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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>McKinley naming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McKinley_naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alaska_Board_of_Geographic_Names_attempts_to_change_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska_Board_of_Geographic_Names_attempts_to_change_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alaska Board of Geographic Names attempts to change name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska_Board_of_Geographic_Names_attempts_to_change_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewed_efforts_to_change_name_–_2009_to_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewed_efforts_to_change_name_–_2009_to_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Renewed efforts to change name – 2009 to 2015</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewed_efforts_to_change_name_–_2009_to_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denali_established_as_official_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denali_established_as_official_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Denali established as official name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denali_established_as_official_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_name_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_name_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reactions to name change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_name_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1975–2015 event in Alaska history</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bear_Digging_and_Denali_(11330360484).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bear_Digging_and_Denali_%2811330360484%29.jpg/290px-Bear_Digging_and_Denali_%2811330360484%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bear_Digging_and_Denali_%2811330360484%29.jpg/435px-Bear_Digging_and_Denali_%2811330360484%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bear_Digging_and_Denali_%2811330360484%29.jpg/580px-Bear_Digging_and_Denali_%2811330360484%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>View of the mountain, centerpiece of <a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Denali National Park and Preserve">Denali National Park and Preserve</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The name of <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">the highest mountain in North America</a> became a <a href="/wiki/Geographical_renaming" title="Geographical renaming">subject of dispute</a> in 1975, when the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Legislature">Alaska Legislature</a> asked the <a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. federal government">U.S. federal government</a> to officially change its name from "Mount McKinley" to "Denali". The mountain had been unofficially named Mount McKinley in 1896 by a gold prospector, and officially by the federal government in 1917 to commemorate <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, who was <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> from 1897 until <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_William_McKinley" title="Assassination of William McKinley">his assassination in 1901</a>. </p><p>The name <i>Denali</i> is based on the <a href="/wiki/Koyukon_language" title="Koyukon language">Koyukon</a> name of the mountain, <span title="Koyukon-language text"><i lang="koy">Deenaalee</i></span> ('the high one').<sup id="cite_ref-Shem-Pete_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shem-Pete-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IBT-Glum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBT-Glum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Koyukon" title="Koyukon">Koyukon</a> are a people of <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Athabaskans" title="Alaskan Athabaskans">Alaskan Athabaskans</a> (also known as Dena) who settled in the interior area north of the mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-Shem-Pete_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shem-Pete-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ADNMartinson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADNMartinson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, the state of Alaska requested that the mountain be officially recognized as Denali, as it was still the common name used in the state and was traditional among Alaska Native peoples. This change action was repeatedly blocked by members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Ohio" title="United States congressional delegations from Ohio">congressional delegation from Ohio</a>, the home state of the mountain's presidential namesake. </p><p>In August 2015, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Jewell" title="Sally Jewell">Sally Jewell</a> announced that the name would officially be changed to Denali in all federal documents.<sup id="cite_ref-OrderNo3337_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OrderNo3337-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OldNameReturns_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldNameReturns-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While on an Alaskan visit in the first week of September 2015, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> announced the renaming of the mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_names">Historic names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historic names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 18em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: gold;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alaska" title="History of Alaska">History of Alaska</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/135px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/203px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/270px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Alaska" title="Prehistory of Alaska">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">Russian America</a> (1733–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Department of Alaska</a> (1867–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Alaska" title="District of Alaska">District of Alaska</a> (1884–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory of Alaska</a> (1912–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska#Statehood" title="Alaska">State of Alaska</a> (1959–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Alaska" title="Category:History of Alaska">Other topics</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alaska_History_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Alaska History sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alaska_History_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Alaska History sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alaska_History_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alaska History sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Numerous Indigenous peoples of the area had their own names for this prominent peak. The local <a href="/wiki/Koyukon_language" title="Koyukon language">Koyukon</a> <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Athabaskans" title="Alaskan