Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"NRJS-db714826d6dc6f30ac6",applicationID:"439323269"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="Cookiebot" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="7439002e-4a7e-4422-bda9-d575b2a8d8ce" async="async" data-culture="en"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];</script> <meta name="description" content="The Doctoral Programme in Engineering consists of seven research fields including spatial planning and transportation engineering; real estate economics; geoinformatics; civil engineering, water and environmental engineering; mechanical engineering; and energy technology. Doctoral studies are available at all the departments of the School of Engineering: the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Department of Civil Engineering, and the Department of Built Environment." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.aalto.fi/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.aalto.fi/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering | Aalto University" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Doctoral Programme in Engineering consists of seven research fields including spatial planning and transportation engineering; real estate economics; geoinformatics; civil engineering, water and environmental engineering; mechanical engineering; and energy technology. Doctoral studies are available at all the departments of the School of Engineering: the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Department of Civil Engineering, and the Department of Built Environment." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.aalto.fi/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_91_1200w_630h_n/public/2020-01/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc4623_web_1.jpg?h=ca5d94f6&itok=fp37sAES" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2019-12-16T20:10:00+02:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Doctoral Programme in Engineering consists of seven research fields including spatial planning and transportation engineering; real estate economics; geoinformatics; civil engineering, water and environmental engineering; mechanical engineering; and energy technology. Doctoral studies are available at all the departments of the School of Engineering: the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Department of Civil Engineering, and the Department of Built Environment." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AaltoUniversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering | Aalto University" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.aalto.fi/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.aalto.fi/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_91_1200w_630h_n/public/2020-01/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc4623_web_1.jpg?h=ca5d94f6&itok=fp37sAES" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="630" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.aalto.fi/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fi" href="https://www.aalto.fi/fi/koulutustarjonta/insinooritieteiden-tohtoriohjelma" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="https://www.aalto.fi/sv/utbildningsutbud/doktorandprogrammet-i-ingenjorsvetenskaper" /> <title>Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering | Aalto University</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/favicon-32x32.png"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/favicon-16x16.png"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/site.webmanifest"/> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5e9bce"/> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/css/css_uAEetioEXD8bgUSCHtPSdrrQyw1YdZWEn_JRTGysJYQ.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJxVzGEKwzAIBeAL2XqkYKxds2YxqIHt9oOu3dgfee_jIavuRRJrC2mRclXexZAPnk6eTgZ_ecgDM7kAUQ1Nx10L_jVgNcHFRqc6052e8PmXNfCboJPRzahvfk1_Mo_WR67FN1nef5g_9w" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/css/css_Gc0rUGx0ktqfxYWkVZawgesnZ7BgwQa84zHc3PjS8kI.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJxVzGEKwzAIBeAL2XqkYKxds2YxqIHt9oOu3dgfee_jIavuRRJrC2mRclXexZAPnk6eTgZ_ecgDM7kAUQ1Nx10L_jVgNcHFRqc6052e8PmXNfCboJPRzahvfk1_Mo_WR67FN1nef5g_9w" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"en\/","currentPath":"node\/174391","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en","contentHome":{"url":"\/en\/study-options","title":"Study options"},"themeUrl":"\/themes\/custom\/aalto_aaltofi"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_environment":false},"tagIds":["GTM-N6WP2H"]},"gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx1kWtywyAMhC-EzZEY8TBWDIiCSOvbF8dMkibpH6H9dmHECCAwKTjqghKelRjKRkyqMQbkXX5gI6ehumF_NTRbdVDM-m5WbnZXkSyEd5MpJ7g-c4zgnSJ9cYbVgjw8Q7Sh60eqLrH8BEfSAkOA3RV574bTo4kYFzTASEm-6JEKkHw7ZqjfyGbt7_zDR_7anCwQLYjHONzHUTqQ2fr1E08DTwOPtCaW9054Ih-cYvDS9_KqZ7jAz18YRYYCvkBeq7SlZQjzg8wt5aYD1tVZka0-vzLd9jWdC5MLEfdx6l7ZRXns4BfZJ9fF","theme":"aalto_aaltofi","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"form_action_p_pvdeGsVG5zNF_XLGPTvYSKCf43t8qZYSwcfZl2uzM":true},"aaltoDataLayer":{"aalto_datalayer":{"contType":"study_option","contLang":"en","contHome":"Study options","contRestriction":"public","contPublished":"14.01.2020"}},"aalto_datalayer_user_metadata_path":"https:\/\/user-metadata.aalto.workers.dev\/","aaltoIENotification":{"notification_text":{"value":"\u003Ch2\u003EOutdated brower detected\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOur system has detected that you are using Internet Explorer or another outdated browser. You can continue to use the site however, we cannot guarantee that the site will work as intended. We recommend that you switch to the supported browser such as Firefox, Chrome, Edge or Safari for a better experience.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"rich_text"},"notification_button":"I am fully aware of this","banner_text":{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIf you continue to use Internet Explorer the site may not work as intended.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"simple_text"},"cookie_name":"aalto_ie_notification","cookie_expiry_days":7},"site":{"enabledLanguages":["fi","sv","en"]},"aaltoEnv":"live","cookieContentBlocker":{"consentAwareness":{"accepted":{"event":{"name":"cookiebotConsentAcceptPreferences","selector":"window"},"cookie":{"operator":"===","name":"cookiebot-consent--preferences","value":"1"}},"declined":{"event":{"name":"cookiebotConsentDeclinePreferences","selector":"window"},"cookie":{"operator":"===","name":"cookiebot-consent--preferences","value":"0"}},"change":{"event":{"name":"","selector":""}}},"categories":[]},"cookiebot":{"message_placeholder_cookieconsent_optout_marketing_show":false,"message_placeholder_cookieconsent_optout_marketing":"\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookiebot cookieconsent-optout-marketing\u0022\u003E\n\t\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cookieconsent-optout-marketing__inner\u0022\u003E\n\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\u0022aalto-user-generated-content\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPlease \u003Ca href=\u0022!cookiebot_renew\u0022\u003Eaccept marketing-cookies\u003C\/a\u003E to view this embedded content from \u003Ca href=\u0022!cookiebot_from_src_url\u0022\u003E!cookiebot_from_src_url\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\t\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"languageSwitcher":{"modalContent":[]},"pdbVue":{"developmentMode":false},"aalto_authenticated":false,"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"b85d72e4199f75b27ac18b8fe5506e6ab0a74ba835cdd0cff522b3f1c632d78e"}}</script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_DfCkfMOQ7GD_oBJrEg5kf3Q72Pc__euBJrpAIsGwbAs.js?scope=header&delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1FywyAMRC9kV0di1oCJYkCpEWl9-7qBcZu4_dHsPo12tEBUMXCJs6nKkXUjnNnQmIMiYvMrHapv2JssyjNbKEumFz9YkWVnVrL6rGaKYpc9puGx47HjnjmheOKE4I1MV2_VzKx995gz05MbgkiI3igCBU3PFuHVv-GKz57381_ZH6G_YO8widKh-nVEDvX7z_LBai97sX_472ZNFq1uM0kc4nBzU6Pje2W7jMVjtReaRfQ4vVdPK5LDOUrllnE_80dYy_oCk83C9g"></script> </head> <body class="node--type-study-option node--174391"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N6WP2H" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div class="layout-container"> <header id="header" role="banner" class="header--with-top-nav"> <a href="#main-content" class="aalto-skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="black-overlay"></div> <div class="block block-topnav navigation aalto-header"> <div id="top-nav-sticky-header" class="aalto-header__fixed-container aalto-header__floating-notifications aalto-header--at-top"> <div class="aalto-header__container"> <div class="aalto-header__logo-container"> <a href="/en" class="aalto-header__logo-link" title=Home aria-label=Home rel="home"> <svg class="aalto-header__logo aalto-logo" viewBox="0 0 143 101" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_base/images/aalto_logo.svg#logo"/> </svg> </a> </div> <nav class="aalto-topnav" id="aalto-topnav" aria-labelledby="aalto-topnav-button-text"> <ul class="aalto-topnav__navigation-items aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-topnav__apply"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-form"/> </svg> Apply to Aalto </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__support"> <a href="/en/makewaves" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-heart"/> </svg> Support us </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__break"></li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language"> <div class="aalto-dropdown-container js-menu-container aalto-dropdown-container--toggle-hidden-header-mobile aalto-dropdown-container--language"> <button type="button" aria-expanded="false" class="js-menu-toggle aalto-dropdown__toggle aalto-dropdown__toggle--with_chevron"><span class="aalto-dropdown__toggle-custom-icon"><svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-globe_v2"/></svg></span><span class="aalto-visually-hidden"><span lang="fi">Valitse sivuston kieli</span> / <span lang="sv">Välj webbplatsens språk</span> / <span lang="en">Select site language</span></span><span class="aalto-dropdown__toggle-text " aria-hidden="true">EN</span></button><ul class="aalto-list-unstyled aalto-dropdown__menu"><li><a href="/fi/koulutustarjonta/insinooritieteiden-tohtoriohjelma" class="aalto-dropdown__link" lang="fi"><abbr title="Suomeksi">FI</abbr><span>Suomeksi</span></a></li><li><a href="/sv/utbildningsutbud/doktorandprogrammet-i-ingenjorsvetenskaper" class="aalto-dropdown__link" lang="sv"><abbr title="Svenska">SV</abbr><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li><a href="/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" class="aalto-dropdown__link" aria-current="true" lang="en"><abbr title="English">EN</abbr><span>English</span></a></li></ul></div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__search"> <div id="aalto-search-button-container"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-search__toggle-button" id="aalto-search-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Search"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-magnifier_lens"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-search-button__label">Search</span> </button> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__user"> <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-topnav__button topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-arrow_login"/> </svg> Log in </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__menu-items" id="aalto-topnav-items-container"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__button" id="aalto-topnav-button" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-expand"> <svg class="aalto-topnav__button-icon aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-menu_burger"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-text" id="aalto-topnav-button-text">Menu</span> </span> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-collapse"> <svg class="aalto-topnav__button-icon aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-close"/> </svg> <span class="aalto-topnav__button-text">Close menu</span> </span> </button> <div class="aalto-topnav__items" id="aalto-topnav__items"> <ul class="aalto-topnav__item-container aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <a href="/en/student-guide" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-topnav__action--desktop topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-level"/> </svg> <span>Student Guide</span> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <a href="/en/for-personnel" class="aalto-topnav__button aalto-topnav__action--desktop topnav-identifier--link-with-icon"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-lock_closed"/> </svg> <span>For personnel</span> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-request aalto-topnav__action-item--desktop"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-info"/> </svg> <span>Aalto community members please <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-topnav__action-request--link aalto-topnav__action--desktop" tabindex="-1">log in</a> to see internal content</span> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Admissions and studies </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Apply to Aalto </a> <a href="/en/study-options" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Find a study programme </a> <a href="/en/admissions" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> How to apply </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/scholarships-and-tuition-fees" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Scholarships and tuition fees </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/applying-to-bachelors-programmes" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Bachelor's admissions </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/applying-to-masters-programmes" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Master's admissions </a> <a href="/en/doctoral-education/how-to-apply-for-doctoral-studies" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Doctoral admissions </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/studying-at-the-aalto-campus" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Campus life </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/fairs-and-events-for-applicants" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Events for applicants </a> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto/chat-with-aalto-students" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chat with students </a> <a href="https://aaltouniversity.leadfamly.com/sign-up-for-our-newsletter" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Subscribe to newsletter<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/admission-services/contact-information-for-aalto-university-admission-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Contact admission services </a> <a href="/en/lifewide-learning" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Lifewide Learning </a> <a href="/en/international-students/incoming-exchange-students" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Exchange students </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Research and art </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/research-art" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> About our research and art </a> <a href="/en/tenure-track" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Tenure track career system </a> <a href="/en/doctoral-education" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Doctoral education </a> <a href="/en/research-and-learning-infrastructures" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research and learning infrastructures </a> <a href="https://research.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research portal research.aalto.fi<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/rankings" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Rankings </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Schools and departments </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Schools</span> <a href="/en/school-of-arts-design-and-architecture" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Arts, Design and Architecture </a> <a href="/en/school-of-business" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Business </a> <a href="/en/school-of-chemical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Chemical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-electrical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Electrical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Engineering </a> <a href="/en/school-of-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> School of Science </a> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Departments</span> <a href="/en/department-of-accounting-business-law" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Accounting & Business Law </a> <a href="/en/department-of-applied-physics" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Applied Physics </a> <a href="/en/department-of-architecture" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Architecture </a> <a href="/en/department-of-art-and-media" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Art and Media </a> <a href="/en/department-of-bioproducts-and-biosystems" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Bioproducts and Biosystems </a> <a href="/en/department-of-built-environment" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Built Environment </a> <a href="/en/department-of-chemical-and-metallurgical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-chemistry-and-materials-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Chemistry and Materials Science </a> <a href="/en/department-of-civil-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Civil Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-computer-science" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Computer Science </a> <a href="/en/department-of-design" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Design </a> <a href="/en/department-of-economics" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Economics </a> <a href="/en/department-of-electrical-engineering-and-automation" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Electrical Engineering and Automation </a> <a href="/en/department-of-electronics-and-nanoengineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Electronics and Nanoengineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-film-elo" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Film, Television and Scenography </a> <a href="/en/department-of-finance" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Finance </a> <a href="/en/department-of-industrial-engineering-and-management" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Industrial Engineering and Management </a> <a href="/en/department-of-information-and-communications-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Information and Communications Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-information-and-service-management" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Information and Service Management </a> <a href="/en/department-of-management-studies" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Management Studies </a> <a href="/en/department-of-marketing" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Marketing </a> <a href="/en/department-of-mathematics-and-systems-analysis" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Mathematics and Systems Analysis </a> <a href="/en/department-of-energy-and-mechanical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Energy and Mechanical Engineering </a> <a href="/en/department-of-neuroscience-and-biomedical-engineering" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Collaboration </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Collaborate with us </a> <a href="/en/for-alumni" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> For alumni </a> <a href="/en/corporate-collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Corporate collaboration </a> <a href="/en/aalto-networking-platform" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto networking platform </a> <a href="/en/advancing-entrepreneurship-and-innovations" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Entrepreneurship and innovations </a> <a href="/en/collaboration/international-academic-collaboration" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> International collaboration </a> <a href="/en/collaboration/collaboration-with-cities-and-regions" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Collaboration with cities and regions </a> <a href="/en/give-for-the-future" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Support us </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> News and events </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/news-and-events" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Highlights </a> <a href="/en/news" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> News </a> <a href="/en/events" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Events </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/aalto-university-magazine" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto University Magazine </a> <a href="https://ourblogs.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> OurBlogs<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/podcasts" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Podcasts </a> <a href="/en/for-the-media" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> For the media </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> About us </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/aalto-university" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> About Aalto University </a> <a href="/en/strategy" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Our strategy </a> <a href="/en/sustainability" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Sustainability </a> <a href="/en/aalto-university/code-of-conduct-values-into-practice" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Code of Conduct </a> <a href="/en/aalto-handbook" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto Handbook </a> <a href="/en/campus" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Campus </a> <a href="/en/people" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> People and contact information </a> <a href="/en/careers-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Careers </a> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__navigation-item"> <div class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="aalto-topnav__navigation-heading accordion__title is-collapsed" aria-expanded="false"> Tools and services </button> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu accordion__content is-collapsed"> <a href="/en/services/quicklinks-to-tools" highlight="1" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-highlighted aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> All tools (requires login) </a> <a href="/en/services" highlight="1" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-highlighted aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> All services </a> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Most used tools</span> <a href="https://ada.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Ada<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://booking.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Asio (booking.aalto.fi)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://halli.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Halli<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www-sanakirja-fi.libproxy.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MOT Kielipalvelu (language service)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://neo.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Neo<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="/en/people" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> People hub </a> <a href="http://phonebook.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Phone book<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://reportfinder.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> PowerBI report finder<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://report.aalto.fi/qlikview/login.htm?_ga=2.168724130.2086739987.1546842233-124934716.1526555948" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Qlikview<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://aalto.rondoservice.fi/dcv-gui/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> DataCycle360 (Rondo)<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.tiima.com/cognito/aalto" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Tiima<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://outlook.office.com/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Webmail<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="http://survey.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Webropol<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://wd3.myworkday.com/aalto/d/home.htmld" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Workday<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Most used services</span> <a href="/en/services/hr-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> HR services </a> <a href="/en/it-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> IT Services </a> <a href="/en/services/learning-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Learning services </a> <a href="/en/learning-centre" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Library - Learning Centre </a> <a href="/en/services/occupational-health-care" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Occupational health </a> <a href="/en/services/printing-at-aalto-university" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Printing </a> <a href="/en/services/research-and-innovation-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Research and innovation services </a> <a href="/en/teaching-and-learning" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Teaching and learning services </a> <a href="/en/services/travel-services" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Travel services </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">For students</span> <a href="https://sisu.