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company logo" class="Logo_root__Qba3h" data-cy="slideshare-logo" title="Return to the homepage" href="https://www.slideshare.net/"><img alt="SlideShare a Scribd company logo" loading="lazy" width="120" height="30" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/svg/logo/slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=128&q=75 1x, https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/svg/logo/slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=256&q=75 2x" src="https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/svg/logo/slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=256&q=75"/></a></div><div class="SearchForm_root__usp4s"><form data-testid="search-form" role="search"><input name="searchfrom" type="hidden" value="header"/><input type="text" autoComplete="off" aria-label="Search SlideShare" id="nav-search-query" data-cy="search-field" name="q" placeholder="Search" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R16d6:" popovertarget=":R16d6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R16d6" value=""/><div class="SearchForm_popover__K3_9y SearchForm_hidden__rZp69" id=":R16d6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R16d6"></div><button type="submit" class="SearchForm_submit__U8kPR" id="search-submit" data-cy="search-submit"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/search.844a289d.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span></span></button></form></div><div class="HeaderActions_root__11_ai undefined"></div></header><div class="SlideshowScreen_root__k9j1_ SlideshowScreen_withKeyMoments__RbHLe"><div class="metadata Metadata_root__oCstk" data-cy="metadata"><h1 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h1__3k7S2 title Title_root__svkHQ">Secret History of Silicon Valley Rev 4 Dec 09</h1><div class="stats Stats_root__p_BoZ"><time dateTime="2009-12-06 00:40:59 UTC">Dec 6, 2009</time><span class="Stats_bullet__DbT30"></span><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_weight-strong__yEO2S Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_medium__rk8Tn Likes_root__WVQ1_ text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0" tabindex="0">121 likes</span><span class="Stats_bullet__DbT30"></span><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_weight-strong__yEO2S Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_medium__rk8Tn Likes_root__WVQ1_ text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0" tabindex="0">250,769 views</span></div><div class="author Author_root___6Bx5"><a data-cy="author-link" class="Author_link___lVxw ellipsis" title="Stanford University" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank"><div class="Avatar_root__GNWHY" style="width:24px;height:24px;line-height:24px"><img class="Avatar_image__Bbtll" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-sblank-48x48.jpg?cb=1707173175" alt="Stanford University" loading="lazy" decoding="sync"/></div><span>Stanford University</span></a></div><div class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>The document outlines the secret history of Silicon Valley, tracing the origins of entrepreneurship in the region back to World War II when Stanford Professor Frederick Terman established the Electronics Research Laboratory to develop electronic warfare technologies for the US military using radar and communications. This led to the development of key microwave components like klystrons, carcinotrons, and traveling wave tubes that enabled new radar and signals intelligence systems and helped spawn the electronics industry in the area after the war.<button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_less__BvWbY Description_hidden__a9QZJ" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read less"><span>Read less</span></button></p></div><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_more__ChrRK" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read more" data-cy="read-more-button"><span>Read more</span></button></div><div class="actions Actions_root__00yIC"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi like-button unliked" data-testid="button" aria-label="Like" data-favorited="false" data-cy="like-button" 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Text_secondary__EPWj0 Text_xsmall__vYp9p text" style="-webkit-line-clamp:0">Downloaded 1,240 times</span></div></div><div class="MetadataToolbar_underline__QQn0C"></div></div></div><div class="player Player_root__L1AmF"><div id="new-player" class="vertical-player VerticalPlayer_root__K8_YS" data-slideshow-id="2658658"><div><div id="slide1" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-0" alt="Hidden in Plain Sight: The Secret History of Silicon Valley Watch This Talk Online http://bit.ly/SecretVideo Read the Backstory http://bit.ly/SecretStories Read the Blog www.steveblank.com Rev 4 Dec 09 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="eager" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-1-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-1-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide2" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-1" alt="The Genesis of Silicon Valley Entrepreneurship Marc Andreessen Internet Steve Jobs Personal Computers Gordon Moore Integrated Circuits Innovation Networks Hewlett & Packard Defense 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-2-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-2-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide3" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-2" alt="The Popular View of Silicon Valley History Internet Personal Computers Integrated Circuits Fruit Orchards Innovation Networks Fruit Orchards Fruit Orchards 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-3-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-3-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide4" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-3" alt="The Real Story of Silicon Valley History Internet Personal Computers Integrated Circuits Microwaves Innovation Networks Test Equipment Vacuum Tubes 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-4-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-4-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide5" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-4" alt="A few caveats • Not a professional historian • WWII story from the western front - lacks Soviet contributions • Some of this is probably wrong • Cold War story is U.S.- centric. Other data points welcomed • All “secrets” are from open-source literature The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-5-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-5-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide6" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-5" alt="Seven Short Stories The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-6-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-6-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide7" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-6" alt="Story 1: WWII The First Electronic War The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-7-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-7-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide8" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-7" alt="Dec 7th 1941: America Enters WWII • Britain fighting since Sept ‘39 • Soviets fighting massive land/air battles since June ‘41 • Allies incapable of landing in Western Europe for 2+ years • Decide that – priority was to win in Europe vs Pacific – destroy German war fighting capacity from the air until they can invade The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-8-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-8-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-8-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-8-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide9" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-8" alt="Strategic Bombing of Germany March 1943: The Combined Bomber Offensive “Your primary objective will be the progressive destruction and dislocation of the German military, industrial and economic system and the undermining of the morale of the German people to a point where their capacity for armed resistance is fatally weakened." The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-9-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-9-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-9-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-9-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide10" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-9" alt="Strategic Bombing of Germany The Combined Bomber Offensive • British bombed at Night – Area Bombing • Lancaster's • Halifax • Flew at 7 - 17 thousand feet • The American’s by Day – Precision Bombing • B-17’s • B-24’s • Flew at 15 - 25 thousand feet The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-10-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-10-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-10-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-10-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide11" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-10" alt="The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-11-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-11-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-11-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-11-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide12" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-11" alt="Early Warning Radar Range The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-12-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-12-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-12-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-12-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide13" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-12" alt="The German Air Defense System The Kammhuber Line • Integrated Electronic air defense network – Covered France, the Low Countries, and into northern Germany • Protection from British/US bomber raids – Warn and Detect – Target and Aim – Destroy The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-13-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-13-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-13-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-13-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide14" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-13" alt="British/American Air War in Western Europe 28,000 Active Combat Planes 40,000 Allied planes lost or damaged beyond repair: 18,000 American and 22,000 British (46 000 planes lost by the USSR in the East) 79,265 Americans and 79,281 British killed, wounded or captured The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-14-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-14-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-14-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-14-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide15" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-14" alt="Early Warning Radars in Occupied France The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-15-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-15-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-15-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-15-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide16" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-15" alt="Mammoth Early Warning Radar • 200 mile range – 150 MHz, 200KW, PRF 500hz, PW 3µs, accuracy 0.5° • 100’ wide, 33’ high • 1st phased-array radar • Operational 1942 • 20 built The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-16-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-16-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-16-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-16-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide17" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-16" alt="Wasserman Early Warning Radar • 150 mile range – 150 MHz, 100KW, PRF 500hz, PW 3µs, accuracy 0.25° • Backbone of the German early warning network • Steerable tower 190’ • Operational 1942 • 150 built The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-17-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-17-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-17-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-17-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide18" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-17" alt="Jagdschloss Early Warning Radar • 180 mile range – 120-157 or 156-250 MHz, 300KW, PW 1us, PRF 500hz • Best early warning radar • 360° rotation at 4 rpm, • Remote PPI display via microwave link • Operational 1944 • 80 built The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-18-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-18-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-18-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-18-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide19" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-18" alt="Himmelbelt Local Air Defense Network • Box ~30 x 20 miles • Integrated network of radars, flak, fighters, searchlights The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-19-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-19-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-19-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-19-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide20" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-19" alt="Himmelbelt Radar Order of Battle • Freya – early warning radar – detect allied bombers The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-20-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-20-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-20-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-20-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide21" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-20" alt="Himmelbelt Radar Order of Battle • Freya – early warning radar – detect allied bombers • Giant Wurzburg – Ground Controlled Intercept radar – direct fighters to bombers – fighters could then intercept with their on-board radar The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-21-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-21-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-21-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-21-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide22" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-21" alt="Himmelbelt Radar Order of Battle • Freya – early warning radar – detect allied bombers • Giant Wurzburg – Ground Controlled Intercept radar – direct fighters to bombers – fighters could then intercept with their on-board radar • Lichtenstein BC & SN2 – Airborne radar on German nightfighters The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-22-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-22-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-22-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-22-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide23" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-22" alt="Freya Early Warning Radar • 60-120 mile range – 120-144 MHz, 15KW, PRF 500hz, PW 3 µs, accuracy 1.5° • Steerable and mobile • Over 1000 deployed The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-23-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-23-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-23-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-23-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide24" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-23" alt="Giant Wurzburg Ground Control Intercept Radar • 45 mile range – 533-566mhz frequency agile, 10KW, PRF 1875hz, PW 2 µs • GCI radar • 25’ wide • over 1,500 deployed The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-24-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-24-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-24-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-24-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide25" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-24" alt="Luftwaffe Signals Intelligence Service • Network of passive intercept stations • Picked up allied radio and bombing-radar signals • Plotted location of bomber streams The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-25-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-25-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-25-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-25-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide26" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-25" alt="Himmelbett Air Battle Air Traffic Control • Radars fed Himmelbett centers • Operators worked from rows of seats in front of a huge screen • Fighters would fly orbits around a radio beacon – fighter controller talked it to the vicinity of the target • Fighters would turn on its radar, acquire the target, and attack The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-26-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-26-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-26-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-26-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide27" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-26" alt="The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-27-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-27-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-27-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-27-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide28" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-27" alt="Flak - Radar Controlled Anti Aircraft Guns • 15,000 Flak Guns – 400,000 soldiers in flak batteries • Radar-directed flak to 30,000’ – 128mm: 10 shells/minute – 105mm: 15 rounds/minute – 88mm: 15-20 rounds/minute • Fused for time – Fragmentation rounds 105 mm flak Flak: an abbreviation for Fliegerabwehrkanonen, german for anti-aircraft guns – No Proximity Fuses The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-28-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-28-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-28-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-28-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide29" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-28" alt="Wurzburg Anti-Aircraft Radar • Fire control of flak batteries • 15 mile range – 533-566 MHz frequency agile – 10KW, PRF 3750hz, PW 2us, Accuracy 25 meters • 10 feet wide • Steerable and Mobile • ~ 5,000 deployed The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-29-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-29-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-29-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-29-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide30" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-29" alt="Operation Biting - Raid on Bruneval • Commando raid to steal a Wurzburg • 27 February 1942 • Captured all the radar electronics and technicians • Used it to test countermeasures The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-30-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-30-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-30-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-30-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide31" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-30" alt="German Night-Fighters On-board Radar • Directed to vicinity by ground radar • Dornier Do 17, Junkers Ju 88, Messerschmitt Bf 110 • “Lichtenstein” B/C then SN2 Radar – Range 2.5 miles, 400mhz then 90mhz The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-31-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-31-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-31-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-31-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide32" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-31" alt="The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-32-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-32-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-32-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-32-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide33" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-32" alt="German Day Fighters Vectored by Ground Radar • Ground Control Intercept radar talked the fighters into visual range of the bombers • Messerschmitt BF-109, Focke Wolf 190 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-33-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-33-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-33-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-33-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide34" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-33" alt="The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-34-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-34-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-34-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-34-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide35" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-34" alt="Not many clear days a month in winter over Europe How did they see the target? The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-35-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-35-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-35-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-35-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide36" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-35" alt="Bombing Through Overcast Solution: Air to Ground Bombing Radar • Radar aimed at the ground – Targets could be seen under clouds and rain – Outlines of major ground features – map overlays • British in Mid 1943 – H2S 300mhz • Americans in late 1943 – H2X / APS-15 3ghz – B-24 & P-38 Pathfinders • Oops - Naxos The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-36-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-36-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-36-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-36-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide37" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-36" alt="Math Challenge For every 100 bombers on a mission 4 - 20% would not return Crews had to fly 25 mission to go home The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-37-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-37-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-37-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-37-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide38" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-37" alt="Story 2: The Electronic Shield - Electronic Warfare The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-38-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-38-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-38-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-38-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide39" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-38" alt="Harvard Radio Research Lab (RRL) Signals Intelligence and Electronic Warfare • Reduce losses to fighters and flak • Find/understand German Air Defense – Electronic and Signals Intelligence • Jam/confuse German Air Defense – Radar Order of Battle – Chaff – Jammers • Top Secret 800 person lab The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-39-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-39-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-39-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-39-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide40" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-39" alt="ELINT – Electronic Intelligence The Line of Sight Problem You got to get close! The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-40-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-40-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-40-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-40-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide41" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-40" alt="ELINT using Ferret’s Find and understand German Air Defense • Ferret’s and Crows • B-24J flights inside Germany to intercept German radar signals • Fitted with receivers & displays • Wire and strip recorders – Frequency, pulse rate, power, etc. – 50 MHz to 3 GHz The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-41-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-41-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-41-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-41-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide42" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-41" alt="Using ELINT to Map Radar Coverage The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-42-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-42-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-42-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-42-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide43" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-42" alt="Window/Chaff Jam Wurzburg AAA & GCI Radar • Strips of aluminum foil – 1/2 Wurzburg frequency • 46,000 packets tossed out by hand – Each packet contained 2,000 strips – Automatic dispensers came later • First used July 1943 – Raid on Hamburg – Shut down German air defense • Used 3/4’s of Aluminum Foil in the US The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-43-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-43-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-43-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-43-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide44" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-43" alt="Blind German Early Warning Radar Jam Wassermann, Mammoth and Freya MANDREL • Put Jammers on Airplanes Jammer • Mandrel/APT-3 • DINA/APT-1 – First on escort fighters – Later on bombers – 12 watts DINA Jammer The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-44-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-44-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-44-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-44-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide45" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-44" alt="Shut down Flak & Ground Control Radar Jam the Wurzburg’s • “Carpet” AN/APT-2 Jammer – Confuse Wurzburg radar – Shut down flak – Shut down GCI – 5 Watts • 24,000 built – On all bombers Carpet Jammer The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-45-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-45-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-45-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-45-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide46" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-45" alt="Shut down and Spoof Fighter Ground Control Jam Fighter/Ground VHF Radio Links • "Tinsel” – Microphones in the engine nacelles of a bomber broadcast noise • "Corona" – German-speaking RAF personnel, broadcast fake controller instructions • “Airborne Cigar” – Jammed VHF Nightfighter Ground Control Intercept comm – Flew in special ops Lancasters • “Jostle IV” – Jammed VHF Ground Control Intercept comm – Took up the entire bomb bay of a B-17 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-46-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-46-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-46-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-46-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide47" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-46" alt="British Jam German Night Fighter Radar • Airborne Grocer – Jam Lichtenstein Night Fighter radar • On all British bombers • Monica – Tail warning system – Oops, German Flensburg MANDREL jamming equipment The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-47-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-47-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-47-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-47-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide48" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-47" alt="Jammer Versus Radar Coverage The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-48-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-48-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-48-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-48-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide49" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-48" alt="Electronic Warfare 1944/45 chaff ELINT GCI Jamming Flak Jamming The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-49-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-49-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-49-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-49-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide50" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-49" alt="Who Ran this Secret Lab and became the Father of Electronic Warfare? • Harvard Radio Research Lab – Separate from MIT's Radiation Laboratory – Ran all electronic warfare in WWII – 800 people – 1941-1944 • Director: Fredrick Terman - Stanford The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-50-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-50-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-50-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-50-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide51" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-50" alt="Fredrick Terman “the Father of Silicon Valley” • Stanford Professor of engineering 1926 – encouraged his students, William Hewlett and David Packard to start a company • Dean of Engineering 1946 • Provost 1955 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-51-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-51-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-51-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-51-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide52" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-51" alt="Story 3: Spook Entrepreneurship The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-52-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-52-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-52-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-52-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide53" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-52" alt="WWII Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) • $450 million spent on weapons R&D – MIT $117 