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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Catholic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Roman Catholic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Catholic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In the arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_the_arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In the arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_the_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visual_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Visual art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_adaptations_for_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_adaptations_for_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Notable adaptations for performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_adaptations_for_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_references_and_semi-adaptations_include" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_references_and_semi-adaptations_include"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Other references and semi-adaptations include</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_references_and_semi-adaptations_include-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_parable_in_Mahayana_Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_parable_in_Mahayana_Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Similar parable in Mahayana Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_parable_in_Mahayana_Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Verses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parable of the Prodigal Son</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%84" title="مثل الابن الضال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مثل الابن الضال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Прытча аб блудным сыне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прытча аб блудным сыне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A0bola_del_fill_pr%C3%B2dig" title="Paràbola del fill pròdig – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paràbola del fill pròdig" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podobenstv%C3%AD_o_marnotratn%C3%A9m_synu" title="Podobenství o marnotratném synu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podobenství o marnotratném synu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwana_Muparadzi" title="Mwana Muparadzi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mwana Muparadzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dameg_y_Mab_Afradlon" title="Dameg y Mab Afradlon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dameg y Mab Afradlon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_fortabte_s%C3%B8n" title="Den fortabte søn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den fortabte søn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verlorener_Sohn" title="Verlorener Sohn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verlorener Sohn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadunud_poja_tagasitulek" title="Kadunud poja tagasitulek – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kadunud poja tagasitulek" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CF%83%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Παραβολή του Ασώτου Υιού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραβολή του Ασώτου Υιού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A1bola_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo" title="Parábola del hijo pródigo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parábola del hijo pródigo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolo_de_la_erarinta_filo" title="Parabolo de la erarinta filo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parabolo de la erarinta filo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fils_prodigue" title="Fils prodigue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fils prodigue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likenis_fan_de_Ferlerne_Soan" title="Likenis fan de Ferlerne Soan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Likenis fan de Ferlerne Soan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mac_Drabhl%C3%A1sach" title="An Mac Drabhlásach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mac Drabhlásach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vechik_Put_Vopar" title="Vechik Put Vopar – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Vechik Put Vopar" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%95%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%98_%EB%B9%84%EC%9C%A0" title="탕자의 비유 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탕자의 비유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izgubljeni_sin" title="Izgubljeni sin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izgubljeni sin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perumpamaan_anak_yang_hilang" title="Perumpamaan anak yang hilang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perumpamaan anak yang hilang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola_del_figlio_prodigo" title="Parabola del figlio prodigo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parabola del figlio prodigo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%93" title="הבן האובד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבן האובד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola_del_Fioeu_Trason" title="Parabola del Fioeu Trason – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Parabola del Fioeu Trason" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Парабола за блудниот син – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парабола за блудниот син" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AE" title="ധൂർത്തപുത്രന്റെ ഉപമ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ധൂർത്തപുത്രന്റെ ഉപമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ابن ضال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن ضال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Parable of the Prodigal Son" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelijkenis_van_de_verloren_zoon" title="Gelijkenis van de verloren zoon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gelijkenis van de verloren zoon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_verleuren_z%C3%B6nne" title="De verleuren zönne – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="De verleuren zönne" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E8%95%A9%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%90%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A8%E3%81%88%E8%A9%B1" title="放蕩息子のたとえ話 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="放蕩息子のたとえ話" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80" title="ਉੜਾਊ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਦੀ ਵਾਪਸੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੜਾਊ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਦੀ ਵਾਪਸੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przypowie%C5%9B%C4%87_o_synu_marnotrawnym" title="Przypowieść o synu marnotrawnym – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przypowieść o synu marnotrawnym" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A1bola_do_filho_pr%C3%B3digo" title="Parábola do filho pródigo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Parábola do filho pródigo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola_fiului_risipitor" title="Parabola fiului risipitor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parabola fiului risipitor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinkasqa_Churi" title="Chinkasqa Churi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chinkasqa Churi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Притча о блудном сыне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Притча о блудном сыне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%ABmb%C3%ABlltyra_e_Djalit_Plangprish%C3%ABs" title="Shëmbëlltyra e Djalit Plangprishës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shëmbëlltyra e Djalit Plangprishës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Parable of the Prodigal Son" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Прича о блудном сину – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прича о блудном сину" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pri%C4%8Da_o_bludnom_sinu" title="Priča o bludnom sinu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Priča o bludnom sinu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhlaajapoikavertaus" title="Tuhlaajapoikavertaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuhlaajapoikavertaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liknelsen_om_den_f%C3%B6rlorade_sonen" title="Liknelsen om den förlorade sonen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liknelsen om den förlorade sonen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="ஊதாரி மைந்தன் உவமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊதாரி மைந்தன் உவமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B" title="อุปมาเรื่องบุตรหายไป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุปมาเรื่องบุตรหายไป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Притча про блудного сина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Притча про блудного сина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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Return of the Prodigal Son</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Parable from the Gospel of Luke</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Prodigal Son (disambiguation)">The Prodigal Son (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Return of the Prodigal Son (disambiguation)">The Return of the Prodigal Son (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeo_Batoni_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pompeo_Batoni_003.jpg/220px-Pompeo_Batoni_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pompeo_Batoni_003.jpg/330px-Pompeo_Batoni_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pompeo_Batoni_003.jpg/440px-Pompeo_Batoni_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2531" data-file-height="3519" /></a><figcaption><i>The Return of the Prodigal Son</i> (1773) by <a href="/wiki/Pompeo_Batoni" title="Pompeo Batoni">Pompeo Batoni</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Parable of the Prodigal Son</b> (also known as the parable of the <b>Two Brothers</b>, <b>Lost Son</b>, <b>Loving Father</b>, or of the <b>Forgiving Father</b>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Παραβολή του Ασώτου Υιού</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Parabolē tou Asōtou Huiou</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">parables of Jesus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">the Bible</a>, appearing in <a href="/wiki/Luke_15" title="Luke 15">Luke 15</a>:11–32.