhwWHem4C?hl=en&gbpv=0">The United States and the Making of Modern Greece</a>. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1469622163" title="Special:BookSources/978-1469622163"><bdi>978-1469622163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+and+the+Making+of+Modern+Greece&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1469622163&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_United_States_and_the_Making_of_Mode%2F3jvKhwWHem4C%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMouzelis1978" class="citation book cs1">Mouzelis, Nicos P. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Greece/WES5AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Modern%20Greece:%20facets%20of%20underdevelopment">Modern Greece: facets of underdevelopment</a>. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0333226155" title="Special:BookSources/978-0333226155"><bdi>978-0333226155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Greece%3A+facets+of+underdevelopment&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Press+Ltd&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0333226155&rft.aulast=Mouzelis&rft.aufirst=Nicos+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FModern_Greece%2FWES5AAAAIAAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0%26bsq%3DModern%2520Greece%3A%2520facets%2520of%2520underdevelopment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPantazopoulos2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pantazopoulos, Andreas (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Gia-lao-kai-ethnos-Papandreou/dp/9608132320">"Gia to lao kai to Ethnos: i stigmi Andrea Papandreou 1965-1989"</a> (in Greek). Athens: Ekdoseis Polis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9608132320" title="Special:BookSources/978-9608132320"><bdi>978-9608132320</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Gia+to+lao+kai+to+Ethnos%3A+i+stigmi+Andrea+Papandreou+1965-1989%22&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Ekdoseis+Polis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-9608132320&rft.aulast=Pantazopoulos&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FGia-lao-kai-ethnos-Papandreou%2Fdp%2F9608132320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapandreou1971" class="citation book cs1">Papandreou, Andreas (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Democracy_at_Gunpoint_the_Greek_Front/TfkcAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=democracy%20at%20gunpoint%20papandreou">Democracy at Gunpoint</a>. New York: Deutsch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780233963013" title="Special:BookSources/9780233963013"><bdi>9780233963013</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+at+Gunpoint&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Deutsch&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780233963013&rft.aulast=Papandreou&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FDemocracy_at_Gunpoint_the_Greek_Front%2FTfkcAAAAYAAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0%26bsq%3Ddemocracy%2520at%2520gunpoint%2520papandreou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapas1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Papas, Takis (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patakis.gr/product/498741/vivlia-anthropistikes-kai-koinonikes-episthmes-istoria-arxaiologia/To-xarismatiko-komma-PASOK-Papandreou-Eksousia/">Το χαρισματικό κόμμα: ΠΑΣΟΚ, Παπανδρέου, Εξουσία</a> (in Greek). Athens: Patakis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789601632568" title="Special:BookSources/9789601632568"><bdi>9789601632568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1%3A+%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%A3%CE%9F%CE%9A%2C+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85%2C+%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Patakis&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9789601632568&rft.aulast=Papas&rft.aufirst=Takis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patakis.gr%2Fproduct%2F498741%2Fvivlia-anthropistikes-kai-koinonikes-episthmes-istoria-arxaiologia%2FTo-xarismatiko-komma-PASOK-Papandreou-Eksousia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPirounakis1997" class="citation book cs1">Pirounakis, Nicholas (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Greek_Economy/pLODDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The Greek Economy Past, Present and Future</a>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0333654224" title="Special:BookSources/978-0333654224"><bdi>978-0333654224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Economy+Past%2C+Present+and+Future&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0333654224&rft.aulast=Pirounakis&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Greek_Economy%2FpLODDAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterns2021" class="citation book cs1">Sterns, Monteagle (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gifted_Greek/-nIDEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0">The enigma of Andreas Papandreou</a>. Sterling: Potomac Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1640123296" title="Special:BookSources/1640123296"><bdi>1640123296</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+enigma+of+Andreas+Papandreou&rft.place=Sterling&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=1640123296&rft.aulast=Sterns&rft.aufirst=Monteagle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FGifted_Greek%2F-nIDEAAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <dl><dt>Journals</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClogg1982" class="citation journal cs1">Clogg, Richard (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(82)90132-9">"The Greek elections of 1981"</a>. Electoral Studies. 1 (1): 95–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0261-3794%2882%2990132-9">10.1016/0261-3794(82)90132-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electoral+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Greek+elections+of+1981&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=95-99&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0261-3794%2882%2990132-9&rft.aulast=Clogg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2F0261-3794%2882%2990132-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClogg1996" class="citation journal cs1">Clogg, Richard (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629399608414596">"Andreas Papandreou – A political profile"</a>. Mediterranean Politics. 1 (3): 382–387. