CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914e2373fda3fda3',cH: '_vwXl1goB1GJ_i.vpi1TrNkF0bdxNPGs.cQDkBeELqw-1740050752-1.2.1.1-iXbLSvO4oyQnM532brxF1wDZucoXQUjraBIMc_Kdh.V1Q3MgpZds2J6L_uJGCyQE',cUPMDTk: "\/10009062\/json?__cf_chl_tk=J_GHsXR_QsfAsW_Kz7QSAx8cQOr7HtUohoHpjvm4mvQ-1740050752-1.0.1.1-0m8c.V6VTH29KlDfXj.tx4vojX81dALqLJMsCi.MP_g",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740050752',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/10009062\/json?__cf_chl_f_tk=J_GHsXR_QsfAsW_Kz7QSAx8cQOr7HtUohoHpjvm4mvQ-1740050752-1.0.1.1-0m8c.V6VTH29KlDfXj.tx4vojX81dALqLJMsCi.MP_g",md: "BZzTS3nDbZzZ2WHmcoT7WvyfmDzqZqzzkyCqwLdnNaQ-1740050752-1.2.1.1-Engj0oQFHTex6w43Abetgd7jeutTfR_KQFJZ31grOEDhq8dfm8qLFDNdasoip.SmElzroozYSasNTNXfGrqngCb0U49DPLYJxnXWI8kt0c_gNtFHpurShwVByziLJcYINliScGfDj5qsTtYZXPtZHEkL5LDVSTVpGpWo2Wo5UdtFAq_zFtoHjfiJTd1CM8f2PwVqJ4Z0y7Oe6no8M3ItYpMJlfyGC__wSGdd_KDNk72YxKxYLKL_cUQiEe7QR3ot0CJRjJ1fjePRqfpdREM2RDJ7J7uyU5DDMt3YL2gWdeWPR_AL8MPuO7kUjQHs4EsHlT8JR1fgIceVl95p8vkR3wCRlOaUrVUamaHO8tjG9nRNmuwl.xfbjKrUuaGz55w9xyB9VBeI1bV9.enqMvx6JsI2vTvGZxUph.RdZyqliUVgutd2E9ARCNGuAE59er8tscid5CMOrOgKX47OEx49S.KeRVs5oB86eE9_IuHFOcJte1zEjg0_iK_qGzw.AS9nLTAn46rB9FYqWdGPBbbHGKG8z43kmKRtdK4_bOJFApjwslwZ4tOHnZWFEU3MLpShKLw51YwK1Ztn5A3nUxt0HriI1TI9BCHT9HB5apYf52v1y7GyAkKvBBik67LYx5GiV5yMMTgCNogtQ8j7kE_o_4vpHtGb68lTLjXG.DQ5DzycjYU.EhoRhvNdrHel8c1ijvXvGCvp5xJQYFL84xxSoqgkS8mzzhL9IpH6H6tsTiRQRRjw9IBgELf612rZT2P5UFoFDDBQ7Rkzj1xhwDXg4wifwGhsaZdLVbeuZJCrhqOekwNHpmUGaQBr6apB5xYs6Nn2uuSTV.FiZJFE8OUhLalcBsf.WhlINmtt4zutGotrFrq9nzsujdp1LWsy83LyH7jlpr.IAIJf6EbpwJcX4feIHVBObpI_HRGkn4xhpNxxf0jx26mkrVrinfIbSXDub0GQwXGx4MQKRrvfQLvoYerUUXZ8x74RWhV_c4NwogCf7yh6OMXepq7sQ8Ae2HIUJsre7Xy91lbRmx1TlqFaygmrXAj4KptQlYZga9eO2X8SaFJXjwkr_ip38wnytSu87R173os1TLsHnmidF.HHxyMhCdZ6GepVWP2TdNawq7tGEALda5R12D.EZSKi1xImsW1hWOvU4jhhmCelUHjLPqh5B.Q_VbTOT.cAMnCE44yokikHuOWA5ksfXWBBIgKQtYz2Ua3m1yPaCziOkwCCWim8upxbGSSEjdOV8vU6FKMxTpwlFWs0d6xJnLsbMXkDBV2jZAJZzz9mTILs5eNO5zvlTEeJNIiX5byap3eVx5GHlGMoucol0ROXfCSGdiY_Uls1fYzfe_LkVcjeRQP6t5go7q8EyRArigt5Lw3FCr1HvZIL3UxkiYHyFd1BNZZDLs_fU0ZHEGvXrZwvfWMMzQkAV.iuqL1tcUBLHncHO379Ijn0P_S04thTG7vVz7eYsrXS03WhniFWwdG4iblag.hI7tB69REhTmo2rt26k3bfIQyWsAfZEGl8HcUzsDvAkA8J4_rHt1Bauvk5NpROE1rE5Dy96nA3XBOe2jTQ1N2eheONFiRH2hKAFKwFFaACzxhHhAbczXbPvm4.p9NVKVucb4BXqbLi7QhroBEqe7bSAwB86N6YBYDO6Lj_U7wX2yOzmVm0fmxo3lFIfV5H_BGfTNDc8G9WJsnQUDTA8lIuAbbQ8L.QBObExPtqUoM4izzhFUHscDerHHENIiZAMU_3QUPsgLBfNcUVLByQXIg3CPV7ZqYLE9HJVbYk.W4g5wBlFIzAixCkwHEgTtuHiFcki3dDmg_T1KTSpcyNEpIVvkLo92LpjZnMOLhWKMnjpmPRN.f4PWQ.35ZcfLUgpamlBnE_4y4aWLA_EVi0Brs",mdrd: "k6r.bjrb9xrnSI3ZFEH.EsD4vI1JJV3NMNUKvQXHnQU-1740050752-1.2.1.1-TRvti01Hn3a7AqSbRdkFiKla2OpBkNTAwD2uf18BPTPmNFnlqY_Iu919AXuBxH4_wUhHPvwNI5HMjg9InB3CAPEPpCfzFmgPC09XV5MIXa3ZcszHELAe4EJ20FjE1rNup87NMgnGvdemATLlUVxYk.KlpK0tzf7kbMQM4fwibHJKWEx3Ea_DKPjIcNldK6YeieyblxOOyLFM9cXaovitF.hC9Q9q1uip2JRiJa9RAlBLd3MPtOUl5vrDtNsfkA8G3ZWtBj38adnNkLStTHIvxQPJ2hg2CE2vm1XG2qgp2236JPfTrCDP_PPxT2dQasJ.ad27c9rCwznRnXNCrXZXIwcdd2t1HpQ2xyv4RKIAHqNYjRzHqUxfGRrz1tr915b1K4Z61PHnL1VK3j2QBSyPXvJKQ36mZMFByPygq7ItudLhqFMpqidjTmU0xRY.MmAajnNeSF4vXVIGfypiLDdHF0TGSC75G2kEhWuBUs5u9zbGJ7JYhWQ.c.pm3XYX_3_jhIMfc2PR52bUNS74zvYyhecD8i0TKj.mQh_Uhh6hh6T9s1FC2cqlvvoMHBGInZt5Lq6bcgNAnypOJbRkgnrAieXC.dIpt7ZfjQBcKhsRG1OmVDn_aDo7f7Q5qMVRaWEBI6pGv1yCCKQYtqNLWxhrvzR0L6ayx2aHa8kHpG2dXzlKYxVnnwtMwXBfCtGuQD5zDdkr6pK00xslV0TfAr9evoBYvNzyBKT4SHu690nzFkSfPmEmeRUd3Jil0GLOA2R.l.uJgnAHi7Ypah6O.avJNQDcXwk4Zu.anF3hdti3UJJgHGZqUBrP8ew__4K9r9i09W.oJD1l0EOAs0jCwUrEfU20Gff7fAAppWiaLzG69IFRjM30DqDhLS6eIHoctUtgxk_96hmm3RZYh4CndLtGwISqzfj7ATB5w8wExzgkWYA9T5NgqE792uNmnUFdweo5yq3EptYBjdw8j8aFtAzi0sxA2J6x9EZ4Ja0rUQ2IHVT2hoOcEaqCTsEFzTMwyY.jktRHUukdtC5_DfyHtopFLiFpoRaxZHExDIRMLVDUNfJuDgocG9dRFXgbzn2D.QgW1YOPyap9lTmoOigGXyItHE4Ybd8dMiOHkwIUzITW.nzAzOdqvhaoRqdju6sBCZjX8.HA43kncbLYdkbkK6eaOI7W0EjnUA1ZM2MNh3A2hjQ30.XuurOvgmZH0PGf.ZuYx09EGiZ3PhIwa6G9jLHB.m0vnHuj5GdPggk7g8rxyubVBztUq0gduDl_.jHrk2ZISK6Tcqzx0Ggc9ojxJgRbPgNlVL7qhTC7farCBhp8s3lZdTiqnQJQLP_A9BMoUNgwewfr5WfyDCz.0OwLip5gvDVjKGyBFWszvKd7AB9T3LcUQC4lS.gXp8tbpSLfkOVo1d3z0dkhKc4y6wb0VhLHalakPbUriTr1tY72MKyxkefv3o4c6BXacWbT1w587ma_X4OEx2KKacdFhd6.MXLfpJMJDzaO6pSZaDfFpasTRn0wwvrz4dei1s8yq4nn0stq3zRT_K8uiVRWkky9K72yCKR_jMOuW8HdLEwU6Jj0H.sdOnIwnUnIwl8iYtcyGhmE9ps5zcjUSZxcWw0dm4foNuUP.c_d_IubiQDhkHvAuaQ.anwCBjT4bGWapoMAEhbaleY6.Zmo5WDr6JSrgvtPaj.FX504oMtZz8nkxVUb.TJWE3ozfQZ1.6zB6QoRnFvA.CaHkIXpvzl16ZlUK.w09DF2k9aGXr_kr5cAakhZGhAZ3kLlPu5A769bGgkbgAcEl7g1RU1wq5rb9Hd.WL3.mkzU3.kFD_8jl0ftbUC6XePfoFoJmwN6BjDCtAnILc_SHnvaaPMSvvbsTvXZDWqAejcEJPlSQDYEKPG.KlBhWfux_G0KtQJQyfVuLtKffLU.zGdeBA.ogUAhs_hwbNM.5VeTL7Bx9fuJo6lPanL6TjfrO.gZVITijYBEUwMylGcd"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914e2373fda3fda3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10009062\/json?__cf_chl_rt_tk=J_GHsXR_QsfAsW_Kz7QSAx8cQOr7HtUohoHpjvm4mvQ-1740050752-1.0.1.1-0m8c.V6VTH29KlDfXj.tx4vojX81dALqLJMsCi.MP_g" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>