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Sisu<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://mycourses.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MyCourses<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://mystudies.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> MyStudies<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://courses.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Browse all courses<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Other</span> <a href="/en/services/aalto-space-mobile-application" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto Space </a> <a href="https://shop.aalto.fi/" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Aalto University Shop<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://brand.aalto.fi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Brand library and design system<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> <a href="https://www.lounaat.info/otaniemi" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Lunch menus<svg class="aalto-inline-icon magazine__link-external-link" aria-label="(external link)"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-external_link"/></svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-topnav__submenu-group"> <span class="aalto-topnav__submenu-heading">Safety and emergencies</span> <a href="/en/security" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Emergencies </a> <a href="/en/services/incident-report" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Incident report </a> <a href="/en/cyber-security" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Cyber Security </a> <a href="/en/cyber-security/report-an-information-security-incident" class="aalto-topnav__submenu-link aalto-topnav__submenu-link-text" tabindex="-1" aria-current="false"> Cyber Security incident report </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-globe" /> </svg> <a href="/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" aria-current="true" lang="en"> <abbr title="English">EN</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/fi/koulutustarjonta/insinooritieteiden-tohtoriohjelma" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" lang="fi"> <abbr title="Suomeksi">FI</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__language-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/sv/utbildningsutbud/doktorandprogrammet-i-ingenjorsvetenskaper" class="aalto-button aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1" lang="sv"> <abbr title="Svenska">SV</abbr> </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--first aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/study-at-aalto" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-form" /> </svg> Apply to Aalto </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/makewaves" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-heart"/> </svg> Support us </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/student-guide" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-level" /> </svg> Student Guide </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/for-personnel" class="aalto-topnav__action-item--link aalto-topnav__action--mobile topnav-identifier--link-with-icon" tabindex="-1"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-lock_closed"/> </svg> For personnel </a> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-request aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-info"/> </svg> <span>Aalto community members please log in to see internal content</span> </li> <li class="aalto-topnav__action-item aalto-topnav__action-item--mobile"> <a href="/en/saml_login" class="aalto-button aalto-button--primary aalto-topnav__action--mobile" tabindex="-1"> Log in </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div id="aalto-search"> <div class="aalto-search__container aalto-search__container--hidden" id="search-container"> <div class="aalto-search__header content-container"> <label class="aalto-search__label" for="aalto-search__input">Search</label> <button type="button" class="aalto-search__close" id="aalto-search-close" aria-label="Close search"> <svg class="aalto-inline-icon" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-close"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div id="aalto-quicksearch"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-search__overlay" id="aalto-search-overlay"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="top-nav-sticky-header-dummy"></div> </div> </header> <div class="layout-content "> <main> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="region region--content"> <div id="block-aalto-aaltofi-aaltoquicksearch" class="block block-pdb-vue block-vue-componentaalto-quick-search"> <div class="aalto-quick-search" id="aaceb49e-86a1-4234-b62c-d5f3a856aeef"><div id="aalto-quicksearch2"></div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-article "> <div class="article-container"> <form class="content-moderation-entity-moderation-form aalto-form" data-drupal-selector="content-moderation-entity-moderation-form" action="/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" method="post" id="content-moderation-entity-moderation-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <input data-drupal-selector="form-801p8sjqylbun7pelf9qwk4jyq0kp5le1jvji035wbe" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-801p8SjqylBuN7peLf9qwk4jYQ0kP5lE1JVJI035WBE" class="aalto-form__input aalto-form__hidden" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-content-moderation-entity-moderation-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="content_moderation_entity_moderation_form" class="aalto-form__input aalto-form__hidden" /> </form> </div> <div class="aalto-article__top-wrapper"> <div class="article-container aalto-article__top"> <div class="aalto-article__hub-text"> <a href="/en/study-options" hreflang="en">Study options</a> </div> <h1> Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering</h1> <div class="aalto-study__ingress"> The Doctoral Programme in Engineering consists of seven research fields including spatial planning and transportation engineering; real estate economics; geoinformatics; civil engineering, water and environmental engineering; mechanical engineering; and energy technology. Doctoral studies are available at all the departments of the School of Engineering: the Department of Mechanical Engineering, the Department of Civil Engineering, and the Department of Built Environment. </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-article__hero-wrap full-bleed-container full-bleed-container--hero"> <div class="aalto-article__hero-container aalto-article__hero-container--default"> <figure> <div class=""> <div class="media-with-caption__container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1040w_452h_n/public/2020-01/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc4623_web_1.jpg?h=ca5d94f6&itok=mjmncVjs 1040w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_1380w_600h_n/public/2020-01/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc4623_web_1.jpg?h=ca5d94f6&itok=Sl6llKXT 1380w" media="all and (min-width: 900px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 1540px) 1380px, (min-width: 900px) calc(100vw - 160px), calc(100vw - 160px)" width="1380" height="600"/> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_567w_354h_n/public/2020-01/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc4623_web_1.jpg?h=ca5d94f6&itok=zblTlni5 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_819w_512h_n/public/2020-01/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc4623_web_1.jpg?h=ca5d94f6&itok=f2dox9SS 819w" media="all and (max-width: 899px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 80px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="512"/> <img loading="eager" data-original-width="2499" data-original-height="1408" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/1_6_567w_354h_n/public/2020-01/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc4623_web_1.jpg?h=ca5d94f6&itok=zblTlni5" width="567" height="354" alt="Aalto ENG" /> </picture> </div> </div> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-container"> <div class="article-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-list aalto-study_feature-list"> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--degree"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Degree:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> Doctor of Science (Technology) </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--hourglass"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Application period:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> 15 Nov 2024 – 5 Dec 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--language"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Language of instruction:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> <div>Finnish</div> <div>English</div> <div>Swedish</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--calendar"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Duration:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> 4 years, full-time </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--tickets"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Eligibility:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> Relevant master’s degree awarded by a Finnish university or a Finnish university of applied sciences, or a corresponding degree completed abroad </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--field"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Field of study:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> Technology and Engineering </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--credits"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Credits:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__wrapper"> <div class="aalto-feature-item--image-container"> <div class="aalto-feature-item__image aalto-feature-item__image--school"></div> </div> <div class="aalto-feature-item--text-container"> <h3 class="aalto-feature-item__title">Organising school:</h3> <div class="aalto-feature-item__text"> School of Engineering </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-sticky-modal-area"> <div class="aalto-modal"> <div class="aalto-modal__container article-container"> <div class="aalto-modal__text-container aalto-modal__text-container--center"> <h2 class="aalto-modal__title" data-start-date="2024-11-15T06:00:00" data-end-date="2024-12-05T21:59:00" data-type="studyOption" data-url="https://opintopolku.fi/hakemus/haku/1.2.246.562.29.00000000000000053250?lang=en" data-cta-text="" data-degree-type="doctoral" data-custom-end-text="" data-non-sticky="0"></h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--manual-liftup-medium aalto-liftup-m " lang="en" style=""> <div class="component-container"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-content"> <h2 class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-title" id="liftup-title-id-199629160"> Choose doctoral studies at the School of Engineering </h2> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-body"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>The research at our school focuses on Arctic technology, sustainable built environments, mechanics and materials, multidisciplinary energy technologies and systems design and production.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-container"> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2020-09/Aino_M%C3%A4ntyranta_IMG_0830.JPG?h=a7e6d17b&itok=ymr5AZYa 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2020-09/Aino_M%C3%A4ntyranta_IMG_0830.JPG?h=a7e6d17b&itok=tDO8_cta 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2020-09/Aino_M%C3%A4ntyranta_IMG_0830.JPG?h=a7e6d17b&itok=hwmc5o0y 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2020-09/Aino_M%C3%A4ntyranta_IMG_0830.JPG?h=a7e6d17b&itok=RYB1P3o8 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="400" data-original-height="400" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2020-09/Aino_M%C3%A4ntyranta_IMG_0830.JPG?h=a7e6d17b&itok=ymr5AZYa" width="288" height="125" alt="Portrait of alumna Aino Mäntyranta" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/people/doctoral-student-aino-mantyranta-materials-stole-my-heart-during-my-undergraduate-degree" title="Doctoral student Aino Mäntyranta: Materials stole my heart during my undergraduate degree"> Doctoral student Aino Mäntyranta: Materials stole my heart during my undergraduate degree </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Aino Mäntyranta’s interest in engineering materials led her to win an award for her master’s thesis and to pursue a career in research.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">People</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=FzN5sZdt 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=khkdp6HG 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=PrhBTLuQ 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=cYNC7rEF 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Conferment_Ceremony_17-06-2022_by_Heli_Sorjonen_79.jpg?h=cb1263b9&itok=FzN5sZdt" width="288" height="125" alt="Two doctors raising their glasses to celebrate their promotion to doctors" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/doctoral-education/what-are-doctoral-studies-like" title="What are doctoral studies like?"