million – Caltech $83 million – Harvard and Columbia ~ $30 million • Stanford ~ $50K The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-53-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-53-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-53-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-53-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide54" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-53" alt="Terman’s Postwar Strategy • Focus on microwaves and electronics – Not going to be left out of gov’t $’s this time • Recruits 11 former members of RRL as faculty • Set up the Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL) – “Basic” and Unclassified Research • First Office of Naval Research (ONR) contract 1946 • By 1950 Stanford was the MIT of the West The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-54-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-54-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-54-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-54-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide55" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-54" alt="Problem: Jammers Need: More Power and Frequency Agility • More Power – WWII: low power jammers X 100’s of planes – Now each bomber needed to protect itself • Frequency Agility – WWII radars xmitted on a single frequency – Jammers needed to be manual tuned – Soviet radars used multiple frequencies The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-55-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-55-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-55-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-55-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide56" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-55" alt="Solution: Electronically Tunable Microwave Power Tubes • Magnetron - limited scale, ﬁxed/unstable freq • Klystron - scale to extremely high power – Drawback: narrow frequency range • Backward wave oscillator (BWO)/Carcinotron – Electronically tunable – Can sweep 1000/mhz per second – High Power ~1,000 watts The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-56-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-56-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-56-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-56-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide57" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-56" alt="Problem: ELINT Receivers Need: Higher Bandwidth & Frequency Agility • High Bandwidth – Need to cover 300mhz to 40ghz w/one receiver • Frequency Agility – Soviet radars used multiple frequencies – Manual tuning would miss signals – Needed high probability of intercept single pulses The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-57-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-57-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-57-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-57-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide58" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-57" alt="Solution: Electronically Tunable Wideband Amplifiers • Traveling Wave Tubes – High gain >40db, – low noise, – high bandwidth >1 octave – 300mhz - 50ghz – Tune at 1000mhz/sec The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-58-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-58-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-58-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-58-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide59" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-58" alt="Microwave Valley - Components Klystrons, Carcinotrons, & Traveling Wave Tubes • Eitel-McCullough (1934) • Varian Associates (1948) • Litton Industries (1946) • Huggins Laboratories (1948) • Stewart Engineering (1952) • Watkins-Johnson (1957) • Microwave Electronics Co. (1959) The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-59-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-59-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-59-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-59-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide60" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-59" alt="Korean War Changes the Game Spook Work Comes to Stanford • Applied Electronics Laboratory (AEL) – “Applied” and Classified Military programs – Doubles the size of the electronics program – Separate from the unclassified Electronics Research Laboratory – Made the university, for the first time, a full partner in the military-industrial complex The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-60-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-60-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-60-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-60-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide61" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-60" alt="The Cold War and the Black Valley • The Cold War battlefield moves 500 miles east • Fear of a “nuclear Pearl Harbor” • Countermeasures, Elint and Sigint, become critical • Stanford becomes a center of excellence for the NSA, CIA, Navy, Air Force The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-61-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-61-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-61-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-61-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide62" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-61" alt="The Cold War is an Electronic War • Russian air defense modeled after Germans – add surface to air missiles, fighter radar, IFF – Understand and defeat (ELINT) • Soviet strategic missile and bomber threat – Monitor telemetry (SIGINT) to understand performance – Photo reconnaissance to find silo’s and bombers • Soviet Naval threat – Monitor and track soviet submarines • Soviet Nuclear threat – Identify and understand production facilities The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-62-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-62-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-62-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-62-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide63" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-62" alt="Stanford Technical Advisory Meetings • Air Force, Navy, Army, CIA and NSA • Sylvania, and other contractors • Review of projects and new concepts The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-63-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-63-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-63-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-63-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide64" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-63" alt="Stanford Joins the “Black” World • Electronics Research Laboratory – “Basic” and Unclassified Research • Applied Electronics Laboratory (AEL) – “Applied” and Classified Military programs • Merge and become the Systems Engineering Lab (SEL) in 1955 – Same year Terman becomes Provost The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-64-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-64-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-64-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-64-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide65" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-64" alt="Stanford Systems Engineering Lab • Immediate, practical application of real world intelligence problems for CIA, NSA, NRO, Air Force • Combined ERL components with advanced theory into complete ELINT and Jamming systems – Usually prototypes turned over to contractors – At times, built one-off systems – Digital filtering, OTH, etc. • Use PhD students and staff – classified thesis! • Ultimately 800 person lab The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-65-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-65-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-65-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-65-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide66" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-65" alt="Problem: Understand the Soviet Radar Order of Battle • Where are the Soviet radars? – Consumers; SAC, CIA. • Details of the radars – NSA/CIA to contractors • Periphery of Soviet Union known • Interior terra incognito The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-66-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-66-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-66-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-66-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide67" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-66" alt="The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-67-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-67-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-67-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-67-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide68" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-67" alt="Solution: A Fleet of ELINT Planes • Joint NSA/CIA/Air Force/Navy • Flew periphery of Soviet bloc 24/7 – PB4Y2, P2V, C-97, RB-47, EC-121, C-130, EA-3B, RC-135 • Measured Soviet Air Defense – Revealed low-altitude coverage was good • Continuous Comint The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-68-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-68-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-68-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-68-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide69" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-68" alt="ELINT – The Line of Sight Problem You got to get close! You got to get them turned on!! The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-69-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-69-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-69-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-69-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide70" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-69" alt="The Cost: 23 ELINT Planes Date Victim Service Aircraft Pilot Weapon 8Apr50 PB4Y - 2 USN La-11 B.Do k i n 23/37mm 24Apr50 F-82 USA F MiG-15 Keleinikov 23/37mm Apr50 F-51D USA F MiG-15 N.Guzhov 23/37mm May50 F-51D USA F La-11 Yefremov 20mm 11May50 B-24 USA F MiG-15 I.Shinkarenko 23/37mm 26Dec50 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 S.Bhakae v 23/37mm 6Nov51 P2V - 2 USN MiG-15 M.Schukin 23/37mm 13Jun52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 O.Fedot o v 23/37mm 7Oct52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Zheryakov 23/37mm 7Oct52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Lesnov 23/37mm 29Jul53 RB-50 USA F MiG-15 A.Ryba k o v 23/37mm 4Sep54 P2V - 5 USN MiG-15 ? 23/37mm 7Nov54 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Kosti n 23/37mm 17Apr55 RB-47H USA F MiG-15 Korot k o v 23/37mm 22Jun55 P2V - 5 USN MiG-15 ? 23/37mm 10Sep5 6 RB-50 USA F MiG-15 ? 23/37mm 27Jun58 C-118 USA F MiG-17 P Sevetlichnikov 23/37mm 2Sep58 C-130A USA F MiG-17 H.Gavrilo v 23/37mm 1Jul60 RB-47 USA F MiG-17 F V.Polyakov 23/37mm 1963 RB-47 USA F MiG-19 S ? 30mm 1963 T-39 USA F MiG-19 S ? 30mm 10Mar64 RB-66C USA F MiG-21 F - 1 3 Zinowlj e v 30mm 14Dec65 RB-57F USA F MiG-17 F ? 23/37mm The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-70-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-70-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-70-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-70-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide71" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-70" alt="Elint - Is There a Better Way? The U-2 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-71-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-71-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-71-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-71-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide72" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-71" alt="Stanford/Military/Industry Ecosystem • Stanford did basic research in electronics • Stanford and SRI do applied research • Microwave and systems companies in Silicon Valley produce equipment for the military The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-72-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-72-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-72-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-72-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide73" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-72" alt="Example: U-2 as an Sigint Platform (1956) Courtesy of Stanford and Silicon Valley • System IV – 150 - 40,000 MHz – Stanford Electronics Laboratories – Ramo Woolridge • E/F Band ELINT recorder (1956) • A Band ELINT recorder (1959) • E/F Band Jammer (1959) – Granger Associates • Watkins Johnson – QRC -192 Elint receiver – 50 -14,000 MHz • Communications receiver – 100-150 MHz/3 channel tape recorder The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-73-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-73-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-73-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-73-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide74" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-73" alt="Example: A-12 ELINT/EWS Suite (1965) • System VI ELINT analog recorder – 50 - 8,000 MHz -45 dbm – TRW • Bluedog SA-2 L-band guidance jammer – Sylvania • Pinpeg SA-2 warning receiver – 2.8-3.2 & 4.8 -5.2 ghz -40 dbm • Big Blast SA-2 Noise Jammer • Mad Moth SA-2 Jammer The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-74-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-74-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-74-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-74-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide75" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-74" alt="Microwave Valley - Systems Some Stanford Alum’s • Sylvania Electronics Defense Laboratory (1953) – Countermeasures, search receivers, converters – Hired faculty as consultants, including Terman • GE Microwave Laboratory (1956) • Granger Associates (1956) Bill Granger • Applied Technology (1959) Bill Granger • Electronic Systems Laboratories (ESL) (1964) – William Perry + 6 other’s from Sylvania EDL • Argo Systems (1969) James de Broekert • Advent Systems (1972) James de Broekert The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-75-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-75-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-75-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-75-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide76" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-75" alt="Terman Changes the Startup/University Rules Silicon Valley as We Know it Starts Here • Graduate students encouraged to start companies • Professors encouraged to consult for companies • Terman and other professors take board seats • Technology transfer/IP licensing easy • Getting out in the real world was good for your academic career The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-76-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-76-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-76-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-76-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide77" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-76" alt="Terman and the Cold War Silicon Valley’s 1st Engine of Entrepreneurship Military Entrepreneurs Finance Motivation Crisis Profit Culture Cooperative Entrepreneurial Outward-Facing Risk Capital Tech Universities Free flow of People/Information Infrastructure Predictable Stable Technical 24/7 Utilities Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-77-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-77-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-77-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-77-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide78" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-77" alt="Story 4: Spook Innovation The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-78-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-78-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-78-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-78-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide79" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-78" alt="Project: Melody ~1960 • First noticed in Project Genetrix – Soviet P-20 Token radar bounced off our high altitude spy balloons – Was received by our radars – Hmm… • Bistatic intercept receiver Irony Alert: In WWII Germans used their Klein-Heidelberg Bistatic radar using the British “Chain Home” radar to track allied bombers The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-79-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-79-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-79-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-79-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide80" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-79" alt="Project: Melody ~1960 • Pick up Soviet radars bounced off their own ICBM’s during test flights – Used CIA “Tacksman” intercept sites in Beshahr/Kabkan Iran – Use the missiles’ telemetry beacon to steer our radars • Produced intercepts of all ground-based Soviet missile tracking radars – Including all ABM radars – At a 1000 mile range • Later used ionized cloud of Soviets nuclear tests The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-80-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-80-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-80-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-80-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide81" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-80" alt="OXCART / A-12 U-2 Successor The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-81-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-81-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-81-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-81-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide82" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-81" alt="CIA: Directorate of Science & Technology • Concerned about OXCART* vulnerability – First aircraft designed for Stealth (tail was plastic) – High speed (Mach 3.3), high altitude (90K feet) • Facing evolved Soviet air defense system • ELINT Staff Office (ESO) asked: – What’s the radar environment like inside the Soviet Union? * A-12/OXCART was the CIA version of the plane which was kept secret (15 built). SR-71 was the 2 seat Air Force reconnaissance version which was made public (31 built.) The YF-12 was an Air Force fighter interceptor (3 built.) The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-82-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-82-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-82-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-82-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide83" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-82" alt="Problem: Find “Tall King” • Primary Soviet Air Defense Radar – Long Range, 375 miles • 150mhz, PRF 100/200hz, 800Kw – 100’ wide, 30’ high • Where were they located? • How many are there? – B52 bombers needed to know – OXCART needed to know The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-83-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-83-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-83-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-83-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide84" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-83" alt="Solution: Project “Flower Garden” Shoot the Moon • Point dishes at the moon • Use the moon as a bistatic reflector • Listen for TALL KING signals – As earth and moon revolved and rotated all TALL KING’s came into view, one at a time – Plot their precise location The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-84-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-84-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-84-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-84-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide85" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-84" alt="HENHOUSE Radar • Soviet HENHOUSE phased-array radar – 850’ long, 25MW – Missile Warning/ABM system – Space surveillance • Identified via satellite photos and ELINT • But what were its capabilities? The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-85-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-85-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-85-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-85-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide86" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-85" alt="Radio Dishes Get Funded • Attach ELINT receivers to Bell Labs 60’ antenna in New Jersey – Use Stanford“matched filter” techniques • Use antennas at Sugar Grove, Chesapeake Bay, Aricebo, Jordell Bank • Pay for and build Stanford “Dish” – Hide relationships via “cover agencies” – Air Force Cambridge Research Center and Ofﬁce of Naval Research – Discovers “Hen House” radar The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-86-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-86-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-86-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-86-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide87" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-86" alt="PPMS: Power & Pattern Measurement Systems ~1962 • Now we know where Tall King & Spoon Rest radars are but • Now we need to know: – Spatial Coverage – Radiated Power – RF Coherence – Polarization • For Jamming and Stealth The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-87-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-87-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-87-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-87-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide88" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-87" alt="Project: Palladium • Ok, now we know spatial coverage, etc. we need to know: – Sensitivity of Soviet radar receivers – How good were their operators • Hence, Project Palladium • Build a system that electronically generated and injected false targets into Soviet radars – They saw ghost aircraft – We could simulate any aircraft, any speed – Trick was to know what they were seeing The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-88-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-88-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-88-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-88-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide89" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-88" alt="Project: PALLADIUM • Teamed with NSA and used SIGINT intercepts – Listened to their communication channels and could decrypt them in real time – Watch when they turned on their SA-2 target tracking radar • We used ground bases, naval ships, submarines The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-89-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-89-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-89-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-89-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide90" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-89" alt="Project Echo 1960 ELINT Balloons in Space • 100’ aluminized mylar balloon • Cover was “radio relay” tests • Originally to be launched from Vandenberg • Launched in Aug 1960 • By this time something else was in space The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-90-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-90-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-90-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-90-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide91" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-90" alt="Story 5: 1956 - The Year It All Changes The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-91-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-91-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-91-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-91-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide92" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-91" alt="Lockheed Comes to Town • Polaris missile SLBM • Built in by Lockheed Missiles Division in Sunnyvale – Westinghouse Electric launch tube subcontractor • 20,000 employees by 1960 – From 0 in 4 years – HP: 3,000 employees 1960 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-92-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-92-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-92-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-92-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide93" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-92" alt="Lockheed and WS-117L NRO - Move Reconnaissance to Space CORONA SAMOS/SENTRY Program P-11/ 989 SAMOS F-1/2/3 Imaging MIDAS - Program 461 VELA ELINT/SIGINT IR - Launch Detection Nuclear Detection Program A: Air Force - imaging and sigint Program B: CIA - Imaging electroopitcal and sigint Program C: Navy signit Program D: U-2, A-12/Oxcart, D-21/Tagboard The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-93-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-93-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-93-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-93-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide94" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-93" alt="Lockheed - Agena Space Bus for Spy Satellites • First restartable second stage – Boost and maneuvering – 3-axis stabilized • Used on Thor, Atlas and Titan • Controlled all 1960’s spy satellites • 365 built on an assembly line in secret in Sunnyvale The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-94-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-94-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-94-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-94-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide95" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-94" alt="Stanford AEL/STL and Rambo • William Rambo – Designed “Carpet” Jammer at RRL – Went to AIL after WWII, Stanford - 1951 – Headed AEL then STL - 1958 – NSA/CIA consultant • Stanford STL leads the space ELINT effort – Works with Lockheed on ferret subsatellites The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-95-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-95-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-95-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-95-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide96" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-95" alt="STL/Lockheed and de Broekert • James de Broekert of Stanford STL • STL & Lockheed built P-11 Ferret sub-satellites carried on Corona photo satellites – 7 launched between Mar 1963-Oct 1964 • 1962: Samos F-2/3 Elint satellites – redesignated as Program 102 • Founded Argo, Signal Science, Advent Systems The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-96-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-96-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-96-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-96-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide97" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-96" alt="Project West Ford 1963 A Ring of Chaff in Space • 400 million copper dipoles • 3/4’s of an inch long • 2000 mile altitude, 5 miles wide, 25 miles thick • Cover was “radio relay” tests • Launched as part of MIDAS The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-97-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-97-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-97-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-97-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide98" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-97" alt="Project Grab 1960-1962 ELINT in Space • No more overflights or balloons • Collect radar emissions from Soviet air defense radars • Record, Store and Dump • Built by the Naval Research Laboratory • Used by SAC for EOB then given to the NRO The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-98-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-98-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-98-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-98-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide99" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-98" alt="Project POPPY 1962-1971 Navy ELINT in Space • Ships can no longer hide • Collect radar emissions from Soviet naval vessels • Clusters of satellites • Triangulate and direction find The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-99-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-99-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-99-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-99-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide100" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-99" alt="Villard and Over the Horizon Radar • Meteor trails – burst comm and ELINT receiver • Nuclear tests • OTH - Over The Horizon Radar – Monitor missile launches EARTHLING in Pakistan in 1961 CHECKROTE in Taiwan in 1966 – Aircraft tracking • Stealth - 1969 at SRI The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-100-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-100-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-100-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-100-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide101" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-100" alt="The End of Classified Work at Stanford • In 1968, 35 percent of Stanford research funding in electronics was for classified work • 50% of SRI’s work was from DOD • April 9, 1969 400 students occupy AEL The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-101-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-101-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-101-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-101-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide102" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-101" alt="Story 6: 1956 Why It’s Silicon Valley The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-102-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-102-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-102-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-102-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide103" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-102" alt="Meanwhile, on the Other Side of Town… The Head of Radar Bombing training for Air Force