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Luke 15, Jesus is telling this story, along with those of a man with 100 sheep and a woman with ten coins, to a group of <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> and religious leaders who kept on criticizing him for welcoming and eating with tax collectors and others seen as sinners. </p><p>The Prodigal Son is the third and final parable of a cycle on redemption, following the parables of <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Sheep" title="Parable of the Lost Sheep">the Lost Sheep</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Coin" title="Parable of the Lost Coin">the Lost Coin</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Revised_Common_Lectionary" title="Revised Common Lectionary">Revised Common Lectionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a> Catholic <a href="/wiki/Lectionary" title="Lectionary">Lectionary</a>, this parable is read on the fourth Sunday of <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Lectionary#Three_year_cycle" title="Lectionary">Year C</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the latter it is also included in the long form of the Gospel on the 24th Sunday of <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a> in Year C, along with the preceding two parables of the cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> it is read on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Sunday of the Prodigal Son</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Narrative">Narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_(Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue)_-_James_Tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_%28Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_%28Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_%28Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_%28Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_%28Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_%28Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a> – <i>The Return of the Prodigal Son</i> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le retour de l'enfant prodigue</i></span>) – <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The parable begins with a wealthy man who had two sons, the younger of whom asks for his share of the man's estate. The implication is the son did not want to wait for his father's death to receive his inheritance, and instead wanted it immediately. The father agrees and divides his estate between the two sons. </p><p>Upon receiving his portion of the inheritance, the younger son travels to a distant country, where he squanders his wealth through reckless living. He runs out of money just before a severe <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> strikes the land, leaving him desperately poor and forced to take a filthy and low-paying job as a <a href="/wiki/Swineherd" title="Swineherd">swineherd</a>. He reaches the point of envying the food of the pigs he is feeding. At this time, he finally comes to his senses:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, and am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants. And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Luke 15:17–20, <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">KJV</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This implies that the father was watching hopefully for the son's return. The son starts his rehearsed speech, admitting his sins, and declaring himself unworthy of being his father's son but does not even finish before his father accepts him back without hesitation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The father calls for his servants to dress the son in the finest robe and put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet and to slaughter the "<a href="/wiki/Fatted_calf" title="Fatted calf">fatted calf</a>" for a celebratory meal. </p><p>The older son, who was at work in the fields, hears the sound of celebration and is told by a slave about the return of his younger brother. He is not impressed and becomes angry. He also has a speech for his father:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And he answering said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends: but as soon as this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Luke 15:29–30, KJV</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The parable stops with the father explaining that while the older son has always been present and that everything the father owns also belongs to the older son, because the younger son had returned, in a sense, from the dead, celebration was necessary:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Luke 15:32, KJV</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_verloren_zoon,_Peter_Paul_Rubens,_(1618),_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen,_781.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/De_verloren_zoon%2C_Peter_Paul_Rubens%2C_%281618%29%2C_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen%2C_781.jpg/220px-De_verloren_zoon%2C_Peter_Paul_Rubens%2C_%281618%29%2C_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen%2C_781.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/De_verloren_zoon%2C_Peter_Paul_Rubens%2C_%281618%29%2C_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen%2C_781.jpg/330px-De_verloren_zoon%2C_Peter_Paul_Rubens%2C_%281618%29%2C_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen%2C_781.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/De_verloren_zoon%2C_Peter_Paul_Rubens%2C_%281618%29%2C_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen%2C_781.jpg/440px-De_verloren_zoon%2C_Peter_Paul_Rubens%2C_%281618%29%2C_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen%2C_781.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5315" data-file-height="4119" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(painting,_Rubens)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prodigal Son (painting, Rubens)">The Prodigal Son</a></i>, a 1618 painting by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> portraying the son as a <a href="/wiki/Swineherd" title="Swineherd">swineherd</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sebald_Beham_Der_verlorene_Sohn_h%C3%BCtet_seine_Schweine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sebald_Beham_Der_verlorene_Sohn_h%C3%BCtet_seine_Schweine.jpg/220px-Sebald_Beham_Der_verlorene_Sohn_h%C3%BCtet_seine_Schweine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sebald_Beham_Der_verlorene_Sohn_h%C3%BCtet_seine_Schweine.jpg/330px-Sebald_Beham_Der_verlorene_Sohn_h%C3%BCtet_seine_Schweine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Sebald_Beham_Der_verlorene_Sohn_h%C3%BCtet_seine_Schweine.jpg/440px-Sebald_Beham_Der_verlorene_Sohn_h%C3%BCtet_seine_Schweine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of the Prodigal Son as a swineherd by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Sebald_Beham" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Sebald Beham">Hans Sebald Beham</a>, 1538</figcaption></figure> <p>The opening, "A man had two sons" is a storyteller's trope and would immediately bring to mind <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_and_Esau" title="Jacob and Esau">Jacob and Esau</a>. Jesus then confounds the listeners' expectations when the younger son is shown to be foolish.<sup id="cite_ref-Levine_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While a number of commentators see the request of the younger son for his share of the inheritance as "brash, even insolent"<sup id="cite_ref-AH_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "tantamount to wishing that the father was dead,"<sup id="cite_ref-AH_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Jackson_(professor)" title="Bernard Jackson (professor)">Bernard Jackson</a> says "Jewish sources give no support to [the idea] that the prodigal, in seeking the advance, wishes his father dead."<sup id="cite_ref-Levine_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The young man's actions do not lead to success; he squanders his inheritance and he eventually becomes an indentured servant, with the degrading job of looking after pigs, and even envying them for the <a href="/wiki/Carob_pod" class="mw-redirect" title="Carob pod">carob pods</a> they eat.<sup id="cite_ref-AH_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This recalls <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a> 29:3: "Whoever loves wisdom gives joy to his father, but whoever consorts with harlots squanders his wealth."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>v<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon his return, his father treats the young man with a generosity far more than he has a right to expect.<sup id="cite_ref-AH_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is given the best robe, a ring for his finger, and sandals for his feet.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vi<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish philosopher <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a> observes:<sup id="cite_ref-Levine_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Parents often do not lose thought for their wastrel (<i>asoton</i>) children<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] In the same way, God too<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] takes thought also for those who live a misspent life, thereby giving them time for reformation, and also keeping within the bounds His own merciful nature.</p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pesikta_Rabbati" title="Pesikta Rabbati">Pesikta Rabbati</a> has a similar story:<sup id="cite_ref-Levine_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levine-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A king had a son who had gone astray from his father on a journey of a hundred days. His friends said to him, 'Return to your father.' He said, 'I cannot.' Then his father sent word, 'Return as far as you can, and I will come the rest of the way to you.' So God says, 'Return to me, and I will return to you.'</p></blockquote> <p>The older son, in contrast, seems to think in terms of "law, merit, and reward,"<sup id="cite_ref-AH_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than "love and graciousness."<sup id="cite_ref-AH_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may represent the <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> who were criticizing Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-AH_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Leviticus_Rabbah" title="Leviticus Rabbah">Leviticus Rabbah</a> 13:4 also contains a short saying that matches the character of the parable:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>R. Aha has said: When a Jew has to resort to carobs, he repents.</p></blockquote> <p>The last few verses of the parable summarize the tale in accordance with the Jewish teaching of the two ways of acting: the way of life (obedience) and the way of death (sin).