Issuing companies and guarantor – RELX - Information-based analytics and decision tools

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head>  <title> Issuing companies and guarantor – RELX - Information-based analytics and decision tools </title><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="~/media/ABAA6DC2543F4E04A368E4F5BD0E3A21.ico" />  <meta name="description" content="Issuing companies and guarantor" /> <link href="https://assets.investisdigital.com/cookiemanager/v3/latest/css/invd-cm-theme.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0" /> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $j = jQuery.noConflict(); autoCompleteDomain = 'www.relx.com'; </script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.14.0/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> if ("-ms-user-select" in document.documentElement.style && navigator.userAgent.match(/IEMobile/)) { var msViewportStyle = document.createElement("style"); msViewportStyle.appendChild( document.createTextNode( "@-ms-viewport{width:auto!important}" ) ); document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]. appendChild(msViewportStyle); } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context" : "http://schema.org", "@type" : "Organization", "name" : "RELX", "url" : "https://www.relx.com", "sameAs" : [ "https://twitter.com/RELXHQ", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/relx-group", "https://www.instagram.com/relxhq", "https://www.youtube.com/relxvideo"] } </script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bitter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@RELXHQ" /> <meta property="og:description" content="#Content,title#" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.relx.com/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/logo/og-logo-v2.jpg"/>  <script type="opt-in" data-type="text/javascript" data-name="performanceCookies">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T7HFFG4');</script>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P8K799X');</script>  <meta property="og:type" content="Website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.relx.com/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Issuing companies and guarantor" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.relx.com/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/ResourceHandlermergeall.css?css=1&1=%7B79552BC5-5334-41AA-9D09-795FD7E9ED46%7D&2=%7B2E611F17-5930-4B48-92CF-BD49F0734A41%7D&3=%7B6CF83705-E106-458A-BE85-CCFD21586FDE%7D&4=%7B4FBFECBC-EB49-4A00-9DEC-1B09200261FC%7D&5=%7B8203E7B6-CBF8-4AA1-9BB9-4F4701A9A2C4%7D&6=%7BE859CB69-535F-4D70-9977-F908E1986920%7D&7=%7B19280BDB-11A4-4263-9092-E0AC59F983D9%7D&8=%7B971E184B-4FE4-4563-9B1F-D42674724DC3%7D&9=%7BC0D232C5-6A6B-4E01-BED0-EE0B197056DC%7D&11=%7B016EF654-D4F6-40C2-99CA-044762E75A44%7D&12=%7BC812268A-9C23-4CDD-AE42-627F54AE6EC5%7D&13=%7B38AF0FEC-431D-4E1F-9166-2941FB8B54C2%7D&14=%7BEA678961-62BD-42E7-AEE7-7CF87CE3B22D%7D&16=%7B0BE99BC7-6EFB-4C78-911E-E9084E616DFA%7D&sc_lang=en&revision=7e99e183-1847-437f-949d-fb999c2fc954" media="all" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/stylesheets/ResourceHandlermergeprint.css?css=1&15=%7BA271BEB1-3A0F-42BD-A6DD-9A489E73BECF%7D&sc_lang=en&revision=7e99e183-1847-437f-949d-fb999c2fc954" media="print" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600,700,800" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="All" /><link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="All" />   </head> <body id="ip3-issuing-companies-and-guarantors" class="ie7 ip3-debt-investors ip3-investors ip3-normal mis-production ip3-level3 nojs">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T7HFFG4" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P8K799X" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript">  </script> <form method="post" action="/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors" id="MainForm"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="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" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function checkValidSearchString(textboxid, defaultvalue,validationMsg) { var isValid = !((document.getElementById(textboxid).value==defaultvalue) || (document.getElementById(textboxid).value=='')); if(isValid) return true; else { alert(validationMsg); return false; } }//]]> </script> <div> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="6B260122" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED" id="__VIEWSTATEENCRYPTED" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="uruufK5+Ixdg684tjnLms61f/AlEu3JVJCyyLYOiOZAABZi5JeYSxrxloIKNQ/+m5S0sGGn8TrbHhwxbwfog5VEp3qMeAl1Ps7Jc052QLk1a7bnKSCMxmglh27I3/TQvhYR8kfqDTTMX0HEf8Q33pUeIpYhHCanaoaYG0GoSXki0/Gy9" /> </div>   <div id="MainWrapper" class="">  <div class="invisible skip-block"> <a href="#maincontent"> skip to main content </a> </div> <div class="sticky-nav active"> <div class="header-wrapper desk"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="header-ticker float100"> <div class="ticker-desktop"> <div id="iframe-header1" class="ticker-item external-web"> <iframe width="100%" scrolling="no" class="responsive float100" id="ExternalWebContentExternalIFrame-ticker1" height="100%" style="visibility:hidden;" onload="this.style.visibility = 'visible';" src="https://irs.tools.investis.com/clients/uk/relx_group_plc/Ticker/Ticker_header_main1.aspx?culture=en-GB" > </iframe> </div> <div id="iframe-header2" class="ticker-item external-web"> <iframe width="100%" scrolling="no" class="responsive float100" id="ExternalWebContentExternalIFrame-ticker2" height="100%" style="visibility:hidden;" onload="this.style.visibility = 'visible';" src="https://irs.tools.investis.com/clients/uk/relx-plc-market-cap/Ticker/Ticker.aspx?culture=en-GB" > </iframe> </div> </div>   </div> <div class="search-wrap"> <div id="searchbox" class=" search-wrapper" > <div id="searchTextboxContainer"> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ function FilterIP3SearchInput(event) { var keyCode = ('which' in event) ? event.which : event.keyCode; isNumericOrWithShift = (keyCode == 48 || keyCode == 57 || keyCode == 56 || keyCode == 188 || keyCode == 190) || (keyCode >= 96 && keyCode <= 105 ); isSymbol = (keyCode == 219 || keyCode == 221 || keyCode == 220 ); isWithoutShift = (keyCode == 191); modifiers = (event.shiftKey); if ((isNumericOrWithShift && modifiers) || isSymbol || (!modifiers && isWithoutShift)) { return false; } else { return true; } } //]]></script><input name="body_0$main_0$ctl02$ctl01$searchTextbox" type="text" value="Search" id="searchTextbox" onkeydown="return FilterIP3SearchInput(event);" onclick="if (this.value == 'Search'){this.value='';}" onblur="if (this.value == ''){this.value='Search';}" /> </div> <div id="SearchButtonContainer"> <input type="submit" name="body_0$main_0$ctl02$ctl02$ctl00" value="GO" onclick="return checkValidSearchString('searchTextbox','Search','Please enter valid search keyword');" id="searchButton" /> <div class="srchbtn">   </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mobishowsearch"> <div class="searchinner2"> <div id="searchTextBoxContainer2"> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ function FilterIP3SearchInput(event) { var keyCode = ('which' in event) ? event.which : event.keyCode; isNumericOrWithShift = (keyCode == 48 || keyCode == 57 || keyCode == 56 || keyCode == 188 || keyCode == 190) || (keyCode >= 96 && keyCode <= 105 ); isSymbol = (keyCode == 219 || keyCode == 221 || keyCode == 220 ); isWithoutShift = (keyCode == 191); modifiers = (event.shiftKey); if ((isNumericOrWithShift && modifiers) || isSymbol || (!modifiers && isWithoutShift)) { return false; } else { return true; } } //]]></script><input name="body_0$main_0$ctl03$ctl01$searchTextbox2" type="text" value="Search" id="searchTextbox2" onkeydown="return FilterIP3SearchInput(event);" onclick="if (this.value == 'Search'){this.value='';}" onblur="if (this.value == ''){this.value='Search';}" /> </div> <div id="searchButtonContainer2"> <input type="submit" name="body_0$main_0$ctl03$searchButton2$searchButton2" value="GO" onclick="return checkValidSearchString('searchTextbox2','Search','Please enter valid search keyword');" id="searchButton2" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="logo-nav-wrap"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/" title="Relx – link to home page"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/logo/logo-v2.png?h=49&iar=0&w=191" alt="Relx – link to home page" width="191" height="49" /> </a> </div> <div id="topnavigation"class="desk-nav hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <ul id="section-Homepage-level1"> <li id="nav-our-business-level1" class="level1 haschildren first"><a href="/our-business/our-business-overview"><span>Our Business</span></a><ul id="section-our-business-level2"> <li><div class="level1-col1"> <ul> <li id="nav-our-business-overview-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/our-business/our-business-overview"><span>Our business overview</span></a></li><li id="nav-perspectives-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/our-business/perspectives"><span>Perspectives</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col2"> <ul> <li id="nav-strategy-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/our-business/strategy"><span>Strategy</span></a></li><li id="nav-market-segments-level2" class="level2 haschildren last"><a href="/our-business/market-segments"><span>Market segments</span></a><ul id="section-market-segments-level3"> <li id="nav-risk-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/risk"><span>Risk</span></a></li><li id="nav-scientific-technical-and-medical-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/scientific-technical-and-medical"><span>Scientific, Technical & Medical</span></a></li><li id="nav-legal-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/legal"><span>Legal</span></a></li><li id="nav-exhibitions-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/exhibitions"><span>Exhibitions</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col3"> <ul> <li id="nav-board-of-directors-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="nav-board-committees-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/our-business/board-committees/audit-committee"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col4"> <ul> <li id="nav-business-leaders-level2" class="level2 first last"><a href="/our-business/business-leaders"><span>Business leaders</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul></li><li id="nav-investors-level1" class="level1 selected haschildren"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investors</span></a><ul id="section-investors-level2"> <li><div class="level1-col1"> <ul> <li id="nav-investor-overview-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investor overview</span></a></li><li id="nav-investor-presentations-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/investor-presentations/2024"><span>Investor presentations</span></a></li><li id="nav-shareholder-information-level2" class="level2 haschildren last"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information"><span>Shareholder information</span></a><ul id="section-shareholder-information-level3"> <li id="nav-dividend-information-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/dividend-information"><span>Dividend information</span></a></li><li id="nav-relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ordinary shareholders</span></a></li><li id="nav-relx-plc-adr-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-adr-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ADR shareholders</span></a></li><li id="nav-agm-information-for-relx-plc-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/agm-information-for-relx-plc"><span>AGM and General Meeting information for RELX PLC </span></a></li><li id="nav-corp-simplification-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/corp-simplification"><span>Corporate structure simplification - 2018</span></a></li><li id="nav-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/investor-contacts"><span>Investor contacts</span></a></li><li id="nav-historic-information-for-relx-nv-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/historic-information-for-relx-nv"><span>Historic information for RELX NV</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col2"> <ul> <li id="nav-results-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/results/2024"><span>Results</span></a></li><li id="nav-annual-reports-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/annual-reports/2023"><span>Annual reports</span></a></li><li id="nav-share-price-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/investors/share-price/lse"><span>Share price</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col3"> <ul> <li id="nav-financial-calendar-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/financial-calendar"><span>Financial calendar</span></a></li><li id="nav-key-financial-data-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/key-financial-data"><span>Key financial data</span></a></li><li id="nav-analyst-coverage-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/investors/analyst-coverage"><span>Analyst coverage</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col4"> <ul> <li id="nav-regulatory-news-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/regulatory-news"><span>Regulatory news</span></a></li><li id="nav-corporate-governance-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate governance</span></a><ul id="section-corporate-governance-level3"> <li id="nav-corporate-governance-and-structure-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate Governance and structure</span></a></li><li id="nav-board-of-directors-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="nav-board-committees-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/board-committees"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li><li id="nav-code-of-ethics-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/code-of-ethics"><span>Code of Ethics and Reporting Concerns</span></a></li><li id="nav-relations-with-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/relations-with-shareholders"><span>Relations with shareholders</span></a></li><li id="nav-internal-controls-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/internal-controls"><span>Internal controls</span></a></li><li id="nav-tax-principles-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/tax-principles"><span>Tax principles</span></a></li><li