> What are doctoral studies like? </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">As a doctoral student, you are part of an international academic community. The doctoral research and studies develop you into an expert of your research topic and build your professional capacity.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">Doctoral education</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_Low-Temperature_Lab_Quantum_Research_17-10-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=ujkPgggx 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_Low-Temperature_Lab_Quantum_Research_17-10-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=ZnDsm3RI 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_Low-Temperature_Lab_Quantum_Research_17-10-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=j26lNkum 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_Low-Temperature_Lab_Quantum_Research_17-10-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=mJUNnaiG 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="4000" data-original-height="2668" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/Aalto_University_Low-Temperature_Lab_Quantum_Research_17-10-2023_photo_by_Mikko_Raskinen_002.jpg?h=ac778ff2&itok=ujkPgggx" width="288" height="125" alt="A gold-plated cryostat sits half open with many cables coming out from the bottom." /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/doctoralpilot" title="Doctoral education pilot"> Doctoral education pilot </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">We are hiring 178 new doctoral researchers - get your doctorate from Aalto</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-text" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-text"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><h2>Your path to doctoral studies at the School of Engineering</h2> <ol> <li>You need to have a <strong>supervising professor</strong> who is willing to supervise your doctoral studies, and to ensure that your expertise and research interests align with those of the research group. There are <strong>several possibilities</strong> to accomplish this step:  <ul> <li>Apply for a salaried doctoral researcher position at Aalto. Salaried doctoral researcher positions are advertised at <a href="/en/node/14576">Aalto University Open positions</a>.</li> <li>If you are interested in <a href="/en/doctoral-education/beginning-your-doctoral-studies#14-full-time-and-part-time-studies">full-time studies</a> but there are no open positions at the moment, please directly contact a professor in charge of your intended research field to discuss the possible supervision of doctoral studies. Professors may also have information on other funding possibilities (such as grants), as well as on upcoming positions that are not yet announced.</li> <li>If you are employed elsewhere but wish to pursue doctoral studies, that is possible either as a <a href="/en/doctoral-education/beginning-your-doctoral-studies#14-full-time-and-part-time-studies">full-time or part-time student</a>, depending on your situation. In this case, please contact the potential supervising professor directly. Note that to pursue the degree, you need to reside in Finland at least part of the study time.</li> <li>It is also possible to start pursuing doctoral studies without funding (part-time doctoral studies). In this case, please contact the potential supervising professor directly. Note that to pursue the degree, you need to reside in Finland at least part of the study time. Non-Finnish citizens need therefore to take into account <a href="https://migri.fi/en/income-requirement" target="_blank">the income requirements</a> of the Finnish Immigration Service. </li> </ul> </li> <li>After agreeing with the supervising professor, apply for the <strong>study right </strong>(in addition to a possible working contract at Aalto) in our doctoral programme - see instructions below. Please note that you are not a doctoral student before you are officially admitted to the doctoral programme.</li> </ol> <p>Note: Before applying for the salaried positions and/or contacting the potential supervising professor(s), please <strong>check below the requirements and qualifications needed for applying for the study right</strong> in our doctoral programme.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-text" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-text"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><h2>Discover your research topic and find a supervising professor</h2> <p>Research activities at the departments are arranged under research groups. If your research interest aligns with one of the research groups, it will be easier to find a doctoral study place.</p> <p><a class="highlight" href="/en/node/194021">Find research groups under our Department pages </a></p> <p><a class="highlight" href="/en/node/1204246">Research fields and supervising professors in the School of Engineering</a></p> <p>In addition to the departments' and research groups' pages, you can use Aalto University's research portal for finding the professors who are researching the area in which you want to do your doctoral research. Before applying for doctoral studies you should be aware of the research done and researchers working in the field of your interest.</p> <p><a class="highlight" href="https://research.aalto.fi/">Aalto University's research portal for finding our researchers and research projects</a></p> <p><a class="highlight" href="/en/node/1010071">More information on discovering your research topic and finding a professor</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--manual-liftup-medium aalto-liftup-m " lang="en" style=""> <div class="component-container"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-content"> <h2 class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-title" id="liftup-title-id-255432976"> Get to know our research and people </h2> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-container"> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/IMG_4220.JPG?h=6f8e8448&itok=daAEYrBE 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-01/IMG_4220.JPG?h=6f8e8448&itok=VUpy6n3K 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-01/IMG_4220.JPG?h=6f8e8448&itok=uUWjVPXl 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-01/IMG_4220.JPG?h=6f8e8448&itok=-RfiJTsl 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="5616" data-original-height="3744" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/IMG_4220.JPG?h=6f8e8448&itok=daAEYrBE" width="288" height="125" alt="Vantaan Energian kaukolämpölaitos" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/district-heating-customers-and-companies-could-benefit-from-better-services" title="District heating customers and companies could benefit from better services "> District heating customers and companies could benefit from better services </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">District heat providers should do more to heed their customers' wishes, and both stand to gain.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2024-01-15T09:14:23+02:00">15.1.2024</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/Mashrura_Musharraf_02-11-2021_by_Jaakko_Kahilaniemi-2.jpg?h=3adf059b&itok=HoLwIRXk 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-01/Mashrura_Musharraf_02-11-2021_by_Jaakko_Kahilaniemi-2.jpg?h=3adf059b&itok=JdLgAX5s 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-01/Mashrura_Musharraf_02-11-2021_by_Jaakko_Kahilaniemi-2.jpg?h=3adf059b&itok=iO0UtSoC 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-01/Mashrura_Musharraf_02-11-2021_by_Jaakko_Kahilaniemi-2.jpg?h=3adf059b&itok=0ip4GWfN 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2823" data-original-height="1588" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-01/Mashrura_Musharraf_02-11-2021_by_Jaakko_Kahilaniemi-2.jpg?h=3adf059b&itok=HoLwIRXk" width="288" height="125" alt="Mashrura Musharraf, photo by by Jaakko Kahilaniemi" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/mashrura-musharraf-you-dont-get-to-see-a-lot-of-women-like-me-in-academic-leadership-positions" title="Mashrura Musharraf: You don’t get to see a lot of women like me in academic leadership positions"> Mashrura Musharraf: You don’t get to see a lot of women like me in academic leadership positions </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">'I think my shoes are quite unique, and so is my path. You don’t get to see a lot of women like me, a non-white female from Bangladesh, in academic leadership positions. Especially in a male-dominated field like marine technology.'</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2024-01-22T15:17:02+02:00">22.1.2024</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-03/Aalto_University_ENG_Environmental_Hydraulics_Lab_Water_Engineering_6-10-2016_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_035.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=uGd1pvjs 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2024-03/Aalto_University_ENG_Environmental_Hydraulics_Lab_Water_Engineering_6-10-2016_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_035.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=zoQcjRmr 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2024-03/Aalto_University_ENG_Environmental_Hydraulics_Lab_Water_Engineering_6-10-2016_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_035.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=vnaTjNKE 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2024-03/Aalto_University_ENG_Environmental_Hydraulics_Lab_Water_Engineering_6-10-2016_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_035.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=iIBoJSYE 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2500" data-original-height="1667" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2024-03/Aalto_University_ENG_Environmental_Hydraulics_Lab_Water_Engineering_6-10-2016_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_035.jpg?h=41f55a5b&itok=uGd1pvjs" width="288" height="125" alt="Picture of leaves in water." /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/graduate-sustainability-competencies-and-influence-in-the-workplace-aalto-universitys-latest" title="Graduate Sustainability Competencies and Influence in the Workplace – Aalto University's Latest Research"> Graduate Sustainability Competencies and Influence in the Workplace – Aalto University's Latest Research </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Aalto University's Meeri Karvinen successfully defends her doctoral dissertation, February 2024.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2024-03-27T06:30:39+02:00">27.3.2024</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Viitala_Raine_22_10_2020_by_KukkaMaria_Rosenlund_002.jpg?h=5aebd8a9&itok=zi1G6TuL 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Viitala_Raine_22_10_2020_by_KukkaMaria_Rosenlund_002.jpg?h=5aebd8a9&itok=DGQX4ssT 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Viitala_Raine_22_10_2020_by_KukkaMaria_Rosenlund_002.jpg?h=5aebd8a9&itok=SnQQjQla 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Viitala_Raine_22_10_2020_by_KukkaMaria_Rosenlund_002.jpg?h=5aebd8a9&itok=rflyQ3uL 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2048" data-original-height="1484" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-12/Aalto_University_Viitala_Raine_22_10_2020_by_KukkaMaria_Rosenlund_002.jpg?h=5aebd8a9&itok=zi1G6TuL" width="288" height="125" alt="Mies seisoo ja katsoo hymyillen kameraan." /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/raine-viitala-spotify-for-electric-motors-opens-up-platforms-for-device-designers" title="Raine Viitala: 'Spotify for electric motors' opens up platforms for device designers"> Raine Viitala: 'Spotify for electric motors' opens up platforms for device designers </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">A research team aims to make electricity and machines work better together</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2023-12-12T10:44:18+02:00">12.12.2023</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-10/Prof%20Junhe%20Lian%2004_Original.jpg?h=054d1be6&itok=tH0fAaqY 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2023-10/Prof%20Junhe%20Lian%2004_Original.jpg?h=054d1be6&itok=KbIVFMAP 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2023-10/Prof%20Junhe%20Lian%2004_Original.jpg?h=054d1be6&itok=eHuH8wix 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2023-10/Prof%20Junhe%20Lian%2004_Original.jpg?h=054d1be6&itok=V6Z0-gW3 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2362" data-original-height="3543" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2023-10/Prof%20Junhe%20Lian%2004_Original.jpg?h=054d1be6&itok=tH0fAaqY" width="288" height="125" alt="Professori Junhe Lian" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/news/erc-funding-to-assistant-professor-junhe-lian-to-explore-new-materials-via-advanced-manufacturing" title="ERC funding to Assistant Professor Junhe Lian to explore new materials via advanced manufacturing"> ERC funding to Assistant Professor Junhe Lian to explore new materials via advanced manufacturing </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Assistant professor Junhe Lian's goal is to develop an efficient, digital, and ecologically sustainable method for developing new materials and advanced manufacturing technologies with the help of the ERC Starting Grant.