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God, according to Judaism, rejoices over and grants more graces to repentant sinners than righteous souls who do not need repentance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Sheep" title="Parable of the Lost Sheep">Parable of the Lost Sheep</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Coin" title="Parable of the Lost Coin">Parable of the Lost Coin</a>, this is the last of three parables about loss and redemption that Jesus tells after the Pharisees and religious leaders accuse him of welcoming and eating with "sinners."<sup id="cite_ref-RNL_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNL-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The father's joy described in the parable reflects divine love:<sup id="cite_ref-RNL_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNL-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "boundless mercy of God,"<sup id="cite_ref-Ignatius_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ignatius-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "God's refusal to limit the measure of his grace."<sup id="cite_ref-RNL_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNL-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic">Catholic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Catholic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Justus_Knecht" title="Justus Knecht">Justus Knecht</a>, like others, breaks this parable into three parts noting that, "The father in the parable signifies God; the elder son, the just; and the younger son, the sinner." In the first part: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Man begins to fall away from God by allowing unlawful desires to take possession of his heart. In consequence, he will soon come to regard God's commandments as so many fetters, and to long for greater licence. He loses all taste for prayer and the word of God, and imagines that he would be a happier man if he could live according to his passions. Having thus separated himself inwardly from God, an outward separation speedily follows. He renounces the friendship of good men, neglects the services of the Church and the frequenting of the Sacraments, follows his own way, and shamelessly transgresses God's commandments. He then goes into a strange and distant land, namely further and further from God: The "far country", says <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a>, "signifies the forgetfulness of God". Almighty God lets the sinner go his own way, for He has given to man free-will, and does not want a forced obedience, but an obedience springing from love.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Roger_Baxter" title="Roger Baxter">Roger Baxter</a> in his <i>Meditations</i> describes the second part: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As soon as this young prodigal had left his father's house he fell into misfortunes. "He began to be in want." Thus sinners who estrange themselves from the sacraments, from exhortation, and the company of the virtuous, soon begin to be in want of spiritual subsistence. "He joined himself to one of the citizens of that country," as a servant. Every sinner is a slave to the Devil; and as the citizen employed the prodigal youth in feeding swine, so the Devil employs his followers in gratifying their own sensual appetites, which brutalize human nature. The prodigal attempted to satisfy his hunger, by feeding on the husks of swine, but he did not succeed: neither can the sinner succeed in filling the capacity of his immortal soul by earthly gratifications.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthodox">Orthodox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orthodox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_return_of_the_prodigal_son,_Elena_Murariu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_return_of_the_prodigal_son%2C_Elena_Murariu.jpg/220px-The_return_of_the_prodigal_son%2C_Elena_Murariu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_return_of_the_prodigal_son%2C_Elena_Murariu.jpg/330px-The_return_of_the_prodigal_son%2C_Elena_Murariu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/The_return_of_the_prodigal_son%2C_Elena_Murariu.jpg/440px-The_return_of_the_prodigal_son%2C_Elena_Murariu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4875" data-file-height="4835" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a> of the Prodigal Son, with Christ and a repentant Christian, by <a href="/wiki/Elena_Murariu" title="Elena Murariu">Elena Murariu</a> (2018)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, the parable of the Prodigal Son is central to the Christian understanding emphasizing God's boundless love for humanity. Archpriest <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Potapov_(priest)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Potapov (priest) (page does not exist)">Victor Potapov</a> encapsulates this as "a multitude of themes...difficult to enumerate", including the historical contrast between God's chosen people and the pagans, the nature of sin (one reason why the parable is read on the third Sunday before <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a>, also including the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a> time to encourage spiritual discipline and refreshment),<sup id="cite_ref-frjames_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frjames-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the process and blessings of repentance. The Father’s forgiving embrace represents God's joy in receiving sinners who return to Him with humility and remorse. It is as an allegory of the Church, with elements like <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> symbolized through the Father’s gifts to his son.<sup id="cite_ref-avp_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Fr. Potapov cites, Saint <a href="/wiki/Theophan_the_Recluse" title="Theophan the Recluse">Theophan the Recluse</a> compares the sinner with a man sunk into a deep sleep, and in his turning to God he notes three psychological moments that correspond to the parable's events: 1. Awakening from the sleep of sin (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2015:17&version=nrsv">Luke 15:17</a>); 2. The ripening of resolve to forsake sin and dedicate himself to pleasing God (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2015:17–21&version=nrsv">Luke 15:17–21</a>); 3. Investing the sinner with divine power for this in the "Mysteries of Repentance and Communion".<sup id="cite_ref-avp_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avp-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fr. James Guirguis puts the message in both plainspoken terms, yet also quoting Saint <a href="/wiki/Tikhon_of_Zadonsk" title="Tikhon of Zadonsk">Tikhon of Zadonsk</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-frjames_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frjames-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>How God longs to see us come home! How God longs to embrace us and forgive us and restore us to a place of honor, to celebrate our return! How God longs to see those who are dead, restored back to life and health so that they might dwell with Him! </p><p>The whole universe of God’s mercy and forgiveness is open wide to receive those who will repent and return. May we do so without hesitation, as St. Tikhon of Zadonsk writes, </p><p> “Sinners that repent are still saved; both publicans and fornicators cleansed by repentance enter into the Kingdom of Heaven. The compassionate God still calls to Himself all that have turned away, and He awaits them and promises them mercy. The loving Father still receives His prodigal sons come back from a far country and He opens the doors of His house and clothes them in the best robe, and gives them each a ring on their hand and shoes on their feet and commands all the saints to rejoice in them.” + <i>St. Tikhon of Zadonsk: Journey to Heaven Part II: The Way of Salvation</i></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration_and_use">Commemoration and use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commemoration and use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prodigal_Son_CHS_cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Prodigal_Son_CHS_cathedral.jpg/220px-Prodigal_Son_CHS_cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Prodigal_Son_CHS_cathedral.jpg/330px-Prodigal_Son_CHS_cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Prodigal_Son_CHS_cathedral.jpg/440px-Prodigal_Son_CHS_cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass_window" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained glass window">Stained glass window</a> based on the parable, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_(Charleston,_South_Carolina)" title="Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist (Charleston, South Carolina)">Charleston, South Carolina</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orthodox_2">Orthodox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Orthodox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> traditionally reads this story on the Sunday of the Prodigal Son,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in their <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">liturgical year</a> is the Sunday before Meatfare Sunday and about two weeks before the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a>. One common <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">kontakion</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymn</a> of the occasion reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>I have recklessly forgotten Your glory, O Father;<br /> And among sinners I have scattered the riches which You gave to me.<br /> And now I cry to You as the Prodigal:<br /> I have sinned before You, O merciful Father;<br /> Receive me as a penitent and make me as one of Your hired servants. </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Catholic">Roman Catholic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Roman Catholic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his 1984 <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_exhortation" title="Apostolic exhortation">apostolic exhortation</a> titled, in Latin, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Reconciliatio_et_paenitentia" title="Reconciliatio et paenitentia">Reconciliatio et paenitentia</a></i></span> ('Reconciliation and Penance'), <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> used this parable to explain the process of conversion and <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Reconciliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrament of Reconciliation">reconciliation</a>. Emphasizing that <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> is "rich in mercy" and always ready to forgive, he stated that reconciliation is a "gift on his part". He stated that for the Church her "mission of reconciliation is the initiative, full of compassionate love and mercy, of that God who is love."