id="nav-articles-of-association-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/articles-of-association"><span>Articles of association</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="nav-debt-investors-level2" class="level2 selected haschildren last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Debt investors</span></a><ul id="section-debt-investors-level3"> <li id="nav-funding-strategy-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Funding strategy</span></a></li><li id="nav-issuing-companies-and-guarantors-level3" class="level3 current"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors"><span>Issuing companies and guarantor</span></a></li><li id="nav-term-debt-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/term-debt"><span>Term debt</span></a></li><li id="nav-maturity-profile-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/maturity-profile"><span>Maturity profile</span></a></li><li id="nav-capital-structure-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/capital-structure"><span>Capital structure</span></a></li><li id="nav-commercial-paper-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/commercial-paper"><span>Commercial paper</span></a></li><li id="nav-back-up-facilities-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/back-up-facilities"><span>Back up facilities</span></a></li><li id="nav-credit-ratings-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/credit-ratings"><span>Credit ratings</span></a></li><li id="nav-debt-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/debt-investor-contacts"><span>Debt investor contacts</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul></li><li id="nav-corporate-responsibility-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/corporate-responsibility"><span>Corporate Responsibility</span></a><ul id="section-corporate-responsibility-level2"> <li><div class="level1-col1"> <ul> <li id="nav-being-a-responsible-business-level2" class="level2 haschildren first last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Being a responsible business</span></a><ul id="section-being-a-responsible-business-level3"> <li id="nav-unique-contributions-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Unique contributions</span></a></li><li id="nav-governance-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/governance"><span>Governance</span></a></li><li id="nav-people-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/people"><span>People</span></a></li><li id="nav-customers-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/customers"><span>Customers</span></a></li><li id="nav-community-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/community"><span>Community</span></a></li><li id="nav-supply-chain-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/supply-chain"><span>Supply chain</span></a></li><li id="nav-environment-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col2"> <ul> <li id="nav-engaging-others-level2" class="level2 haschildren first last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/cr-news-and-viewpoints"><span>Engaging others</span></a><ul id="section-engaging-others-level3"> <li id="nav-cr-news-and-viewpoints-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/perspectives/collections/our-world"><span>CR news & viewpoints</span></a></li><li id="nav-policies-and-downloads-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/policies-and-downloads"><span>Policies & downloads</span></a></li><li id="nav-working-with-the-un-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/working-with-the-un"><span>Working with the UN</span></a></li><li id="nav-relx-group-environmental-challenge-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/relx-group-environmental-challenge"><span>RELX Environmental Challenge</span></a></li><li id="nav-recognition-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/recognition"><span>Recognition</span></a></li><li id="nav-sdg-resource-centre-level3" class="level3"><a target="_blank" href="https://sdgresources.relx.com"><span>SDG Resource Centre</span></a></li><li id="nav-modern-slavery-act-statement-level3" class="level3 last"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/responsibility/relx-slavery-statement-2024.pdf"><span>Modern Slavery Act Statement</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul></li><li id="nav-careers-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/careers"><span>Careers</span></a><ul id="section-careers-level2"> <li><div class="level1-col1"> <ul> <li id="nav-why-relx-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/careers/why-relx"><span>Why RELX?</span></a></li><li id="nav-experienced-professional-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/careers/experienced-professional"><span>Experienced professionals</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col2"> <ul> <li id="nav-graduates-and-early-careers-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/careers/graduates-and-early-careers"><span>Graduates and early careers</span></a></li><li id="nav-join-us-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/careers/join-us"><span>Join us</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col3"> <ul> <li id="nav-meet-our-people-level2" class="level2 first last"><a href="/careers/meet-our-people"><span>Meet our people</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul></li><li id="nav-media-level1" class="level1 haschildren last"><a href="/media"><span>Media</span></a><ul id="section-media-level2"> <li><div class="level1-col1"> <ul> <li id="nav-press-releases-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/media/press-releases/year-2024"><span>Press releases</span></a></li><li id="nav-recent-media-coverage-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/media/recent-media-coverage"><span>Recent Media Coverage</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col2"> <ul> <li id="nav-press-kit-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/media/press-kit"><span>Press kit</span></a></li><li id="nav-video-gallery-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/media/video-gallery"><span>Video gallery</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col3"> <ul> <li id="nav-brochures-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/media/brochures"><span>Brochures</span></a></li><li id="nav-media-contacts-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/media/media-contacts"><span>Media contacts</span></a></li> </ul> </div><div class="level1-col4"> <ul> <li id="nav-podcasts-level2" class="level2 first last"><a href="/media/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li> </ul> </div></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="black-overlay"> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-md mobileTablet"> <a href="#menu" id="mmenu-burger"> Menu </a> </div> </div> <div class="dropdown-wrapper"> </div> </div> <div class="header-wrapper mobi"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="header-ticker float100">  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="mobileMenuWrap"> <div class="mmenus-close"> </div> <div style="display: none;"> <label for="searchTextbox2">searchTextbox2</label> </div> <div class="mob-menu-wrap" id="menu"> <ul id="mobi-section-Homepage-level1"> <li id="mobi-nav-Homepage-level1" class="level1 