</p> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta"> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--date"> <time datetime="2023-10-02T23:25:07+03:00">2.10.2023</time> </span> <span class="aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item aalto-liftup-m-card__meta-item--category">News</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-accordion" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph--text-accordion component-container"> <div class="accordion__container"> <h2> Basic information on doctoral studies </h2> <div class="listing-accordion__container"> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content" id="accordion-title"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Objective of studies </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title" id="accordion-content"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>The goal of our doctoral education is not only to educate researchers and professors of the future, but also to equip them with professional skills so that they can become experts and game changers in the engineering industry and other sectors.</p> <p>The aim of doctoral studies is that the student:</p> <ul> <li>To acquire a profound knowledge of their research field and its social significance;</li> <li>To obtain the necessary skills to independently apply the scientific methods of their field and produce new scientific knowledge;</li> <li>To obtain a thorough knowledge of the research methods and development of their research field;</li> <li>To possess a sufficient level of expertise in the philosophy of engineering and other areas related to their research field.</li> </ul></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--2" id="accordion-title--2"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Content of studies and degree structure </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--2" id="accordion-content--2"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Doctoral students are to complete their degree in four years of full-time study, during which they complete the required doctoral studies and write a doctoral thesis that will be examined in a public defence. For this timescale to be feasible, the workload of the degree should be proportionate to the objective duration of studies. This will be taken into account in the course of the supervision of the doctoral student.</p> <p>The Doctor of Science (Technology) degree consists of</p> <ol> <li>an approved doctoral thesis </li> <li>research field studies (10–25 ECTS)</li> <li>general research studies (5–20 ECTS)</li> </ol></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--3" id="accordion-title--3"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Study language </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--3" id="accordion-content--3"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>The language of instruction is, in principle, English but the doctoral thesis can also be completed in Finnish or Swedish.</p> <p>The applicants will define in their application in which language they will pursue the degree. The possible languages are Finnish, Swedish, or English. If doctoral students want to write their doctoral thesis in Finnish or in Swedish, the language of the degree will be Finnish or Swedish. If the doctoral thesis is written in English, doctoral students can choose English as the language of the degree that must be approved by the doctoral programme committee. The language of degree can, on reasonable grounds, be changed at a later stage if the language of the doctoral thesis changes.</p></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--4" id="accordion-title--4"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Funding and fees </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--4" id="accordion-content--4"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><h3>Funding</h3> <p>The most common ways to fund doctoral studies are</p> <ul> <li>working in a salaried doctoral researcher position</li> <li>personal grant(s) or scholarship(s) from foundations or funding agencies</li> </ul> <p>Most Aalto doctoral students combine different funding sources during their studies. </p> <p><a class="highlight" href="/en/node/908446">How to find and apply for funding for doctoral studies and research?</a><strong>AaltoENG doctoral programme positions: the application period is in autumn</strong>. See application instructions <a href="/en/node/908446">here</a>.</p> <p>Generally Aalto University does not offer scholarships for doctoral studies. However, there is an on-going scholarship scheme until 2024 for students from African and South American countries: <a href="/en/doctoral-education/how-to-apply-for-doctoral-studies#14-finland-fellowships-for-doctoral-students">Finland Fellowship</a>.</p> <p>During the academic year 2024-2025, the Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture is funding 178 new doctoral researcher positions at Aalto University through a doctoral education pilot.</p> <p><a class="highlight" href="/en/node/999476">Doctoral education pilot: 178 doctoral researchers' salaried positions</a></p> <h3>Fees and costs</h3> <p>Aalto University doctoral studies are free of tuition fees. Aalto University does not charge fees for enrollment to the University. Doctoral students are welcome to join the Aalto University Student Union. The membership of the Student Union is subject to an annual fee.</p> <p>If you need a residence permit for research in Finland, please see more information about income requirement at the <a href="https://migri.fi/en/researcher">Finnish Immigration Services</a>.</p></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--5" id="accordion-title--5"><span class="accordion__title-text"> International possibilities </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--5" id="accordion-content--5"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Internationality is an integral part of the school’s doctoral education in both recruiting and educating doctoral candidates. The School of Engineering is well connected to a number of top-level international universities and research institutes in the field.</p> <p>Aalto University encourages its doctoral candidates to spend at least six months of their study time abroad because international mobility enhances doctoral candidates’ career prospects. Visiting a foreign university or research institute often means sharing knowledge and know-how, creating new ideas, expanding international networks, and developing one’s professional proficiency.</p></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--6" id="accordion-title--6"><span class="accordion__title-text"> More information </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--6" id="accordion-content--6"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p><a class="highlight" href="/en/node/1010061">Career opportunities and employability for Aalto doctoral students</a></p> <p><a class="highlight" href="/en/node/1015216">Why choose Aalto University?</a></p> <div class="aalto-table-wrapper"><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Stages of doctoral studies</th> <th>Corresponding information</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Start (1st year doctoral student)</td> <td> <ul> <li><a href="/en/node/998306">degree structure</a></li> <li><a href="/en/node/908831">courses offered for doctoral candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/en/node/698026">academic policies and regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/en/node/923221">study plan and its confirmation</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>During (1st-3rd year doctoral student)</td> <td> <ul> <li><a href="/en/node/799451">courses in other Aalto schools or other universities</a></li> <li><a href="/en/node/637076">incentive scholarships</a></li> <li><a href="/en/doctoral-education/during-your-doctoral-studies#1-supervision-of-doctoral-thesis">supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/en/node/9266">research and thesis</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>End (4th year doctoral student)</td> <td> <ul> <li><a href="/en/doctoral-education/finalising-your-doctoral-studies#0-from-pre-examination-to-permission-for-public-defence">pre-examination to graduation</a></li> <li><a href="/en/node/400811">career planning</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-highlight" lang="en" style=""> <div class="text-highlight text-highlight--theme2"> <aside> <p>Do you want to learn and develop new scientific knowledge in fields you never even thought about or knew existed before?</p> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-accordion" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph--text-accordion component-container"> <div class="accordion__container"> <h2> How to apply? </h2> <div class="listing-accordion__description"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"> <p><strong>Application periods</strong></p> <p>There are two annual application periods for the programme: one in September and another in March.</p> <p><strong>The spring 2025 application period</strong> for doctoral studies starting in the spring term is 13 February 2025 until 6 March 2025 (15:00 PM GMT +2) (decisions are made in April).<br><strong>The autumn 2025 application period</strong> for doctoral studies starting in the autumn term is 21 August 2025 until 11 September 2025 (15:00 PM GMT +2) (decisions are made in October).</p> <p><strong>Additional application periods in 2024:</strong> 17 May 2024 until 7 June 2024 (23.59 PM GMT +2) and 15 November 2024 until 5 December 2024 (23.59 PM GMT +2)</p> <p>Please note that from 1 August 2016 onwards the accepted applicants may accept <strong>only one study place leading to a higher education degree in Finland </strong>during one academic term<em> </em>(Universities Act 558/2009). Higher education degrees include bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees awarded by universities as well as degrees from universities of applied sciences.</p> <p><strong>Applicants must submit the electronic application and all required attachments by the deadline.</strong> Only complete applications will be processed.</p> </div> </div> <div class="listing-accordion__container"> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--7" id="accordion-title--7"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Eligibility </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--7" id="accordion-content--7"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p><strong>Eligibility of applicants to the Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering</strong></p> <p>To be eligible for doctoral studies at the School of Engineering, students must hold:</p> <ul> <li>a master’s degree granted by a Finnish university or a Finnish university of applied sciences that provides them with the knowledge base required for the postgraduate research field applied for, or;</li> <li>a degree granted by a university or university of applied sciences abroad corresponding to the Finnish master’s degree, providing them with the knowledge base required for the postgraduate research field applied for.</li> </ul> <p>In principle, an acceptable master’s degree is one carried out in accordance with the principles of the Bologna Process (3+2 years). A degree earned abroad in a country that does not follow the Bologna Process must include a minimum of four years of studies and a master’s thesis, and be deemed by the School of Engineering as providing the student with an adequate knowledge base for doctoral studies in the school.</p> <p><strong>Applying with a degree from a university of applied sciences</strong></p> <p>The potential of applicantsto succeed in doctoral studies is assessed by the School of Engineering on a case-by-case basis for applicants with a Finnish master’s degree from a university of applied sciences. Granting the right to study requires that the school to determine the applicant’s need for supplementary studies. If the school deems that such an applicant in an applicable technical field does have potential for completing the doctoral degree, the applicant will be assigned any necessary ssupplementary studies to allow him or her to start the doctoral studies. The extent of supplementary studies may not, however, exceed 60 ECTS. If the extent of supplementary studies exceeds this maximum, the applicant will be advised to first pursue the master's degree before applying for a right to pursue a doctoral degree. When assessing the applicants’ potential for doctoral studies, the school shall take into account that the extent of the master’s degree from a university of applied sciences in the field of technology is 60 ECTS, which corresponds to studies of one year’s duration, whereas the extent of a university master’s degree is 120 ECTS, which corresponds to studies of two years’ duration. The extent of master’s degrees from a university of applied sciences in fields other than technology is 60 ECTS or 90 ECTS.