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13629399608414596">10.1080/13629399608414596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediterranean+Politics&rft.atitle=Andreas+Papandreou+%E2%80%93+A+political+profile&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=382-387&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13629399608414596&rft.aulast=Clogg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F13629399608414596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobratzWhitfield1992" class="citation journal cs1">Dobratz, Betty A.; Whitfield, Stefanie (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036630">"Does Scandal Influence Voters' Party Preference? The Case of Greece during the Papandreou Era"</a>. European Sociological Review. 8 (2): 167–180. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.esr.a036630">10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036630</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/522295">522295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Sociological+Review&rft.atitle=Does+Scandal+Influence+Voters%27+Party+Preference%3F+The+Case+of+Greece+during+the+Papandreou+Era&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-180&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.esr.a036630&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F522295%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dobratz&rft.aufirst=Betty+A.&rft.au=Whitfield%2C+Stefanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.esr.a036630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeatherstone2005" class="citation journal cs1">Featherstone, Kevin (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380500058753">"Introduction: 'Modernisation' and the Structural Constraints of Greek Politics"</a>. West European Politics. 28 (2): 223–241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402380500058753">10.1080/01402380500058753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=West+European+Politics&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+%27Modernisation%27+and+the+Structural+Constraints+of+Greek+Politics&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=223-241&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402380500058753&rft.aulast=Featherstone&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F01402380500058753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaramouziChourchoulis2019" class="citation journal cs1">Karamouzi, Eirini; Chourchoulis, Dionisios (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14682745.2018.1497014">"Troublemaker or peacemaker? Andreas Papandreou, the Euromissile Crisis, and the policy of peace, 1981–86"</a>. Cold War History. 19 (1): 39–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14682745.2018.1497014">10.1080/14682745.2018.1497014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cold+War+History&rft.atitle=Troublemaker+or+peacemaker%3F+Andreas+Papandreou%2C+the+Euromissile+Crisis%2C+and+the+policy+of+peace%2C+1981%E2%80%9386&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-61&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14682745.2018.1497014&rft.aulast=Karamouzi&rft.aufirst=Eirini&rft.au=Chourchoulis%2C+Dionisios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F14682745.2018.1497014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKariotis1997" class="citation journal cs1">Kariotis, Theodore C. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Theodore-Kariotis/publication/265668512_Andreas_G_Papandreou_The_Economist/links/556f4de508aec226830a8baf/Andreas-G-Papandreou-The-Economist.pdf">"Andreas G. Papandreou: the economist"</a> (PDF). Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora. 23 (1): 33–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Hellenic+Diaspora&rft.atitle=Andreas+G.+Papandreou%3A+the+economist&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-58&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Kariotis&rft.aufirst=Theodore+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fprofile%2FTheodore-Kariotis%2Fpublication%2F265668512_Andreas_G_Papandreou_The_Economist%2Flinks%2F556f4de508aec226830a8baf%2FAndreas-G-Papandreou-The-Economist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlarevas2006" class="citation journal cs1">Klarevas, Louis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00562.x">"Were the eagle and the phoenix birds of a feather? The United States and the Greek coup of 1967"</a>. Diplomatic History. 30 (3): 471–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.2006.00562.x">10.1111/j.1467-7709.2006.00562.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24915022">24915022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+History&rft.atitle=Were+the+eagle+and+the+phoenix+birds+of+a+feather%3F+The+United+States+and+the+Greek+coup+of+1967&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=471-508&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.2006.00562.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24915022%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Klarevas&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-7709.2006.00562.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarrabee1981" class="citation journal cs1">Larrabee, F. Stephen (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20042189">"Dateline Athens: Greece for the Greeks"</a>. Foreign Policy. 45: 158–174. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20042189">20042189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Dateline+Athens%3A+Greece+for+the+Greeks&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=158-174&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20042189%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Larrabee&rft.aufirst=F.+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20042189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoulis1984" class="citation journal cs1">Loulis, John C. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1148318">"Papandreou's Foreign Policy"</a>. Foreign Affairs. 63 (2): 375–391. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1148318">1148318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Papandreou%27s+Foreign+Policy&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=375-391&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1148318%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Loulis&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1148318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMavrogordatos1984" class="citation journal cs1">Mavrogordatos, George (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402388408424501">"The Greek Party System: A Case of "Limited but Polarised Pluralism"?"</a>. 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The National Interest. 67: 94–102. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42897404">42897404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Interest&rft.atitle=America+the+despised&rft.volume=67&rft.pages=94-102&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42897404%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Michas&rft.aufirst=Takis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalinterest.org%2Farticle%2Famerica-the-despised-a-letter-from-athens-422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNafpliotis2018" class="citation journal cs1">Nafpliotis, Alexandros (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2018.1519686">"From radicalism to pragmatism via Europe: PASOK's stance vis-à-vis the EEC, 1977-1981"</a>. 