first"><a href="/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-our-business-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/our-business/our-business-overview"><span>Our Business</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-our-business-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-our-business-overview-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/our-business/our-business-overview"><span>Our business overview</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-perspectives-level2" class="level2"><a href="/our-business/perspectives"><span>Perspectives</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-strategy-level2" class="level2"><a href="/our-business/strategy"><span>Strategy</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-market-segments-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/our-business/market-segments"><span>Market segments</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-market-segments-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-risk-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/risk"><span>Risk</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-scientific-technical-and-medical-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/scientific-technical-and-medical"><span>Scientific, Technical & Medical</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-legal-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/legal"><span>Legal</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-exhibitions-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/exhibitions"><span>Exhibitions</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-board-of-directors-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-board-committees-level2" class="level2"><a href="/our-business/board-committees/audit-committee"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-business-leaders-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/our-business/business-leaders"><span>Business leaders</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-investors-level1" class="level1 selected haschildren"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investors</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-investors-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-investor-overview-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investor overview</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-investor-presentations-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/investor-presentations/2024"><span>Investor presentations</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-shareholder-information-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information"><span>Shareholder information</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-shareholder-information-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-dividend-information-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/dividend-information"><span>Dividend information</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ordinary shareholders</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-relx-plc-adr-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-adr-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ADR shareholders</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-agm-information-for-relx-plc-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/agm-information-for-relx-plc"><span>AGM and General Meeting information for RELX PLC </span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-corp-simplification-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/corp-simplification"><span>Corporate structure simplification - 2018</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/investor-contacts"><span>Investor contacts</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-historic-information-for-relx-nv-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/historic-information-for-relx-nv"><span>Historic information for RELX NV</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-results-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/results/2024"><span>Results</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-annual-reports-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/annual-reports/2023"><span>Annual reports</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-share-price-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/share-price/lse"><span>Share price</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-financial-calendar-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/financial-calendar"><span>Financial calendar</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-key-financial-data-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/key-financial-data"><span>Key financial data</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-analyst-coverage-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/analyst-coverage"><span>Analyst coverage</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-regulatory-news-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/regulatory-news"><span>Regulatory news</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-corporate-governance-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate governance</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-corporate-governance-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-corporate-governance-and-structure-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate Governance and structure</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-board-of-directors-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-board-committees-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/board-committees"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-code-of-ethics-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/code-of-ethics"><span>Code of Ethics and Reporting Concerns</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-relations-with-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/relations-with-shareholders"><span>Relations with shareholders</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-internal-controls-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/internal-controls"><span>Internal controls</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-tax-principles-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/tax-principles"><span>Tax principles</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-articles-of-association-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/articles-of-association"><span>Articles of association</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-debt-investors-level2" class="level2 selected haschildren last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Debt investors</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-debt-investors-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-funding-strategy-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Funding strategy</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-issuing-companies-and-guarantors-level3" class="level3 current"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors"><span>Issuing companies and guarantor</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-term-debt-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/term-debt"><span>Term