CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lincos language - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"38251787-7a08-462e-a281-3a707b566867","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lincos_language","wgTitle":"Lincos language","wgCurRevisionId":1227574472,"wgRevisionId":1227574472,"wgArticleId":18591,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from March 2022","All articles needing additional references","Languages without Glottolog code","Language articles with IETF language tag","Conlangs without ISO 639-3 code","Languages with neither ISO nor Glottolog code","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017", "Constructed languages","Engineered languages","Interstellar messages","Knowledge representation languages","Search for extraterrestrial intelligence","1960 introductions","Constructed languages introduced in the 1960s"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lincos_language","wgRelevantArticleId":18591,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q676619","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lincos language - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos_language"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos_language"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lincos_language rootpage-Lincos_language skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lincos+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lincos+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lincos+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lincos+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Concepts_and_range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepts_and_range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Concepts and range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concepts_and_range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lincos language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لغة لينكوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة لينكوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Лінкас – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лінкас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Линкос – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Линкос" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1" title="שפת לינקוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפת לינקוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos_(limbaj_artificial)" title="Lincos (limbaj artificial) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lincos (limbaj artificial)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Линкос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линкос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lincos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Лінкос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінкос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="宇宙语言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宇宙语言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q676619#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lincos_language" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lincos_language" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lincos_language" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&oldid=1227574472" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lincos_language&id=1227574472&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLincos_language"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLincos_language"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lincos_language&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q676619" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constructed language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lincos_language" title="Special:EditPage/Lincos language">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lincos+language%22">"Lincos language"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lincos+language%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lincos+language%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lincos+language%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lincos+language%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lincos+language%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: white; background-color: #114057;">Lincos</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Freudenthal" title="Hans Freudenthal">Hans Freudenthal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Setting and usage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed language</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">engineered language</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Lincos</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Sources</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/A_priori_(languages)" class="mw-redirect" title="A priori (languages)">a priori</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: white; background-color: #114057;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/">art-x-lincos</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Lincos</b> (an abbreviation of the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> phrase <i>lingua cosmica</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed language</a> first described in 1960 by Dr. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Freudenthal" title="Hans Freudenthal">Hans Freudenthal</a> in his book <i>Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse, Part 1</i>. It is a language designed to be understandable by any possible intelligent <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">extraterrestrial life</a> form, for use in interstellar <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> transmissions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freudenthal considered that such a language should be easily understood by beings not acquainted with any <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earthling</a> <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> or language. Lincos was designed to be capable of encapsulating "the whole bulk of our knowledge".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepts_and_range">Concepts and range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Concepts and range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Lincos "<a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a>" is intended to be transmitted first before any additional messages. It teaches natural numbers by a series of repeated pulses, separated by pauses. It then teaches >, <, =, +, -, by examples such as <b>. . . . . > . . .</b> (an extended pause is shown around > in this example so as to suggest to an alien that > is a new separate symbol; otherwise, an alien might think that the whole pattern is a new symbol of unknown meaning). In introducing =, unary notation is shown for numbers: <b>.</b> = 1, <b>. .</b> = 2, and so on. This progresses to multiplication, division, variables, and constants, then <a href="/wiki/Propositional_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Propositional logic">propositional logic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Set_theory" title="Set theory">set theory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/First-order_logic" title="First-order logic">first-order logic</a>. The dictionary tries to introduce questions by leaving mathematical expressions unsolved (e.g., ? x x + 101 = 11).