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also explored the issues raised by this parable in his second <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Dives_in_misericordia" title="Dives in misericordia">Dives in misericordia</a></i></span> ('Rich in Mercy'), issued in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_arts">In the arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In the arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn_-_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn_-_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn_-_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn_-_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn_-_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn_-_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn_-_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="22991" data-file-height="30000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_(Rembrandt)" title="The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)">The Return of the Prodigal Son</a></i> 1662–1669 (<a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St Petersburg">St Petersburg</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_van_Honthorst_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gerard_van_Honthorst_004.jpg/220px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gerard_van_Honthorst_004.jpg/330px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gerard_van_Honthorst_004.jpg/440px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Honthorst" title="Gerard van Honthorst">Gerard van Honthorst</a>, 1623, like many works of the period, allows a genre scene with moral content.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_art">Visual art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Visual art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the roughly 30 parables in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">canonical Gospels</a>, the Parable of the Prodigal Son was one of four that were shown in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">medieval art</a>—along with that of the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Wise and Foolish Virgins</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Dives and Lazarus</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a>—almost to the exclusion of the others, though not mixed in with the narrative scenes of the <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The <a href="/wiki/Labourers_in_the_Vineyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Labourers in the Vineyard">Laborers in the Vineyard</a> also appears in <a href="/wiki/Early_Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Medieval">Early Medieval</a> works.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Scenes of the prodigal son were a popular subject in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer's</a> 1496 <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> is a famous example.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the seventeenth-century, <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a> depicted several scenes from the parable, especially the final episode, which he etched, drew, or painted on several occasions during his career.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least one of Rembrandt's works—<i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_in_the_Brothel" title="The Prodigal Son in the Brothel">The Prodigal Son in the Tavern</a></i>, is a portrait of himself as the son reveling with his wife.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Barnard)" title="The Prodigal Son (Barnard)">The Prodigal Son</a></i> is a sculpture in Harrisburg, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, by <a href="/wiki/George_Grey_Barnard" title="George Grey Barnard">George Grey Barnard</a> that depicts the loving reunion of the father and son from the "Parable of the Prodigal Son."<sup id="cite_ref-Strazdes_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strazdes-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 15th and 16th centuries, the theme was such a sufficiently popular subject that the 'Prodigal Son play' can be seen as a subgenre of the English <a href="/wiki/Morality_play" title="Morality play">morality play</a>. Examples include <i>The Rare Triumphs of Love and Fortune</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Disobedient_Child" title="The Disobedient Child">The Disobedient Child</a></i>, and <i>Acolastus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_adaptations_for_performance">Notable adaptations for performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable adaptations for performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Many of these adaptations added to the original Biblical material to lengthen the story. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal" title="The Prodigal">The Prodigal</a></i> (1955) film took considerable liberties, such as adding a temptress priestess of <a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a> to the tale.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A 1680 <i>Filius prodigus</i>, H.399 & H.399 a, oratorio by <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a></li> <li>An <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Sullivan)" title="The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)">1869 oratorio</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan" title="Arthur Sullivan">Arthur Sullivan</a>;</li> <li>An 1880 opera by <a href="/wiki/Amilcare_Ponchielli" title="Amilcare Ponchielli">Amilcare Ponchielli</a>;</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/L%27enfant_prodigue" title="L'enfant prodigue">1884 cantata</a> by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>;</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prodigal Son (ballet)">1929 ballet</a> choreographed by <a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">George Balanchine</a> to music by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Prokofiev" title="Sergei Prokofiev">Sergei Prokofiev</a>;</li> <li>A 1957 ballet by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hugo Alfvén">Hugo Alfvén</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Britten)" title="The Prodigal Son (Britten)">1968 opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parable is referenced in the last verse of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk</a> tune "<a href="/wiki/The_Wild_Rover" title="The Wild Rover">The Wild Rover</a>": </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>I'll go home to me parents, confess what I've done<br /> and I'll ask them to pardon their prodigal son </p> </div></blockquote> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Jump_Around" title="Jump Around">Jump Around</a>" by the Los Angeles rap group <a href="/wiki/House_of_Pain" title="House of Pain">House of Pain</a> (1992) includes a verse by member <a href="/wiki/Everlast_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Everlast (musician)">Everlast</a>, who references the parable as well as the Bible itself: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Word to your moms, I came to drop bombs<br /> I got more rhymes than the Bible's got Psalms<br /> And just like the Prodigal Son I've returned<br /> Anyone stepping to me you'll get burned </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_references_and_semi-adaptations_include">Other references and semi-adaptations include</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other references and semi-adaptations include"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Prodigal Son" by Reverend <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilkins" title="Robert Wilkins">Robert Wilkins</a>, which tells the story of the parable, is probably better known by the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a> cover version, which is featured on <i><a href="/wiki/Beggars_Banquet" title="Beggars Banquet">Beggars Banquet</a></i> (1968).</li> <li>"Prodigal Man", written by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Nugent" title="Ted Nugent">Ted Nugent</a>, was performed by <a href="/wiki/The_Amboy_Dukes_(band)" title="The Amboy Dukes (band)">The Amboy Dukes</a> as the second track of their third album <a href="/wiki/Migration_(The_Amboy_Dukes_album)" title="Migration (The Amboy Dukes album)"><i>Migration</i></a> (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_Me_In_(The_Osmonds_song)" title="Let Me In (The Osmonds song)">Let Me In</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Osmonds" title="The Osmonds">The Osmonds</a> presents a version of the parable as part of their <a href="/wiki/Mormon_music" title="Mormon music">Mormon</a> <a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">concept album</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Plan_(The_Osmonds_album)" title="The Plan (The Osmonds album)">The Plan</a></i> (1973), and was a hit song in its time.</li> <li>"Prodigal Son" by <a href="/wiki/Steel_Pulse" title="Steel Pulse">Steel Pulse</a>, featured on the British Reggae band's debut album <i><a href="/wiki/Handsworth_Revolution" title="Handsworth Revolution">Handsworth Revolution</a></i> (1979), recreates the Biblical story as a <a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafarian</a> parable.</li> <li>"Prodigal Son" by <a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British heavy-metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a> appears on their second album <i><a href="/wiki/Killers_(Iron_Maiden_album)" title="Killers (Iron Maiden album)">Killers</a></i> (1981).</li> <li>"The First Time" by <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>, featured on <a href="/wiki/Zooropa" title="Zooropa">Zooropa</a> (1993), is based on the parable but suggests an alternate ending to the story.</li> <li>"Make Me A Servant" by <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Willard" title="Kelly Willard">Kelly Willard</a> (1982) could be argued as being based on what the son says to his father when he returns home.</li> <li>"The Prodigal Son Suite" by <a href="/wiki/Keith_Green" title="Keith Green">Keith Green</a> is featured on his <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Keith_Green_album)" title="The Prodigal Son (Keith Green album)">The Prodigal Son</a></i> (1983) album and is one of the first posthumous releases by the late piano player and gospel singer.</li> <li>"When God Ran" by <a href="/wiki/Benny_Hester" title="Benny Hester">Benny Hester</a> (1985), which is based on the parable, is another such song from the 1980s <a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian music</a> scene.</li> <li>"Who Cares?" by <a href="/wiki/Extreme_(band)" title="Extreme (band)">Extreme</a> was influenced by the parable and appears on the album <i><a href="/wiki/III_Sides_to_Every_Story" title="III Sides to Every Story">III Sides to Every Story</a></i> (1992).</li> <li>"Prodigal Son" by <a href="/wiki/Kid_Rock" title="Kid Rock">Kid Rock</a> appears on his second album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Polyfuze_Method" title="The Polyfuze Method">The Polyfuze Method</a></i> (1993). The Detroit musician later re-recorded the track for his <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Rock" title="The History of Rock">History of Rock</a></i> (2000) <a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compilation album</a>.