debt</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-maturity-profile-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/maturity-profile"><span>Maturity profile</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-capital-structure-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/capital-structure"><span>Capital structure</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-commercial-paper-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/commercial-paper"><span>Commercial paper</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-back-up-facilities-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/back-up-facilities"><span>Back up facilities</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-credit-ratings-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/credit-ratings"><span>Credit ratings</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-debt-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/debt-investor-contacts"><span>Debt investor contacts</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-corporate-responsibility-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/corporate-responsibility"><span>Corporate Responsibility</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-corporate-responsibility-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-being-a-responsible-business-level2" class="level2 haschildren first"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Being a responsible business</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-being-a-responsible-business-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-unique-contributions-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Unique contributions</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-governance-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/governance"><span>Governance</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-people-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/people"><span>People</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-customers-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/customers"><span>Customers</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-community-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/community"><span>Community</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-supply-chain-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/supply-chain"><span>Supply chain</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-environment-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-engaging-others-level2" class="level2 haschildren last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/cr-news-and-viewpoints"><span>Engaging others</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-engaging-others-level3"> <li id="mobi-nav-cr-news-and-viewpoints-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/perspectives/collections/our-world"><span>CR news & viewpoints</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-policies-and-downloads-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/policies-and-downloads"><span>Policies & downloads</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-working-with-the-un-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/working-with-the-un"><span>Working with the UN</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-relx-group-environmental-challenge-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/relx-group-environmental-challenge"><span>RELX Environmental Challenge</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-recognition-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/recognition"><span>Recognition</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-sdg-resource-centre-level3" class="level3"><a target="_blank" href="https://sdgresources.relx.com"><span>SDG Resource Centre</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-modern-slavery-act-statement-level3" class="level3 last"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/responsibility/relx-slavery-statement-2024.pdf"><span>Modern Slavery Act Statement</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-careers-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/careers"><span>Careers</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-careers-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-why-relx-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/careers/why-relx"><span>Why RELX?</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-experienced-professional-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/experienced-professional"><span>Experienced professionals</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-graduates-and-early-careers-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/graduates-and-early-careers"><span>Graduates and early careers</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-join-us-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/join-us"><span>Join us</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-meet-our-people-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/careers/meet-our-people"><span>Meet our people</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="mobi-nav-media-level1" class="level1 haschildren last"><a href="/media"><span>Media</span></a><ul id="mobi-section-media-level2"> <li id="mobi-nav-press-releases-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/media/press-releases/year-2024"><span>Press releases</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-recent-media-coverage-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/recent-media-coverage"><span>Recent Media Coverage</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-press-kit-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/press-kit"><span>Press kit</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-video-gallery-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/video-gallery"><span>Video gallery</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-brochures-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/brochures"><span>Brochures</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-media-contacts-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/media-contacts"><span>Media contacts</span></a></li><li id="mobi-nav-podcasts-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/media/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="hide ir-menu-wrap"> <ul id="hidden-section-Homepage-level1"> <li id="hidden-nav-our-business-level1" class="level1 haschildren first"><a href="/our-business/our-business-overview"><span>Our Business</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-our-business-level2"> <li id="hidden-nav-our-business-overview-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/our-business/our-business-overview"><span>Our business overview</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-perspectives-level2" class="level2"><a href="/our-business/perspectives"><span>Perspectives</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-strategy-level2" class="level2"><a href="/our-business/strategy"><span>Strategy</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-market-segments-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/our-business/market-segments"><span>Market