starts a Company The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-103-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-103-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-103-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-103-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide104" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-103" alt="William Shockley “The Other Father of Silicon Valley” • Director of Navy anti-submarine warfare operations group at Columbia (1942-1943) • Head of Radar Bombing training for Air Force (1943-1945) • Deputy Director and Research Director of the Weapons System Evaluation Group in the Defense Department (1954-1955) • Co-inventor of the transistor – Nobel Prize in 1956 • Founded Shockley Semiconductor 1955 – First semiconductor company in California The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-104-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-104-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-104-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-104-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide105" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-104" alt="William Shockley “Great Researcher, Awesome Talent Spotter, Horrible Manager” • Unintended consequences: “The traitorous 8” leave Shockley – found Fairchild Semiconductor • First VC Investment (Venrock) – Noyce & Moore leave Fairchild to start Intel – 65 other chip companies in the next 20 years • Eugenics beliefs end his career 1963 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-105-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-105-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-105-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-105-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide106" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-105" alt="The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-106-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-106-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-106-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-106-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide107" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-106" alt="Semiconductor Genealogy: 1955 - 1976 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-107-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-107-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-107-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-107-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide108" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-107" alt="Shockley’s Legacy • It’s Silicon Valley The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-108-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-108-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-108-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-108-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide109" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-108" alt="Story 7: Why We All Don’t Work for the Government The Rise of Private Capital The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-109-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-109-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-109-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-109-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide110" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-109" alt="Venture Capital Silicon Valley’s 2nd Engine of Entrepreneurship Venture Entrepreneurs Finance Motivation Crisis Profit Culture Cooperative Entrepreneurial Outward-Facing Risk Capital Tech Universities Free flow of People/Information Infrastructure Predictable Stable Technical 24/7 Utilities Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-110-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-110-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-110-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-110-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide111" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-110" alt="The Valley Attracts Financial Attention The 1st West Coast IPO’s • 1956 Varian • 1957 Hewlett Packard • 1958 Ampex The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-111-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-111-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-111-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-111-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide112" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-111" alt="The Rise of Risk Capital Family Money 1940’s - 1960’s • J.H. Whitney – 1st family office 1946 • Laurance Rockefeller – Draper Gaither & Anderson (1st limited Partnership) 1958 – Spun out as Venrock in 1969 • Bessemer • East Coast focus • Wide variety of industries The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-112-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-112-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-112-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-112-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide113" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-112" alt="The Rise of Risk Capital East Coast VC Experiments • 1946 American Research & Development – George Doriot – Right idea, wrong model (public VC firm) • 1963 Boston Capital The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-113-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-113-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-113-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-113-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide114" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-113" alt="The Rise of Risk Capital “The Group” 1950’s • First Bay Area “Angels” – Reid Dennis – William Bryan – William Edwards – William K. Bowes – Daniel McGanney ~ 10 deals $75 -$300K The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-114-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-114-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-114-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-114-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide115" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-114" alt="Reid Dennis Remembers • “The first 25 electronics companies required total capital of $300k each and private individuals formed the basis of the early syndicates” • “….in 1975, prior to the relaxation of ERISA laws, the entire VC industry raised $10m” The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-115-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-115-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-115-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-115-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide116" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-115" alt="Soviet Union Launches Sputnik and the U.S. Venture Capital Industry • Soviet satellite shocked the U.S. • Galvanized congress • New agencies/programs – NASA – ARPA – National Defense Education Act – SBA SBIC Act The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-116-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-116-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-116-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-116-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide117" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-116" alt="The Rise of Risk Capital SBIC Act of 1958 • Gov’t match of private investments 3:1 • 700 SBIC funds by 1965 – 75% of all VC funding in 1968, 7% in 1988 • Corporate – Bank of America - George Quist, Tom Clauson – Firemans Fund/American Express - Reid Dennis • Private – 1959 Continental Capital - Frank Chambers – The Group; Bryan Edwards, McGanney – 1962 Pitch Johnson & Bill Draper – 1962 Sutter Hill The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-117-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-117-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-117-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-117-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide118" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-117" alt="Defense R&D Budget Defense R&D $ Billions Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-118-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-118-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-118-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-118-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide119" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-118" alt="Defense R&D Budget California Defense R&D California $ Billions Defense R&D Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-119-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-119-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-119-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-119-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide120" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-119" alt="Defense R&D Budget Silicon Valley Defense R&D $ Billions California Defense R&D Silicon Valley Defense R&D Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-120-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-120-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-120-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-120-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide121" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-120" alt="Defense R&D Budget Versus Venture Capital Defense R&D $ Billions California Defense R&D Silicon Valley Defense R&D Silicon Valley Venture Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-121-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-121-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-121-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-121-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide122" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-121" alt="Defense R&D Budget Versus Venture Capital Defense R&D $ Billions California Defense R&D Silicon Valley Defense R&D Silicon Valley Venture Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-122-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-122-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-122-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-122-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide123" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-122" alt="The Rise of Risk Capital The Limited Partnership • DGA (Draper Gaither & Anderson) 1958 • Rock and Davis 1961 • Sutter Hill 1964 • TA Associates 1968 • Mayfield Fund 1969 • Patricof & Co. 1969 • Kleiner Perkins 1972 • Capital Mgmt Services (Sequoia) 1972 The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-123-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-123-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-123-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-123-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide124" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-123" alt="The Rise of Risk Capital 1978/1979 - A Watershed • Capital gains slashed (1978) – 49.5% to 28% • Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1979) – Pension funds can invest The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-124-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-124-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-124-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-124-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide125" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-124" alt="Venture Capital Silicon Valley’s 2nd Engine of Entrepreneurship Venture Entrepreneurs Finance Motivation Crisis Profit Culture Cooperative Entrepreneurial Outward-Facing Risk Capital Tech Universities Free flow of People/Information Infrastructure Predictable Stable Technical 24/7 Utilities Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-125-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-125-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-125-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-125-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide126" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-125" alt="Summary • Terman/Stanford/Government responsible for entrepreneurial culture of Silicon Valley • Military primed the pump as a customer for key technologies – Semiconductors, computers, Internet – But very little technical cross pollination • Venture Capital turned the valley to volume corporate and consumer applications Is there another “crisis” that will restart the valley’s cycle of innovation? Or will we continue to be profit driven? The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-126-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-126-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-126-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-126-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide127" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-126" alt="This Presentation is On-line Watch This Talk Online http://bit.ly/SecretVideo Read the Backstory http://bit.ly/SecretStories Read the Blog www.steveblank.com " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-127-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-127-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-127-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-127-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide128" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-127" alt="WWII Sources - Books • WWII – A Radar History of WWII - Louis Brown – Confound and Destroy - Martin Streetly – Echoes of War, the Story of H2S Radar - Sir Bernard Lovell – The Invention that Changed the World - Robert Buderi – Wizard War, British Scientific Intelligence - R.V. Jones – History of Air Intercept Radar and British Nightfighter - Ian White – The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich - Donald Caldwell – Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare - Alfred Price – Volume I: The History of US. Electronic Warfare to 1946 - Alfred Price The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-128-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-128-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-128-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-128-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide129" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-128" alt="Cold War Sources - Books • Cold War – Volume II: The History of US. Electronic Warfare: Renaissance Years- Alfred Price – The Wizards of Langley - Jeffrey T. Richelson – Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency - James Bamford – The Puzzle Palace: Inside the NSA, - James Bamford – Secrets of Signals Intelligence During the Cold War and Beyond - Matthew M. Aid, Cees Wiebes – Eternal Vigilance? - Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Christopher M. Andrew – High-Cold-War-Strategic Air Reconnaissance and the Electronic Intelligence War - Robert Jackson – By Any Means Necessary: America's Secret Air War in the Cold War - William E. Burrows – Shadow Flights: America's Secret Airwar Against the Soviet Union: A Cold War History - C. Peebles – Spyplane - Norman Polmar – Radar Handbook, - Merrill I. Skolnik – Out From Behind the Eight Ball: A History of Project Echo by Doanld C. Elder The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-129-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-129-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-129-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-129-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide130" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-129" alt="Silicon Valley Sources - Books • Terman/Shockley/Intel – Fred Terman at Stanford - Stewart Gilmore – Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley- Joel Shurkin – The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce - Leslie Berlin • Silicon Valley History – Electronics in the West: the First Fifty Years - Jane Morgan – The Origins of the Electronics Industry on the Pacific Coast- Arthur Norberg – Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford - Rebecca S. Lowen – The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford - Stuart W. Leslie – Making Silicon Valley: Innovation & the Growth of High Tech - C. Lecuyer – Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 - Annalee Saxenian • Venture Capital – Creative Capital: Georges Doriot and the Birth of Venture Capital - Spencer E. Ante • Semiconductor Timeline to 1976: Semi and Don C. Hoefler The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-130-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-130-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-130-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-130-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide131" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-130" alt="ELINT Sources - Web • Engineering/ELINT in the CIA/NSA – http://www.tbp.org/pages/Publications/Bent/Features/F99Poteat.pdf – http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/ • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/st06.pdf • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/st08.pdf • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB60/abm022.pdf – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent- csi/pdf/v11i2a05p.pdf – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent- csi/pdf/v12i2a02p.pdf – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi- publications/books-and-monographs/a-12/hiding-oxcart-in-plain-sight.html – http://jya.com/nsa-elint.htm – http://fas.org/irp/program/list.htm • ELINT Aircraft Losses – http://www.rb-29.net/HTML/77ColdWarStory/08.01apndxC.htm – http://www.history.navy.mil/avh-1910/APP34.PDF The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-131-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-131-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-131-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-131-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide132" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-131" alt="Photo and Movie Sources - Web • B-24 Ferret ELINT equipment photos – http://aafradio.org/ • WWII Radar History/Photos/Radar Order of Battle – www.gyges.dk – http://www.luftarchiv.de/ – http://www.vectorsite.net/ttwiz.html The Wizard War – http://www.museumwaalsdorp.nl/en/german_radar.html – http://www.baermann.biz/pauke/index.php?catid=9&blogid=1 • Movie Clips – 12 O’Clock High – Memphis Belle – Dr. Strangelove The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-132-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-132-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-132-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-132-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide133" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:792 / 612" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-132" alt="This Presentation is On-line Watch This Talk Online http://bit.ly/SecretVideo Read the Backstory http://bit.ly/SecretStories Read the Blog www.steveblank.com The Secret History of Silicon Valley " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-133-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-133-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/75/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-133-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secrethistoryrev4compact-091206004132-phpapp01/85/Secret-History-of-Silicon-Valley-Rev-4-Dec-09-133-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div></div></div><div id="sidebar" class="sidebar hide-scrollbar Sidebar_root__1BbNu" style="--slots:45"><div class="above-recs-ad-wrapper AboveRecsAd_root__iTmTR"><div class="AboveRecsAd_desktopAd__ymykj"><div class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:300 / 260" data-testid="freestar-ad-container"><div><div class="" id="above-recs-desktop-ad-sm"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rail-recs RailRecommendations_root__zqtZQ"><h2 class="RailRecommendations_title__kt1D2">Recommended</h2><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-0" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rgql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rgql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rgql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-stanford-e-week-feb-21-2010/3349757"><span class="sr-only">Secret History Stanford E Week Feb 21 2010</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:0" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Secret History Stanford E Week Feb 21 2010" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/stanforde-weekfeb212010-100306043354-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Secret History Stanford E Week Feb 21 2010" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/stanforde-weekfeb212010-100306043354-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Secret History Stanford E Week Feb 21 2010</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Secret History Stanford E Week Feb 21 2010 for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mgql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mgql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mgql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mgql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mgql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document summarizes the secret history of Silicon Valley and its origins in technology developed during World War 2 and the Cold War. It describes how Stanford University became a center for military research in electronics and how this led to the growth of technology companies in the area. Radar and electronic warfare technologies developed for intelligence and military purposes helped drive innovation and entrepreneurship in the region. 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href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/electronic-warfare-threat-modeling-and-simulation-training/242271247"><span class="sr-only">Electronic Warfare Threat Modeling and Simulation Training</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:2" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Electronic Warfare Threat Modeling and Simulation Training" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfarethreatmodelingandsimulationtraining-210204180421-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Electronic Warfare Threat Modeling and Simulation Training" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfarethreatmodelingandsimulationtraining-210204180421-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div 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An electronic warfare (EW) system is any configuration of EW technology designed and built to perform military or intelligence missions on one or more air, ground, sea or space platforms. These configurations usually consist of multiple EW devices and coordinating scalable subsystems, including several subsystems that house multiple devices in a single unit. The electromagnetic spectrum includes the range of all electromagnetic radiation, including Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared Rays Ultraviolet Light Visible Light X-rays And Gamma Rays EW are often wont to control the EM spectrum to detect, analyze and track potential threats, making things aware that a rustic and its allies got to prepare defensive measures before each level, diplomatic opinions and offensive plans conflict. EW has enabled Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (JEMSO), which allows our forces to use, attack and protect the EM operational environment. Electronic attacks, protection and support are important electronic warfare functions, including: Field advantages, including land, air, sea, space, cyberspace Advantage within the EW Destroy a given EW related signal Use radio waves, infrared or lasers to confuse or disable the enemy’s electronic devices Prevent the receiver from getting stuck Support and operations to reinforce detection and mitigation. Create and generate the data needed to disrupt the EW Radar that collects enemy radio signals or senses incoming missiles Electronic Warfare Threat Modeling and Simulation Training by Tonex Electronic warfare threat modeling and simulation training provides modeling and simulation of classic and new threat environments applied to the foundation of electronic warfare (EW). 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Course Outline: What is electronic warfare Overview of EW key concepts Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) threats applied in the new EW environment Threats of modern and emerging radar systems Overview of threats to EW functions in the new environment Threats to electronic warfare capabilities EW Environment Modeling and Simulation Learn More: https://www.tonex.com/training-courses/electronic-warfare-threat-modeling-simulation-training/</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rhql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rhql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-3" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rial4f6:" popovertarget=":Rial4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rial4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/eccm-in-radar/46102072"><span class="sr-only">Eccm in radar</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:3" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Eccm in radar" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/eccminradar-150320203145-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Eccm in radar" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/eccminradar-150320203145-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW 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class="sr-only">Final ew ppt</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:4" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Final ew ppt" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/finalewppt-130927040147-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Final ew ppt" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/finalewppt-130927040147-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Final ew ppt</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Final ew ppt for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5miql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5miql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5miql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5miql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5miql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/pnkju">Pankaj Upadhyay</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document discusses electronic warfare and is divided into three main sections: electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support. Electronic attack involves jamming, deception, and destructive techniques to interfere with an enemy's use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electronic protection techniques are used to protect friendly forces from electronic attack. Electronic warfare support passively detects and analyzes emissions to gather intelligence and provide situational awareness. Specific electronic warfare systems and techniques discussed include jamming, chaff, flares, anti-radiation missiles, frequency hopping, and ELINT/COMINT collection.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Riql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Riql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-5" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rjal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rjal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rjal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/electronic-warfare-training-crash-course/96607983"><span class="sr-only">Electronic Warfare ( EW ) Training Crash Course</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:5" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Electronic Warfare ( EW ) Training Crash Course" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfare-180510103635-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Electronic Warfare ( EW ) Training Crash Course" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfare-180510103635-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Electronic Warfare ( EW ) Training Crash Course</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Electronic Warfare ( EW ) Training Crash Course for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mjal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mjal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mjal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mjal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mjal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/BryanLen1">Bryan Len</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The Electronic Warfare Training Crash Course is a 4-day training program that provides an introduction to key concepts in electronic warfare (EW) including EW principles, capabilities, functions, technology and modeling/simulation. The training is intended for technical personnel, engineers, analysts and managers involved in EW, radar and electronic systems. The course covers topics such as EW architecture, signals intelligence, radar fundamentals, electronic attack/protection capabilities and EW systems engineering. Participants will learn how EW concepts are applied to counter threats and control the electromagnetic spectrum.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rjal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rjal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-6" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rjql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rjql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rjql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f35-multirole/1387225"><span class="sr-only">F-35 Multi-Role</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:6" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="F-35 Multi-Role" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/redefiningmulti-rolev7-090505064552-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="F-35 Multi-Role" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/redefiningmulti-rolev7-090505064552-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">F-35 Multi-Role</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save F-35 Multi-Role for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mjql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mjql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mjql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mjql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mjql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/TheDEWLine">Stephen Trimble</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Lockheed Martin describes multi-role capabilities of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, especially as it applies to the maritime environment.