</li> <li>"She Walked Away" by <a href="/wiki/BarlowGirl" title="BarlowGirl">BarlowGirl</a> was influenced by the parable<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is featured on the <a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a> trio's 2004 <a href="/wiki/BarlowGirl_(album)" title="BarlowGirl (album)">self-titled album</a>.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_(Neal_Morse_album)" title="One (Neal Morse album)">One</a>" a progressive rock concept album released by <a href="/wiki/Neal_Morse" title="Neal Morse">Neal Morse</a> in 2004 is based on the prodigal son story.</li> <li>"The Prodigal Son" by the <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">"Indie" rock</a> band, <a href="/wiki/Two_Gallants_(band)" title="Two Gallants (band)">Two Gallants</a>, as part of their <i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Toll_Tells" title="What the Toll Tells">What the Toll Tells</a></i> (2006) album.</li> <li>"The Prodigal Son's Prayer" by country artist <a href="/wiki/Dierks_Bentley" title="Dierks Bentley">Dierks Bentley</a>, featured on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Long_Trip_Alone" title="Long Trip Alone">Long Trip Alone</a></i> (2006), is based on the son's perspective of coming home after he's ruined himself in the world.</li> <li>"Please Come Home" by <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Kensrue" title="Dustin Kensrue">Dustin Kensrue</a> is the titular song of the <a href="/wiki/Please_Come_Home" title="Please Come Home">album of the same name</a> released in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Prodigal Son" by <a href="/wiki/Bad_Religion" title="Bad Religion">Bad Religion</a> is featured on <a href="/wiki/New_Maps_of_Hell_(Bad_Religion_album)" title="New Maps of Hell (Bad Religion album)"><i>New Maps of Hell</i></a> (2007).</li> <li>"Prodigal Son" by rock band <a href="/wiki/Sevendust" title="Sevendust">Sevendust</a> is featured on <i><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VII:_Hope_%26_Sorrow" title="Chapter VII: Hope & Sorrow">Chapter VII: Hope and Sorrow</a></i> (2008).</li> <li>"Modern Day Prodigal Son" by <a href="/wiki/Brantley_Gilbert" title="Brantley Gilbert">Brantley Gilbert</a> is featured on <a href="/wiki/A_Modern_Day_Prodigal_Son" title="A Modern Day Prodigal Son">the album of the same name</a> from 2009.</li> <li>"Prodigal Son" by <a href="/wiki/Gideon_(band)" title="Gideon (band)">Gideon</a> appears on the <a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">post-hardcore</a> band's second album <i><a href="/wiki/Milestone_(Gideon_album)" title="Milestone (Gideon album)">Milestone</a></i> (2012).</li> <li>The parable is used as inspiration for several songs in <a href="/wiki/The_Oh_Hellos" title="The Oh Hellos">The Oh Hellos</a>' album 'Through the Deep Dark Valley'.</li> <li>"Prodigal Son" by <a href="/wiki/Jamie%27s_Elsewhere" title="Jamie's Elsewhere">Jamie's Elsewhere</a>, a post-hardcore band.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Left_Hand_Free" title="Left Hand Free">Left Hand Free</a>" by English indie rock band <a href="/wiki/Alt-J" title="Alt-J">alt-J</a> (2014) references the parable in the first verse.</li> <li>"Prodigal" by <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk_Prophets" title="Sidewalk Prophets">Sidewalk Prophets</a> is included in the Christian band's <i><a href="/wiki/Something_Different_(Sidewalk_Prophets_album)" title="Something Different (Sidewalk Prophets album)">Something Different</a></i> (2015) album. The song is uplifting, with lyrics that are directed towards the titular Son from the parable, or any person who is or has felt like they are in a similar situation.</li> <li>"When the Prodigal Comes Home" by gospel artists <a href="/wiki/Tribute_Quartet" title="Tribute Quartet">Tribute Quartet</a> (2016).</li> <li>"Fire in Bone" is a retelling of the parable by the rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Killers" title="The Killers">the Killers</a>, featured on their album <i><a href="/wiki/Imploding_the_Mirage" title="Imploding the Mirage">Imploding the Mirage</a></i> (2020).</li> <li>"Prodigal" by Texas southern rock band <a href="/wiki/Blacktop_Mojo" title="Blacktop Mojo">Blacktop Mojo</a> on their album 'Burn The Ships' (2017).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L_Spada_Regreso_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo_Museo_del_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L_Spada_Regreso_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo_Museo_del_Louvre.jpg/220px-L_Spada_Regreso_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo_Museo_del_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L_Spada_Regreso_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo_Museo_del_Louvre.jpg/330px-L_Spada_Regreso_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo_Museo_del_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L_Spada_Regreso_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo_Museo_del_Louvre.jpg/440px-L_Spada_Regreso_del_hijo_pr%C3%B3digo_Museo_del_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The Return of the Prodigal Son (<a href="/wiki/Leonello_Spada" title="Leonello Spada">Leonello Spada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Another literary tribute to this parable is Dutch theologian <a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a>'s 1992 book, <i>The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Story of Homecoming</i>, in which he describes his own spiritual journey infused with understanding, based on an encounter with <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>'s painting that depicts the son's return. The book deals with three personages: the younger, prodigal son; the <a href="/wiki/Self-righteous" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-righteous">self-righteous</a>, resentful older son; and the <a href="/wiki/Compassion" title="Compassion">compassionate</a> father—all of whom the author identifies with personally.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier work with similarities to the parable is "<i><a href="/wiki/Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue" title="Le retour de l'enfant prodigue">Le retour de l'enfant prodigue</a></i>" ('The Return of the Prodigal Son'), a short story by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> wrote a poem giving an interpretation of the younger brother's perspective. The poem appears as the heading to the fifth chapter, titled "The Prodigal Son", of his 1901 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Kim_(novel)" title="Kim (novel)">Kim</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Parable is a recurring theme in the works of <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rainer Maria Rilke</a>, who interpreted it in a different way to the conventional reading. Rilke's version is not so concerned with redemption and the <a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">forgiveness</a> of family: the love of the family, and human love in general, was seen as less worthy than unreciprocated love, which is the purest form of love. In loving the family less, the Son can love God more, even if this love is not returned.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theme of the Prodigal Son plays a major role in <a href="/wiki/Anne_Tyler" title="Anne Tyler">Anne Tyler</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Spool_of_Blue_Thread" title="A Spool of Blue Thread">A Spool of Blue Thread</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinkler,_R._P._2015_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinkler,_R._P._2015-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The parable is also referred to in two comedies by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, specifically <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/As_You_Like_It" title="As You Like It">As You Like It</a></i>, as well as in Shakespeare's romance, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>vii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In one of his clemency petitions to the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a> in 1913, the Indian independence activist <a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a> described himself as a "prodigal son" longing to return to the "parental doors of the government". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_parable_in_Mahayana_Buddhism">Similar parable in Mahayana Buddhism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Similar parable in Mahayana Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A parable of a lost son can also be found in the <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> Buddhist <i><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sutra_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutra-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two parables share the premise of a father and son being reunited after a time apart, and several scholars have assumed that one version has influenced the other or that both texts share a common origin.<sup id="cite_ref-lai_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lai-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, an influence of the biblical story on the Lotus sutra is very unlikely given the early dating of the stratum of the sutra containing the Buddhist parable.<sup id="cite_ref-lai_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lai-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both parables document a son who leaves a father. In the Lotus sutra, there is a lapse of decades after which the poor son no longer recognises his wealthy father and is terrified of his father's accumulated power and wealth. When the father sends out some attendants to welcome the son, the son panics. The father then lets the son leave without telling him of their kinship, providing him with a heap of straw to sleep on and employment clearing a pile of dirt.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Lotus_Sutra_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Lotus_Sutra-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the decades pass, the father gradually conditions the son to his company and gets him accustomed to special honors. Close to death, the wealthy man reveals his kinship with a public announcement to the whole community.<sup id="cite_ref-sutra_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutra-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sutra applies the story to the human quest for omniscience which is unexpectedly received. In the Buddhist parable, the father symbolises the Buddha, and the son symbolises any human being. Their kinship symbolises that any being has <a href="/wiki/Buddha_nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha nature">Buddha nature</a>. The concealment of the kinship of the father to his son is regarded as a skillful means (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Upaya" title="Upaya"><i>upāya</i></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Workers_in_the_Vineyard" title="Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard">Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard</a> regarding the theme of God's unmerited grace, as distinguished from the idea of "earning" God's favour.