Athabaskans">Athabaskan</a> name for the mountain, used by the Indigenous Americans with access to the flanks of the mountain (living in the <a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanana_River" title="Tanana River">Tanana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuskokwim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuskokwim">Kuskokwim</a> basins), is <span title="Koyukon-language text"><i lang="koy">Dinale</i></span> or <span title="Koyukon-language text"><i lang="koy">Denali</i></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the South the <a href="/wiki/Dena%27ina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dena'ina">Dena'ina</a> people in the <a href="/wiki/Susitna_River" title="Susitna River">Susitna River</a> valley used the name <span title="Tanaina-language text"><i lang="tfn">Dghelay Ka'a</i></span> ('the big mountain'), anglicized as <i>Doleika</i> or <i>Traleika</i>, as in <a href="/wiki/Traleika_Glacier" title="Traleika Glacier">Traleika Glacier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shem-Pete_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shem-Pete-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beckey_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckey-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The historical first European sighting of Denali took place on May 6, 1794, when <a href="/wiki/George_Vancouver" title="George Vancouver">George Vancouver</a> was surveying the <a href="/wiki/Knik_Arm" title="Knik Arm">Knik Arm</a> of the Cook Inlet and mentioned "distant stupendous mountains" in his journal. However, he uncharacteristically left the mountain unnamed. The mountain is first named on a map by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Ferdinand von Wrangel</a> in 1839; the names Tschigmit and <i>Tenada</i> correspond to the locations of Mount Foraker and Denali, respectively. Von Wrangel had been chief administrator of the Russian settlements in North America from 1829 to 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-beckey_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beckey-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian ownership of Alaska</a>, the common name for the mountain was <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Bolshaya Gora</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Большая Гора</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'big mountain').<sup id="cite_ref-DictionaryOFAlaskaPlaceNames_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DictionaryOFAlaskaPlaceNames-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first English name applied to the peak was <i>Densmore's Mountain</i> or <i>Densmore's Peak</i>, for the gold prospector Frank Densmore, who in 1889 had fervently praised the mountain's majesty; however, the name persevered only locally and informally.<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="McKinley_naming">McKinley naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: McKinley naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mountain was first designated "Mount McKinley" by a New Hampshire-born <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattleite</a> named William Dickey, who led a gold prospecting dig in the sands of the <a href="/wiki/Susitna_River" title="Susitna River">Susitna River</a> in June 1896. An account written on his return to the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a> appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(New_York_City)" title="The Sun (New York City)">The New York Sun</a></i> on January 24, 1897, under the title <i>Discoveries in Alaska (1896)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sherwonit2000_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherwonit2000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-News-Miner1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News-Miner1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dickey wrote, "We named our great peak Mount McKinley, after William McKinley of Ohio, who had been nominated for the Presidency, and that fact was the first news we received on our way out of that wonderful wilderness."<sup id="cite_ref-Sherwonit2000_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherwonit2000-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-News-Miner1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News-Miner1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By most accounts, the naming was politically driven; Dickey had met many silver miners who zealously promoted Democratic presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a>'s ideal of a <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Gold_speech" title="Cross of Gold speech">silver standard</a>, inspiring him to retaliate by naming the mountain after a strong proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-News-Miner1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News-Miner1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS) report in 1900, <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Edward_Spurr" title="Josiah Edward Spurr">Josiah Edward Spurr</a> refers to "the giant mountain variously known to Americans as Mount Allen, Mount McKinley, or Bulshaia, the latter being a corruption of the Russian adjective meaning big."<sup id="cite_ref-Spurr1900_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurr1900-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1900 report otherwise calls it <i>Mount McKinley</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as does the 1911 USGS report <i>The Mount McKinley Region, Alaska</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_William_McKinley" title="Assassination of William McKinley">McKinley was assassinated</a> early in his second term, shot by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz" title="Leon Czolgosz">Leon Czolgosz</a> on September 6, 1901, and dying of his wounds on September 14. This led to sentiment favoring commemoration of his memory, and the Federal government officially adopted the name Mount McKinley in 1917, when Congress passed and <a href="/wiki/President_Woodrow_Wilson" class="mw-redirect" title="President Woodrow Wilson">President Woodrow Wilson</a> signed into law "An Act to establish the Mount McKinley National Park in the territory of Alaska" (Public Act No. 353).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alaska_Board_of_Geographic_Names_attempts_to_change_name">Alaska Board of Geographic Names attempts to change name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alaska Board of Geographic Names attempts to change name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Regula_congressional_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ralph_Regula_congressional_portrait.jpg/170px-Ralph_Regula_congressional_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ralph_Regula_congressional_portrait.jpg/255px-Ralph_Regula_congressional_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Ralph_Regula_congressional_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Ohio <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Congressman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Regula" title="Ralph Regula">Ralph Regula</a>'s opposition prevented the renaming of Mount McKinley from 1975 to 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p>The mountain was always commonly referred to by its Koyukon Athabaskan name <i>Denali</i>, especially by Alaskans, mountaineers, and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a>. In 1975, the Alaska Board of Geographic Names changed the name of the mountain to Denali,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, at Governor <a href="/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond">Jay Hammond</a>'s behest, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Legislature">Alaska Legislature</a> officially requested that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Board_on_Geographic_Names" title="United States Board on Geographic Names">United States Board on Geographic Names</a> (BGN), the federal governmental body responsible for naming geographic features in the United States, change the name of the mountain from "Mount McKinley" to "Mount Denali".