segments</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-market-segments-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-risk-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/risk"><span>Risk</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-scientific-technical-and-medical-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/scientific-technical-and-medical"><span>Scientific, Technical & Medical</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-legal-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/legal"><span>Legal</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-exhibitions-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/our-business/market-segments/exhibitions"><span>Exhibitions</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-of-directors-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-committees-level2" class="level2"><a href="/our-business/board-committees/audit-committee"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-business-leaders-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/our-business/business-leaders"><span>Business leaders</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-investors-level1" class="level1 selected haschildren"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investors</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-investors-level2"> <li id="hidden-nav-investor-overview-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/investors/investor-overview"><span>Investor overview</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-investor-presentations-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/investor-presentations/2024"><span>Investor presentations</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-shareholder-information-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information"><span>Shareholder information</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-shareholder-information-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-dividend-information-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/dividend-information"><span>Dividend information</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-ordinary-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ordinary shareholders</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-relx-plc-adr-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/relx-plc-adr-shareholders"><span>RELX PLC ADR shareholders</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-agm-information-for-relx-plc-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/agm-information-for-relx-plc"><span>AGM and General Meeting information for RELX PLC </span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-corp-simplification-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/corp-simplification"><span>Corporate structure simplification - 2018</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/investor-contacts"><span>Investor contacts</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-historic-information-for-relx-nv-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/shareholder-information/historic-information-for-relx-nv"><span>Historic information for RELX NV</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-results-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/results/2024"><span>Results</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-annual-reports-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/annual-reports/2023"><span>Annual reports</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-share-price-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/share-price/lse"><span>Share price</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-financial-calendar-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/financial-calendar"><span>Financial calendar</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-key-financial-data-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/key-financial-data"><span>Key financial data</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-analyst-coverage-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/analyst-coverage"><span>Analyst coverage</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-regulatory-news-level2" class="level2"><a href="/investors/regulatory-news"><span>Regulatory news</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-corporate-governance-level2" class="level2 haschildren"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate governance</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-corporate-governance-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-corporate-governance-and-structure-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/corporate-governance-and-structure"><span>Corporate Governance and structure</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-of-directors-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors"><span>Board of Directors</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-board-committees-level3" class="level3"><a href="/our-business/board-committees"><span>Board Committees</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-code-of-ethics-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/code-of-ethics"><span>Code of Ethics and Reporting Concerns</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-relations-with-shareholders-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/relations-with-shareholders"><span>Relations with shareholders</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-internal-controls-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/internal-controls"><span>Internal controls</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-tax-principles-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/tax-principles"><span>Tax principles</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-articles-of-association-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/corporate-governance/articles-of-association"><span>Articles of association</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-debt-investors-level2" class="level2 selected haschildren last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Debt investors</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-debt-investors-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-funding-strategy-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy"><span>Funding strategy</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-issuing-companies-and-guarantors-level3" class="level3 current"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/issuing-companies-and-guarantors"><span>Issuing companies and guarantor</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-term-debt-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/term-debt"><span>Term debt</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-maturity-profile-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/maturity-profile"><span>Maturity profile</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-capital-structure-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/capital-structure"><span>Capital structure</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-commercial-paper-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/commercial-paper"><span>Commercial