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verses">Verses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Verses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%2015:11–32">Luke 15:11–32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#15:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 15:17–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#15:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 15:29–30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#15:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 15:32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Proverbs%2029:3&version=nrsv">Proverbs 29:3</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">NRSV</a>) – via Oremus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usccb.org/bible/prv/29:3#24029003">Proverbs 29:3</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_American_Bible_Revised_Edition" title="New American Bible Revised Edition">NABRE</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2015:22&version=nrsv">Luke 15:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shakespeare, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i> 4.4.89.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+15%3A11-32">The Parable of the Lost Son</a>." <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible"><i>Holy Bible</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/New_International_Version" title="New International Version">New International Version</a>). – via <i>BibleGateway</i>, Biblica, Inc. 2011 [1973].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/ivp-nt/Parable-Forgiving-Father">Parable of the Forgiving Father (15:11-32)</a>." Holy Bible (<i>IVP New Testament Commentaries</i>). – via <i><a href="/wiki/BibleGateway.com" class="mw-redirect" title="BibleGateway.com">BibleGateway</a></i>. 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.textweek.com/yearc/lentc4.htm">"Lent 4C"</a>. <i>TextWeek.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TextWeek.com&rft.atitle=Lent+4C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.textweek.com%2Fyearc%2Flentc4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParable+of+the+Prodigal+Son" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.textweek.com/yearc/properc19.htm">"Proper 19 (24th Sunday of Ordinary Time)"</a>. <i>TextWeek.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TextWeek.com&rft.atitle=Proper+19+%2824th+Sunday+of+Ordinary+Time%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.textweek.com%2Fyearc%2Fproperc19.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParable+of+the+Prodigal+Son" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Robertson_Nicoll" title="William Robertson Nicoll">Nicoll, William R.</a>, ed. 1897. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/luke/15.htm">Luke 15:21</a> in <i>Expositor's Greek Testament</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/George_H._Doran_Company" title="George H. Doran Company">George H. Doran Company</a>. Retrieved 20 May 2020. – via <i>Bible Hub</i>. Some ancient authorities complete verse 21 in line with the son's prepared statement.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levine-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levine_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levine_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levine_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levine_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Levine, Amy-Jill. 25 August 2014. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiancentury.org/article/2014-08/parable-and-its-baggage">What the Prodigal Son story doesn't mean</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Century" title="The Christian Century">The Christian Century</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AH-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AH_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AH_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AH_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AH_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AH_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AH_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AH_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hultgren, Arland J. 2002. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2UvmRVLF18C&pg=PA70">The Parables of Jesus: A Commentary</a></i>. MI: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans Publishing</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-6077-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-6077-X">0-8028-6077-X</a>. pp. 70–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intertextual.bible/text/luke-15.16-leviticus-rabbah-13.4"><i>intertextual.bible/text/luke-15.16-leviticus-rabbah-13.4</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=intertextual.bible%2Ftext%2Fluke-15.16-leviticus-rabbah-13.4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintertextual.bible%2Ftext%2Fluke-15.16-leviticus-rabbah-13.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParable+of+the+Prodigal+Son" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5181-didache">Jewish Encyclopedia: Didache</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kaufmann_Kohler" title="Kaufmann Kohler">Kohler, Kaufmann</a>, and Max Schlesinger. 2011 [1906]. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12680-repentance">Repentance (Hebr. "teshubah")</a>" <a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia"><i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNL-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RNL_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNL_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNL_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Longenecker" title="Richard Longenecker">Longenecker, Richard N.</a> 2000. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JojVvncUgk0C&pg=PA201">The Challenge of Jesus' Parables</a></i>. MI: Eerdmans. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4638-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4638-6">0-8028-4638-6</a>. pp. 201–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ignatius-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ignatius_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hahn, Scott, Curtis Mitch, and Dennis Walters. 2001. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZavVZE0xIq8C&pg=PA51">Gospel of Luke: The Ignatius Study Guide</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Press" title="Ignatius Press">Ignatius Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870-819-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870-819-2">0-89870-819-2</a>. p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnecht1910" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Justus_Knecht" title="Justus Knecht">Knecht, Friedrich Justus</a> (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture/XLV. The Parable of the Prodigal Son"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Practical_Commentary_on_Holy_Scripture/XLV._The_Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son">"XLV. The Parable of the Prodigal Son" </a></span>. <i>A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture</i>. B. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthochristian.com/158989.html">the original</a> on March 18, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OrthoChristian&rft.atitle=The+Prodigal+Son+Was+Hungry&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft.aulast=Guirguis&rft.aufirst=Fr.+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forthochristian.com%2F158989.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParable+of+the+Prodigal+Son" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avp-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avp_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avp_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotapov2018" class="citation web cs1">Potapov, Archpriest Victor (February 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230608080616/https://orthochristian.com/110401.html#:~:text=The%20younger%2C%20prodigal%20son%20is,which%20each%20man%20is%20endowed.">"The Parable of the Prodigal Son"</a>. <i>OrthoChristian</i>. 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ibk/63/3/63_KJ00009915786/_pdf/-char/en">Two parables on 'The wealthy father and the poor son' in the 'Saddharmapundarika and the Mahaberisutra'</a> (PDF)." <i>Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies</i> 63(3):1263–70. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4259%2Fibk.63.3_1263">10.4259/ibk.63.3_1263</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1884-0051">1884-0051</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lai-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lai_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lai_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lai, Whalen W. 1981. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/view/8551/2458">The Buddhist 'Prodigal Son': A Story of Misperceptions</a>." <i>Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies</i> 4(2):91–98. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0193-600X">0193-600X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Lotus_Sutra-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Lotus_Sutra_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKern" class="citation web cs1">Kern, H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhism.org/Sutras/2/Lotus_Sutra.htm">"Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII"</a>. <i>Buddhism.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buddhism.org&rft.atitle=Sacred+Books+of+the+East%2C+Vol.+XXII&rft.aulast=Kern&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhism.org%2FSutras%2F2%2FLotus_Sutra.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParable+of+the+Prodigal+Son" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNhất_Hạnh2003" class="citation book cs1">Nhất Hạnh, Thích (2003). <i>Opening the Heart of the Cosmos</i>. Parallax Press. pp. 37–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781888375336" title="Special:BookSources/9781888375336"><bdi>9781888375336</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opening+the+Heart+of+the+Cosmos&rft.pages=37-41&rft.pub=Parallax+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781888375336&rft.aulast=Nh%E1%BA%A5t+H%E1%BA%A1nh&rft.aufirst=Th%C3%ADch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParable+of+the+Prodigal+Son" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Brooks_(commentator)" title="David Brooks (commentator)">Brooks, David</a>. 17 February 2014. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/18/opinion/brooks-the-prodigal-sons.html">The Prodigal Sons</a>." <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Cantalamessa" title="Raniero Cantalamessa">Cantalamessa, Raniero</a>. 