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The next section of the Lincos dictionary introduces a word for <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a>, "Sec", by playing pulses of various lengths, followed by Sec, and the number of seconds, "until the receiver may be expected to remark that the numbers... are proportional to the durations",<sup id="cite_ref-lincos_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lincos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus teaching both that Sec is a unit of time, and exactly how long it is. It then introduces means for measuring durations, referring to moments in time, and talking about past and future events.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Freudenthal's third section is perhaps the most complex, and attempts to convey the concepts and language necessary to describe behavior and conversation between individuals. It uses examples to introduce actors speaking to each other, asking questions, disapproving, quoting other people, knowing and wanting things, promising, and playing. The first steps (having already introduced sets of numbers and questions) are to introduce some new symbols (distinctive patterns of pulses), say that they are NOT numbers, and transmit sequences showing two of these new symbols separated by the word "Inq" (inquiry), followed by a question about an equation, then the symbols reversed, followed by the answer (example below). It is thus expected that, after many repetitions, the recipient will determine that these new symbols are entities asking and answering the questions, rather than some other context for the questions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Finally, the fourth section describes the concepts and language relating to <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">space</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Motion_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion (physics)">motion</a>. This last section goes so far as to describe physical features of human beings and of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second book by Freudenthal, planned but never written, would have added four more sections to the dictionary: "Matter", "Earth", "Life", and "Behavior 2". Other researchers have since extended the language somewhat on their own. One example is <a href="/wiki/CosmicOS" title="CosmicOS">CosmicOS</a>. Another is a second-generation <i>Lingua Cosmica</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> developed by the Dutch-Swedish astronomer and mathematician <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ollongren" title="Alexander Ollongren">Alexander Ollongren</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Constructive_logic" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructive logic">constructive logic</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Freudenthal's book on Lincos discusses it with many technical words from linguistic and logical theory, usually without defining them, which may have reduced its general interest, though the main chapters can be understood without these technical terms: appellatives, binding, formalization, function, lexicology, logistical, ostensive, quasi-general, semantics, syntax, variables, etc.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For decades, no actual transmissions were made using Lincos; it remained largely a theoretical exercise, until <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Astrophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysicist">astrophysicists</a> <a href="/wiki/Yvan_Dutil" title="Yvan Dutil">Yvan Dutil</a> and <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dumas_(astrophysicist)" title="Stéphane Dumas (astrophysicist)">Stéphane Dumas</a>, working at the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Canada" title="Defence Research and Development Canada">Canadian Defense Research Establishment</a>, created a noise-resistant coding system for messages aimed at <a href="/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">communicating with extraterrestrial civilizations</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Reference needed describing the coding and its relation to Lincos (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1999, the astrophysicists encoded a message in Lincos and used the <a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria_RT-70_radio_telescope" title="Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope">Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> to beam it towards close stars. This is known as <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Call" title="Cosmic Call">Cosmic Call</a>. The experiment was repeated (using other close stars as target) in 2003. The message was a series of pages describing some basic mathematics, physics and astronomy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutil–Dumas experiment was promoted by an organization called <i>Encounter 2001</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">researchers</a> have explored the similar issues in communicating with intelligent animals such as <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetaceans</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Reliable source needed (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lincos messages (even if sent by pulses of sound rather than radio) are complex and need to reach the most patient, logically oriented members of the target species. A far simpler approach aimed at average members of a species can cover numbers, >, <, =, +, -, and time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An example of Lincos from section 3 of Freudenthal's book, showing one individual asking another individual questions:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Lincos text </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ha</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> ?<i>x</i> 2<i>x</i>=5 </td> <td>Ha says to Hb: What is the x such that 2x=5? </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hb</i> Inq <i>Ha</i> 5/2 </td> <td>Hb says to Ha: 5/2. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ha</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> Ben </td> <td>Ha says to Hb: Good. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ha</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> ?<i>x</i> 4<i>x</i>=10 </td> <td>Ha says to Hb: What is the x such that 4x=10? </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hb</i> Inq <i>Ha</i> 10/4 </td> <td>Hb says to Ha: 10/4. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ha</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> Mal </td> <td>Ha says to Hb: Bad. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hb</i> Inq <i>Ha</i> 1/4 </td> <td>Hb says to Ha: 1/4. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ha</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> Mal </td> <td>Ha says to Hb: Bad. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hb</i> Inq <i>Ha</i> 5/2 </td> <td>Hb says to Ha: 5/2. </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ha</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> Ben </td> <td>Ha says to Hb: Good. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note the difference between "good" and "bad" as compared to "true" and "false"; 10/4 is a true answer to the question, so <i>Ver</i> ("true") would be a valid response, but since it wasn't reduced to lowest terms, it wasn't what Ha wanted and so he responded <i>Mal</i> ("bad") instead. The book separately teaches Ver and Fal for true and false.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another example, showing meta-conversation:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Lincos text </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ha</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> ?<i>x</i> 4<i>x</i>=10 </td> <td>Ha says to Hb: What is the x such that 4x=10? </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hb</i> Inq <i>Hc</i> ?<i>y</i> <i>y</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> ?<i>x</i> 4<i>x</i>=10 </td> <td>Hb says to Hc: Who asked me for the x such that 4x=10? </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Hc</i> Inq <i>Hb</i> <i>Ha</i> </td> <td>Hc says to Hb: Ha. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_conlang.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Design_conlang.png/28px-Design_conlang.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Design_conlang.png/42px-Design_conlang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Design_conlang.png/56px-Design_conlang.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Constructed_languages" title="Portal:Constructed languages">Constructed languages portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_SETI" title="Active SETI">Active SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/METI_(Messaging_Extraterrestrial_Intelligence)" class="mw-redirect" title="METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence)">METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SETI" class="mw-redirect" title="SETI">SETI</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOberhaus2019" class="citation book cs1">Oberhaus, Daniel (2019-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-CWzDwAAQBAJ"><i>Extraterrestrial Languages</i></a>. MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-35527-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-35527-8"><bdi>978-0-262-35527-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1142708941">1142708941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extraterrestrial+Languages&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1142708941&rft.isbn=978-0-262-35527-8&rft.aulast=Oberhaus&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-CWzDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNidditch1962" class="citation journal cs1">Nidditch, P. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/3611676">"Lincos. Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse. Part 1. By H. Freudenthal. Pp. 224. 45s. 1960. (North Holland Publishing Co.) (Review)"</a>. <i>The Mathematical Gazette</i>. <b>46</b> (356): 164. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3611676">10.2307/3611676</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3611676">3611676</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:60625617">60625617</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mathematical+Gazette&rft.atitle=Lincos.+Design+of+a+Language+for+Cosmic+Intercourse.+Part+1.+By+H.+Freudenthal.+Pp.+224.+45s.+1960.+%28North+Holland+Publishing+Co.%29+%28Review%29&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=356&rft.pages=164&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A60625617%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3611676%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3611676&rft.aulast=Nidditch&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F3611676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lincos-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lincos_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreudenthal,_Hans1960" class="citation book cs1">Freudenthal, Hans (1960). <i>Lincos, Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse</i>. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/North-Holland_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="North-Holland Publishing Company">North-Holland</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincos%2C+Design+of+a+Language+for+Cosmic+Intercourse&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=North-Holland&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Freudenthal%2C+Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexanderollongren.nl">"This is the index page of Dr. Alexander Ollongren's home page"</a>. <i>alexanderollongren.nl</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alexanderollongren.nl&rft.atitle=This+is+the+index+page+of+Dr.+Alexander+Ollongren%27s+home+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexanderollongren.nl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProf._Allen_Tough" class="citation web cs1">Prof. Allen Tough. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieti.org/who/ollongre.htm">"Invitation to ETI: Alexander Ollongren"</a>. <i>ieti.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ieti.org&rft.atitle=Invitation+to+ETI%3A+Alexander+Ollongren&rft.au=Prof.+Allen+Tough&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fieti.org%2Fwho%2Follongre.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Webb, Stephen <i>Where Is Everybody?</i>, Praxis Publishing Ltd, 2002, p. 260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918042825/http://www.encounter2001.com/">"Encounter 2001, promoters of the experiment by Dutil and Dumas which encoded a message in Lincos and beamed it towards close stars"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encounter2001.com">the original</a> on 2015-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encounter+2001%2C+promoters+of+the+experiment+by+Dutil+and+Dumas+which+encoded+a+message+in+Lincos+and+beamed+it+towards+close+stars.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encounter2001.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreudenthal1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Freudenthal" title="Hans Freudenthal">Freudenthal, Hans</a> (1960). <i>Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse</i>. Amsterdam: North-Holland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincos%3A+Design+of+a+Language+for+Cosmic+Intercourse&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=North-Holland&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Freudenthal&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOllongren2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ollongren" title="Alexander Ollongren">Ollongren, Alexander</a> (2013). <i>Astrolinguistics</i>. New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013adls.book.....O">2013adls.book.....O</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astrolinguistics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013adls.book.....O&rft.aulast=Ollongren&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALincos+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Lincos language</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Lincos+language">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Lincos+language&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brunobassi.it/scritti/lincos.html">Were it Perfect, Would it Work Better? Survey of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse</a> (Bruno