CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134adee0bfba042',cH: '51SQXk0_RTOCI21wSz_N7rrf5j4POtFR5BIqwkSyWy4-1739783794-1.2.1.1-3ei5qR1tpH6_g9KjazRYNL3XQHRZvBckH018qq1Q0.92crlNYPG2SiWn.IN7sFKR',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Benjamin%20Adjei%20%20%20Danquah&__cf_chl_tk=v_TriWYTQzz8ueKwDOdakqgLleEr2A5yHzH2mTYGX.Y-1739783794-1.0.1.1-J6Wfz2aqwBa.z69zuHcCFG92_ntLcvbxIpd9_cRfsMY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783794',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Benjamin%20Adjei%20%20%20Danquah&__cf_chl_f_tk=v_TriWYTQzz8ueKwDOdakqgLleEr2A5yHzH2mTYGX.Y-1739783794-1.0.1.1-J6Wfz2aqwBa.z69zuHcCFG92_ntLcvbxIpd9_cRfsMY",md: "u3croNhTD4H1DweGZq7E6gaVieTi6kyI5Jr8b0iyjWM-1739783794-1.2.1.1-3otSXqvbDASa7L5U4r1.S7ph5P7rlyefKw78SYW2f7lg1.9bx.5q4Hqngo9EbaUxlFZZhuqoski6ItMD_BOVwp40asz7RH0sp_qtpXs73U0n.iIFjIgLLvYSLYE9UEWyPXvu63ypLHub.Ao_OsFgySY.nSHJIG9ZsLq6ayHzqHlRt4WceWAf4Q5o8qCuwouwxpqOioEteXIu5CeUap6KxE3Jsu9VwbfV5F6kpaeb8yOJBBkUr1KC1hyaZ6dOFI4_VDQZKwBYRwFf9ANANJ23XBCyKoDQPzrQNhB8G5bpnBLJgDXXqN_wA_.I4QPJ7uMolyogkyxOCN1zEVQD4b9pQpW_PojQx.iD0FI9rMiVKqqVLpZKkpBac5LbtrRQLrP_y15Amha8CoAaTgH.gQm2Xq8AB6jPKr5GejyQGdODf.sOK7lCBHgzhYQbmTKOp876r65_raM62jhO2MAFB9A_HLrdWX5m73SlG48lpqc7vni3HLWagRO3GWaDfjy2.10zRhZzxBxKlLnlVnuZX1CUxL4hKGjhf8IAuwKqeLjcnlJd1JfrgbzJWMwnVosXhg1WmUkoiaBAe7ZFv8Bu.JwM2YzdwNarpe.RW2HF.sKQ2ocmaOeqZ0iUjggad4KW_gmsCjStq8WocltA9sm3hLdDPpDPkna_9oy15ql9iiXjuOqjg9nO4Oj1FvY5gbmt_db5It04G5yT6LzxV.waqfSgW4FFZ7PUJg5XhL6vItJLI.LKYrCmmwckeVRm16Chj3Rd1DDTE8avcIczzjR8NGT2TADCLfbJxhteko_niZsvcJYMTWmOJkNv0WSZ40yqtZCVuqlEVdpDjdIN24unWAPNk7ar45zBUzaU4kmgTvSI0ES_cjd7njebBNxJ8.6Bn8.oOw4KZgToeqa8uClRyLIgCZyVZv7jzNBXRrKQwCOhdZpDPCX9tNZRhzEHrMCSdXlbGNq2I.2tt.xM_jyYpS4lgSY0utzpEgkXE05j7nxIrwY2v4nXdKJ6m8g6QmfZ6kBM2X32RCxusHj_FMOn1qq84ySynNpjWUYQ7b8s4IPvNVxx7uMYMrmpKfq_erSwVkF2SN63Uz1AMD82KfjlLNjKJaCFoUeKo6OWjUrzTmJQ9Bf052fjm6XrSD2UfqgfOiolr_vb8ko6Q0XnZzMdytK670v5PL9FC3YSQosm9EgLtYxr2qMs4hnNZCozBO851J8WM7cRAicGm38NNIr.DqFsbvgblxiIM6g67yxTCJ0m4meXKu.FPGdDJVs31hbgk6vLBdS3hySyISVrmlpuKnvkkIftFGT5UjSRVyQSxyQpHupTqfARP_T5oqluU4gDoCqaCXZHcaWNPUQCYRTBWziCyVAdvDuLhHRvWHM6kZtpJhgSHF4ob9UeT3CA6W0WNlNwTq8JUFD6wYuBzfJ0oVX9l2c9SaI7pMphGwAD4bs.2isp9cjfPMLZzXWconUeLxSzmdFJa5prQcoXfxpQ.HEjZBzBDYQ0zEMd3yqinHAiMY4YA1HxG7kniWZvRaKzdv_w_4Ki3U32W3Pa2VtwzGoy27NTG.xSlcp2LCPYse5A7enF7ekhhDA6QL1Qw7t3NCnOd8xdZHCN1xtVXDLljWlICNvIuQdaGkO8tQ2NqLKkYWJB4WGbKlpUNE9ki8SCthDMOHs4tUdk3.frsNYbTEjmRy8BcvH5280oOncvvZjeBjwscJqIl2klWCdeS2W61JQ47OcCBUGtclrVlY.sGxzsFdnBXhcDSKzjI.o8.8OYmLvOKxn3dJsc9Epcmi649a3T2iv8fQzkq6bFaa9w61NJHWSH6QgOhc4JUxIerTsjMC1FxqsmEtgkdlcQfK5ZH62ztk91fqL0AsbTRBXRH9aaeUHDCVA3cwXd24K8FCO0.G9z44Jd33q9.tur2KAkILgPbCNR3MfANUBupP0ok.4.4OLvcK8iIGwT1yzDCzVrYdjFAqzGLHuHHPEYCprHI9bTB3Ti5X77gUBlg6Qp72OqqA",mdrd: "tmgJJHL_hhwdnIgLts6RSfBDhb23w3rcejgLGoMPpJw-1739783794-1.2.1.1-cs4GZHNP5NqdNfnuVDCrXaD6cUp4RBPbeL0BsNElN7zO.rf8atobkBN.XvmvlMo4yZ_wVSp5o4soOG92JdC_rRoSA6ptXtCs4D4un6hdS3.EhKflc.8dDgK4J1PUd._uGxLY0XyfmtyBesaQzeIV8mK.71K.71yOl9G2KCuxo9LpNKJK_j8Beppfb.FGG5YVIMwLNxu_oQTir1JEPz8VsHj7NuzJy8gwoiMeusvUmJTTigNIUwPx_Vs.XEsaWlxfPnlXFgqEYEg7l0zWb_ItqxsJUCsXgWi6Q7eroukpzCCbWJYh80.YCpPspdLg7IG8tD8S0Yu7X6zjeZcLshxk.Y3O0L_AY08eGd86L9.BVULEznabjAILeG.qw3QNnSPS4jc2wygndSslg6qTKJAb.e8ngTNkB5YxGKBZjaKnv8O_5rRFfZEKNS1HbP2MRogyvYvicgOo6bJqQI41r8B3aOH7._zpHiRnKztQW3vEaiGk6.2On98QU1EpVL70jIkO9kar2jpUjPV6HxIZZeH.Mi3m_ud31TntkFJd8jc5zXBjJZ2bTERRbeIigyYQUI6UuNPHit4BQrCPsLWyWQFcz1xj0QrNztT3B2gJpkbKcDmJ.dQIHy42grcqF6lMwegY80NDdqtl_qxXvBLizPGpXREt9NJ6DQL_VG0eQLxPduShmUYzaTlmZakoIbwxDNS_dL.uWvc8Ea4Sr0mP2lnIfSJvzyfNuXwl27Uke2ZfE4eWA3OAHGRwqqsiV_XnHPdjhSj7gCaBbjnQHaftvt1OFMGI38a87JC5gLp_0KUFzOF5d1sX.U_Gc3H4xmU2r34gZlMJAnhF2y05DrGTgCR_TslJ67LGDwaN.VPoQRns0Tt9BCq_K3TSiLRSjiZ2.V.p1murmu4io4G_KAUf4JlkEguTvmZdPcB.TJ7GNPgPuFPIt0up_v8gybGylxf9E75vrABP3JLRSqQ6I68lvhXwgQ__jruTCmgf4TiZA01ifkg00uWtOKP65nB0PDbikVGa_mfW6WCohivfZpcoIQkZmQ4ZOECAPW8Plafyhvd6INeO2iZvn46AI6aejoFCV8FhTWddL_en5UzzieFTErC7U.vPGyIhxqXeMMoRYNTyOUY0dF5v2NDw_d4wfaF0JLvJmn_VuJYag7HcBsoDOFY78smEeeLMW2Klh4922ogAhLlG7s9CVSd6F4DsAqKzTilMYBXwl0JG_05j0TG8FqvCrOvTsD6FztcJk_1vT66_PjhDU6fsoR2hqr.htAah3II1lkycPM67TqcrRWAxzx3f6RGewotRNeLi7QPwAqJ.YURUMKsIhZq23_eQC2Oois_xAmD8PBQeHz2aXaBC4AlNeYDz7TkxM8aa4PnNFhghKszAOleTExUrjIeqd_WlZ8YbEMTYeGVrf8WODINkLOHutBv1KmCRcQTiLsYgEcaE.SAUnXDII.QZnV5TftO5gAVYtVIa4RLm3Y3.rTQTdXZ8d5QAiS81_WlS_oBfHEDKqlBUA7Ldb.ax9Y9GC4UwTPWbnX9mWNB_rQNwE9NYjTskjt2RJubL8foh.3gKBqL5FyjMZmJDOUJTPHvvjhDsy0ihYsauwXWX4ecl_i749ciPjV33lYaMflZcuyJAQwKpwMj.vDFQocmaY5.7a9qePf0IDJHnbFf8A5bmVcd4GJubaI9MVS_EvwOaOFevP865gkw3oxSyBpkYNd8IZeFiZSlv2eatauBHPsJ_CTJ9_KG3bn3YHGgkRu0mo_wPNF.1qo4ObOdIDrOnA9I2ev2dcD4Sf9SuERsQMVJjLlSM0ozfdkP_5YDQkFFNCt5qcT53UEWeBDovCddgU0Sqgk44iQAcI7zPMfqdZDdITC9H7U5IRBTnE2DnVakBPOOq91s76NHv8yoxgMCL9F_AoLuPch4_YnQNKreO3E_Cg5ziTfFPhWrqz1AUBdS8tL5Kms7R4q6mclAqWHqDbvVqOXVJx1gUd86sd92b3NRZfj31.SHYGA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134adee0bfba042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Benjamin%20Adjei%20%20%20Danquah&__cf_chl_rt_tk=v_TriWYTQzz8ueKwDOdakqgLleEr2A5yHzH2mTYGX.Y-1739783794-1.0.1.1-J6Wfz2aqwBa.z69zuHcCFG92_ntLcvbxIpd9_cRfsMY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>