</p> <p>International applicants with a previous technical degree corresponding to a Finnish degree from a university of applied sciences are subject to the same rules as those with the corresponding Finnish degree.</p> <p>It is also possible to complete doctoral studies in a field or school other than the one in which the master’s degree was obtained. Those wishing to pursue doctoral studies in another field, on account of job experience gained in that field or interest in it, can discuss with a professor in that field the necessary prerequisites for admission as a doctoral student.</p> <p>The professor (i.e. supervising professor) who is responsible for the research field to which the applicant is applying to is responsible for the academic evaluation of the applicant. The Doctoral Programme Committee will also evaluate the applicant.</p> <p><strong>Full-time and part-time studies</strong></p> <p>Full-time doctoral students plan their studies with the aim of completing a doctoral degree within four years of admission to the doctoral programme. Full-time doctoral students need to have funding allocated for the doctoral studies (e.g. project funding, a personal grant or funding from employer).  Students working outside of Aalto University who wish to be full-time doctoral students must provide a document of the employers' approval for full-time doctoral studies (working students must be able to dedicate up to 80 % of their working hours).</p> <p><strong>Part-time doctoral student</strong></p> <p>Part-time doctoral students are those who do not meet the above-mentioned requirements for full-time doctoral students. Their studies are planned in such a way that the time spent on doctoral studies is eight years or less. A part-time doctoral student typically has a main occupation outside the School of Engineering which occupation does not include scientific research for a doctoral thesis.</p> <p>Applicants for part-time doctoral studies should discuss:</p> <ul> <li>whether the research is closely connected with the applicant’s own work;</li> <li>what opportunities the employer has for supporting intensive postgraduate studying e.g. alongside work.</li> </ul></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--8" id="accordion-title--8"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Admission requirements </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--8" id="accordion-content--8"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p><strong>The following is required of the applicant:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Adequate knowledge in the research field applied for, gained through, for example, courses in the major subject or courses in an advanced module within the master’s studies.</li> <li>Sufficient basic knowledge that supports the thesis work and the writing of the thesis.</li> <li>An excellent command of Finnish, Swedish or English.</li> </ol> <p>When necessary, the School of Engineering will set prerequisites for admission to the doctoral programme. These may be gained by taking master's-level courses.</p> <p><strong>Grades</strong> (on the scale of 1 to 5)</p> <ul> <li>The master’s thesis has been completed with the minimum grade of 3/5.</li> <li>The master’s degree that is the basis of doctoral studies has been completed with an average grade of 3.0/5 or higher.</li> <li>Those with a master’s degree earned in accordance with the degree regulations of 1995 or at an earlier time must have earned the master’s degree that is the basis of doctoral studies with an average grade of 3.0/5 or higher.</li> </ul> <p>The same criteria are applied to students with a foreign degree or degree from another Finnish university or university of applied sciences. Students who fail to meet these minimum grade criteria, but are otherwise suitable for doctoral studies, may improve their grades by taking additional courses, or the School of Engineering may set other prerequisites for doctoral studies.</p> <p><strong>Other admissions criteria (academic evaluation):</strong></p> <ul> <li>prior academic success;</li> <li>content of prior university studies;</li> <li>potential for a researcher career, prior research experience: research-related work experience, conference presentations, journal articles etc.;</li> <li>suitability of the research topic: relevance of the topic for the research focus area of the department;</li> <li>research proposal: the original contribution of the research to the theory and practice of the field; the feasibility of the research proposal;</li> <li>time management and resources: the feasibility of the study plan and the time available for the doctoral studies within the next four years;</li> <li>the university’s resources for thesis supervision in the applicant’s field of research;</li> <li>other grounds presented by the applicant.</li> </ul> <p>The professor (i.e. supervising professor) responsible for the research field the applicant is applying to is responsible for the academic evaluation of the applicant. The Doctoral Programme Committee will also evaluate the applicant.</p></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--9" id="accordion-title--9"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Application materials </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--9" id="accordion-content--9"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Please submit your application for doctoral studies by filling in the electronic application form. All the application materials must be submitted <strong>in electronic format (pdf)</strong>. Also see the instructions for mailing the degree certificates and transcripts*.</p> <p><strong>The mailing address for degree certificates and transcripts of records is:</strong></p> <p>Reetta Mannola<br>Aalto University<br>School of Engineering<br>P. O. Box 15200<br>00076 Aalto<br>Finland</p> <p><strong>If you deliver your documents by using courier services, please use the following address:</strong></p> <p>Reetta Mannola or Ritva Viero                                        <br>Aalto University                                          <br>School of Engineering                                <br>Room 233                                              <br>Tietotie 1E                                              <br>02150 Espoo                                              <br>Finland                                                        <br><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a1d3c4c4d5d5c08fccc0cfcfcecdc0e1c0c0cdd5ce8fc7c8"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="6a180f0f1e1e0b44070b040405060b2a0b0b061e05440c03">[email protected]</span></a> or<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4133283537206f372824332e0120202d352e6f2728"> <span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="7b09120f0d1a550d121e09143b1a1a170f14551d12">[email protected]</span></a> </p> <p><strong>Incomplete applications will not be accepted. Therefore, start to prepare your application early enough.</strong></p> <p><strong>The study credit plan, research plan and supervision plan need to be approved by the applicant and the supervising professor. By signing these documents, the professor responsible for the research field confirms his or her commitment to be the supervising professor of the applicant.</strong></p> <p>Students who have earned a master's degree at Aalto University (or the forerunners of Aalto University) are required to provide the following application materials:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://opintopolku.fi/hakemus/haku/1.2.246.562.29.00000000000000053250?lang=en">Application form</a> in the Studyinfo.fi</li> <li>A curriculum vitae (CV) that includes a list of publications and other scientific activity</li> <li>A preliminary <a href="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/2024-06/302_preliminary_creditplan_aalto_fi_30op_ELEC_SCI-1_0.pdf">Study plan</a> (credit plan) for the theoretical studies of the degree, (30 ECTS) (the supervising professor's signature is needed). Please see <a href="/en/node/998306">curriculum 2024-2026</a>. Please use the abbreviation D for doctoral level courses provided by Aalto University. Note, a compulsory course: Research Ethics for Doctoral Students D, LC-L1010</li> <li>Preliminary <a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-student-forms#0-doctoral-personal-study-plan--dpsp-">research plan</a> (PDF) and schedule for its completion. The plan must include the signature of the applicant and the supervising professor of the research field applied for. ENG School has not limited the length of the research plan.<br><em>Full-time doctoral candidates should prepare their research and publishing plan for a midterm review (after 1½-2 years of doctoral studies). This means, for example, completing all courses (30 ECTS) and developing the research and publishing plan according to the plan.</em></li> <li>Funding plan; alternatively, it can be included in the research proposal. Indicate the start and ending of secured funding time and describe your funding sources (scholarships, projects etc.).</li> <li><a href="/en/doctoral-education/doctoral-student-forms#0-doctoral-personal-study-plan--dpsp-">Supervision plan</a> (<a href="/en/node/461771">Guidelines for supervising doctoral candidates</a>). The supervision plan must include the signatures of the applicant, the supervising professor, and the thesis advisor.</li> <li>Motivation letter in English, one page long</li> <li>Copy of the applicant's passport or ID-card</li> <li>Any other supporting documents e.g. letter(s) of recommendations</li> </ol> <p><strong>Applicants with a master's degree or education earned at an institution other than Aalto University (or the forerunners of Aalto University) shall also provide the following documents:</strong></p> <ol> <li><strong>Master’s degree certificate or a certified copy, and official transcript*</strong> <ul> <li>master's degree certificate, including all the appendices and <a href="https://www.oph.fi/en/europass-diploma-supplement-information-higher-education-institutions">the Diploma Supplement</a> in European countries</li> <li>Official transcripts of records of all the courses included in the master’s degree</li> <li>Official translations of these, if the originals are not in Finnish, Swedish, or English.</li> <li>Please upload these as scanned copies to the electronic application form on Studyinfo.fi <strong>and mail them to the address above, too</strong>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Abstract of master's thesis in English</strong></li> <li><strong>Proof of proficiency in Finnish, Swedish or English</strong> <ul> <li>A successful applicant must have an excellent command of Finnish, Swedish, or English.</li> <li>Please see Required language proficiency</li> </ul> </li> <li>A document confirming eligibility for doctoral studies, if needed (please see eligibility for doctoral studies under the sections <a href="/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering#4-how-to-apply-">How to apply? - Eligibility</a>) with an official translation, if the original document is not in Finnish, Swedish or English</li> <li> <p>Please also see the <a href="/node/31226">country-specific requirements </a>if the degree is awarded in: </p> <p>Australia, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Canada, China, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, South Africa, Sudan, the United Kingdom or the United States.</p> </li> </ol> <p><strong>*Degrees awarded by a higher education institution outside Finland:</strong></p> <p>You are asked to present your original degree certificate (including all the appendices and <a href="https://www.oph.fi/en/europass-diploma-supplement-information-higher-education-institutions">the Diploma Supplement</a> in European countries) and official transcript of records, <strong>or certified copies of all these*</strong> before a right to study can be granted. You are asked also to present official translations* of these, if the originals are not in Finnish, Swedish or English.</p> <p><strong>*Degrees awarded by a higher education institution in Finland:</strong></p> <p>If you have completed a degree in Finland <strong>after 1 January 2003</strong> and you have a <strong>Finnish personal identification code</strong>, Aalto University will verify your degree electronically using a national database.</p> <p>If your degree was completed <strong>before 1 January 2003</strong>, or you do not have a Finnish personal identification code, you are asked to present your original degree certificate <em>(including all the appendices and </em>the Diploma Supplement<em> in European countries) </em>and official transcript of records <strong>or certified copies of all these*</strong> before a right to study can be granted.</p> <p> <em>*Certified copies and translations</em></p> <p><em>Copies of degree certificates and a transcript of records must be<strong> certified by the awarding university </strong>or <strong>by a notary public</strong>. The copies must be taken from the original, official documents. A multiple-page certified copy must be certified on the front side of every page. Each page must have the <strong>certifying official’s original signature, printed name, ink stamp and date</strong>. Copies of officially certified copies are not accepted, thecertifying official’s ink stamps and signatures must be original. A note declaring official copy status (such as a “True copy” stamp) is insufficient.