Bassi)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constructed_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constructed_languages" title="Template:Constructed languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constructed_languages" title="Template talk:Constructed languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constructed_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constructed languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constructed_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">Artistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">Fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_game" title="Language game">Language game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International auxiliary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_language" title="Experimental language">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_language" title="Musical language">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_language" title="Philosophical language">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific <br />languages<br /> by group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_auxiliary_language" title="International auxiliary language">International<br />auxiliary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babm" title="Babm">Babm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolak_language" title="Bolak language">Bolak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communicationssprache" title="Communicationssprache">Communicationssprache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjuvilo" title="Adjuvilo">Adjuvilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcaicam_Esperantom" title="Arcaicam Esperantom">Arcaicam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_II" title="Esperanto II">Esperanto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ido" title="Ido">Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundolinco" title="Mundolinco">Mundolinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Esperanto" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Esperanto">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1ni%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Romániço">Romániço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_(Esperantido)" title="Universal (Esperantido)">Universal</a></li> <li>other <a href="/wiki/Esperantido" title="Esperantido">esperantidos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosa" title="Glosa">Glosa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interglossa" title="Interglossa">Interglossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiom_Neutral" title="Idiom Neutral">Idiom Neutral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intal_language" title="Intal language">Intal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotava" title="Kotava">Kotava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_nouvelle" title="Langue nouvelle">Langue nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione" title="Latino sine flexione">Latino sine flexione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingwa_de_planeta" title="Lingwa de planeta">Lingwa de planeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondial_language" title="Mondial language">Mondial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_language" title="Neo language">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nal_Bino" title="Nal Bino">Nal Bino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novial" title="Novial">Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasilingua" title="Pasilingua">Pasilingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambahsa" title="Sambahsa">Sambahsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solresol" title="Solresol">Solresol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sona_(constructed_language)" title="Sona (constructed language)">Sona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unish" title="Unish">Unish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalglot" title="Universalglot">Universalglot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uropi" title="Uropi">Uropi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">Zonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrihili" title="Afrihili">Afrihili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budinos" title="Budinos">Budinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efatese_language" title="Efatese language">Efatese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurolengo" title="Eurolengo">Eurolengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guosa" title="Guosa">Guosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortat%C3%BCrk" title="Ortatürk">Ortatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanic_language" title="Pan-Germanic language">Pan-Germanic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tutonish" title="Tutonish">Tutonish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Romance_language" title="Pan-Romance language">Pan-Romance language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolatino_Romance" title="Neolatino Romance">Neolatino Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanid" title="Romanid">Romanid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runyakitara_language" title="Runyakitara language">Runyakitara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wede" title="Wede">Wede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weltdeutsch" title="Weltdeutsch">Weltdeutsch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engineered_language" title="Engineered language">Engineered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AUI_(constructed_language)" title="AUI (constructed language)">aUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Speedwords" title="Dutton Speedwords">Dutton Speedwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithkuil" title="Ithkuil">Ithkuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaba-X" title="Kalaba-X">Kalaba-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lincos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_generalis" title="Lingua generalis">Lingua generalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loglan" title="Loglan">Loglan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logopandecteision" title="Logopandecteision">Logopandecteision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_Towards_a_Real_Character,_and_a_Philosophical_Language" title="An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language">Real Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_language" title="Ro language">Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toki_Pona" title="Toki Pona">Toki Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fictional_language" title="Fictional language">Fictional</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Artistic_language" title="Artistic language">artistic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantean_language" title="Atlantean language">Atlantean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belter_Creole" title="Belter Creole">Belter Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brithenig" title="Brithenig">Brithenig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dritok" title="Dritok">Dritok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothraki_language" title="Dothraki