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rjql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rjql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-7" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rkal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rkal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rkal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-why-stanford-and-not-berkeley/7060368"><span class="sr-only">Secret History: Why Stanford and Not Berkeley?</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:7" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Secret History: Why Stanford and Not Berkeley?" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/berkeley022411-110225132921-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Secret History: Why Stanford and Not Berkeley?" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/berkeley022411-110225132921-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Secret History: Why Stanford and Not Berkeley?</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Secret History: Why Stanford and Not Berkeley? for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mkal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mkal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mkal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mkal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mkal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes the secret history of how Stanford, rather than Berkeley, became the origin of Silicon Valley. It describes how Stanford focused on electronics and microwave technology during WWII and the Cold War, attracting both government funding and pioneering entrepreneurs like Frederick Terman. In contrast, Berkeley focused on theoretical physics and operating national laboratories. Venture capital in the 1950s-60s further fueled innovation and entrepreneurship in the region.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rkal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rkal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-8" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rkql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rkql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rkql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/qnap-product-training/58114294"><span class="sr-only">QNAP Product Training </span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:8" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="QNAP Product Training " src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/provantage-160210180423-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="QNAP Product Training " src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/provantage-160210180423-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">QNAP Product Training </span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save QNAP Product Training for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mkql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mkql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mkql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mkql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mkql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/HernanLopez12">Hernan Lopez</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document discusses network attached storage (NAS) devices from QNAP. It begins by introducing QNAP as the number one supplier of standalone NAS devices. It then defines a NAS as a storage system that is network accessible. The document discusses when and where NAS devices can be used, and why they are beneficial over local storage on PCs. It outlines how NAS devices can be used for multimedia storage and streaming to devices on the network. Real-world examples are provided of NAS usage in retail, business, and medical settings.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rkql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rkql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-9" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rlal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rlal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rlal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/electronic-warfarepptx/259012251"><span class="sr-only">electronic warfare.pptx</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:9" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="electronic warfare.pptx" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfare-230707160100-5539867a-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="electronic warfare.pptx" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfare-230707160100-5539867a-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">electronic warfare.pptx</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save electronic warfare.pptx for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mlal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mlal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mlal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mlal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mlal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/AnuragRPYadav">AnuragRPYadav</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document discusses electronic warfare (EW), its subdivisions, history and impact. EW involves using the electromagnetic spectrum to control it, attack enemies, or impede enemy assaults. It has three subdivisions: electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), and electronic support (ES). EA uses jamming to neutralize enemies, while EP protects against EA. ES involves detecting and locating electromagnetic sources. EW has revolutionized warfare by making most modern military operations reliant on electromagnetic systems. It has played a major role in many conflicts throughout history in expanding battlespaces and creating more transparent battlefields that enhance decision-making cycles and capabilities across all terrains. The document outlines India's developments in EW and calls for further</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rlal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rlal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-10" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rlql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rlql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rlql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/a-presentation-about-us-hypersonic-weapons-and-alternatives/256165007"><span class="sr-only">A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:10" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/58929-hypersonic-230228170214-3a18e6b1-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/58929-hypersonic-230228170214-3a18e6b1-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mlql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mlql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mlql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mlql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mlql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/cbo">Congressional Budget Office</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This presentation summarizes a Congressional Budget Office report on U.S. hypersonic weapons and alternatives. It discusses the technological challenges of developing hypersonic missiles, including managing extreme heat from high-speed atmospheric flight. Both hypersonic missiles and ballistic missiles with maneuverable warheads could penetrate adversaries' anti-access/area denial zones, but hypersonic missiles would be most useful against well-defended, time-sensitive threats. Hypersonic missiles may have shorter flight times than other weapons but would likely cost more than comparable ballistic missiles.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rlql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rlql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-11" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rmal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rmal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rmal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/awacs-history-master/40047694"><span class="sr-only">AWACS Radar History</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:11" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="AWACS Radar History" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/awacshistorymaster-141008221316-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="AWACS Radar History" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/awacshistorymaster-141008221316-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">AWACS Radar History</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save AWACS Radar History for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mmal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mmal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mmal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mmal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mmal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/wskillman">wskillman</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">A brief history of the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) Radar developed by Westinghouse. Includes information on deployments and various AWACS-like radars produced world-wide today.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rmal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rmal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-12" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rmql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rmql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rmql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/usaf-fifth-gen-fighter/15745155"><span class="sr-only">USAF Fifth Gen fighter</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:12" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="USAF Fifth Gen fighter" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/breakfast2-28-12ltgencarlisle-121223213547-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="USAF Fifth Gen fighter" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/breakfast2-28-12ltgencarlisle-121223213547-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">USAF Fifth Gen fighter</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save USAF Fifth Gen fighter for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mmql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mmql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mmql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mmql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mmql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/prayukth1">Prayukth K V</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document discusses the evolution of US fighter aircraft generations and the capabilities of 5th generation fighters. It highlights that the F-22 and F-35 each have complementary and optimized roles, with the F-22 focused on air superiority due to its speed, maneuverability and larger internal weapons capacity, and the F-35 focused on global precision attack thanks to its sensors and increased weapons payload. Maintaining a mix of both fighters is presented as critical to addressing 21st century air threats.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rmql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rmql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-13" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rnal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rnal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rnal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/aaronfromatl/convoy-defense-techniques"><span class="sr-only">Convoy defense techniques</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:13" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Convoy defense techniques" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/convoydefensetechniques-101026024441-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Convoy defense techniques" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/convoydefensetechniques-101026024441-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Convoy defense techniques</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Convoy defense techniques for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mnal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mnal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mnal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mnal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mnal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/aaronfromatl">Aaron Perkins</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document provides techniques for convoy defense against various threats such as air attacks, artillery fire, ambushes, and mines. It emphasizes the importance of training convoy personnel and planning defensive procedures. When ambushed, vehicles should push through while returning heavy suppressive fire. If the road is blocked, personnel should dismount and fire on enemy positions while awaiting assistance. Dispersion can help against air attacks but reduces fire concentration. Passive defenses like avoiding patterns and concealing vehicles are most effective against aircraft. Proper reconnaissance and avoiding suspicious areas can help prevent ambushes.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rnal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rnal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-14" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rnql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rnql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rnql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/directed-infrared-countermeasures-dircm-principles/6392218"><span class="sr-only">Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:14" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/directedinfraredcountermeasuresdircmprinciplescoursesampler-101228145730-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/directedinfraredcountermeasuresdircmprinciplescoursesampler-101228145730-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mnql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mnql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mnql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mnql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mnql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/aticourses">Jim Jenkins</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This two day course includes the history of DIRCM development and an industry survey of modern DIRCM systems to include missile warning receivers and missile defeat mechanisms. System integration, test, and evaluation concepts are discussed. An extensive library of video clips illustrates DIRCM design, integration, and test, as well as operational real world performance concepts. All participants receive a set of course notes and a DVD of all course materials.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rnql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rnql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-15" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Roal4f6:" popovertarget=":Roal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Roal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/wansteady/close-air-support-the-human-dimension-149092139"><span class="sr-only">Close Air Support - The Human Dimension</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:15" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Close Air Support - The Human Dimension" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/20190605-smi-close-air-support-fawkes-190608170742-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Close Air Support - The Human Dimension" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/20190605-smi-close-air-support-fawkes-190608170742-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Close Air Support - The Human Dimension</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Close Air Support - The Human Dimension for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5moal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5moal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5moal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5moal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5moal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/wansteady">Andy Fawkes</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes current and future training systems for close air support. It discusses lessons learned from history about the importance of centralized air asset control and communication interoperability. Both current and future training systems emphasize the use of simulation to provide realistic joint fires training in a distributed and immersive manner. The UK is developing the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer and the Defence Operational Training Capability for the Air Force to replace and improve upon existing live and synthetic training capabilities.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Roal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Roal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-16" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Roql4f6:" popovertarget=":Roql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Roql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nancy-morgan-bmd-overview/32717244"><span class="sr-only">Nancy Morgan bmd overview</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:16" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Nancy Morgan bmd overview" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nancymorgan-bmdoverview-140325105929-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Nancy Morgan bmd overview" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nancymorgan-bmdoverview-140325105929-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Nancy Morgan bmd overview</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Nancy Morgan bmd overview for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5moql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5moql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5moql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5moql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5moql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/RUSIEVENTS">Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document discusses the increasing ballistic missile threats from North Korea and Iran and outlines the United States' national priorities to strengthen homeland defense and maintain regional defense commitments. It provides details on enhancements to the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense system and the deployment of Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) systems. The document also summarizes international cooperation efforts and outlines an integrated approach to developing missile defense capabilities.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Roql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Roql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-17" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rpal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rpal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rpal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/syring-mda-briefing/32884891"><span class="sr-only">Syring MDA Briefing</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:17" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Syring MDA Briefing" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/syring-140329091805-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Syring MDA Briefing" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/syring-140329091805-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Syring MDA Briefing</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Syring MDA Briefing for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mpal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mpal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mpal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mpal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mpal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Lsquirrel">Lsquirrel</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes the current ballistic missile defense capabilities and threats. It discusses how theater ballistic missile capabilities are increasing in accuracy and range, and how North Korea is developing intercontinental ballistic missiles while Iran may be able to test an ICBM by 2015. The US ballistic missile defense system uses sensors and interceptors to defend against short, medium, and long-range missiles. Development is ongoing to improve homeland defense and respond to evolving threats.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rpal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rpal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-18" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rpql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rpql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rpql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f-35-production/3323961"><span class="sr-only">F 35 Production</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:18" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="F 35 Production" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mgendavisf-35productionprofileslide24-100303054655-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="F 35 Production" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mgendavisf-35productionprofileslide24-100303054655-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">F 35 Production</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save F 35 Production for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mpql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mpql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mpql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mpql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mpql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/andycosterton">andycosterton</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document provides information on the F-35 Lightning II strike fighter program, including its vision, mission statement, and key attributes and capabilities. It describes the three variants - Conventional Take-Off and Landing (CTOL), Carrier Variant (CV), and Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) - and notes their commonality. It outlines requirements from the US and international partners and discusses how the F-35 enables true joint and coalition operations.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rpql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rpql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-19" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rqal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rqal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rqal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/brkewn-3016-radiodeisng/10582160"><span class="sr-only">Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:19" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/brkewn-3016radiodeisng-111213164144-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/brkewn-3016radiodeisng-111213164144-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mqal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mqal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mqal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mqal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mqal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Cisco_Mobility">Cisco Mobility</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document discusses an advanced session that focuses on understanding radio frequency fundamentals and design of wireless networks, covering topics like 802.11 radio hardware, antenna basics, interpreting antenna patterns, distributed antenna systems, survey tools, and lessons learned from challenging wireless deployments in various environments. The session aims to provide a deep-dive understanding of the radio frequency aspects of wireless LAN design and deployment that are often overlooked. Certain topics related to security, density, location services, and management will not be covered in this session.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rqal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rqal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-20" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rqql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rqql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rqql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/uav-presentation-47214002/47214002"><span class="sr-only">Uav presentation</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:20" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Uav presentation" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/uavpresentation-150420155925-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Uav presentation" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/uavpresentation-150420155925-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Uav presentation</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Uav presentation for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mqql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mqql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mqql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mqql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mqql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Meshut">Meshut</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document provides an overview of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones. It discusses the brief history of UAV development, the key subsystems that make up a UAV, various applications like disaster relief, search and rescue, and armed attacks. The document also outlines some design parameters for UAVs and disadvantages like potential civilian casualties if targets cannot be accurately identified.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rqql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rqql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-21" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rral4f6:" popovertarget=":Rral4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rral4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/bvr-combat-brief/20517811"><span class="sr-only">BVR combat brief</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:21" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="BVR combat brief" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bvrcombatbrief-130504002243-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="BVR combat brief" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bvrcombatbrief-130504002243-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">BVR combat brief</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save BVR combat brief for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mral4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mral4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mral4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mral4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mral4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Picard578">Picard578</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">BVR combat was, for a long time, dream of both Western and Asian air forces. Today, it seems that the dream has been finally fulfilled; but is that really so?</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rral4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rral4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-22" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rrql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rrql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rrql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/missles-flight-control-systems/55384236"><span class="sr-only">Missles flight control systems</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:22" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Missles flight control systems" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/misslesflightcontrolsystems-151122124659-lva1-app6892-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Missles flight control systems" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/misslesflightcontrolsystems-151122124659-lva1-app6892-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Missles flight control systems</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Missles flight control systems for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mrql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mrql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mrql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mrql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mrql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/ssuser5ed25c">กมลวรรณ เกตุดำ</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Thank you for all video clips. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWZXinRwCaE (icbm) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE-q1IaPIUk (how missiles launch) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOXmVi3A_PI (satan R36) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvHlW1h_0XQ (LRASM)</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rrql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rrql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-23" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rsal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rsal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rsal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f35-stealth-and-designing-a-21st-century-fighter-from-the-ground-up/12763807"><span class="sr-only">F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:23" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35design-120501180204-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35design-120501180204-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5msal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5msal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5msal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5msal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5msal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/robbinlaird">ICSA, LLC</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Stealth must be designed into the aircraft; it can NOT be done after the fact. VLO stealth must be planned for and built in. The designers must incorporate large internal fuel tanks, internal weapon bays, and internally mounted sensors with appropriate apertures. Another hallmark of 5th generation is agility, which goes hand in hand with stealth. In the third slide, the results from Northern Edge 2011 are shown. Although the F-35 airframe has not been flown in Northern Edge some it sensors have been. The sensors performed extremely well and portend a bright future. It is understood by most that the electronic order of battle will play a key role in future conflicts. What the exercise showed was that a stealthy 5TH Gen. fighter -- the F-22 -- with its ability to be forward deployed in contested air space In addition to its precision active and passive sensors were able to ID threats; EW sites, SAMS, AAA radars for entire package much sooner. The presence of 5th Gen fighters in the force package increases overall forces mission effectiveness by enhancing survivability and lethality for entire package. It showed as well that 5th Gen fighters enhanced battle-space awareness enhanced overall mission effectiveness of entire mission package And finally, the exercise showed that 5th Gen fighters with this enhanced SA tend to function as Air Battle manager for entire package. Even when F-22 was weapon bingo it stayed in fight as battle manager! </span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rsal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rsal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-24" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rsql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rsql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rsql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/guided-missiles-25283798/25283798"><span class="sr-only">Guided missiles</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:24" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Guided missiles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/guidedmissiles-130815130115-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Guided missiles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/guidedmissiles-130815130115-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Guided missiles</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Guided missiles for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5msql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5msql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5msql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5msql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5msql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/avi152">Avinash Kharche</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">1. Guided missiles are objects that can be directed to a target through various guidance technologies. They incorporate a propulsion system to provide force, an intelligence system to guide it correctly, and control technologies. 2. Early developments included rockets used in China and India over 1000 years ago and unguided rockets used against the British in the 18th century. Modern guided missiles began with German V-1 and V-2 missiles in World War II. 3. Missiles can be guided through different methods including command guidance, homing guidance, beam rider guidance, inertial guidance, and stellar guidance. India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program from the 1980s-2008 developed strategic missiles like Agni 3 under</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rsql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rsql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-25" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rtal4f6:" popovertarget=":Rtal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rtal4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f-35-and-current-weapons/12763747"><span class="sr-only">F 35 and Current Weapons</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:25" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="F 35 and Current Weapons" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35andcurrentweapons-120501175429-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="F 35 and Current Weapons" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35andcurrentweapons-120501175429-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">F 35 and Current Weapons</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save F 35 and Current Weapons for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mtal4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mtal4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mtal4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mtal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mtal4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/robbinlaird">ICSA, LLC</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The F-35 is designed to work with most legacy weapons. And the F-35 with the internal fusion engine will allow a whole new approach to the development and use of weapons. Here the focus is upon the legacy weapons. Legacy 4th generation fighters must load all of their weapons externally which directly impacts aerodynamic performance (agility) and radar cross-section (RCS). In fact, any strides made to reduce airframe RCS are lost. 5th generation have the option of loading stores internally. Legacy 4th gen fighters must carry external fuel tanks in order to overcome the drag penalty of the external ordinance. The F-35 does not need external fuel tanks for two reasons: 1) the airframe was specifically designed to carry significant amounts of internal fuel and, 2) there is no aerodynamic drag from internal ordinance. A 4th gen fighter is unable to safely penetrate denied airspace. This is airspace for which the threats are able to dominate entirely against the 4th generation. 5th gen fighters are able to penetrate denied airspace. The internal ordinance of an F-35 is approximately that of an F-16 loaded “wall to wall.” Because the weapons are internal, the F-35 has a much longer combat range fully loaded or significantly longer loiter time in the area of interest. In the permissive environment, the F-35 holds another advantage over the F-16: payload. The F-35 has 11 hard points and can carry about three times the stores load. External weapons on an F-35 impact aerodynamic performance such that our range is about the same as an F-16. The picture in slide 4shows an F-35A model with a full compliment of internal stores. This loadout, which is all internal, is about 5000lbs. Internal carriage means ZERO impact on radar cross section and ZERO aerodynamic drag. An F-16, fully loaded, with external stores carries just over 5000lbs and because the load is external the radar cross sections is severely impacted as well as having a significant hit to aerodynamic performance. The weapons within the blue cone can be carried internally. The weapons with orange color font will be certified for carry in the SDD phase of the program. Block 2 weapons carriage and release will be conducted this year. By the end of block 2, AIM-120 and JDAM will be certified. On day 1, when stealth is of primary importance, the F-35s will probably be loaded internally. When stealth is less important, there are 11 hard points on the airplane, which allow about 18,000lbs of ordinance to be carried.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rtal4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rtal4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-26" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rtql4f6:" popovertarget=":Rtql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rtql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-halifax-explosion-111926786/111926786"><span class="sr-only">"The halifax explosion"</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:26" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt=""The halifax explosion"" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thehalifaxexplosion-180828122916-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt=""The halifax explosion"" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thehalifaxexplosion-180828122916-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">"The halifax explosion"</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save "The halifax explosion" for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mtql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mtql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mtql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mtql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mtql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/pranavsankar4">pranavsankar4</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The Halifax Explosion was a man-made disaster that occurred in Halifax, Canada on December 6th, 1917. Two cargo ships, the Mont Blanc which was carrying explosives and the Imo collided in the harbor, causing a massive explosion. The explosion killed almost 2,000 people and injured over 9,000 others. It destroyed buildings for over a 2 km radius and was one of the largest man-made explosions prior to the development of nuclear weapons. Relief efforts from nearby Boston helped support recovery and rebuilding efforts in Halifax in the aftermath of the devastating disaster.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rtql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rtql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-27" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rual4f6:" popovertarget=":Rual4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rual4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/army-in-multi-domain-operations-2028/250331050"><span class="sr-only">Army in multi domain operations 2028</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:27" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Army in multi domain operations 2028" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/armyinmulti-domainoperations2028-210929115137-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Army in multi domain operations 2028" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/armyinmulti-domainoperations2028-210929115137-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Army in multi domain operations 2028</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Army in multi domain operations 2028 for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mual4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mual4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mual4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mual4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mual4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/NeilMcDonnell2">Neil McDonnell</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Neil McDonnell and the GovCon Chamber of Commerce make the Army's Futures Command concept documents available to federal government contractors as they do their "homework" to support the Department of Defense.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rual4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rual4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-28" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Ruql4f6:" popovertarget=":Ruql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Ruql4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" 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SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work)</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work) for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5muql4f6:" popovertarget=":R5muql4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5muql4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5muql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5muql4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Here's the checklist for a startup wanting to get started with Customer Development part of the Lean Startup</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Ruql4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Ruql4f6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="recommended-card-description-29" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rval4f6:" popovertarget=":Rval4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rval4f6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/customer-development-past-present-future-steve-blank-111909/2542752"><span class="sr-only">Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:29" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/customerdevelopmentpastpresentfuturesteveblank111909-091120013201-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/customerdevelopmentpastpresentfuturesteveblank111909-091120013201-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909 for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5mval4f6:" popovertarget=":R5mval4f6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5mval4f6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R5mval4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5mval4f6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">- Steve Blank Presentation - Nov 09 San Francisco Lean Startup Circle - Customer Development Past Present Future</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rval4f6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rval4f6"></div></div></div></div><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div 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style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:0" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="QNAP Product Training " src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/provantage-160210180423-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="QNAP Product Training " src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/provantage-160210180423-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">QNAP Product Training </span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save QNAP Product Training for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r8b4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2r8b4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r8b4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r8b4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r8b4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/HernanLopez12">Hernan Lopez</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document discusses network attached storage (NAS) devices from QNAP. It begins by introducing QNAP as the number one supplier of standalone NAS devices. It then defines a NAS as a storage system that is network accessible. The document discusses when and where NAS devices can be used, and why they are beneficial over local storage on PCs. It outlines how NAS devices can be used for multimedia storage and streaming to devices on the network. Real-world examples are provided of NAS usage in retail, business, and medical settings.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R8b4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R8b4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-1" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R8j4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R8j4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R8j4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/electronic-warfarepptx/259012251"><span class="sr-only">electronic warfare.pptx</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:1" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="electronic warfare.pptx" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfare-230707160100-5539867a-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="electronic warfare.pptx" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/electronicwarfare-230707160100-5539867a-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">electronic warfare.pptx</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save electronic warfare.pptx for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r8j4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2r8j4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r8j4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r8j4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r8j4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/AnuragRPYadav">AnuragRPYadav</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document discusses electronic warfare (EW), its subdivisions, history and impact. EW involves using the electromagnetic spectrum to control it, attack enemies, or impede enemy assaults. It has three subdivisions: electronic attack (EA), electronic protection (EP), and electronic support (ES). EA uses jamming to neutralize enemies, while EP protects against EA. ES involves detecting and locating electromagnetic sources. EW has revolutionized warfare by making most modern military operations reliant on electromagnetic systems. It has played a major role in many conflicts throughout history in expanding battlespaces and creating more transparent battlefields that enhance decision-making cycles and capabilities across all terrains. The document outlines India's developments in EW and calls for further</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R8j4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R8j4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-2" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R8r4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R8r4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R8r4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/a-presentation-about-us-hypersonic-weapons-and-alternatives/256165007"><span class="sr-only">A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:2" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/58929-hypersonic-230228170214-3a18e6b1-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/58929-hypersonic-230228170214-3a18e6b1-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save A Presentation About U.S. Hypersonic Weapons and Alternatives for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r8r4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2r8r4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r8r4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r8r4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r8r4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/cbo">Congressional Budget Office</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This presentation summarizes a Congressional Budget Office report on U.S. hypersonic weapons and alternatives. It discusses the technological challenges of developing hypersonic missiles, including managing extreme heat from high-speed atmospheric flight. Both hypersonic missiles and ballistic missiles with maneuverable warheads could penetrate adversaries' anti-access/area denial zones, but hypersonic missiles would be most useful against well-defended, time-sensitive threats. Hypersonic missiles may have shorter flight times than other weapons but would likely cost more than comparable ballistic missiles.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R8r4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R8r4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-3" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R934pkf6:" popovertarget=":R934pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R934pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/awacs-history-master/40047694"><span class="sr-only">AWACS Radar History</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:3" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="AWACS Radar History" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/awacshistorymaster-141008221316-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="AWACS Radar History" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/awacshistorymaster-141008221316-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">AWACS Radar History</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save AWACS Radar History for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r934pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2r934pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r934pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r934pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r934pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/wskillman">wskillman</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">A brief history of the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) Radar developed by Westinghouse. Includes information on deployments and various AWACS-like radars produced world-wide today.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R934pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R934pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-4" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R9b4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R9b4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R9b4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/usaf-fifth-gen-fighter/15745155"><span class="sr-only">USAF Fifth Gen fighter</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:4" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="USAF Fifth Gen fighter" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/breakfast2-28-12ltgencarlisle-121223213547-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="USAF Fifth Gen fighter" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/breakfast2-28-12ltgencarlisle-121223213547-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">USAF Fifth Gen fighter</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save USAF Fifth Gen fighter for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r9b4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2r9b4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r9b4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r9b4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r9b4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/prayukth1">Prayukth K V</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document discusses the evolution of US fighter aircraft generations and the capabilities of 5th generation fighters. It highlights that the F-22 and F-35 each have complementary and optimized roles, with the F-22 focused on air superiority due to its speed, maneuverability and larger internal weapons capacity, and the F-35 focused on global precision attack thanks to its sensors and increased weapons payload. Maintaining a mix of both fighters is presented as critical to addressing 21st century air threats.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R9b4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R9b4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-5" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R9j4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R9j4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R9j4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/aaronfromatl/convoy-defense-techniques"><span class="sr-only">Convoy defense techniques</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:5" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Convoy defense techniques" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/convoydefensetechniques-101026024441-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Convoy defense techniques" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/convoydefensetechniques-101026024441-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Convoy defense techniques</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Convoy defense techniques for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r9j4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2r9j4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r9j4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r9j4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r9j4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/aaronfromatl">Aaron Perkins</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document provides techniques for convoy defense against various threats such as air attacks, artillery fire, ambushes, and mines. It emphasizes the importance of training convoy personnel and planning defensive procedures. When ambushed, vehicles should push through while returning heavy suppressive fire. If the road is blocked, personnel should dismount and fire on enemy positions while awaiting assistance. Dispersion can help against air attacks but reduces fire concentration. Passive defenses like avoiding patterns and concealing vehicles are most effective against aircraft. Proper reconnaissance and avoiding suspicious areas can help prevent ambushes.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R9j4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R9j4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-6" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R9r4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R9r4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R9r4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/directed-infrared-countermeasures-dircm-principles/6392218"><span class="sr-only">Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:6" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/directedinfraredcountermeasuresdircmprinciplescoursesampler-101228145730-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/directedinfraredcountermeasuresdircmprinciplescoursesampler-101228145730-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Directed Infrared Countermeasures (DIRCM) Principles for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r9r4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2r9r4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r9r4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r9r4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r9r4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/aticourses">Jim Jenkins</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This two day course includes the history of DIRCM development and an industry survey of modern DIRCM systems to include missile warning receivers and missile defeat mechanisms. System integration, test, and evaluation concepts are discussed. An extensive library of video clips illustrates DIRCM design, integration, and test, as well as operational real world performance concepts. All participants receive a set of course notes and a DVD of all course materials.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R9r4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R9r4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-7" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Ra34pkf6:" popovertarget=":Ra34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Ra34pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/wansteady/close-air-support-the-human-dimension-149092139"><span class="sr-only">Close Air Support - The Human Dimension</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:7" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Close Air Support - The Human Dimension" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/20190605-smi-close-air-support-fawkes-190608170742-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Close Air Support - The Human Dimension" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/20190605-smi-close-air-support-fawkes-190608170742-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Close Air Support - The Human Dimension</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Close Air Support - The Human Dimension for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2ra34pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2ra34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2ra34pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2ra34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2ra34pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/wansteady">Andy Fawkes</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes current and future training systems for close air support. It discusses lessons learned from history about the importance of centralized air asset control and communication interoperability. Both current and future training systems emphasize the use of simulation to provide realistic joint fires training in a distributed and immersive manner. The UK is developing the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer and the Defence Operational Training Capability for the Air Force to replace and improve upon existing live and synthetic training capabilities.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Ra34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Ra34pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-8" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rab4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rab4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rab4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nancy-morgan-bmd-overview/32717244"><span class="sr-only">Nancy Morgan bmd overview</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:8" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Nancy Morgan bmd overview" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nancymorgan-bmdoverview-140325105929-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Nancy Morgan bmd overview" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nancymorgan-bmdoverview-140325105929-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Nancy Morgan bmd overview</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Nancy Morgan bmd overview for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rab4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rab4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rab4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rab4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rab4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/RUSIEVENTS">Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document discusses the increasing ballistic missile threats from North Korea and Iran and outlines the United States' national priorities to strengthen homeland defense and maintain regional defense commitments. It provides details on enhancements to the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense system and the deployment of Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) systems. The document also summarizes international cooperation efforts and outlines an integrated approach to developing missile defense capabilities.