17 March 2007. "Comments on Fourth Sunday of Lent Readings." <i><a href="/wiki/Zenit_News_Agency" title="Zenit News Agency">Zenit News Agency</a></i>.</li> <li>Dimopoulos, George. 24 February 2008. "The Prodigal Son." <i>Orthodoxy and the World</i>.</li> <li>Holgate, David A. 1999. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AqrXUmDm-PEC">Prodigality, liberality and meanness in the parable of the prodigal son: a Greco-Roman perspective on Luke 15.11-32</a>.</i> Continuum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84127-025-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84127-025-3">1-84127-025-3</a>.</li> <li>Horbury, Ezra. 2019. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ORJIwwEACAAJ">Prodigality in Early Modern Drama</a>.</i> <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">Boydell & Brewer</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B1%2B78744%2B606%2B9" title="Special:BookSources/978+1+78744+606+9">978 1 78744 606 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Campbell_Morgan" title="G. Campbell Morgan">Morgan, G. Campbell</a>. <i>The Parable of the Father's Heart</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Keller_(pastor)" title="Tim Keller (pastor)">Keller, Timothy</a>. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/1594484023/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_x_myhLFbMH8ZG8Z"><i>The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1594484025" title="Special:BookSources/978-1594484025">978-1594484025</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnecht1910" class="citation book cs1">Knecht, Friedrich Justus (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture/XLV. The Parable of the Prodigal Son"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Practical_Commentary_on_Holy_Scripture/XLV._The_Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son">"The Parable of the Prodigal Son" </a></span>. <i>A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture</i>. B. Herder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Parable+of+the+Prodigal+Son&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Commentary+on+Holy+Scripture&rft.pub=B.+Herder&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Knecht&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Justus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParable+of+the+Prodigal+Son" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li>Di Rocco, E., ed. 2013. "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Il romanzo della misericordia. La parabola del figliol prodigo nella letteratura</span></span>." <i>Studium</i> 4(109).</li> <li>— 2013. "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Leggere le Scritture con le Scritture: Ugo di Santo Caro e Nicola di Lira lettori di Luca (15, 11-32)</span></span>." <i>Studium</i> 4(109).</li> <li>— 2014. "<span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">Il romanzo della misericordia. La parabola di Luca nella letteratura moderna e contemporanea</span></span>." <i>Studium</i> 2(110).</li> <li>— 2014. "Heimkehr: wohin?, Auszug: wohin?: <span title="Italian-language text"><span lang="it" style="font-style: normal;">la parabola esistenziale del figliol prodigo nella letteratura del Novecento</span></span>." <i>Studium</i> 2(110).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gospel_of_Luke" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Template talk:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel_of_Luke" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gospel of Luke"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gospel_of_Luke" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Gospel_of_Luke_chapters" title="Category:Gospel of Luke chapters">Chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_1" title="Luke 1">Luke 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_2" title="Luke 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_3" title="Luke 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_4" title="Luke 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_5" title="Luke 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_6" title="Luke 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_7" title="Luke 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_8" title="Luke 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_9" title="Luke 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_10" title="Luke 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_11" title="Luke 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_12" title="Luke 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_13" title="Luke 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_14" title="Luke 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_15" title="Luke 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_17" title="Luke 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_18" title="Luke 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_19" title="Luke 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_20" title="Luke 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_21" title="Luke 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22" title="Luke 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_23" title="Luke 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_24" title="Luke 24">24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Verses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_22:43%E2%80%9344" title="Luke 22:43–44">Luke 22:43–44</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation to Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visitation_(Christianity)" title="Visitation (Christianity)">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">and the shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Adoration of shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">John the Baptist's Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_of_Quirinius" title="Census of Quirinius">Census of Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Jesus' Birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_of_Jesus" title="Circumcision of Jesus">Circumcision</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation at the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">Finding in the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">Calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_cost" title="Counting the cost">Counting the cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calming_the_storm" title="Calming the storm">Calming the storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feeding_the_multitude" title="Feeding the multitude">Feeding the 5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prodigal son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Pilate's court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_tomb" title="Empty tomb">Empty tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictus_(Song_of_Zechariah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)">Benedictus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishers_of_men" title="Fishers of men">Fishers of men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunc_dimittis" title="Nunc dimittis">Nunc dimittis (Song of Simeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Steward" title="Parable of the Unjust Steward">Parable of the Unjust Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Rich man and Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_four_woes_of_Jesus" title="The four woes of Jesus">The four woes of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah" title="Abijah">Abijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Herod Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_of_Bethany" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha of Bethany">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naaman" title="Naaman">Naaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip (apostle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip (tetrarch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Caesar">Tiberius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Groups</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene_(biblical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abilene (biblical)">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany_(biblical_village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethany (biblical village)">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decapolis" title="Decapolis">Decapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Iturea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachonitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Trachonitis">Trachonitis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Luke–Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Authorship of Luke–Acts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_source" title="Q source">Q source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_source" title="L source">L source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-gospel_hypothesis" title="Two-gospel hypothesis">Two-gospel hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_school_hypothesis" title="Jerusalem school hypothesis">Jerusalem school hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Textual variants in the Gospel of Luke">Textual variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Marcion" title="Gospel of Marcion">Gospel of Marcion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jiizas:_di_Buk_We_Luuk_Rait_bout_Im" title="Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im">Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion,_BWV_246" title="St Luke Passion, BWV 246"><i>St Luke Passion</i>, BWV 246</a> (1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke_Passion_(Penderecki)" title="St Luke Passion (Penderecki)"><i>St Luke Passion</i></a> (Penderecki, 1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_(1979_film)" title="Jesus (1979 film)">Jesus</a></i> (1979 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witness:_Five_Plays_from_the_Gospel_of_Luke" title="Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke">Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke</a></i> (2007, radio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(2014_film)" title="The Savior (2014 film)">The Savior</a></i> (2014 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_2" title="Papyrus 2">Papyrus 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_3" title="Papyrus 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_4" title="Papyrus 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_7" title="Papyrus 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_42" title="Papyrus 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_45" title="Papyrus 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_69" title="Papyrus 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_75" title="Papyrus 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_82" title="Papyrus 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_97" title="Papyrus 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_111" title="Papyrus 