language">Dothraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages" title="Elvish languages">Elvish languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Enchanta">Enchanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%93len" title="Kēlen">Kēlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliki_language" title="Kiliki language">Kiliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_language" title="Klingon language">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koba%C3%AFan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobaïan">Kobaïan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1adan" title="Láadan">Láadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapine_language" title="Lapine language">Lapine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loxian" title="Loxian">Loxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydnevi" title="Lydnevi">Lydnevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mänti">Mänti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_J._R._R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien">Middle-earth languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBnaic" title="Adûnaic">Adûnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Middle-earth_languages" title="Category:Middle-earth languages">more...</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%CA%BCvi_language" title="Naʼvi language">Naʼvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadsat" title="Nadsat">Nadsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simlish" title="Simlish">Simlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spocanian" title="Spocanian">Spocanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_Star_Wars" title="Languages in Star Wars"><i>Star Wars</i> languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syldavian" title="Syldavian">Syldavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teonaht" title="Teonaht">Teonaht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsoly%C3%A1ni_language" title="Tsolyáni language">Tsolyáni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_language" title="Utopian language">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valyrian_languages" title="Valyrian languages">Valyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venedic_language" title="Venedic language">Venedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdurian_language" title="Verdurian language">Verdurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenja_language" title="Wenja language">Wenja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual and other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balaibalan" title="Balaibalan">Balaibalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damin" title="Damin">Damin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_language" title="Eskayan language">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_ignota" title="Lingua ignota">Lingua ignota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">Palawa kani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed script">Constructed script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Tolkien's scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperantology" title="Esperantology">Esperantology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Secret_Vice" title="A Secret Vice">A Secret Vice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Words" title="Bridge of Words">Bridge of Words</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conlanging:_The_Art_of_Crafting_Tongues" title="Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues">Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Land_of_Invented_Languages" title="In the Land of Invented Languages">In the Land of Invented Languages</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Ricerca_della_Lingua_Perfetta_nella_Cultura_Europea" title="La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea">La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Ido" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Ido">Esperanto/Ido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Interlingua">Esperanto/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Esperanto_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Esperanto and Novial">Esperanto/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Ido and Interlingua">Ido/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Ido_and_Novial" title="Comparison between Ido and Novial">Ido/Novial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Interlingue_and_Interlingua" title="Comparison between Interlingue and Interlingua">Interlingue/Interlingua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_between_Lojban_and_Loglan" title="Comparison between Lojban and Loglan">Lojban/Loglan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Constructed_languages" title="Portal:Constructed languages">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_languages" title="List of constructed languages">List of constructed languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_creators" title="List of language creators">List of language creators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extraterrestrial_life" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template talk:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extraterrestrial_life" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Events and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shergotty_meteorite" title="Shergotty meteorite">Shergotty meteorite</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhla_meteorite" title="Nakhla meteorite">Nakhla meteorite</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murchison_meteorite" title="Murchison meteorite">Murchison meteorite</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_lander_biological_experiments" title="Viking lander biological experiments">Viking lander biological experiments</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_77005" title="Allan Hills 77005">Allan Hills 77005</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato 000593</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI1_fossils" title="CI1 fossils">CI1 fossils</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Signals of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Misidentified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSR_B1919%2B21" title="PSR B1919+21">CP 1919</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(misidentified pulsar)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTA-102" title="CTA-102">CTA-102</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(misidentified quasar)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Stars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabby%27s_Star" title="Tabby's Star">KIC 8462852</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_204278916" title="EPIC 204278916">EPIC 204278916</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVV-WIT-07" title="VVV-WIT-07">VVV-WIT-07</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_164595" title="HD 164595">HD 164595 signal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unknown origin)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHGb02%2B14a" title="SHGb02+14a">SHGb02+14a</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(radio source)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wow!