<sup id="cite_ref-Norris_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ohio congressman <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Regula" title="Ralph Regula">Ralph Regula</a> (whose district included <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton</a>, where McKinley spent much of his life) opposed action by the U.S. Board and was able to prevent it.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, the Board consideration was delayed by opposition from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">Rogers Morton</a>, under whose purview the board fell, as he personally did not favor a change of the mountain's name.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in 1977, with Secretary Morton no longer at the helm of the Department of the Interior, the Board again prepared to consider the name change, but Regula gathered signatures from every member of the Ohio congressional delegation against renaming Mount McKinley, and no ruling was made.<sup id="cite_ref-News-Miner1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News-Miner1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norris_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 2, 1980, with President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s signing into law of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_National_Interest_Lands_Conservation_Act" title="Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act">Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act</a> (ANILCA), McKinley National Park—which had been created on February 26, 1917<sup id="cite_ref-News-Miner1_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News-Miner1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—was incorporated into a larger protected area named <a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Denali National Park and Preserve">Denali National Park and Preserve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan_Times_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan_Times-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naming the new, larger park Denali, while retaining the name Mount McKinley for the actual mountain was thought to be a compromise by many "Mount McKinley" partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryan_Times_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryan_Times-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seattle_Times_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seattle_Times-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, "Denali" advocates, including Alaska Congressman <a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Don Young</a>, rejected the position that the 1980 action constituted a real compromise, and instead argued that naming the mountain and park by different names only created confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-Seattle_Times_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seattle_Times-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Board was originally set to make a ruling on December 10, 1980, with the passage of Lands Conservation Act on December 2, they opted to defer their ruling yet again.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year, Regula used a procedural maneuver to prevent any change to the Mount McKinley name. Under U.S. Board on Geographic Names policy,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Board cannot consider any name-change proposal if congressional legislation relating to that name is pending. Thus, Regula began a biennial legislative tradition of either introducing language into Interior Department appropriation bills, or introducing a stand-alone bill that directed that the name of Mount McKinley should not be changed.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This effectively killed the Denali name-change proposal pending with the Board.<sup id="cite_ref-Norris_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norris-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renewed_efforts_to_change_name_–_2009_to_2015"><span id="Renewed_efforts_to_change_name_.E2.80.93_2009_to_2015"></span>Renewed efforts to change name – 2009 to 2015</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Renewed efforts to change name – 2009 to 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the retirement of Regula reinvigorated interest in renaming the mountain. Alaska State Representative <a href="/wiki/Scott_Kawasaki" title="Scott Kawasaki">Scott Kawasaki</a> sponsored Alaska House Joint Resolution 15, which urges the U.S. Congress to rename the mountain Denali.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite efforts in Alaska, Ohio Representatives <a href="/wiki/Betty_Sutton" title="Betty Sutton">Betty Sutton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Ryan_(Ohio_politician)" title="Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)">Tim Ryan</a> assumed Regula's role as congressional guardians of the Mount McKinley name and introduced H.R. 229 which reads: "Notwithstanding any other authority of law, the mountain located 63 degrees 04 minutes 12 seconds north, by 151 degrees 00 minutes 18 seconds west shall continue to be named and referred to for all purposes as Mount McKinley."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A January 2015 bill submitted by Alaska Senator <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> once again proposed renaming the peak to Denali. In June 2015 testimony to Congress, the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>'s associate director stated that the NPS "has no objection to adopting the name of Denali for Mt. McKinley".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denali_established_as_official_name">Denali established as official name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Denali established as official name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG/220px-Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG/330px-Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG/440px-Denalibeyersflatcalm.