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rab4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rab4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-9" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Raj4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Raj4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Raj4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/syring-mda-briefing/32884891"><span class="sr-only">Syring MDA Briefing</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:9" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Syring MDA Briefing" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/syring-140329091805-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Syring MDA Briefing" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/syring-140329091805-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Syring MDA Briefing</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Syring MDA Briefing for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2raj4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2raj4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2raj4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2raj4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2raj4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Lsquirrel">Lsquirrel</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes the current ballistic missile defense capabilities and threats. It discusses how theater ballistic missile capabilities are increasing in accuracy and range, and how North Korea is developing intercontinental ballistic missiles while Iran may be able to test an ICBM by 2015. The US ballistic missile defense system uses sensors and interceptors to defend against short, medium, and long-range missiles. Development is ongoing to improve homeland defense and respond to evolving threats.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Raj4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Raj4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-10" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rar4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rar4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rar4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f-35-production/3323961"><span class="sr-only">F 35 Production</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:10" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="F 35 Production" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mgendavisf-35productionprofileslide24-100303054655-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="F 35 Production" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/mgendavisf-35productionprofileslide24-100303054655-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">F 35 Production</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save F 35 Production for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rar4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rar4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rar4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rar4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rar4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/andycosterton">andycosterton</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document provides information on the F-35 Lightning II strike fighter program, including its vision, mission statement, and key attributes and capabilities. It describes the three variants - Conventional Take-Off and Landing (CTOL), Carrier Variant (CV), and Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) - and notes their commonality. It outlines requirements from the US and international partners and discusses how the F-35 enables true joint and coalition operations.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rar4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rar4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-11" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rb34pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rb34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rb34pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/brkewn-3016-radiodeisng/10582160"><span class="sr-only">Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:11" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/brkewn-3016radiodeisng-111213164144-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/brkewn-3016radiodeisng-111213164144-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rb34pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rb34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rb34pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rb34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rb34pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Cisco_Mobility">Cisco Mobility</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document discusses an advanced session that focuses on understanding radio frequency fundamentals and design of wireless networks, covering topics like 802.11 radio hardware, antenna basics, interpreting antenna patterns, distributed antenna systems, survey tools, and lessons learned from challenging wireless deployments in various environments. The session aims to provide a deep-dive understanding of the radio frequency aspects of wireless LAN design and deployment that are often overlooked. Certain topics related to security, density, location services, and management will not be covered in this session.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rb34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rb34pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-12" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rbb4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rbb4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rbb4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/uav-presentation-47214002/47214002"><span class="sr-only">Uav presentation</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:12" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Uav presentation" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/uavpresentation-150420155925-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Uav presentation" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/uavpresentation-150420155925-conversion-gate01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Uav presentation</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Uav presentation for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rbb4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rbb4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rbb4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rbb4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rbb4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Meshut">Meshut</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This document provides an overview of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones. It discusses the brief history of UAV development, the key subsystems that make up a UAV, various applications like disaster relief, search and rescue, and armed attacks. The document also outlines some design parameters for UAVs and disadvantages like potential civilian casualties if targets cannot be accurately identified.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rbb4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rbb4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-13" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rbj4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rbj4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rbj4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/bvr-combat-brief/20517811"><span class="sr-only">BVR combat brief</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:13" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="BVR combat brief" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bvrcombatbrief-130504002243-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="BVR combat brief" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/bvrcombatbrief-130504002243-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">BVR combat brief</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save BVR combat brief for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rbj4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rbj4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rbj4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rbj4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rbj4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Picard578">Picard578</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">BVR combat was, for a long time, dream of both Western and Asian air forces. Today, it seems that the dream has been finally fulfilled; but is that really so?</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rbj4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rbj4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-14" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rbr4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rbr4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rbr4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/missles-flight-control-systems/55384236"><span class="sr-only">Missles flight control systems</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:14" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Missles flight control systems" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/misslesflightcontrolsystems-151122124659-lva1-app6892-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Missles flight control systems" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/misslesflightcontrolsystems-151122124659-lva1-app6892-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Missles flight control systems</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Missles flight control systems for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rbr4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rbr4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rbr4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rbr4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rbr4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/ssuser5ed25c">กมลวรรณ เกตุดำ</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Thank you for all video clips. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWZXinRwCaE (icbm) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE-q1IaPIUk (how missiles launch) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOXmVi3A_PI (satan R36) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvHlW1h_0XQ (LRASM)</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rbr4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rbr4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-15" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rc34pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rc34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rc34pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f35-stealth-and-designing-a-21st-century-fighter-from-the-ground-up/12763807"><span class="sr-only">F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:15" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35design-120501180204-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35design-120501180204-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rc34pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rc34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rc34pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rc34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rc34pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/robbinlaird">ICSA, LLC</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Stealth must be designed into the aircraft; it can NOT be done after the fact. VLO stealth must be planned for and built in. The designers must incorporate large internal fuel tanks, internal weapon bays, and internally mounted sensors with appropriate apertures. Another hallmark of 5th generation is agility, which goes hand in hand with stealth. In the third slide, the results from Northern Edge 2011 are shown. Although the F-35 airframe has not been flown in Northern Edge some it sensors have been. The sensors performed extremely well and portend a bright future. It is understood by most that the electronic order of battle will play a key role in future conflicts. What the exercise showed was that a stealthy 5TH Gen. fighter -- the F-22 -- with its ability to be forward deployed in contested air space In addition to its precision active and passive sensors were able to ID threats; EW sites, SAMS, AAA radars for entire package much sooner. The presence of 5th Gen fighters in the force package increases overall forces mission effectiveness by enhancing survivability and lethality for entire package. It showed as well that 5th Gen fighters enhanced battle-space awareness enhanced overall mission effectiveness of entire mission package And finally, the exercise showed that 5th Gen fighters with this enhanced SA tend to function as Air Battle manager for entire package. Even when F-22 was weapon bingo it stayed in fight as battle manager! </span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rc34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rc34pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-16" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcb4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rcb4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcb4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/guided-missiles-25283798/25283798"><span class="sr-only">Guided missiles</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:16" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Guided missiles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/guidedmissiles-130815130115-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Guided missiles" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/guidedmissiles-130815130115-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Guided missiles</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Guided missiles for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcb4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcb4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcb4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcb4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcb4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/avi152">Avinash Kharche</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">1. Guided missiles are objects that can be directed to a target through various guidance technologies. They incorporate a propulsion system to provide force, an intelligence system to guide it correctly, and control technologies. 2. Early developments included rockets used in China and India over 1000 years ago and unguided rockets used against the British in the 18th century. Modern guided missiles began with German V-1 and V-2 missiles in World War II. 3. Missiles can be guided through different methods including command guidance, homing guidance, beam rider guidance, inertial guidance, and stellar guidance. India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program from the 1980s-2008 developed strategic missiles like Agni 3 under</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rcb4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rcb4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-17" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcj4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rcj4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcj4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f-35-and-current-weapons/12763747"><span class="sr-only">F 35 and Current Weapons</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:17" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="F 35 and Current Weapons" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35andcurrentweapons-120501175429-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="F 35 and Current Weapons" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35andcurrentweapons-120501175429-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">F 35 and Current Weapons</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save F 35 and Current Weapons for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcj4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcj4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcj4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcj4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcj4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/robbinlaird">ICSA, LLC</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The F-35 is designed to work with most legacy weapons. And the F-35 with the internal fusion engine will allow a whole new approach to the development and use of weapons. Here the focus is upon the legacy weapons. Legacy 4th generation fighters must load all of their weapons externally which directly impacts aerodynamic performance (agility) and radar cross-section (RCS). In fact, any strides made to reduce airframe RCS are lost. 5th generation have the option of loading stores internally. Legacy 4th gen fighters must carry external fuel tanks in order to overcome the drag penalty of the external ordinance. The F-35 does not need external fuel tanks for two reasons: 1) the airframe was specifically designed to carry significant amounts of internal fuel and, 2) there is no aerodynamic drag from internal ordinance. A 4th gen fighter is unable to safely penetrate denied airspace. This is airspace for which the threats are able to dominate entirely against the 4th generation. 5th gen fighters are able to penetrate denied airspace. The internal ordinance of an F-35 is approximately that of an F-16 loaded “wall to wall.” Because the weapons are internal, the F-35 has a much longer combat range fully loaded or significantly longer loiter time in the area of interest. In the permissive environment, the F-35 holds another advantage over the F-16: payload. The F-35 has 11 hard points and can carry about three times the stores load. External weapons on an F-35 impact aerodynamic performance such that our range is about the same as an F-16. The picture in slide 4shows an F-35A model with a full compliment of internal stores. This loadout, which is all internal, is about 5000lbs. Internal carriage means ZERO impact on radar cross section and ZERO aerodynamic drag. An F-16, fully loaded, with external stores carries just over 5000lbs and because the load is external the radar cross sections is severely impacted as well as having a significant hit to aerodynamic performance. The weapons within the blue cone can be carried internally. The weapons with orange color font will be certified for carry in the SDD phase of the program. Block 2 weapons carriage and release will be conducted this year. By the end of block 2, AIM-120 and JDAM will be certified. On day 1, when stealth is of primary importance, the F-35s will probably be loaded internally. When stealth is less important, there are 11 hard points on the airplane, which allow about 18,000lbs of ordinance to be carried.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rcj4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rcj4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-18" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcr4pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rcr4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcr4pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-halifax-explosion-111926786/111926786"><span class="sr-only">"The halifax explosion"</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:18" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt=""The halifax explosion"" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thehalifaxexplosion-180828122916-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt=""The halifax explosion"" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thehalifaxexplosion-180828122916-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">"The halifax explosion"</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save "The halifax explosion" for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcr4pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcr4pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcr4pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcr4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcr4pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/pranavsankar4">pranavsankar4</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The Halifax Explosion was a man-made disaster that occurred in Halifax, Canada on December 6th, 1917. Two cargo ships, the Mont Blanc which was carrying explosives and the Imo collided in the harbor, causing a massive explosion. The explosion killed almost 2,000 people and injured over 9,000 others. It destroyed buildings for over a 2 km radius and was one of the largest man-made explosions prior to the development of nuclear weapons. Relief efforts from nearby Boston helped support recovery and rebuilding efforts in Halifax in the aftermath of the devastating disaster.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rcr4pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rcr4pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="whatsHot-card-description-19" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rd34pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rd34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rd34pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/army-in-multi-domain-operations-2028/250331050"><span class="sr-only">Army in multi domain operations 2028</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:19" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Army in multi domain operations 2028" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/armyinmulti-domainoperations2028-210929115137-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Army in multi domain operations 2028" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/armyinmulti-domainoperations2028-210929115137-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Army in multi domain operations 2028</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Army in multi domain operations 2028 for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rd34pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rd34pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rd34pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rd34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rd34pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/NeilMcDonnell2">Neil McDonnell</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Neil McDonnell and the GovCon Chamber of Commerce make the Army's Futures Command concept documents available to federal government contractors as they do their "homework" to support the Department of Defense.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rd34pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rd34pkf6"></div></div><div class="desktop-recs"><div class="Slider_root__c0Jo8"><div class="Slider_scroller__KHjw4"><div class="BottomRecommendationCard_root__gffTk SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/qnap-product-training/58114294"><span class="sr-only">QNAP Product Training </span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:16 / 9;--index:0" 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href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lean-startup-operating-manual-customer-development-at-work/1463041"><span class="sr-only">Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work)</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:0" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work)" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/tiecon051609-090520031923-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work)" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/tiecon051609-090520031923-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work)</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work) for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R1dkb59kf6:" popovertarget=":R1dkb59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R1dkb59kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R1dkb59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R1dkb59kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Here's the checklist for a startup wanting to get started with Customer Development part of the Lean Startup</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R4b59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R4b59kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-1" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R4j59kf6:" popovertarget=":R4j59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R4j59kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/customer-development-past-present-future-steve-blank-111909/2542752"><span class="sr-only">Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:1" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/customerdevelopmentpastpresentfuturesteveblank111909-091120013201-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/customerdevelopmentpastpresentfuturesteveblank111909-091120013201-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909 for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R1dkj59kf6:" popovertarget=":R1dkj59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R1dkj59kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R1dkj59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R1dkj59kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">- Steve Blank Presentation - Nov 09 San Francisco Lean Startup Circle - Customer Development Past Present Future</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R4j59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R4j59kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-2" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R4r59kf6:" popovertarget=":R4r59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R4r59kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-startup-owners-manual-sxsw-11954724/11954724"><span class="sr-only">The startup owners manual sxsw</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:2" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="The startup owners manual sxsw" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thestartupownersmanualsxsw-120310163912-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="The startup owners manual sxsw" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thestartupownersmanualsxsw-120310163912-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">The startup owners manual sxsw</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save The startup owners manual sxsw for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R1dkr59kf6:" popovertarget=":R1dkr59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R1dkr59kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R1dkr59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R1dkr59kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes Steve Blank's presentation on the startup path and customer development process. It provides an overview of Blank's background and books that influenced his work. It then outlines the four steps of the customer development process - customer discovery, validation, creation, and growth. The presentation concludes by discussing how Blank teaches entrepreneurs to test hypotheses about their business model in his Lean LaunchPad class over 8 weeks.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R4r59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R4r59kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-3" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5359kf6:" popovertarget=":R5359kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5359kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/10-steps-to-productmarket-fit/8599055"><span class="sr-only">10 Steps to Product/Market Fit</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:3" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="10 Steps to Product/Market Fit" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/marketfit-110714151312-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="10 Steps to Product/Market Fit" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/marketfit-110714151312-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">10 Steps to Product/Market Fit</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save 10 Steps to Product/Market Fit for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R1dl359kf6:" popovertarget=":R1dl359kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R1dl359kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R1dl359kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R1dl359kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/ashmaurya">Ash Maurya</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The 10 steps to product/market fit are: 1) Document your initial business plan or "Plan A". 2) Identify and tackle the riskiest parts of your business model first. 3) Understand that startups go through three stages - problem/solution fit, product/market fit, and scaling. Focus on validated learning through experiments and pivots before trying to optimize or scale. 4) Focus on the right key metrics like acquisition, activation, retention, revenue, and referrals that provide valuable insights before achieving product/market fit. 5) Formulate specific and testable hypotheses about what will drive customer acquisition. 6) Architect your product and processes for speed and</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R5359kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5359kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-4" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5b59kf6:" popovertarget=":R5b59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5b59kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/steve-blank-money-ball-and-evidencebased-entreprenuership/28592614"><span class="sr-only">Steve blank moneyball and evidence-based entreprenuership </span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:4" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Steve blank moneyball and evidence-based entreprenuership " src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/steveblankmoneyballforleanconf-131125032220-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Steve blank moneyball and evidence-based entreprenuership " src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/steveblankmoneyballforleanconf-131125032220-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Steve blank moneyball and evidence-based entreprenuership </span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Steve blank moneyball and evidence-based entreprenuership for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R1dlb59kf6:" popovertarget=":R1dlb59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R1dlb59kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R1dlb59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R1dlb59kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document discusses the Lean Startup methodology and the development of an Investment Readiness Level (IRL) framework analogous to NASA's Technology Readiness Level. It describes how the IRL evaluates a startup's progress based on data, moving from the initial hypothesis stage through validating the problem and solution fit, and product/market fit on both sides of the Business Model Canvas. The IRL is intended to quantify risk levels for startups based on evidence gathered through customer development and experimentation.