_signal" title="Wow! signal">Wow! signal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(inconclusive)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_radio_burst" title="Fast radio burst">Fast radio burst</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(unknown origin)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLC1" title="BLC1">BLC1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(radio signal)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Life in the Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability_in_the_Solar_System" title="Planetary habitability in the Solar System">Planetary habitability in the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Venus" title="Life on Venus">Life on Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars" title="Life on Mars">Life on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Titan" title="Life on Titan">Life on Titan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary<br />habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalog_of_Nearby_Habitable_Systems" title="Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems">Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary habitability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology#Missions" title="Astrobiology">Space missions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Explorer" title="Enceladus Explorer">Enceladus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoLance" title="ExoLance">ExoLance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXPOSE" title="EXPOSE">EXPOSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foton-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Foton-M">Foton-M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">Journey to Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Mars sample-return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpopo_mission" title="Tanpopo mission">Tanpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Mare_Explorer" title="Titan Mare Explorer">Titan Mare Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Explorer">Venus In Situ Explorer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_communication" title="Interstellar communication">Interstellar<br />communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_SETI" title="Active SETI">Active SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Telescope_Array" title="Allen Telescope Array">Allen Telescope Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_message" title="Arecibo message">Arecibo message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_SETI_Research_Center" title="Berkeley SETI Research Center">Berkeley SETI Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracewell_probe" title="Bracewell probe">Bracewell probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauss%27s_Pythagorean_right_triangle_proposal" title="Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal">Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lincos language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIROSETI" title="NIROSETI">NIROSETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cyclops" title="Project Cyclops">Project Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Ozma" title="Project Ozma">Project Ozma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Phoenix_(SETI)" title="Project Phoenix (SETI)">Project Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERENDIP" title="SERENDIP">SERENDIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SETI@home" title="SETI@home">SETI@home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SetiQuest" title="SetiQuest">setiQuest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_hole_(radio)" title="Water hole (radio)">Water hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Xenolinguistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alleged_extraterrestrial_beings" title="List of alleged extraterrestrial beings">Types of alleged<br /> extraterrestrial beings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy beings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_alien" title="Grey alien">Grey aliens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insectoids_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectoids in science fiction">Insectoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men" title="Little green men">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_aliens" title="Nordic aliens">Nordic aliens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptilian_humanoid" title="Reptilian humanoid">Reptilian humanoids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Hypotheses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_pluralism" title="Cosmic pluralism">Cosmic pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directed_panspermia" title="Directed panspermia">Directed panspermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis">Extraterrestrial hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry" title="Hypothetical types of biochemistry">Hypothetical types of biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardashev_scale" title="Kardashev scale">Kardashev scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediocrity_principle" title="Mediocrity principle">Mediocrity principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a> solutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestivation_hypothesis" title="Aestivation hypothesis">Aestivation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berserker_hypothesis" title="Berserker hypothesis">Berserker hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_forest_hypothesis" title="Dark forest hypothesis">Dark forest hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firstborn_hypothesis" title="Firstborn hypothesis">Firstborn hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Filter" title="Great Filter">Great Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart%E2%80%93Tipler_conjecture" title="Hart–Tipler conjecture">Hart–Tipler conjecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatastrophism" title="Neocatastrophism">Neocatastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetarium_hypothesis" title="Planetarium hypothesis">Planetarium hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_Earth_hypothesis" title="Rare Earth hypothesis">Rare Earth hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_hypothesis" title="Zoo hypothesis">Zoo hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_extraterrestrial_life" title="Outline of extraterrestrial life">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroecology" title="Astroecology">Astroecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Report" title="Brookings Report">Brookings Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotheology" title="Exotheology">Exotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremophile" title="Extremophile">Extremophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemolithin" title="Hemolithin">Hemolithin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_extraterrestrial_life_debate" title="History of the extraterrestrial life debate">History of the extraterrestrial life debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERMOZ" title="MERMOZ">MERMOZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noosphere" title="Noosphere">Noogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_cultural_impact_of_extraterrestrial_contact" title="Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact">Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-detection_policy" title="Post-detection