</em></p> <p><em>The translation is official if it has been done by the <strong>higher education institution that awarded the degree </strong>or by a <strong>certified translator (authorised translator)</strong>. The translations must have the certified translator’s original ink stamp and signature.</em></p> <p><em>The official translations must be either original or certified paper copies of the original documents. Unofficial copies of the translations are insufficient. The official translations must be accompanied by certified paper copies of the original documents in the original language. Translations by themselves are insufficient.</em></p> <p><strong>Supervising professors for the research fields of the doctoral programme are listed </strong><a href="/en/programmes/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering/research-fields?redirectFrom=node%2F1204246"><strong>here</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--10" id="accordion-title--10"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Required language proficiency </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--10" id="accordion-content--10"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>All international students applying for doctoral studies must demonstrate their proficiency in English. Applicants are required to attach an official language test report to their application.</p> <p><strong>The recognized English language tests and their minimum scores required for admission to doctoral studies are (Aalto University Admissions Criteria 2024):</strong></p> <ol> <li>IELTS <ol> <li>Academic: 6.5 and for writing 5.5</li> <li>Indicator (Academic): 6.5 and for writing 5.5</li> </ol> </li> <li>TOEFL <ol> <li>IBT (Internet-based Test): 92 and for the writing section 22 or</li> <li>iBT® Special Home Edition: 92 and for the writing section 22</li> <li>PDT (Paper-delivered Test): reading 22, listening 22 ja writing 24</li> </ol> </li> <li>C1 Advanced (prev. Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English (CAE)): A,B or C</li> <li>C2 Proficiency (prev. Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE)): A,B,C or Level C1</li> <li>Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE A): 62 and for writing 54</li> </ol> <p>The minimum requirements are very strict. If your score does not fulfill the minimum requirements, you are not eligible to apply and your application cannot be processed. Only the above-mentioned language tests are accepted.</p> <p>IELTS, TOEFL and PTE results are valid for two years starting from the test date. The CAE and CPE results do not have an expiration date<strong>.</strong></p> <p><strong>Submitting language test scores</strong></p> <p>Only official reports of the language test are acceptable as proof of proficiency.</p> <ul> <li>For <strong>IELTS</strong> test, upload a copy of the official test report (as a PDF) to the application system. The test results are verified through the test administrator’s electronic verification service.</li> <li><strong>TOEFL</strong> test results must be sent to Aalto University by the test administrator directly. Request your official score report to be sent from the test administrator to Aalto University reporting code <strong>7364</strong>. Unofficial score reports sent by applicants will not be accepted. Test scores submitted with the Aalto University reporting code are checked for authenticity in the test administrator’s verification database. The scores are available within 1 to 2 weeks of sending the score report request.</li> <li><strong>PTE</strong> test scores are sent via the test administrator’s electronic service. Applicants who took the PTE test must log in to their PTE account and send their results in the system to Aalto University. The test administrator notifies by email when the results have been sent to the university.</li> <li>For the <strong>C1 Advanced </strong>or <strong>C2 Proficiency</strong> language test, upload a PDF copy of the results report to the application system. The test-taker’s ID number (e.g. ABC1234567) and reference number (e.g. 173YU0034522) must be entered in the system. Test takers must be logged in to the language test system to submit their results to Aalto University. The results are verified electronically.</li> </ul> <p><strong>An English language test is not required in doctoral admissions of applicants who  (Aalto University Admissions Criteria 2024):</strong></p> <p>Applicants who have completed a higher education degree and the requisite studies</p> <ol> <li>at a university or a university of applied sciences in Finland in Finnish, Swedish or English;</li> <li>at a university or a university of applied sciences in an EU/EEA country in English. The language of the degree must be stated in the degree certificate or its appendix, the transcript of records or other official document, such as diploma supplement, issued by the higher education institution in question.</li> <li>in an English-language programme requiring a physical on-site presence at a university in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Switzerland, South Africa or the United States.</li> <li>received his or her primary and secondary education in English in an EU/EEA country, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom or the United States.</li> <li>earned a degree Aalto Executive Education MBA, EMBA or DBA.</li> <li>has completed the CEMS Master in International Management entity.</li> <li>Applicants to doctoral studies who have academic duties in the field of science and technology at Aalto University (statement needed from the professor of the research field on the adequacy of the student’s language proficiency).</li> </ol> <p>In points 1–3 of the above list, a minimum of one half of the aforementioned degree must be completed in a country and higher education institution that meets the requirements for exempting the student from taking an English test. The language of the degree must be stated unambiguously in the degree certificate or its appendix, or in the transcript of records or other official document issued by the awarding institution. If the degree was completed in more than one language, the appendix must indicate the amount of studies that were completed in English.</p> <p>In points 1-2 of the above list, university degree showing language proficiency must be at least three years´ lower university degree, at least one year´s higher university degree or doctorate. The university must be recognised part of the country´s official national education system. The university must be found on the country´s official list of recognised universities with a right to degree-granting or on a list of recognised universities maintained by an international organisation (e.g., UNESCO).</p> <p>The university must be recognised in the country of point 1 or 2.</p> <p>Only the above-mentioned groups are exempted from the language test requirement. For all other applicants, the official language test result is a compulsory application document and applications without the test result will not be processed. There are no exceptions to the above-mentioned requirements.</p></div> </div> <h3 class="accordion__header is-closed"> <button type="button" class="accordion__title is-collapsed aalto-anchor-link-heading aalto-anchor-link-skip-toc" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="accordion-content--11" id="accordion-title--11"><span class="accordion__title-text"> Application procedure </span></button></h3> <div class="accordion__content is-collapsed" aria-labelledby="accordion-title--11" id="accordion-content--11"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p><strong>Guidelines for filling in the application form</strong></p> <ol> <li>After reading the instructions and getting all the documents ready, register on the online Studyinfo.fi application system. Fill in the application, attach all the required documents and send it.</li> <li>Definition of a <a href="/en/doctoral-education/beginning-your-doctoral-studies#8-full-time-and-part-time-studies">full-time and a part-time</a> doctoral candidate. Please indicate accordingly. Full-time doctoral students must be able to dedicate up to 80 % of their working hours. Those working outside Aalto University and applying for full-time doctoral studies must provide a document of the employees' approval for full-time doctoral studies.</li> <li><a href="/en/doctoral-education/beginning-your-doctoral-studies#9-language-of-doctoral-thesis-and-degree">The language of the degree</a>: choose either Finnish, Swedish or English</li> <li>Last name and all first names: the spelling of names must match your valid passport.</li> <li>Contact information: all information regarding the application and the decision process will be sent to the email address you provide.</li> <li>If you haven't completed your master's degree by the application deadline, check the graduation schedule with your home university and the date for acquiring your official degree certificate.</li> <li>Conditions for providing student information: The conditions will take effect if and when you receive a right to study. You will be able to change the conditions in the Sisu (<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="36455f45437657575a425918505f">[email protected]</a>) system later.</li> <li>Remember to save and submit your application.</li> </ol> <p>Before submitting the application, each applicant must contact a professor in charge of doctoral studies in their intended research field and the supervision of the studies. Applicants are urged to ensure that their own expertise and research interests are commensurate with those of the research group that they are applying to to  (and with those of the supervising professor of their studies).</p> <p>In order to prepare for the discussion with the professor, it is beneficial to prepare a CV (along with a possible list of publications) and a preliminary research plan. At this point the applicant’s eligibility and prerequisites for doctoral studies will be checked by the professor. Possible prerequisites for admission will also be discussed.</p> <p>In addition to the research plan, the student will discuss the study plan, a funding plan and a supervision plan with the professor. See more about these documents below. By signing the application, you and your supervising professor commit to study and work according to the mutual plan. See <a href="/en/node/461771">here</a> for more information about the rights and responsibilities of the student and the supervising professor.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--text-text" lang="en" style=""> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="text-text"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><h2>Contact us</h2> <p>If you have any questions about the admissions, please contact the <a href="/en/node/726651">Learning Services of the Doctoral Programme in Engineering</a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-component-wrapper aalto-component aalto-component-wrapper--manual-liftup-medium aalto-liftup-m " lang="en" style=""> <div class="component-container"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header"> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-content"> <h2 class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-title" id="liftup-title-id-1030005259"> Get to know us – The Departments of the School of Engineering </h2> <div class="aalto-manual-liftup__header-body"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"><p>Supervising professors for the research fields of the doctoral programme are listed <a href="/en/node/1204246">here</a>.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-container"> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2022-03/Aalto_University_Ice_Tank_research_13-4-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_017.jpg?h=dcf1b387&itok=Og1UPaFG 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2022-03/Aalto_University_Ice_Tank_research_13-4-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_017.jpg?h=dcf1b387&itok=_nkwEMTQ 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2022-03/Aalto_University_Ice_Tank_research_13-4-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_017.jpg?h=dcf1b387&itok=4ztE5Ejy 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2022-03/Aalto_University_Ice_Tank_research_13-4-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_017.jpg?h=dcf1b387&itok=wgvKrrq7 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="4000" data-original-height="2668" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2022-03/Aalto_University_Ice_Tank_research_13-4-2021_photo_Mikko_Raskinen_017.jpg?h=dcf1b387&itok=Og1UPaFG" width="288" height="125" alt="Experiment underway in the Aalto Ice and Wave Tank" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/department-of-energy-and-mechanical-engineering" title="Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering"> Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">The Department of Energy and Mechanical Engineering is a leading multidisciplinary research establishment with strong industrial ties and impact on industry and society alike.