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R5b59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5b59kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-5" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5j59kf6:" popovertarget=":R5j59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5j59kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lecture-1-business-model-customer-development/9626147"><span class="sr-only">Lecture 1: Business Model & Customer Development</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:5" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Lecture 1: Business Model & Customer Development" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/lecture1-111010030133-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Lecture 1: Business Model & Customer Development" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/lecture1-111010030133-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Lecture 1: Business Model & Customer Development</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Lecture 1: Business Model & Customer Development for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R1dlj59kf6:" popovertarget=":R1dlj59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R1dlj59kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R1dlj59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R1dlj59kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes the key concepts from the Lean LaunchPad course, including business models, customer development, and pivoting. It explains that a business model describes all parts of a company necessary to make money. It then discusses customer development as a process involving customer discovery, validation, and creation to iteratively build a business model through pivoting based on customer feedback. The goal is to identify a repeatable and scalable business model in the search for a startup idea.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R5j59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5j59kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-6" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R5r59kf6:" popovertarget=":R5r59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R5r59kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/seacurity-hacking-for-defense-2017-video-76717284/76717284"><span class="sr-only">Seacurity Hacking for Defense 2017</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:6" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Seacurity Hacking for Defense 2017" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/seacurityfinalpresentation-170607052402-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Seacurity Hacking for Defense 2017" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/seacurityfinalpresentation-170607052402-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Seacurity Hacking for Defense 2017</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Seacurity Hacking for Defense 2017 for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R1dlr59kf6:" popovertarget=":R1dlr59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R1dlr59kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R1dlr59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R1dlr59kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The team has identified a breakthrough opportunity to partner with the Maritime and Port Security Information Sharing and Analysis Organization (MPS-ISAO) to develop a port cybersecurity assessment framework. This would allow the United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) to evaluate cyber resilience at strategic US seaports through aggregated data from commercial port authorities. Key activities would include defining critical infrastructure, providing framework guidelines, and establishing a partnership between USTRANSCOM and MPS-ISAO for valuable data sharing. The framework aims to provide a standard for evaluating ports and incentivizing improved cyber readiness for both military and commercial beneficiaries.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R5r59kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R5r59kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-7" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R6359kf6:" popovertarget=":R6359kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R6359kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/xplomo-hacking-for-defense-2017/76717424"><span class="sr-only">Xplomo Hacking for Defense 2017</span></a><div 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aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">mission model, mission model canvas, customer development, Hacking for Defense, lean startup, stanford, startup, steve blank, Pete Newell, Joe Felter, minimum viable product</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R6359kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R6359kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="alsoLiked-card-description-8" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R6b59kf6:" popovertarget=":R6b59kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R6b59kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/austra-lumina-hacking-for-defense-2017/76717204"><span class="sr-only">Austra Lumina Hacking for Defense 2017</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:8" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Austra Lumina Hacking for Defense 2017" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/finaldraft-submittedversionv2-2017-06-06-170607051835-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Austra Lumina Hacking for Defense 2017" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/finaldraft-submittedversionv2-2017-06-06-170607051835-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Austra Lumina Hacking for Defense 2017</span><button 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class="seo-only">Technology Innovation and Great Power Competition,TIGPC, Gordian knot Center, DIME-FIL, department of defense, dod, intlpol 340, joe felter, ms&e296, raj shah, stanford, Steve blank, AI, ML, AI/ML, china, climate</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R9r5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R9r5pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-7" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Ra35pkf6:" popovertarget=":Ra35pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Ra35pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/altuna-engr245-2022-lessons-learned/252113422"><span class="sr-only">Altuna Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:7" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Altuna Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2022-05-25altunafinalreflections-220704025228-fbbfff3c-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Altuna Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2022-05-25altunafinalreflections-220704025228-fbbfff3c-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Altuna Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Altuna Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2ra35pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2ra35pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2ra35pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2ra35pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2ra35pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document describes a team's efforts to commercialize a new protein quantification technology called PLA-Seq. After initially thinking the technology's value propositions of lower cost, faster throughput, and lower sample volume would appeal to pharmaceutical and personalized health companies, the team conducted customer interviews and learned accuracy was more important than cost to most customers. They also found their target markets should be preclinical biotech and academia rather than personalized health or CROs. The team incorporated their business and pivoted their marketing strategy and funding plans accordingly based on learnings outside of the building.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Ra35pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Ra35pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-8" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rab5pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rab5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rab5pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/invisa-engr245-2022-lessons-learned/252113417"><span class="sr-only">Invisa Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:8" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Invisa Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/invisafinalpresenation-220704025156-caa0c0b6-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Invisa Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/invisafinalpresenation-220704025156-caa0c0b6-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Invisa Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Invisa Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rab5pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rab5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rab5pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rab5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rab5pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The document summarizes the development of Invisa Bio over 10 weeks as they pivoted between different medical applications and solutions for their self-assembling medical device technology. They initially focused on manufacturing and delivery but shifted to leveraging drug delivery mechanisms. They considered applications in cardiology, neurology, and orthopedics before focusing on brain aneurysms based on feedback from physicians. The company incorporated, raised funding, and began shadowing doctors to further develop their technology to address unmet needs in difficult to reach areas.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rab5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rab5pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-9" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Raj5pkf6:" popovertarget=":Raj5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Raj5pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nanda-engr245-2022-lessons-learned/252113416"><span class="sr-only">ānanda Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:9" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="ānanda Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nandalessonslearned-finaldraft-220704025152-21e0bfdd-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="ānanda Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/nandalessonslearned-finaldraft-220704025152-21e0bfdd-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">ānanda Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save ānanda Engr245 2022 Lessons Learned for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2raj5pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2raj5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2raj5pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2raj5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2raj5pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">(1) The document describes the journey of a team developing a saffron supplement product to address mental health issues like anxiety and depression. 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loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Team Apollo - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Team Apollo - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rbr5pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rbr5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rbr5pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rbr5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rbr5pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition,TIGPC, Gordian knot Center, DIME-FIL, department of defense, dod, intlpol 340, joe felter, ms&e296, raj shah, stanford, Steve blank, AI, ML, AI/ML, china, unmanned, autonomy, space force</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rbr5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rbr5pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-15" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rc35pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rc35pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rc35pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/team-drone-2021-technology-innovation-great-power-competition/250937790"><span class="sr-only">Team Drone - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:15" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Team Drone - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team5late1841158862916tigpcdraftpresentation2-220104014801-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Team Drone - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team5late1841158862916tigpcdraftpresentation2-220104014801-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Team Drone - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Team Drone - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rc35pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rc35pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rc35pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rc35pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rc35pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition,TIGPC, Gordian knot Center, DIME-FIL, department of defense, dod, intlpol 340, joe felter, ms&e296, raj shah, stanford, Steve blank, AI, ML, AI/ML, china, unmanned, autonomy, c3i, command and control</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rc35pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rc35pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-16" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcb5pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rcb5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcb5pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/team-short-circuit-2021-technology-innovation-great-power-competition/250937666"><span class="sr-only">Team Short Circuit - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:16" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Team Short Circuit - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team41730708820990teamshortcircuitpresentationclean-220104011943-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Team Short Circuit - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team41730708820990teamshortcircuitpresentationclean-220104011943-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Team Short Circuit - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Team Short Circuit - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcb5pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcb5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcb5pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcb5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcb5pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition,TIGPC, Gordian knot Center, DIME-FIL, department of defense, dod, intlpol 340, joe felter, ms&e296, raj shah, stanford, Steve blank, AI, ML, AI/ML, china, unmanned, autonomy, semiconductors</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rcb5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rcb5pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-17" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcj5pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rcj5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcj5pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/aurora-2021-technology-innovation-great-power-competition/250937652"><span class="sr-only">Team Aurora - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:17" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Team Aurora - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team3late1064048821797newfinalpresentationslides-220104011503-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Team Aurora - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team3late1064048821797newfinalpresentationslides-220104011503-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Team Aurora - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Team Aurora - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Competition for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcj5pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcj5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcj5pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcj5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcj5pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition,TIGPC, Gordian knot Center, DIME-FIL, department of defense, dod, intlpol 340, joe felter, ms&e296, raj shah, stanford, Steve blank, AI, ML, AI/ML, china, unmanned, autonomy, Army venture capital</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rcj5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rcj5pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-18" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcr5pkf6:" popovertarget=":Rcr5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcr5pkf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/team-conflicted-capital-team-2021-technology-innovation-great-power-competition/250937647"><span class="sr-only">Team Conflicted Capital Team - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Comp...</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:18" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Team Conflicted Capital Team - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Comp..." src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team21130conflictedcapitaltigpcfinalpresentation-220104011009-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Team Conflicted Capital Team - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Comp..." src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/team21130conflictedcapitaltigpcfinalpresentation-220104011009-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Team Conflicted Capital Team - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Comp...</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Team Conflicted Capital Team - 2021 Technology, Innovation & Great Power Comp... for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcr5pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcr5pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcr5pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcr5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcr5pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition,TIGPC, Gordian knot Center, DIME-FIL, department of defense, dod, intlpol 340, joe felter, ms&e296, raj shah, stanford, Steve blank, AI, ML, AI/ML, china, unmanned, autonomy, venture capital</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rcr5pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rcr5pkf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="moreFromUser-card-description-19" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rd35pkf6:" 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src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/lecture8tigpc2021-211121072220-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Lecture 8 - Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition - Cyber</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Lecture 8 - Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition - Cyber for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rd35pkf6:" popovertarget=":R2rd35pkf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rd35pkf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rd35pkf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rd35pkf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/sblank">Stanford University</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Technology, Innovation and Great Power Competition,TIGPC, Gordian knot Center, DIME-FIL, department of defense, dod, hacking for defense, intlpol 340, joe felter, ms&e296, raj shah, stanford, Steve blank, AI, ML, AI/ML, china, unmanned, autonomy, Michael Sulmeyer, cybercom,USCYBERCOM</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rd35pkf6:" 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popovertarget=":R9b69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R9b69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/essentials-of-a-good-pmo-presented-by-aalok-sonawala/276216438"><span class="sr-only">Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok Sonawala</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:4" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok Sonawala" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/apmbristolpresentation-250303091440-d68ebc0c-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok Sonawala" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/apmbristolpresentation-250303091440-d68ebc0c-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok Sonawala</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok Sonawala for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r9b69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2r9b69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r9b69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r9b69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r9b69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/assocpm">Association for Project Management </a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">APM event hosted by the South Wales and West of England Network (SWWE Network) Speaker: Aalok Sonawala The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome Aalok Sonawala, Head of PMO, National Programmes, Rider Levett Bucknall on 26 February, to BAWA for our first face to face event of 2025. Aalok is a member of APM’s Thames Valley Regional Network and also speaks to members of APM’s PMO Interest Network, which aims to facilitate collaboration and learning, offer unbiased advice and guidance. Tonight, Aalok planned to discuss the importance of a PMO within project-based organisations, the different types of PMO and their key elements, PMO governance and centres of excellence. PMO’s within an organisation can be centralised, hub and spoke with a central PMO with satellite PMOs globally, or embedded within projects. The appropriate structure will be determined by the specific business needs of the organisation. The PMO sits above PM delivery and the supply chain delivery teams. For further information about the event please click here.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R9b69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R9b69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-5" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R9j69kf6:" popovertarget=":R9j69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R9j69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/festival-sinulog-thingyan-lesson-4-pptx/276283648"><span class="sr-only">FESTIVAL: SINULOG & THINGYAN-LESSON 4.pptx</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:5" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="FESTIVAL: SINULOG & THINGYAN-LESSON 4.pptx" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/festival-lesson4-250305022623-b0484d36-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="FESTIVAL: SINULOG & THINGYAN-LESSON 4.pptx" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/festival-lesson4-250305022623-b0484d36-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">FESTIVAL: SINULOG & THINGYAN-LESSON 4.pptx</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save FESTIVAL: SINULOG & THINGYAN-LESSON 4.pptx for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r9j69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2r9j69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r9j69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r9j69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r9j69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/DanmarieMuli1">DanmarieMuli1</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Sinulog Festival of Cebu City, and Thingyan Festival of Myanmar.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":R9j69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-R9j69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-6" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R9r69kf6:" popovertarget=":R9r69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R9r69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/n-c-dpi-s-2023-language-diversity-briefing/276308238"><span class="sr-only">N.C. DPI's 2023 Language Diversity Briefing</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:6" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="N.C. DPI's 2023 Language Diversity Briefing" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2023languagediversitybriefing-250305153210-9802c9f8-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="N.C. DPI's 2023 Language Diversity Briefing" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/2023languagediversitybriefing-250305153210-9802c9f8-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">N.C. DPI's 2023 Language Diversity Briefing</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save N.C. DPI's 2023 Language Diversity Briefing for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2r9r69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2r9r69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2r9r69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2r9r69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2r9r69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/MebaneRash">Mebane Rash</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The number of languages spoken in NC public 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data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Principle and Practices of Animal Breeding || Boby Basnet" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/principleandpracticesofanimalbreeding-250304080717-c3d3a916-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Principle and Practices of Animal Breeding || Boby Basnet" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/principleandpracticesofanimalbreeding-250304080717-c3d3a916-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Principle and Practices of Animal Breeding || Boby Basnet</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O 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RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Principle and Practices of Animal Breeding Full Note || Assistant Professor Boby Basnet ||IAAS || AFU || PU || FU</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Ra369kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Ra369kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-8" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rab69kf6:" popovertarget=":Rab69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rab69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/social-change-a-change-in-the-institutional-and-normative-structure-of-society-and-human-relationships-pptx/276144131"><span class="sr-only">SOCIAL CHANGE(a change in the institutional and normative structure of societ...</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:8" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="SOCIAL CHANGE(a change in the institutional and normative structure of societ..." src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/socialchange-250301041129-a3d292b4-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="SOCIAL CHANGE(a change in the institutional and normative structure of societ..." src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/socialchange-250301041129-a3d292b4-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">SOCIAL CHANGE(a change in the institutional and normative structure of societ...</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save SOCIAL CHANGE(a change in the institutional and normative structure of societ... for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rab69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rab69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rab69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rab69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rab69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/DrNidhiAgarwal">DrNidhiAgarwal</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">This PPT is showing the effect of social changes in human life and it is very understandable to the students with easy language.in this contents are Itroduction, definition,Factors affecting social changes ,Main technological factors, Social change and stress , what is eustress and how social changes give impact of the human's life.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rab69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rab69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-9" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Raj69kf6:" popovertarget=":Raj69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Raj69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/how-to-configure-flexible-working-schedule-in-odoo-18-employee/276210158"><span class="sr-only">How to Configure Flexible Working Schedule in Odoo 18 Employee</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:9" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="How to Configure Flexible Working Schedule in Odoo 18 Employee" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtoconfigureflexibleworkingscheduleinodoo18employee-250303055119-472e0982-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="How to Configure Flexible Working Schedule in Odoo 18 Employee" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtoconfigureflexibleworkingscheduleinodoo18employee-250303055119-472e0982-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">How to Configure Flexible Working Schedule in Odoo 18 Employee</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save How to Configure Flexible Working Schedule in Odoo 18 Employee for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2raj69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2raj69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2raj69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2raj69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2raj69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/CelineGeorge1">Celine George</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to configure flexible working schedule in Odoo 18 Employee module. In Odoo 18, the Employee module offers powerful tools to configure and manage flexible working schedules tailored to your organization's needs.