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Southeast European Politics. 6 (1): 1–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southeast+European+Politics&rft.atitle=Explaining+an+activist+military%3A+Greece+until+1975&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-13&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Tsarouhas&rft.aufirst=Dimitris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgpsg.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F09%2F2005-P2-Tsarouhas1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Papandreou" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Kariotis, Theodore C., ed. The Greek Socialist Experiment: Papandreou's Greece, 1981-1989. (Pella Publishing Company, 1992).</li> <li>Wilsford, David, ed. Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary (Greenwood, 1995) pp. 361–68.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%8A%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ηλίας Χρυσοχοϊδης (page does not exist)">Ηλίας Χρυσοχοϊδης</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/~ichriss/">Ilias Chrissochoidis</a>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/76247896/">"Η οικονομική πολιτική της Ενωσης Κέντρου"</a>, Το ΒΗΜΑ, 10 Απριλίου 2022, σελ. Α38(62), και <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ot.gr/2022/04/17/apopseis/experts/i-oikonomiki-politiki-tis-enosis-kentrou/">Οικονομικός Ταχυδρόμος</a>, 17 Απριλίου 2022.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Papandreou&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andreas_Papandreou" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Andreas Papandreou">Andreas Papandreou</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031120123148/http://www.agp.gr/">The Andreas Papandreou Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031227155523/http://www.pasok.gr/gr/menu/idritis/bio.html">Biography from pasok.gr</a>(in Greek)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041012003126/http://www.ert.gr/afieromata/papandreou/">Tribute to Andreas Papandreou</a>(in Greek)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120412035712/http://pi.library.yorku.ca/dspace/browse?value=Andreas+Papandreou&type=series">Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections</a> – Archival photographs of Andreas Papandreou from the Toronto Telegram Fonds – Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> President of the <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Panhellenic Socialist Movement">Panhellenic Socialist Movement</a> 1974–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Mavros" title="Georgios Mavros">Georgios Mavros</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 1977–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Georgios Rallis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Georgios Rallis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a> 1981–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tzannis_Tzannetakis" title="Tzannis Tzannetakis">Tzannis Tzannetakis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Averoff" title="Evangelos Averoff">Evangelos Averoff</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_National_Defence_(Greece)" title="Minister for National Defence (Greece)">Minister for National Defence</a> 1981–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Charalambopoulos" title="Ioannis Charalambopoulos">Ioannis Charalambopoulos</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Vacant </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leader of the Opposition</a> 1990–1993 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Miltiadis Evert</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Konstantinos Mitsotakis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a> 1993–1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andreas_Papandreou" title="Template:Andreas Papandreou"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andreas_Papandreou" title="Template talk:Andreas Papandreou"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andreas_Papandreou" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andreas Papandreou"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Andreas_Papandreou" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andreas Papandreou</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Prime Minister of Greece</a> (1981–1989; 1993–1996)</li> <li>President of <a href="/wiki/PASOK" title="PASOK">PASOK</a> (1974–1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Union" title="Centre Union">Centre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PASOK" title="PASOK">PASOK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1974_Greek_legislative_election" title="1974 Greek legislative election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Greek_legislative_election" title="1977 Greek legislative election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Greek_legislative_election" title="1981 Greek legislative election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Greek_legislative_election" title="1985 Greek legislative election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1989_Greek_legislative_election" title="June 1989 Greek legislative election">June 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1989_Greek_legislative_election" title="November 1989 Greek legislative election">Nov. 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Greek_legislative_election" title="1990 Greek legislative election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Greek_legislative_election" title="1993 Greek legislative election">1993</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Persconferentie_van_Andreas_Papandreaou_in_Poort_van_Cleve_te_Amsterdam,_Bestanddeelnr_921-2805.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Papandreou"><img alt="Papandreou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Persconferentie_van_Andreas_Papandreaou_in_Poort_van_Cleve_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2805.jpg/100px-Persconferentie_van_Andreas_Papandreaou_in_Poort_van_Cleve_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2805.