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Denali seen from <a href="/wiki/Byers_Lake_(Alaska)" title="Byers Lake (Alaska)">Byers Lake</a> the morning after the rename</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 30, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Jewell" title="Sally Jewell">Sally Jewell</a> announced that the mountain would be renamed Denali, under authority of federal law which permits her as Secretary of the Interior to name geographic features if the Board on Geographic Names does not act within a "reasonable" period of time. In media interviews, Jewell cited the board's failure to act on the state's four-decade-old request, saying "I think any of us would think that 40 years is an unreasonable amount of time."<sup id="cite_ref-ADNMartinson_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADNMartinson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OrderNo3337_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OrderNo3337-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OldNameReturns_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OldNameReturns-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USAToday-Korte_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-Korte-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_to_name_change">Reactions to name change</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reactions to name change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ohio Republicans were critical of the renaming. <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a>, who served as <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a> and a Representative from Ohio at the time that the name change was announced, said he was "deeply disappointed" by the change,<sup id="cite_ref-NBC-Schuppe_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC-Schuppe-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Regula, who had retired by the time the name change was announced, commented that Obama "thinks he is a dictator".<sup id="cite_ref-Dispatch-Torry_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dispatch-Torry-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016">Presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> called the name change a "great insult to Ohio" and vowed to reverse the decision if elected.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All 13 Republican members of Ohio's congressional delegation signed a letter of complaint denouncing the "troubling" action of the Obama administration: "William McKinley's legacy has been tarnished by a political stunt."<sup id="cite_ref-Skolnick4Sept_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skolnick4Sept-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Mike_Turner" title="Mike Turner">Mike Turner</a> of Ohio vowed to fight the change: "I'm certain [Obama] didn't notify President McKinley's descendants, who find this outrageous."<sup id="cite_ref-Weigel31Aug_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigel31Aug-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not all the state's elected Republicans agreed, however, such as <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Secretary_of_State" title="Ohio Secretary of State">Ohio Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Jon_A._Husted" class="mw-redirect" title="Jon A. Husted">Jon A. Husted</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>I wouldn't want people from Alaska telling me what things in Ohio should be. So I guess we shouldn't tell people from Alaska what they should do in their own state.<sup id="cite_ref-Skolnick4Sept_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skolnick4Sept-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In February 2015, in response to the objections from Ohio, Senator <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> of Alaska, a Republican, said: </p> <blockquote><p>There's a lot of things in Ohio that are already named after McKinley. This is no affront to our former president; this is all about ensuring that respect for the land and respect for the native people of the region is afforded.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes0830_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes0830-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Ohio native and junior Alaska Senator <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._Senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. Senator)">Dan Sullivan</a>, a Republican, said he was "gratified" that President Obama changed the name.<sup id="cite_ref-ADN-Martinson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADN-Martinson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Alaska">Alaska Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Walker_(American_politician)" title="Bill Walker (American politician)">Bill Walker</a>, an independent, said: "Alaska's place names should reflect and respect the rich cultural history of our state, and officially recognizing the name Denali does just that."<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes0830_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes0830-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 30, 2015, speaking from Denali's <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Glacier" title="Ruth Glacier">Ruth Glacier</a>, Senator Murkowski said: </p> <blockquote><p>For centuries, Alaskans have known this majestic mountain as the 'Great One'. Today we are honored to be able to officially recognize the mountain as Denali. I'd like to thank the President for working with us to achieve this significant change to show honor, respect and gratitude to the Athabascan people of Alaska.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes0830_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes0830-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KNOM_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KNOM-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Obama used the first week of September 2015 on a "<a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>-focused" visit, which he also used to announce the renaming of the mountain. On September 6, 2015, former Alaska Governor <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> criticized Obama's Alaskan visit and also voiced her opposition to the name change: "The name of the national park was changed to Denali some years ago. So I thought that was good enough. We could keep McKinley as the highest peak on the North American continent. We could keep that name McKinley."<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the 2016 presidential election, President Trump and Interior Secretary <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Ryan Zinke</a> reportedly asked Alaskan senators <a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._Senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. Senator)">Dan Sullivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> if they wanted Trump to reverse the name change. The two senators told Trump that they did not want this to happen, and Trump agreed not to reverse the name change.