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2019-10/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc6102_web_original.jpg?h=ee41355b&itok=0rmfRYhF 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2019-10/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc6102_web_original.jpg?h=ee41355b&itok=vQD-MzRG 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2019-10/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc6102_web_original.jpg?h=ee41355b&itok=xfJ02SYq 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2019-10/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc6102_web_original.jpg?h=ee41355b&itok=x4kBXj2d 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="3000" data-original-height="1690" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2019-10/unto_rautio_aalto_dsc6102_web_original.jpg?h=ee41355b&itok=0rmfRYhF" width="288" height="125" alt="Researcher at the Department of Civil Engineering" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/department-of-civil-engineering" title="Department of Civil Engineering"> Department of Civil Engineering </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">The Department of Civil Engineering aims to build the structures of tomorrow through research, education and collaboration.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-layout-item aalto-liftup-m-card-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__image-container"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2021-10/Aalto_University_SPT_studio_course_2018_07.jpg?h=8b0e4df1&itok=41VPnOSN 288w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_567w_247h_d/public/2021-10/Aalto_University_SPT_studio_course_2018_07.jpg?h=8b0e4df1&itok=HsxP-00s 567w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_690w_300h_d/public/2021-10/Aalto_University_SPT_studio_course_2018_07.jpg?h=8b0e4df1&itok=ExfW7u0O 690w, /sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_819w_356h_d/public/2021-10/Aalto_University_SPT_studio_course_2018_07.jpg?h=8b0e4df1&itok=ougIFVWh 819w" media="all" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 900px) calc(33vw - 160px), (min-width: 600px) calc(100vw - 40px), (min-width: 320px) calc(100vw - 32px), 288px" width="819" height="356"/> <img loading="lazy" data-original-width="2499" data-original-height="1414" src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/styles/2_3_288w_125h_d/public/2021-10/Aalto_University_SPT_studio_course_2018_07.jpg?h=8b0e4df1&itok=41VPnOSN" width="288" height="125" alt="Kaksi henkilöä kuvan äärellä" /> </picture> </div> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__main-content"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__text-container"> <div class="aalto-liftup-m-card__overflow-container"> <h2 class="aalto-liftup-m-card__header"> <a class="aalto-liftup-m-card__link" href="/en/department-of-built-environment" title="Department of Built Environment"> Department of Built Environment </a> </h2> <p class="aalto-liftup-m-card__summary">Water resources, spatial data, sustainable asset management and safe transportation.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-modal"> <div class="aalto-modal__container article-container"> <div class="aalto-modal__text-container aalto-modal__text-container--center"> <h2 class="aalto-modal__title" data-start-date="2024-11-15T06:00:00" data-end-date="2024-12-05T21:59:00" data-type="studyOption" data-url="https://opintopolku.fi/hakemus/haku/1.2.246.562.29.00000000000000053250?lang=en" data-cta-text="" data-degree-type="doctoral" data-custom-end-text="" data-non-sticky="0"></h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-content-bottom-wrapper content-container"> <div class="aalto-content-bottom-container"> <div class="aalto-content-bottom__updated"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li> Published: <time datetime="2020-01-14T08:38:05+02:00">14.1.2020</time> </li> <li> Updated: <time datetime="2024-11-11T11:52:25+02:00">11.11.2024</time> </li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="region region--footer"> <footer class="aalto-footer content-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__breadcrumb"> <div class="aalto-breadcrumb-container"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="aalto-breadcrumb__list aalto-list-unstyled" vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="BreadcrumbList"><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en" class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" title="Front page" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><svg class="aalto-inline-icon"><use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_aaltofi/images/icons.svg#16-home" /></svg><span class="aalto-visually-hidden" property="name">Front page</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"></li><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en/study-options" class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" title="Study options" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Study options</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"></li><li class="aalto-breadcrumb__item" property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><div class="aalto-breadcrumb__text" property="item" resource="https://www.aalto.fi/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" typeof="WebPage" aria-current="page"><span property="name">Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering</span></div><meta property="position" content="3"></li></ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__container"> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo-container"> <a href="/en" class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo-link" title=Home aria-label=Home rel="home"> <svg class="aalto-footer__aalto-logo aalto-logo" viewBox="0 0 143 101"> <use xlink:href="/themes/custom/aalto_base/images/aalto_logo.svg#logo"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__address-container"> <div id="block-footeraddress" class="block block-block-content block-block-content9655a26e-c6be-4275-81a6-fb05dce0b6e1"> <div class="aalto-user-generated-content"> <p>Aalto University<br><br> P.O. Box 11000 (Otakaari 1B)<br><br> FI-00076 AALTO<br><br> Switchboard: +358 9 47001</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Follow us:</h2> <ul class="aalto-footer__some-link-container aalto-list-unstyled"> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/aalto-university/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--twitter" href="https://twitter.com/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">X (formerly Twitter)</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/aaltouniversity/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Instagram</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/aaltouniversity"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--snapchat" href="/snapchat"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Snapchat</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="aalto-footer__some-link aalto-some__link-icon aalto-some__link-icon--blogs" href="https://ourblogs.aalto.fi/"> <span class="aalto-visually-hidden">Blogs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Quicklinks</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/research-art">Research and artistic outputs</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/learning-centre">Library – Learning Centre</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/study-at-aalto">Admissions</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/for-alumni">Alumni</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/for-the-media">Media</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/it-services">IT services</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university-open-university">Open University</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://shop.aalto.fi/">Aalto University Shop</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/site-index">Site index</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Latest</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/news">News</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/events">Events</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/open-positions">Careers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column aalto-footer__footer-navigation-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">Contact</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/campus/campus-maps-addresses-and-opening-hours-in-otaniemi">Campus maps</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university/aalto-university-contact-information">Contact information</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/aalto-university/ethical-channel">Ethical channel – Whistleblowing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__navigation-group"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__navigation-sub-header">For students</h2> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="/en/student-guide">Student Guide</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://outlook.office.com">Webmail</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://mycourses.aalto.fi/?lang=fi">MyCourses</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://mystudies.aalto.fi">MyStudies</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__navigation-item"><a class="aalto-footer__navigation-item-link" href="https://sis-aalto.funidata.fi/">Sisu</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__footer-column"> <div class="aalto-footer__liftup-box"> <h2 class="aalto-footer__liftup-title"> Together towards a better world. </h2> <p class="aalto-footer__liftup-text">Support new ideas, research, work and leadership development towards a stronger Finland.</p> <a class="aalto-button" href="/en/give-for-the-future">Donate to Aalto University</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-container"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-list aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/privacy-notice-for-aaltofi">Privacy notice</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/cookie-policy">Cookie policy</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/services/feedback-on-aaltofi">Feedback</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"><a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="/en/aalto-handbook/accessibility-statement-aalto-university">Accessibility statement</a></li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item"> <a class="aalto-footer__bottom-link" href="javascript: Cookiebot.renew()">Cookie settings</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links-container aalto-footer__bottom-links-container--language"> <div class="aalto-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="aalto-list-unstyled"> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/fi/koulutustarjonta/insinooritieteiden-tohtoriohjelma" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="fi"><span>Suomeksi</span></a> </li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/sv/utbildningsutbud/doktorandprogrammet-i-ingenjorsvetenskaper" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="sv"><span>Svenska</span></a> </li> <li class="aalto-footer__bottom-link-item aalto-subsite-footer__language-link-item"> <a href="/en/study-options/aalto-doctoral-programme-in-engineering" aria-current="true" class="aalto-footer__bottom-link aalto-subsite-footer__language-link" lang="en"><span>English</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div data-metadata="71e6ff3 2024-11-21 18:26:31 +0200" style="display:none;"></div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> (function(){ try{ var metadata = document.querySelector('div[data-metadata]'); var now = new Date(); var changed = new Date(now.getTime() + ((new Date(now.toLocaleString('en-US', {timeZone: 'Europe/Helsinki'}))) - (new Date(now.toLocaleString('en-US', {timeZone: 'GMT'}))))); metadata.setAttribute('data-timestamp',changed.toISOString().replace('T',' ').replace(/\.\d+Z/,' ') + metadata.getAttribute('data-metadata').replace(/.*\d+:\d+:\d+ /,'')); }catch(e){} })() </script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_JMCMFMI2V2JGNNgRtkjrrghwlSqPALqFmyL7YdNx210.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1FywyAMRC9kV0di1oCJYkCpEWl9-7qBcZu4_dHsPo12tEBUMXCJs6nKkXUjnNnQmIMiYvMrHapv2JssyjNbKEumFz9YkWVnVrL6rGaKYpc9puGx47HjnjmheOKE4I1MV2_VzKx995gz05MbgkiI3igCBU3PFuHVv-GKz57381_ZH6G_YO8widKh-nVEDvX7z_LBai97sX_472ZNFq1uM0kc4nBzU6Pje2W7jMVjtReaRfQ4vVdPK5LDOUrllnE_80dYy_oCk83C9g"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?snb905"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?snb905"></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/flghsv161/files/js/js_haqCkMlUUnlVa39Dbhcn33yshZY_t8GrLsiEPbeqKiQ.js?scope=footer&delta=3&language=en&theme=aalto_aaltofi&include=eJx1j1FywyAMRC9kV0di1oCJYkCpEWl9-7qBcZu4_dHsPo12tEBUMXCJs6nKkXUjnNnQmIMiYvMrHapv2JssyjNbKEumFz9YkWVnVrL6rGaKYpc9puGx47HjnjmheOKE4I1MV2_VzKx995gz05MbgkiI3igCBU3PFuHVv-GKz57381_ZH6G_YO8widKh-nVEDvX7z_LBai97sX_472ZNFq1uM0kc4nBzU6Pje2W7jMVjtReaRfQ4vVdPK5LDOUrllnE_80dYy_oCk83C9g"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-db714826d6dc6f30ac6","applicationID":"439323269","transactionName":"YVADYUZVDUNRBRYIDlgaIFZAXQxeHxYDBgRpVgBWXFE=","queueTime":2,"applicationTime":66,"atts":"TRcAFw5PHk0=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Aalto Doctoral Programme in Engineering | Aalto University