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Persconferentie_van_Andreas_Papandreaou_in_Poort_van_Cleve_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2805.jpg/150px-Persconferentie_van_Andreas_Papandreaou_in_Poort_van_Cleve_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Persconferentie_van_Andreas_Papandreaou_in_Poort_van_Cleve_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2805.jpg/200px-Persconferentie_van_Andreas_Papandreaou_in_Poort_van_Cleve_te_Amsterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_921-2805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2440" data-file-height="3699" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Mineyko" title="Zygmunt Mineyko">Zygmunt Mineyko</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">Georgios Papandreou</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Papandreou" title="Nikos Papandreou">Nikos Papandreou</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chant-Papandreou" title="Margaret Chant-Papandreou">Margaret Chant-Papandreou</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Liani" title="Dimitra Liani">Dimitra Liani</a> (third wife)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">Local governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_of_August_Regime" title="4th of August Regime">4th of August Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Union" title="Centre Union">Centre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relentless_Struggle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relentless Struggle (page does not exist)">Relentless Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostasia_of_1965" title="Apostasia of 1965">ASPIDA case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostasia_of_1965" title="Apostasia of 1965">Apostasia of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta">Greek military junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Declaration_of_3_September&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Declaration of 3 September (page does not exist)">Declaration of 3 September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Aegean_crisis" title="1987 Aegean crisis">1987 Aegean crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Crete_(1980%E2%80%931999)" title="Bank of Crete (1980–1999)">Koskotas scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">Interim accord with F.Y.R.O.M.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Establishments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Liberation_Movement" title="Panhellenic Liberation Movement">Panhellenic Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Monotonic orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">Civil marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Greece)" title="Ministry of Health (Greece)">Ministry of Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_the_Aegean" title="Ministry for the Aegean">Ministry for the Aegean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Police" title="Hellenic Police">Hellenic Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Council_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Defence" title="Government Council for Foreign Affairs and Defence">KYSEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Greece)" title="National Guard (Greece)">National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greek Resistance recognition</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Greece)" title="National Liberation Front (Greece)">EAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Greek genocide recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_Civil_Personnel_Selection" title="Supreme Council for Civil Personnel Selection">ASEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERT3" title="ERT3">ERT3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Peponis" title="Anastasios Peponis">Anastasios Peponis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karolos_Papoulias" title="Karolos Papoulias">Karolos Papoulias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melina_Mercouri" title="Melina Mercouri">Melina Mercouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasso_Papandreou" title="Vasso Papandreou">Vasso Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Tritsis" title="Antonis Tritsis">Antonis Tritsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giannos_Kranidiotis" title="Giannos Kranidiotis">Giannos Kranidiotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Gennimatas" title="Georgios Gennimatas">Georgios Gennimatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Dimokratia_sto_apospasma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I Dimokratia sto apospasma (page does not exist)">I Dimokratia sto apospasma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Papandreou_airbase" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Papandreou airbase">Andreas Papandreou airbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri_Indoor_Hall_Andreas_Papandreou" title="Peristeri Indoor Hall Andreas Papandreou">Peristeri Indoor Hall Andreas Papandreou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_government_of_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ccddcc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_government_of_Greece" title="Template:Heads of government of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_government_of_Greece" title="Template talk:Heads of government of Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_government_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of government of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Greece" title="List of prime ministers of Greece">Heads of government of Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Hellenic_Republic" title="First Hellenic Republic">First Hellenic Republic</a> (1822–1832)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobey_Mavromichalis" title="Petrobey Mavromichalis">P. Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kountouriotis" title="Georgios Kountouriotis">Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Zaimis" title="Andreas Zaimis">And. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">I. Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinos_Kapodistrias" title="Augustinos Kapodistrias">A. Kapodistrias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a>) (1833–1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Trikoupis" title="Spyridon Trikoupis">Sp. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kolettis" title="Ioannis Kolettis">Kolettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ludwig_von_Armansperg" title="Josef Ludwig von Armansperg">von Armansperg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_Rudhart" title="Ignaz von Rudhart">von Rudhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">King Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">King Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Metaxas" title="Andreas Metaxas">A. Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kolettis" title="Ioannis Kolettis">Kolettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsos_Tzavelas" title="Kitsos Tzavelas">Tzavelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kountouriotis" title="Georgios Kountouriotis">Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kriezis" title="Antonios Kriezis">Kriezis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Miaoulis" title="Athanasios Miaoulis">Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaios_Kolokotronis" title="Gennaios Kolokotronis">Kolokotronis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (Interregnum) (1862–1863)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Moraitinis" title="Aristeidis Moraitinis">Moraitinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinovios_Valvis" title="Zinovios Valvis">Z. Valvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomidis_Kyriakos" title="Diomidis Kyriakos">Kyriakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Roufos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a>) (1863–1924)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinovios_Valvis" title="Zinovios Valvis">Z. Valvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Roufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benizelos_Roufos" title="Benizelos Roufos">Roufos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Moraitinis" title="Aristeidis Moraitinis">Moraitinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Zaimis" title="Thrasyvoulos Zaimis">Thr. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Zaimis" title="Thrasyvoulos Zaimis">Thr. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Voulgaris" title="Dimitrios Voulgaris">D. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epameinondas_Deligeorgis" title="Epameinondas Deligeorgis">Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koumoundouros" title="Alexandros Koumoundouros">Koumoundouros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Valvis" title="Dimitrios Valvis">D. Valvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Konstantopoulos" title="Konstantinos Konstantopoulos">Konstantopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Sotiropoulos" title="Sotirios Sotiropoulos">Sotiropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Trikoupis" title="Charilaos Trikoupis">Ch. Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Deligiannis" title="Nikolaos Deligiannis">Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Diligiannis" title="Theodoros Diligiannis">Diligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" title="Georgios Theotokis">G. Theotokis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakoulis_Mavromichalis" title="Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis">K. Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Dragoumis" title="Stefanos Dragoumis">Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gounaris" title="Dimitrios Gounaris">Gounaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Skouloudis" title="Stefanos Skouloudis">Skouloudis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kalogeropoulos" title="Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos">Kalogeropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Lambros" title="Spyridon Lambros">Lambros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Rallis" title="Dimitrios Rallis">D. Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kalogeropoulos" title="Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos">Kalogeropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gounaris" title="Dimitrios Gounaris">Gounaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Stratos" title="Nikolaos Stratos">Stratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petros_Protopapadakis" title="Petros Protopapadakis">Protopapadakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Triantafyllakos" title="Nikolaos Triantafyllakos">Triantafyllakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Charalambis" title="Anastasios Charalambis">Charalambis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Krokidas" title="Sotirios Krokidas">Krokidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylianos_Gonatas" title="Stylianos Gonatas">Gonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kafantaris" title="Georgios Kafantaris">Kafantaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Hellenic_Republic" title="Second Hellenic Republic">Second Hellenic Republic</a> (1924–1935)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papanastasiou" title="Alexandros Papanastasiou">Papanastasiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themistoklis_Sofoulis" title="Themistoklis Sofoulis">Sofoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Michalakopoulos" title="Andreas Michalakopoulos">Michalakopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Pangalos_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoros Pangalos (general)">Pangalos</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Eftaxias" title="Athanasios Eftaxias">Eftaxias</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kondylis" title="Georgios Kondylis">Kondylis</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" title="Alexandros Zaimis">Al. Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papanastasiou" title="Alexandros Papanastasiou">Papanastasiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagis_Tsaldaris" title="Panagis Tsaldaris">P. Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" title="Eleftherios Venizelos">El. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Othonaios" title="Alexandros Othonaios">Othonaios</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagis_Tsaldaris" title="Panagis Tsaldaris">P. Tsaldaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Kingdom of Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Gl%C3%BCcksburg" title="House of Glücksburg">Glücksburg</a>) (1935–1973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kondylis" title="Georgios Kondylis">Kondylis</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Demertzis" title="Konstantinos Demertzis">Demertzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">I. Metaxas</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Koryzis" title="Alexandros Koryzis">Koryzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Tsouderos" title="Emmanouil Tsouderos">Tsouderos</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Tsolakoglou" title="Georgios Tsolakoglou">Tsolakoglou</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Logothetopoulos" title="Konstantinos Logothetopoulos">Logothetopoulos</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Rallis" title="Ioannis Rallis">I. Rallis</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evripidis_Bakirtzis" title="Evripidis Bakirtzis">Bakirtzis</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofoklis_Venizelos" title="Sofoklis Venizelos">S. Venizelos</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Svolos" title="Alexandros Svolos">Svolos</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petros_Voulgaris" title="Petros Voulgaris">P. Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaskinos_of_Athens" title="Damaskinos of Athens">Archbishop Damaskinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Kanellopoulos" title="Panagiotis Kanellopoulos">Kanellopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themistoklis_Sofoulis" title="Themistoklis Sofoulis">Sofoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Poulitsas" title="Panagiotis Poulitsas">Poulitsas</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsaldaris" title="Konstantinos Tsaldaris">K. Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Maximos" title="Dimitrios Maximos">Maximos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tsaldaris" title="Konstantinos Tsaldaris">K. Tsaldaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themistoklis_Sofoulis" title="Themistoklis Sofoulis">Sofoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markos_Vafeiadis" title="Markos Vafeiadis">Vafeiadis</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Partsalidis" title="Dimitrios Partsalidis">Partsalidis</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Diomidis" title="Alexandros Diomidis">Diomidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Theotokis" title="Ioannis Theotokis">I. Theotokis</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofoklis_Venizelos" title="Sofoklis Venizelos">S. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofoklis_Venizelos" title="Sofoklis Venizelos">S. Venizelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Plastiras" title="Nikolaos Plastiras">Plastiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kiousopoulos" title="Dimitrios Kiousopoulos">Kiousopoulos</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papagos" title="Alexandros Papagos">Papagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Georgakopoulos" title="Konstantinos Georgakopoulos">Georgakopoulos</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Dovas" title="Konstantinos Dovas">Dovas</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Pipinelis" title="Panagiotis Pipinelis">Pipinelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylianos_Mavromichalis" title="Stylianos Mavromichalis">Sty. Mavromichalis</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Paraskevopoulos" title="Ioannis Paraskevopoulos">Paraskevopoulos</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papandreou" title="Georgios Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Athanasiadis-Novas" title="Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas">Novas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Tsirimokos" title="Ilias Tsirimokos">Tsirimokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Stefanopoulos" title="Stefanos Stefanopoulos">Stefanopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Paraskevopoulos" title="Ioannis Paraskevopoulos">Paraskevopoulos</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Kanellopoulos" title="Panagiotis Kanellopoulos">Kanellopoulos</a>3</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Military Junta</a> (1967–1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Kollias" title="Constantine Kollias">Kollias</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Papadopoulos" title="Georgios Papadopoulos">Papadopoulos</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyros_Markezinis" title="Spyros Markezinis">Markezinis</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Androutsopoulos" title="Adamantios Androutsopoulos">Androutsopoulos</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ccddcc; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Hellenic_Republic" title="Third Hellenic Republic">Third Hellenic Republic</a> (since 1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Karamanlis" title="Konstantinos Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Sr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">G. Rallis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzannis_Tzannetakis" title="Tzannis Tzannetakis">Tzannetakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Grivas" title="Ioannis Grivas">Grivas</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon_Zolotas" title="Xenophon Zolotas">Zolotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Ko. Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Simitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis">K. Karamanlis (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">G. Papandreou (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Papademos" title="Lucas Papademos">Papademos</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Pikrammenos" title="Panagiotis Pikrammenos">Pikrammenos</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Samaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassiliki_Thanou-Christophilou" title="Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou">Thanou</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Ky. Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Sarmas" title="Ioannis Sarmas">Sarmas</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Ky. Mitsotakis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#ccddcc;"><div>1Head of military/dictatorial government. 2Head of rival government not controlling <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. 3Head of emergency or <a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government" title="Caretaker government">caretaker government</a>. 4Head of <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">collaborationist government</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation (1941–44)</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_European_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_European_Council" title="Template:Presidents of the European Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_European_Council" title="Template talk:Presidents of the European Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_European_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the European Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_European_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">Presidents of the</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman-in-Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman-in-Office">President-in-Office</a> (1975–2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Cosgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Thorn" title="Gaston Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tindemans" title="Leo Tindemans">Tindemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Jørgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt" title="Helmut Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch" title="Jack Lynch">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haughey" title="Charles Haughey">Haughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Werner" title="Pierre Werner">Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dries_van_Agt" title="Dries