111">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Nitriensis" title="Codex Nitriensis">Codex Nitriensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid_Glagolitic_fragments" title="Ohrid Glagolitic fragments">Ohrid Glagolitic fragments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Κατά Λουκάν">Greek Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Biblia_Sacra_Vulgata_(Stuttgartensia)/Lucas" class="extiw" title="wikisource:la:Biblia Sacra Vulgata (Stuttgartensia)/Lucas">Latin Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/Luke">Wycliffe Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/Luke">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Luke" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/Luke">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parables_of_Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parables_of_Jesus" title="Template:Parables of Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parables_of_Jesus" title="Template talk:Parables of Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parables_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parables of Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parables_of_Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables of Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canonical Gospels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_barren_fig_tree" title="Parable of the barren fig tree">Barren Fig Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Budding_Fig_Tree" title="Parable of the Budding Fig Tree">Budding Fig Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_cost" title="Counting the cost">Counting the cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_Drawing_in_the_Net" title="Parable of Drawing in the Net">Drawing in the Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Faithful_Servant" title="Parable of the Faithful Servant">Faithful Servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Friend_at_Night" title="Parable of the Friend at Night">Friend at Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grain_of_Wheat" title="The Grain of Wheat">Grain of Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Great_Banquet" title="Parable of the Great Banquet">Great Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Growing_Seed" title="Parable of the Growing Seed">Growing Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Hidden_Treasure" title="Parable of the Hidden Treasure">Hidden Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamp_under_a_bushel" title="Lamp under a bushel">Lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Leaven" title="Parable of the Leaven">Leaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Coin" title="Parable of the Lost Coin">Lost Coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Sheep" title="Parable of the Lost Sheep">Lost Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Master_and_Servant" title="Parable of the Master and Servant">Master and Servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mote_and_the_Beam" title="The Mote and the Beam">Mote and the Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Mustard_Seed" title="Parable of the Mustard Seed">Mustard Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Pearl" title="Parable of the Pearl">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharisee_and_the_Publican" title="Pharisee and the Publican">Pharisee and the Publican</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prodigal Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Rich_Fool" title="Parable of the Rich Fool">Rich Fool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Rich man and Lazarus">Rich man and Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_a_scribe" title="Parable of a scribe">Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Sower" title="Parable of the Sower">Sower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Strong_Man" title="Parable of the Strong Man">Strong Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_talents_or_minas" class="mw-redirect" title="Parable of the talents or minas">Talents or minas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Tares" title="Parable of the Tares">Tares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Ten Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Vine" title="True Vine">True Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tree_and_its_Fruits" title="The Tree and its Fruits">Tree and its Fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Two_Debtors" title="Parable of the Two Debtors">Two Debtors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Two_Sons" title="Parable of the Two Sons">Two Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Judge" title="Parable of the Unjust Judge">Unjust Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Steward" title="Parable of the Unjust Steward">Unjust Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unforgiving_Servant" title="Parable of the Unforgiving Servant">Unforgiving Servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wedding_Feast" title="Parable of the Wedding Feast">Wedding Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wicked_Husbandmen" title="Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen">Wicked Husbandmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wise_and_the_Foolish_Builders" title="Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders">Wise and Foolish Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Workers_in_the_Vineyard" title="Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard">Workers in the Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-canonical / disputed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_assassin" title="Parable of the assassin">Assassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_empty_jar" title="Parable of the empty jar">Empty Jar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">Parable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son_in_arts_and_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Prodigal_Son" title="Template:The Prodigal Son"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Prodigal_Son" title="Template talk:The Prodigal Son"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Prodigal_Son" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Prodigal Son"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son_in_arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parable of the Prodigal Son</a> in arts and culture</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_15" title="Luke 15">Luke 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wayfarer_(painting)" title="The Wayfarer (painting)">The Wayfarer</a></i> (1500s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_in_the_Brothel" title="The Prodigal Son in the Brothel">The Prodigal Son in the Brothel</a></i> (1637)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_(Rembrandt)" title="The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)">The Return of the Prodigal Son</a></i> (1660s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Giorgio_de_Chirico)" title="The Prodigal Son (Giorgio de Chirico)">The Prodigal Son</a></i> (1922)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_prodigue_(1907_film)" title="L'Enfant prodigue (1907 film)">L'Enfant prodigue</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal" title="The Prodigal">The Prodigal</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_(film)" title="The Gospel (film)">The Gospel</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Trilogy" title="The Prodigal Trilogy">The Prodigal Trilogy</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Imposter_(2008_film)" title="The Imposter (2008 film)">The Imposter</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Preacher%27s_Kid_(film)" title="Preacher's Kid (film)">Preacher's Kid</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Prodigal" title="The London Prodigal">The London Prodigal</a> </i>(1605 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prodigal_Son_(ballet)" title="Prodigal Son (ballet)">Prodigal Son</a></i> (1929 ballet)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27enfant_prodigue_(Auber)" title="L'enfant prodigue (Auber)">L'enfant prodigue</a></i> (1850)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Britten)" title="The Prodigal Son (Britten)">The Prodigal Son</a></i> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Sullivan)" title="The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)">The Prodigal Son</a></i> (1869)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27enfant_prodigue" title="L'enfant prodigue">L'enfant prodigue</a></i> (1884)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Prokofiev)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Prokofiev)">Symphony No. 4</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walkin%27_to_Missouri" title="Walkin' to Missouri">Walkin' to Missouri</a>" (1952)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prodigal_Son_(Kid_Rock_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodigal Son (Kid Rock song)">Prodigal Son</a>" (1994)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Album</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ants%27hillvania" title="Ants'hillvania">Ants'hillvania</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(Keith_Green_album)" title="The Prodigal Son (Keith Green album)">The Prodigal Son</a></i> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tears_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Tears of the Prodigal Son">Tears of the Prodigal Son</a></i> (1622)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_retour_de_l%27enfant_prodigue" title="Le retour de l'enfant prodigue">Le retour de l'enfant prodigue</a></i> (1907)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Home-Coming" class="mw-redirect" title="Home-Coming">Home-Coming</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dives_in_misericordia" title="Dives in misericordia">Dives in misericordia</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reconciliatio_et_paenitentia" title="Reconciliatio et paenitentia">Reconciliatio et paenitentia</a></i> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatted_calf" title="Fatted calf">Fatted calf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_of_Ha%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's">The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's</a></i> (2007)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Michael_(poem)" title="Michael (poem)">Michael</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Burglar%27s_Christmas" title="The Burglar's Christmas">The Burglar's Christmas</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Prodigal_Son_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Prodigal Son (disambiguation)">The Prodigal Son (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Prodigal_Son_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Return of the Prodigal Son (disambiguation)">Return of the Prodigal Son (disambiguation)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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