policy">Post-detection policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_Scale" title="San Marino Scale">San Marino Scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technosignature" title="Technosignature">Technosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interstellar_communications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interstellar_messages" title="Template:Interstellar messages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interstellar_messages" title="Template talk:Interstellar messages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interstellar_messages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interstellar messages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interstellar_communications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_communication" title="Interstellar communication">Interstellar communications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_SETI" title="Active SETI">Active SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Messages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_radio_messages" title="List of interstellar radio messages">List of interstellar radio messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Message_from_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="A Message from Earth">A Message from Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Across_the_Universe_(message)" title="Across the Universe (message)">Across the Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_message" title="Arecibo message">Arecibo message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracewell_probe" title="Bracewell probe">Bracewell probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Call" title="Cosmic Call">Cosmic Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CosmicOS" title="CosmicOS">CosmicOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hello_from_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Hello from Earth">Hello from Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Age_Message" title="Teen Age Message">Teen Age Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Drake" title="Frank Drake">Frank Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Druyan" title="Ann Druyan">Ann Druyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Freudenthal" title="Hans Freudenthal">Hans Freudenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_von_Hoerner" title="Sebastian von Hoerner">Sebastian von Hoerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kardashev" title="Nikolai Kardashev">Nikolai Kardashev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lomberg" title="Jon Lomberg">Jon Lomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Salzman_Sagan" title="Linda Salzman Sagan">Linda Salzman Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosif_Shklovsky" title="Iosif Shklovsky">Iosif Shklovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Leonidovich_Zaitsev" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Leonidovich Zaitsev">Aleksandr Zaitsev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archaeology,_Anthropology,_and_Interstellar_Communication" title="Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication">Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lincos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Guzman" title="Prix Guzman">Prix Guzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_Scale" title="San Marino Scale">San Marino Scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Interstellar_messages" title="Category:Interstellar messages">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Space">Space Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&oldid=1227574472">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&oldid=1227574472</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constructed_languages" title="Category:Constructed languages">Constructed languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Engineered_languages" title="Category:Engineered languages">Engineered languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Interstellar_messages" title="Category:Interstellar messages">Interstellar messages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knowledge_representation_languages" title="Category:Knowledge representation languages">Knowledge representation languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Category:Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960_introductions" title="Category:1960 introductions">1960 introductions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constructed_languages_introduced_in_the_1960s" title="Category:Constructed languages introduced in the 1960s">Constructed languages introduced in the 1960s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2022">Articles needing additional references from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_without_Glottolog_code" title="Category:Languages without Glottolog code">Languages without Glottolog code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_with_IETF_language_tag" title="Category:Language articles with IETF language tag">Language articles with IETF language tag</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conlangs_without_ISO_639-3_code" title="Category:Conlangs without ISO 639-3 code">Conlangs without ISO 639-3 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_with_neither_ISO_nor_Glottolog_code" title="Category:Languages with neither ISO nor Glottolog code">Languages with neither ISO nor Glottolog code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 June 2024, at 15:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincos_language&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r5tzf","wgBackendResponseTime":128,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.616","walltime":"0.825","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5623,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":129415,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8903,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":56450,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 710.904 1 -total"," 18.00% 127.979 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.25% 122.657 5 Template:Navbox"," 16.08% 114.325 1 Template:Infobox_language"," 13.66% 97.138 11 Template:Citation_needed"," 13.37% 95.058 4 Template:Cite_book"," 13.36% 94.985 1 Template:Constructed_languages"," 12.90% 91.696 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.34% 87.692 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 11.54% 82.055 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.353","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6661581,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-b8znh","timestamp":"20241122141443","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lincos language","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincos_language","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q676619","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q676619","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-12-20T05:01:13Z","dateModified":"2024-06-06T15:27:07Z","headline":"constructed language"}</script> </body> </html>