van Agt">Van Agt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anker_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Anker Jørgensen">Jørgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Schl%C3%BCter" title="Poul Schlüter">Schlüter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Santer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Lubbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Martens" title="Wilfried Martens">Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruud_Lubbers" title="Ruud Lubbers">Lubbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Cavaco_Silva" title="Aníbal Cavaco Silva">Cavaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen" title="Poul Nyrup Rasmussen">Nyrup Rasmussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Dehaene" title="Jean-Luc Dehaene">Dehaene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Kok" title="Wim Kok">Kok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Juncker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Klima" title="Viktor Klima">Klima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Schröder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paavo_Lipponen" title="Paavo Lipponen">Lipponen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">Guterres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Persson" title="Göran Persson">Persson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Verhofstadt" title="Guy Verhofstadt">Verhofstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">Aznar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Fogh_Rasmussen" title="Anders Fogh Rasmussen">Fogh Rasmussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Simitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende" title="Jan Peter Balkenende">Balkenende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Juncker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%BCssel" title="Wolfgang Schüssel">Schüssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matti_Vanhanen" title="Matti Vanhanen">Vanhanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%B3crates" title="José Sócrates">Sócrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Jan%C5%A1a" title="Janez Janša">Janša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirek_Topol%C3%A1nek" title="Mirek Topolánek">Topolánek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Fischer_(politician)" title="Jan Fischer (politician)">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Reinfeldt" title="Fredrik Reinfeldt">Reinfeldt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Permanent President (since 2009)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_Rompuy" title="Herman Van Rompuy">Van Rompuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Michel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_Third_Hellenic_Republic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ccddcc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_Greece" title="Template:Leaders of the Opposition of Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Opposition of Greece (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Opposition of Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_Third_Hellenic_Republic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Opposition (Greece)">Leaders of the Opposition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Hellenic_Republic" title="Third Hellenic Republic">Third Hellenic Republic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Mavros" title="Georgios Mavros">Mavros</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Rallis" title="Georgios Rallis">Rallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Averoff" title="Evangelos Averoff">Averoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Kon. Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mitsotakis" title="Konstantinos Mitsotakis">Kon. Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltiadis_Evert" title="Miltiadis Evert">Evert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis">Karamanlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">G. Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis" title="Kostas Karamanlis">Karamanlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Samaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Samaras" title="Antonis Samaras">Samaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangelis_Meimarakis" title="Vangelis Meimarakis">Meimarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Plakiotakis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioannis Plakiotakis">Plakiotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Kyr. Mitsotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Tsipras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokratis_Famellos" title="Sokratis Famellos">Famellos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_PASOK" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#008142;color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_PASOK" title="Template:Leaders of PASOK"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_PASOK" title="Template talk:Leaders of PASOK"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_PASOK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of PASOK"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_PASOK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of <a href="/wiki/PASOK" title="PASOK">PASOK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andreas Papandreou</a> (1974–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costas_Simitis" title="Costas Simitis">Costas Simitis</a> (1996–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Papandreou" title="George Papandreou">George Papandreou</a> (2004–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Venizelos" title="Evangelos Venizelos">Evangelos Venizelos</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fofi_Gennimata" title="Fofi Gennimata">Fofi Gennimata</a> (2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Androulakis" title="Nikos Androulakis">Nikos Androulakis</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialism_in_Greece" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_in_Greece" title="Template:Socialism in Greece"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_in_Greece" title="Template talk:Socialism in Greece"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_in_Greece" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism in Greece"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialism_in_Greece" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">Modern Greek Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers%27_Federation" title="Socialist Workers' Federation">Socialist Workers' Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Greece)" title="National Liberation Front (Greece)">National Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELAS" title="ELAS">Greek People's Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_People%27s_Liberation_Navy" title="Greek People's Liberation Navy">Greek People's Liberation Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Panhellenic_Organization_of_Youth" title="United Panhellenic Organization of Youth">United Panhellenic Organization of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Army_of_Greece" title="Democratic Army of Greece">Democratic Army of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Liberation_Movement" title="Panhellenic Liberation Movement">Panhellenic Liberation Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Greece" title="Socialist Party of Greece">Socialist Party of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Greece" title="Communist Party of Greece">Communist Party of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_and_Labour_Party" title="Agricultural and Labour Party">Agricultural and Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Party_of_Greece" title="Agrarian Party of Greece">Agrarian Party of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alignment_(2015)" title="Democratic Alignment (2015)">Democratic Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Left" title="United Democratic Left">United Democratic Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PASOK" title="PASOK">PASOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Socialist_Party_of_Greece" title="Fighting Socialist Party of Greece">Fighting Socialist Party of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Left" title="Greek Left">Greek Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Social_Movement" title="Democratic Social Movement">Democratic Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaspismos" title="Synaspismos">Coalition of Left Movements and Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Organization_of_Greece" title="Communist Organization of Greece">Communist Organization of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriza" title="Syriza">Coalition of the Radical Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinos_Antypas" title="Marinos Antypas">Marinos Antypas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Skliros" title="Georgios Skliros">Georgios Skliros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platon_Drakoulis" title="Platon Drakoulis">Platon Drakoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraam_Benaroya" title="Avraam Benaroya">Avraam Benaroya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Dragoumis" title="Ion Dragoumis">Ion Dragoumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandelis_Pouliopoulos" title="Pandelis Pouliopoulos">Pandelis Pouliopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Papanastasiou" title="Alexandros Papanastasiou">Alexandros Papanastasiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Ritsos" title="Yiannis Ritsos">Yiannis Ritsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Varnalis" title="Kostas Varnalis">Kostas Varnalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aris_Velouchiotis" title="Aris Velouchiotis">Aris Velouchiotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Sarafis" title="Stefanos Sarafis">Stefanos Sarafis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evripidis_Bakirtzis" title="Evripidis Bakirtzis">Evripidis Bakirtzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Glinos" title="Dimitris Glinos">Dimitris Glinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Svolos" title="Alexandros Svolos">Alexandros Svolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Zachariadis" title="Nikos Zachariadis">Nikos Zachariadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markos_Vafeiadis" title="Markos Vafeiadis">Markos Vafeiadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Tsirimokos" title="Ilias Tsirimokos">Ilias Tsirimokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilias_Iliou" title="Ilias Iliou">Ilias Iliou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Passalidis" title="Ioannis Passalidis">Ioannis Passalidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charilaos_Florakis" title="Charilaos Florakis">Charilaos Florakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Damanaki" title="Maria Damanaki">Maria Damanaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manolis_Glezos" title="Manolis Glezos">Manolis Glezos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andreas Papandreou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Tsipras" title="Alexis Tsipras">Alexis Tsipras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kileler_uprising" title="Kileler uprising">Kileler uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="Political Committee of National Liberation">Political Committee of National Liberation</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Greece)" title="National Council (Greece)">National Council</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Polytechnic_uprising" title="Athens Polytechnic uprising">Athens Polytechnic uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek">Demotic Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108879898">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36956756">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/17067/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmP4bJ77txPrFHdWQkv73">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119250543">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50050225">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12159119h">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12159119h">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36490552">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20211121078&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/222806">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p067512348">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90690071">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000035393">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=26976">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm135vg70dtlr2m">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812675259505606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277172705171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058612200706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14054712">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05862941?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1260214">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119250543.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119250543">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/135347874">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bp065j">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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