paper</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-back-up-facilities-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/back-up-facilities"><span>Back up facilities</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-credit-ratings-level3" class="level3"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/credit-ratings"><span>Credit ratings</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-debt-investor-contacts-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/investors/debt-investors/debt-investor-contacts"><span>Debt investor contacts</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-corporate-responsibility-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/corporate-responsibility"><span>Corporate Responsibility</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-corporate-responsibility-level2"> <li id="hidden-nav-being-a-responsible-business-level2" class="level2 haschildren first"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Being a responsible business</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-being-a-responsible-business-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-unique-contributions-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/unique-contributions"><span>Unique contributions</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-governance-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/governance"><span>Governance</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-people-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/people"><span>People</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-customers-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/customers"><span>Customers</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-community-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/community"><span>Community</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-supply-chain-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/supply-chain"><span>Supply chain</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-environment-level3" class="level3 last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/being-a-responsible-business/environment"><span>Environment</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-engaging-others-level2" class="level2 haschildren last"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/cr-news-and-viewpoints"><span>Engaging others</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-engaging-others-level3"> <li id="hidden-nav-cr-news-and-viewpoints-level3" class="level3 first"><a href="/our-business/perspectives/collections/our-world"><span>CR news & viewpoints</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-policies-and-downloads-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/policies-and-downloads"><span>Policies & downloads</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-working-with-the-un-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/working-with-the-un"><span>Working with the UN</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-relx-group-environmental-challenge-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/relx-group-environmental-challenge"><span>RELX Environmental Challenge</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-recognition-level3" class="level3"><a href="/corporate-responsibility/engaging-others/recognition"><span>Recognition</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-sdg-resource-centre-level3" class="level3"><a target="_blank" href="https://sdgresources.relx.com"><span>SDG Resource Centre</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-modern-slavery-act-statement-level3" class="level3 last"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/responsibility/relx-slavery-statement-2024.pdf"><span>Modern Slavery Act Statement</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-careers-level1" class="level1 haschildren"><a href="/careers"><span>Careers</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-careers-level2"> <li id="hidden-nav-why-relx-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/careers/why-relx"><span>Why RELX?</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-experienced-professional-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/experienced-professional"><span>Experienced professionals</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-graduates-and-early-careers-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/graduates-and-early-careers"><span>Graduates and early careers</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-join-us-level2" class="level2"><a href="/careers/join-us"><span>Join us</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-meet-our-people-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/careers/meet-our-people"><span>Meet our people</span></a></li> </ul></li><li id="hidden-nav-media-level1" class="level1 haschildren last"><a href="/media"><span>Media</span></a><ul id="hidden-section-media-level2"> <li id="hidden-nav-press-releases-level2" class="level2 first"><a href="/media/press-releases/year-2024"><span>Press releases</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-recent-media-coverage-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/recent-media-coverage"><span>Recent Media Coverage</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-press-kit-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/press-kit"><span>Press kit</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-video-gallery-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/video-gallery"><span>Video gallery</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-brochures-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/brochures"><span>Brochures</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-media-contacts-level2" class="level2"><a href="/media/media-contacts"><span>Media contacts</span></a></li><li id="hidden-nav-podcasts-level2" class="level2 last"><a href="/media/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div>   <a class="hide" name="maincontent" id="mainContent"> </a>  <div class="grey-overlay-banner-wrap"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h1> Issuing companies and guarantor </h1> <div class="grey-banner-breadcrumb">  <div id="breadcrumb"> <a href="/">Home</a><span class="separator">|</span><a href="/investors/investor-overview">Investors</a><span class="separator">|</span><a href="/investors/debt-investors/funding-strategy">Debt investors</a><span class="separator">|</span><span>Issuing companies and guarantor</span> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="content-wrap stick-content main-graph-wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="my-content disc"> <div class="disclaimer-wrap"> <div class="disclaimer clearfix"> <h2>Disclaimer</h2> <div class="disc-content"> <p> The presentations, releases, prospectuses and other information contained on this website (the 'Documentation') do not constitute an offer of or an invitation by RELX or any subsidiary in RELX (the 'Company') to subscribe for or purchase any securities (the 'Securities'). The Documentation should not be considered a recommendation by the Company to subscribe for or purchase any Securities. Furthermore, the Documentation speaks only as of its date, and the Company has no obligation or intention to update the Documentation. The reproduction or distribution of the Documentation may be restricted by law in certain jurisdictions. Persons who access the Documentation are required to inform themselves about and to observe any such restrictions as well as make their own determination with regard to any investment in any Securities.