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_naming" title="Dual naming">Dual naming</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ADNMartinson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADNMartinson_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADNMartinson_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Kari" title="James Kari">James Kari</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Language_Center" title="Alaska Native Language Center">Alaska Native Language Center</a> writes in <i>Shem Pete's Alaska</i>, the "name 'Denali' is based upon the <a href="/wiki/Koyukon_language" title="Koyukon language">Koyukon</a> place name as used by the people north of the mountain." Kari explains that "the name 'Denali' does not mean 'The Great One', as is commonly cited, but is instead based upon this verb theme meaning 'high' or 'tall<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-ADN-Martinson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADN-Martinson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shem-Pete-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shem-Pete_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shem-Pete_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shem-Pete_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKariFallPete2003" class="citation book cs1">Kari, James; Fall, James A.; Pete, Shem (August 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y9oUBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA211"><i>Shem Pete's Alaska: The Territory of the Upper Cook Inlet Dena'ina</i></a>. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Press. pp. 211–213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-889963-57-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-889963-57-0"><bdi>978-1-889963-57-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shem+Pete%27s+Alaska%3A+The+Territory+of+the+Upper+Cook+Inlet+Dena%27ina&rft.place=Fairbanks%2C+AK&rft.pages=211-213&rft.pub=University+of+Alaska+Press&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-889963-57-0&rft.aulast=Kari&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Fall%2C+James+A.&rft.au=Pete%2C+Shem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy9oUBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenali%E2%80%93Mount+McKinley+naming+dispute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBT-Glum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBT-Glum_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlum2015" class="citation news cs1">Glum, Julia (August 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/what-does-denali-mean-mount-mckinleys-new-name-traditionally-defined-high-one-2075235">"What Does Denali Mean? Mount McKinley's New Name Traditionally Defined As 'The High One'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=What+Does+Denali+Mean%3F+Mount+McKinley%27s+New+Name+Traditionally+Defined+As+%27The+High+One%27&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft.aulast=Glum&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fwhat-does-denali-mean-mount-mckinleys-new-name-traditionally-defined-high-one-2075235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenali%E2%80%93Mount+McKinley+naming+dispute" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (September 2015)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADN-Martinson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ADN-Martinson_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ADN-Martinson_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinson2015" class="citation web cs1">Martinson, Erica (August 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adn.com/article/20150830/mckinley-no-more-americas-tallest-peak-be-renamed-denali">"McKinley no more: North America's tallest peak to be renamed Denali"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Dispatch_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Dispatch News">Alaska Dispatch News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsminer.com/news/2009/feb/22/mount-mckinley-name-change-gets-new-wave-support/">the original</a> on February 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Alaska">Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Alaska" title="Outline of Alaska">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Alaska-related_articles" title="Index of Alaska-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Alaska" title="Climate of Alaska">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Alaska" title="Geography of Alaska">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Alaska" title="Geology of Alaska">Geology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Alaska" title="List of earthquakes in Alaska">Earthquakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Alaska" title="Government of Alaska">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Alaska" title="United States congressional delegations from Alaska">Delegations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alaska" title="History of Alaska">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Alaska" title="Music of Alaska">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Alaska" title="List of people from Alaska">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_state_symbols" title="List of Alaska state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Alaska" title="Transportation in Alaska">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Alaska" title="Wildlife of Alaska">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/79px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="79" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/119px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/158px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="388" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Alaska" title="Abortion in Alaska">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska" title="Cannabis in Alaska">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Alaska" title="Climate change in Alaska">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Alaska" title="Crime in Alaska">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Alaska" title="Demographics of Alaska">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alaska" title="Economy of Alaska">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Alaska">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alaska" title="Elections in Alaska">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Alaska" title="Gun laws in Alaska">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Alaska">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Alaska">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentistry_in_rural_Alaska" title="Dentistry in rural Alaska">Rural dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Alaska" title="Politics of Alaska">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Alaska">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Alaska)" title="The Bush (Alaska)">The Bush</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Alaska" title="Arctic Alaska">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_North_Slope" title="Alaska North Slope">North Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Alaska" title="Southwest Alaska">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon%E2%80%93Kuskokwim_Delta" title="Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta">Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Passage" title="Inside Passage">Inside Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Alaska" title="Interior Alaska">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matanuska-Susitna_Valley" title="Matanuska-Susitna Valley">Mat‑Su Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward_Peninsula" title="Seward Peninsula">Seward Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southcentral_Alaska" title="Southcentral