</p> <p>Do you agree to the above terms?</p> <div class="disclaimer-buttons"> <a id="accept-buttonfs" href="javascript:;">Yes</a> <a id="decline-buttonfs" href="javascript:;">No</a> </div> </div> <div class="disc-warning"> <p class="red"> You must agree to the terms above to view content in this section </p> </div> </div> <div class="overlay"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="float100 top-section"> <div class="headline">Guarantor:</div> <div class="top-boxholder"> <div class="topbox topbox1"> RELX PLC (guarantor)(1)(4) </div> <div class="topbox topbox2"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="float100 bottom-section-wrapper"> <div class="headline"><span class="arrow-text">Issuers:</span></div> <div class="row"> <div class="colored-boxes-wrapper"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 colored-boxes"> <div class="bottom-section float100"> <div class="top-grey-boxes top-grey-boxes1"> <div class="grey-box"> UK </div> <div class="grey-box"> Netherlands </div> </div> <div class="bottom-colored-boxes"> <div class="color-box color1"> RELX (Investments) plc (3) </div> <div class="color-box color2"> RELX Finance BV </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 colored-boxes"> <div class="bottom-section float100"> <div class="top-grey-boxes top-grey-boxes2"> <div class="grey-box"> US </div> </div> <div class="bottom-colored-boxes"> <div class="color-box color3"> RELX Inc. (2)(3) </div> <div class="color-box color4"> RELX Capital Inc. (3) </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 main-content"> <p>(1) The debt originally issued by Harcourt General, Inc. is not guaranteed by RELX PLC.</p> <p>(2) Includes debt issued in the name of Harcourt General, Inc. that was merged into RELX Inc. (formerly called Reed Elsevier Inc.) on 30 November 2002. As such, all Harcourt General, Inc. debt is an obligation of RELX Inc.; this debt was not part of the sale of the Harcourt Education businesses. The debt originally issued by Harcourt General, Inc. is not guaranteed by RELX PLC.</p> <p>(3) During 2015 the following company names were changed: Reed Elsevier PLC to RELX PLC; Reed Elsevier (Investments) plc to RELX (Investments) plc; Reed Elsevier Inc. to RELX Inc. and Reed Elsevier Capital Inc. to RELX Capital Inc.</p> <p>(4) On 8 September 2018, RELX NV was merged into RELX PLC by way of a cross-border merger. With effect from that date, RELX PLC became the sole guarantor of all debt instruments which were previously guaranteed joint and severally by RELX PLC and RELX NV. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="top-foot"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 col-xs-12"> <div class="foot-2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="footer-header">Contacts</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4"> <p><strong>London</strong> <br /> 1-3 Strand <br /> London <br /> WC2N 5JR <br /> UK <br /> Tel: <a href="tel:+44 20 7166 5500">+44 20 7166 5500</a><br /> Email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6a0605040e05042a180f061244090507"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0c6063626863624c7e696074226f6361">[email protected]</span></a></p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4"> <p><strong>New York</strong> <br /> 230 Park Avenue <br /> New York <br /> NY 10169 <br /> USA <br /> Tel: <a href="tel:+1 212 309 8100">+1 212 309 8100</a> <br /> Email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a8c6cddfd1c7dac3e8dacdc4d086cbc7c5"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="402e2537392f322b0032252c386e232f2d">[email protected]</span></a></p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-xs-12"> <div class="foot-3"> <div class="foot-head"> <p class="footer-header"></p> </div> <div class="foot-social-images"> <p class="linkedin"><a target="_blank" title="LinkedIn – link to website (opens in a new window)" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/relx-group">Linkdin</a></p> <p class="twitter"><a target="_blank" title="Twitter – link to website (opens in a new window)" href="https://twitter.com/RELXHQ">Twitter</a></p> <p class="instagram"><a target="_blank" title="Instagram – link to website (opens in a new window)" href="https://www.instagram.com/relxhq/">Instagram</a></p> <p class="youtube"><a target="_blank" title="YouTube – link to website (opens in a new window)" href="https://youtube.com/c/RELXvideo">YouTube</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bottom-foot"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 col-xs-12"> <div class="foot-links float100"> <ul> <li><a href="/site-services/terms-and-conditions">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/site-services/privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/site-services/cookies">Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/site-services/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/site-services/site-map">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="/site-services/alert-service">Alert Service</a></li> <li><a href="/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/responsibility/relx-slavery-statement-2024.pdf" target="_blank">Modern Slavery Act Statement</a></li> <li><a href="##"" id="cc-CookieSetting">Cookie Settings</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-xs-12"> <div class="copy-right-logo"> <p class="copyright dyndate">© 2024 RELX Group plc</p> <a title="RELX – link to home page" href="/"> <img src="/~/media/Images/R/RELX-Group/logo/footer-logo-v2.png?h=18&iar=0&w=77" alt="RELX – link to home page" width="77" height="18" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> <div id="__JSONMENU" class="ui-helper-hidden"></div> </form> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://assets.investisdigital.com/cookiemanager/v3/latest/js/invd-cm-plugin.min.js" ></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/javascripts/ResourceHandlermerge.js?0=%7BBA1A6D53-C845-4CAC-B7CE-8D3FBE50F317%7D&1=%7B73B46A97-820A-41D7-BE58-0326E228F884%7D&2=%7BB95EEF5D-CD48-44B8-A82A-D3BBB42C0D3B%7D&3=%7B3F99D8B0-206E-4C69-B50F-04B0881B8424%7D&4=%7BE9C6E903-C28C-4ADC-A348-8AC2C2263B0C%7D&5=%7B1593D19B-FD07-4070-9C03-8E2CE3AA93D3%7D&6=%7B170C5BAD-5292-4F07-AC56-D9F5E8DCF70D%7D&7=%7BAF58C240-6638-4011-8CB8-DB0FEA37F675%7D&8=%7BCBBCA8A4-B3CE-426F-98FA-D242597E4970%7D&9=%7B7682EBF9-25A6-41FF-B032-D08FC8AB20E1%7D&10=%7B48D20377-DE8D-44B2-88F0-4C5AE29422BC%7D&11=%7B2B575594-BB30-41F4-BC46-0477916AB09B%7D&12=%7B5E3057AE-94AA-46D2-BDBF-29A5A744A490%7D&13=%7B017B3848-0E33-46E8-AC5A-F413E6F4B34B%7D&15=%7B1746D6F4-F7CF-4816-BC6A-444D1E34316F%7D&sc_lang=en&revision=ab7685ad-fb61-4b38-b29c-5bb37ede4bdc"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/javascripts/js-disclaimer.js?revision=6cb48ef8-cdb1-44de-86f5-4431155d1d65" ></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Issuing companies and guarantor – RELX - Information-based analytics and decision tools