Alaska">Southcentral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanana_Valley" title="Tanana Valley">Tanana Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alaska" title="List of cities in Alaska">Largest cities</a> <br /> pop. over 25,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alaska" title="List of cities in Alaska">Smaller cities</a> <br /> pop. over 2,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Alaska" title="Bethel, Alaska">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordova,_Alaska" title="Cordova, Alaska">Cordova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingham,_Alaska" title="Dillingham, Alaska">Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer,_Alaska" title="Homer, Alaska">Homer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai,_Alaska" title="Kenai, Alaska">Kenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan, Alaska">Ketchikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiak,_Alaska" title="Kodiak, Alaska">Kodiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzebue,_Alaska" title="Kotzebue, Alaska">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pole,_Alaska" title="North Pole, Alaska">North Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer,_Alaska" title="Palmer, Alaska">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Alaska" title="Petersburg, Alaska">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldotna,_Alaska" title="Soldotna, Alaska">Soldotna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasilla,_Alaska" title="Wasilla, Alaska">Wasilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangell,_Alaska" title="Wrangell, Alaska">Wrangell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutians_East_Borough,_Alaska" title="Aleutians East Borough, Alaska">Aleutians East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bay_Borough,_Alaska" title="Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska">Bristol Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denali_Borough,_Alaska" title="Denali Borough, Alaska">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_North_Star_Borough,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska">Fairbanks North Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haines_Borough,_Alaska" title="Haines Borough, Alaska">Haines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula_Borough,_Alaska" title="Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska">Kenai Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchikan_Gateway_Borough,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska">Ketchikan Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island_Borough,_Alaska" title="Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska">Kodiak Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_and_Peninsula_Borough,_Alaska" title="Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska">Lake and Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matanuska-Susitna_Borough,_Alaska" title="Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska">Matanuska‑Susitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Slope_Borough,_Alaska" title="North Slope Borough, Alaska">North Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Arctic_Borough,_Alaska" title="Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska">Northwest Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersburg_Borough,_Alaska" title="Petersburg Borough, Alaska">Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrangell,_Alaska" title="Wrangell, Alaska">Wrangell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakutat,_Alaska" title="Yakutat, Alaska">Yakutat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unorganized_Borough,_Alaska" title="Unorganized Borough, Alaska">Unorganized</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_corporation" title="Alaska Native corporation">Native corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Slope_Regional_Corporation" title="Arctic Slope Regional Corporation">Arctic Slope Regional Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Straits_Native_Corporation" title="Bering Straits Native Corporation">Bering Straits Native Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NANA_Regional_Corporation" title="NANA Regional Corporation">NANA Regional Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calista_Corporation" title="Calista Corporation">Calista Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyon,_Limited" title="Doyon, Limited">Doyon, Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Inlet_Region,_Inc." title="Cook Inlet Region, Inc.">Cook Inlet Region, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bay_Native_Corporation" title="Bristol Bay Native Corporation">Bristol Bay Native Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aleut_Corporation" title="The Aleut Corporation">The Aleut Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chugach_Alaska_Corporation" title="Chugach Alaska Corporation">Chugach Alaska Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealaska_Corporation" title="Sealaska Corporation">Sealaska Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koniag,_Incorporated" title="Koniag, Incorporated">Koniag, Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtna,_Incorporated" title="Ahtna, Incorporated">Ahtna, Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_13th_Regional_Corporation" title="The 13th Regional Corporation">The 13th Regional Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">Census Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleutians_West_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska">Aleutians West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Bethel Census Area, Alaska">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chugach_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Chugach Census Area, Alaska">Chugach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_River_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Copper River Census Area, Alaska">Copper River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingham_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Dillingham Census Area, Alaska">Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoonah%E2%80%93Angoon_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska">Hoonah–Angoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusilvak_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska">Kusilvak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Nome Census Area, Alaska">Nome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%E2%80%93Hyder_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska">Prince of Wales–Hyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Fairbanks_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska">Southeast Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon%E2%80%93Koyukuk_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska">Yukon–Koyukuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#BBDDFF;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/32px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/48px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/64px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alaska" title="Portal:Alaska">Alaska portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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