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Raj69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Raj69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-10" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rar69kf6:" popovertarget=":Rar69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rar69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/edl-290f-week-3-mountaintop-views-2025-pdf/276230837"><span class="sr-only">EDL 290F Week 3 - Mountaintop Views (2025).pdf</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:10" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="EDL 290F Week 3 - Mountaintop Views (2025).pdf" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/edl290fweek3-mountaintopviews2025-250303171826-ee80f4f9-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="EDL 290F Week 3 - Mountaintop Views (2025).pdf" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/edl290fweek3-mountaintopviews2025-250303171826-ee80f4f9-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">EDL 290F Week 3 - Mountaintop Views (2025).pdf</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save EDL 290F Week 3 - Mountaintop Views (2025).pdf for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rar69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rar69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rar69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rar69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rar69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/ElizabethWalsh22">Liz Walsh-Trevino</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">EDL 290F Week 3 - Mountaintop Views (2025).pdf</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rar69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rar69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-11" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rb369kf6:" popovertarget=":Rb369kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rb369kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/how-to-attach-file-using-upload-button-odoo-18/276332085"><span class="sr-only">How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:11" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtoattachfileusinguploadbuttonodoo18-250306054411-e1e22bbf-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtoattachfileusinguploadbuttonodoo18-250306054411-e1e22bbf-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18 for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rb369kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rb369kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rb369kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rb369kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rb369kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/CelineGeorge1">Celine George</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to attach file using upload button Odoo 18. Odoo features a dedicated model, 'ir.attachments,' designed for storing attachments submitted by end users. We can see the process of utilizing the 'ir.attachments' model to enable file uploads through web forms in this slide.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rb369kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rb369kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-12" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rbb69kf6:" popovertarget=":Rbb69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rbb69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/database-population-in-odoo-18-odoo-slides/276290969"><span class="sr-only">Database population in Odoo 18 - Odoo slides</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:12" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Database population in Odoo 18 - Odoo slides" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/databasepopulationinodoo18-250305061428-5cecd4ab-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Database population in Odoo 18 - Odoo slides" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/databasepopulationinodoo18-250305061428-5cecd4ab-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Database population in Odoo 18 - Odoo slides</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Database population in Odoo 18 - Odoo slides for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rbb69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rbb69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rbb69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rbb69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rbb69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/CelineGeorge1">Celine George</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">In this slide, we’ll discuss the database population in Odoo 18. In Odoo, performance analysis of the source code is more important. Database population is one of the methods used to analyze the performance of our code. </span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rbb69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rbb69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-13" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rbj69kf6:" popovertarget=":Rbj69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rbj69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/computer-application-in-business-commerce/276224706"><span class="sr-only">Computer Application in Business (commerce)</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:13" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Computer Application in Business (commerce)" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/computerapplicationinbusiness-250303140622-4bbc67e0-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Computer Application in Business (commerce)" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/computerapplicationinbusiness-250303140622-4bbc67e0-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Computer Application in Business (commerce)</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Computer Application in Business (commerce) for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rbj69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rbj69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rbj69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rbj69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rbj69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/SudarSudar8">Sudar Sudar</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The main objectives 1. To introduce the concept of computer and its various parts. 2. To explain the concept of data base management system and Management information system. 3. To provide insight about networking and basics of internet Recall various terms of computer and its part Understand the meaning of software, operating system, programming language and its features Comparing Data Vs Information and its management system Understanding about various concepts of management information system Explain about networking and elements based on internet 1. Recall the various concepts relating to computer and its various parts 2 Understand the meaning of software’s, operating system etc 3 Understanding the meaning and utility of database management system 4 Evaluate the various aspects of management information system 5 Generating more ideas regarding the use of internet for business purpose </span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rbj69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rbj69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-14" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rbr69kf6:" popovertarget=":Rbr69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rbr69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" 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aria-describedby="latest-card-description-15" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rc369kf6:" popovertarget=":Rc369kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rc369kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/storytelling-instructions-3e91/276393244"><span class="sr-only">Storytelling instructions...............</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:15" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Storytelling instructions..............." src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/storytellinginstructions-250307155643-ebcb3ba3-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Storytelling instructions..............." src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/storytellinginstructions-250307155643-ebcb3ba3-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Storytelling instructions...............</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Storytelling instructions............... for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rc369kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rc369kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rc369kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rc369kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rc369kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/Alexanderperez41">Alexander Benito</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">for students</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rc369kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rc369kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-16" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcb69kf6:" popovertarget=":Rcb69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcb69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/how-to-setup-whatsapp-in-odoo-17-odoo-slides/276210408"><span class="sr-only">How to Setup WhatsApp in Odoo 17 - Odoo Slides</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:16" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="How to Setup WhatsApp in Odoo 17 - Odoo Slides" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtosetupwhatsappinodoo17-250303055653-d80ed514-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="How to Setup WhatsApp in Odoo 17 - Odoo Slides" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/howtosetupwhatsappinodoo17-250303055653-d80ed514-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">How to Setup WhatsApp in Odoo 17 - Odoo Slides</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save How to Setup WhatsApp in Odoo 17 - Odoo Slides for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcb69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcb69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcb69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcb69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcb69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/CelineGeorge1">Celine George</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">Integrate WhatsApp into Odoo using the WhatsApp Business API or third-party modules to enhance communication. This integration enables automated messaging and customer interaction management within Odoo 17.</span></div></div><div class="" id=":Rcb69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="bottom-start" style="position-anchor:--popover-Rcb69kf6"></div><div class="separator Separator_root__70Ime Separator_horizontal__czVEa" style="--color:var(--blue-gray-200);--size:1px" role="separator"></div><div class="RailCard_root__rZUGY RailCard_hasDescription__MjSgf SlideshowCard_root__pD8t4 slideshow-card" aria-describedby="latest-card-description-17" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Rcj69kf6:" popovertarget=":Rcj69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Rcj69kf6"><a class="SlideshowCardLink_root__p8KI7" data-cy="slideshow-card-link" data-testid="slideshow-card-link" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/blind-spots-in-ai-and-formulation-science-ifpac-2025-pdf/276188107"><span class="sr-only">Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf</span></a><div class="slideshow-thumbnail Thumbnail_root__qLW0K SlideshowCard_thumb__86aJk" style="aspect-ratio:1.5;--index:17" data-testid="card-thumbnail"><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_blur__opK6A Thumbnail_cover__1zsIi" alt="Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/blindspotsinaiandformulationscience-250302144810-a806558a-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/><img class="Thumbnail_thumb__UXO3a Thumbnail_contain__K6M0d" alt="Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf" src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/blindspotsinaiandformulationscience-250302144810-a806558a-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds" loading="lazy"/></div><div class="SlideshowCard_content__xh7kV slideshow-card-content"><span class="slideshow-title SlideshowTitle_root__2VccW RailCard_title__Tvfiv ellipsis" style="-webkit-line-clamp:2" data-cy="slideshow-title">Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf</span><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi" data-testid="button" aria-checked="false" aria-label="Save Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf for later" role="switch" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":R2rcj69kf6:" popovertarget=":R2rcj69kf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-R2rcj69kf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv RecSaveButton_icon__btwCp" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" id=":R2rcj69kf6:" popover="manual" data-popover-position="top" style="position-anchor:--popover-R2rcj69kf6"></div><a class="SlideshowAuthor_root__IkT1_ RailCard_author__JYeYZ slideshow-author ellipsis" data-testid="slideshow-author" data-cy="slideshow-author" href="https://www.slideshare.net/a2zpharmsci">Ajaz Hussain</a><div class="slideshow-stats SlideshowStats_root__EQOR1 RailCard_stats__ZvZms"> </div><span aria-hidden="true" class="seo-only">The intersection of AI and pharmaceutical formulation science highlights significant blind spots—systemic gaps in pharmaceutical development, regulatory oversight, quality assurance, and the ethical use of AI—that could jeopardize patient safety and undermine public trust. 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class="sr-only"></span></span></button><button aria-label="Next" type="button" class="Slider_arrow__8LCca Slider_next__fa9IO"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/chevron-right.9b30ad08.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>Secret History of Silicon Valley Rev 4 Dec 09</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#1">Hidden in Plain </a> Sight: The Secret History of Silicon Valley Watch This Talk Online http://bit.ly/SecretVideo Read the Backstory http://bit.ly/SecretStories Read the Blog www.steveblank.com Rev 4 Dec 09 </li></div><div><li>2. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#2">The Genesis of </a> Silicon Valley Entrepreneurship Marc Andreessen Internet Steve Jobs Personal Computers Gordon Moore Integrated Circuits Innovation Networks Hewlett & Packard Defense 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>3. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#3">The Popular View </a> of Silicon Valley History Internet Personal Computers Integrated Circuits Fruit Orchards Innovation Networks Fruit Orchards Fruit Orchards 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>4. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#4">The Real Story </a> of Silicon Valley History Internet Personal Computers Integrated Circuits Microwaves Innovation Networks Test Equipment Vacuum Tubes 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>5. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#5">A few caveats • </a> Not a professional historian • WWII story from the western front - lacks Soviet contributions • Some of this is probably wrong • Cold War story is U.S.- centric. Other data points welcomed • All “secrets” are from open-source literature The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>6. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#6">Seven Short Stories </a> The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>7. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#7">Story 1: WWII </a> The First Electronic War The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>8. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#8">Dec 7th 1941: </a> America Enters WWII • Britain fighting since Sept ‘39 • Soviets fighting massive land/air battles since June ‘41 • Allies incapable of landing in Western Europe for 2+ years • Decide that – priority was to win in Europe vs Pacific – destroy German war fighting capacity from the air until they can invade The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>9. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#9">Strategic Bombing of </a> Germany March 1943: The Combined Bomber Offensive “Your primary objective will be the progressive destruction and dislocation of the German military, industrial and economic system and the undermining of the morale of the German people to a point where their capacity for armed resistance is fatally weakened." The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>10. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#10">Strategic Bombing of </a> Germany The Combined Bomber Offensive • British bombed at Night – Area Bombing • Lancaster's • Halifax • Flew at 7 - 17 thousand feet • The American’s by Day – Precision Bombing • B-17’s • B-24’s • Flew at 15 - 25 thousand feet The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>11. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#11">The Secret History </a> of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>12. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#12">Early Warning Radar </a> Range The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>13. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#13">The German Air </a> Defense System The Kammhuber Line • Integrated Electronic air defense network – Covered France, the Low Countries, and into northern Germany • Protection from British/US bomber raids – Warn and Detect – Target and Aim – Destroy The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>14. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#14">British/American Air War </a> in Western Europe 28,000 Active Combat Planes 40,000 Allied planes lost or damaged beyond repair: 18,000 American and 22,000 British (46 000 planes lost by the USSR in the East) 79,265 Americans and 79,281 British killed, wounded or captured The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>15. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#15">Early Warning Radars </a> in Occupied France The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>16. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#16">Mammoth </a> Early Warning Radar • 200 mile range – 150 MHz, 200KW, PRF 500hz, PW 3µs, accuracy 0.5° • 100’ wide, 33’ high • 1st phased-array radar • Operational 1942 • 20 built The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>17. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#17">Wasserman </a> Early Warning Radar • 150 mile range – 150 MHz, 100KW, PRF 500hz, PW 3µs, accuracy 0.25° • Backbone of the German early warning network • Steerable tower 190’ • Operational 1942 • 150 built The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>18. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#18">Jagdschloss </a> Early Warning Radar • 180 mile range – 120-157 or 156-250 MHz, 300KW, PW 1us, PRF 500hz • Best early warning radar • 360° rotation at 4 rpm, • Remote PPI display via microwave link • Operational 1944 • 80 built The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>19. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#19">Himmelbelt Local Air Defense </a> Network • Box ~30 x 20 miles • Integrated network of radars, flak, fighters, searchlights The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>20. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#20">Himmelbelt </a> Radar Order of Battle • Freya – early warning radar – detect allied bombers The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>21. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#21">Himmelbelt </a> Radar Order of Battle • Freya – early warning radar – detect allied bombers • Giant Wurzburg – Ground Controlled Intercept radar – direct fighters to bombers – fighters could then intercept with their on-board radar The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>22. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#22">Himmelbelt </a> Radar Order of Battle • Freya – early warning radar – detect allied bombers • Giant Wurzburg – Ground Controlled Intercept radar – direct fighters to bombers – fighters could then intercept with their on-board radar • Lichtenstein BC & SN2 – Airborne radar on German nightfighters The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>23. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#23">Freya </a> Early Warning Radar • 60-120 mile range – 120-144 MHz, 15KW, PRF 500hz, PW 3 µs, accuracy 1.5° • Steerable and mobile • Over 1000 deployed The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>24. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#24">Giant Wurzburg </a> Ground Control Intercept Radar • 45 mile range – 533-566mhz frequency agile, 10KW, PRF 1875hz, PW 2 µs • GCI radar • 25’ wide • over 1,500 deployed The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>25. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#25">Luftwaffe Signals Intelligence </a> Service • Network of passive intercept stations • Picked up allied radio and bombing-radar signals • Plotted location of bomber streams The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>26. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#26">Himmelbett </a> Air Battle Air Traffic Control • Radars fed Himmelbett centers • Operators worked from rows of seats in front of a huge screen • Fighters would fly orbits around a radio beacon – fighter controller talked it to the vicinity of the target • Fighters would turn on its radar, acquire the target, and attack The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>27. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#27">The Secret History </a> of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>28. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#28">Flak - Radar </a> Controlled Anti Aircraft Guns • 15,000 Flak Guns – 400,000 soldiers in flak batteries • Radar-directed flak to 30,000’ – 128mm: 10 shells/minute – 105mm: 15 rounds/minute – 88mm: 15-20 rounds/minute • Fused for time – Fragmentation rounds 105 mm flak Flak: an abbreviation for Fliegerabwehrkanonen, german for anti-aircraft guns – No Proximity Fuses The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>29. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#29">Wurzburg </a> Anti-Aircraft Radar • Fire control of flak batteries • 15 mile range – 533-566 MHz frequency agile – 10KW, PRF 3750hz, PW 2us, Accuracy 25 meters • 10 feet wide • Steerable and Mobile • ~ 5,000 deployed The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>30. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#30">Operation Biting - </a> Raid on Bruneval • Commando raid to steal a Wurzburg • 27 February 1942 • Captured all the radar electronics and technicians • Used it to test countermeasures The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>31. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#31">German Night-Fighters </a> On-board Radar • Directed to vicinity by ground radar • Dornier Do 17, Junkers Ju 88, Messerschmitt Bf 110 • “Lichtenstein” B/C then SN2 Radar – Range 2.5 miles, 400mhz then 90mhz The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>32. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#32">The Secret History </a> of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>33. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#33">German Day Fighters </a> Vectored by Ground Radar • Ground Control Intercept radar talked the fighters into visual range of the bombers • Messerschmitt BF-109, Focke Wolf 190 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>34. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#34">The Secret History </a> of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>35. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#35">Not many clear </a> days a month in winter over Europe How did they see the target? The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>36. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#36">Bombing Through Overcast </a> Solution: Air to Ground Bombing Radar • Radar aimed at the ground – Targets could be seen under clouds and rain – Outlines of major ground features – map overlays • British in Mid 1943 – H2S 300mhz • Americans in late 1943 – H2X / APS-15 3ghz – B-24 & P-38 Pathfinders • Oops - Naxos The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>37. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#37">Math Challenge For </a> every 100 bombers on a mission 4 - 20% would not return Crews had to fly 25 mission to go home The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>38. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#38">Story 2: The </a> Electronic Shield - Electronic Warfare The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>39. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#39">Harvard Radio Research </a> Lab (RRL) Signals Intelligence and Electronic Warfare • Reduce losses to fighters and flak • Find/understand German Air Defense – Electronic and Signals Intelligence • Jam/confuse German Air Defense – Radar Order of Battle – Chaff – Jammers • Top Secret 800 person lab The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>40. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#40">ELINT – Electronic </a> Intelligence The Line of Sight Problem You got to get close! The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>41. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#41">ELINT using Ferret’s </a> Find and understand German Air Defense • Ferret’s and Crows • B-24J flights inside Germany to intercept German radar signals • Fitted with receivers & displays • Wire and strip recorders – Frequency, pulse rate, power, etc. – 50 MHz to 3 GHz The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>42. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#42">Using ELINT to </a> Map Radar Coverage The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>43. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#43">Window/Chaff </a> Jam Wurzburg AAA & GCI Radar • Strips of aluminum foil – 1/2 Wurzburg frequency • 46,000 packets tossed out by hand – Each packet contained 2,000 strips – Automatic dispensers came later • First used July 1943 – Raid on Hamburg – Shut down German air defense • Used 3/4’s of Aluminum Foil in the US The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>44. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#44">Blind German Early </a> Warning Radar Jam Wassermann, Mammoth and Freya MANDREL • Put Jammers on Airplanes Jammer • Mandrel/APT-3 • DINA/APT-1 – First on escort fighters – Later on bombers – 12 watts DINA Jammer The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>45. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#45">Shut down Flak </a> & Ground Control Radar Jam the Wurzburg’s • “Carpet” AN/APT-2 Jammer – Confuse Wurzburg radar – Shut down flak – Shut down GCI – 5 Watts • 24,000 built – On all bombers Carpet Jammer The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>46. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#46">Shut down and </a> Spoof Fighter Ground Control Jam Fighter/Ground VHF Radio Links • "Tinsel” – Microphones in the engine nacelles of a bomber broadcast noise • "Corona" – German-speaking RAF personnel, broadcast fake controller instructions • “Airborne Cigar” – Jammed VHF Nightfighter Ground Control Intercept comm – Flew in special ops Lancasters • “Jostle IV” – Jammed VHF Ground Control Intercept comm – Took up the entire bomb bay of a B-17 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>47. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#47">British Jam German </a> Night Fighter Radar • Airborne Grocer – Jam Lichtenstein Night Fighter radar • On all British bombers • Monica – Tail warning system – Oops, German Flensburg MANDREL jamming equipment The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>48. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#48">Jammer Versus Radar </a> Coverage The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>49. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#49">Electronic Warfare 1944/45 chaff ELINT GCI </a> Jamming Flak Jamming The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>50. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#50">Who Ran this </a> Secret Lab and became the Father of Electronic Warfare? • Harvard Radio Research Lab – Separate from MIT's Radiation Laboratory – Ran all electronic warfare in WWII – 800 people – 1941-1944 • Director: Fredrick Terman - Stanford The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>51. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#51">Fredrick Terman </a> “the Father of Silicon Valley” • Stanford Professor of engineering 1926 – encouraged his students, William Hewlett and David Packard to start a company • Dean of Engineering 1946 • Provost 1955 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>52. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#52">Story 3: Spook </a> Entrepreneurship The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>53. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#53">WWII Office of </a> Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) • $450 million spent on weapons R&D – MIT $117 million – Caltech $83 million – Harvard and Columbia ~ $30 million • Stanford ~ $50K The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>54. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#54">Terman’s Postwar Strategy • </a> Focus on microwaves and electronics – Not going to be left out of gov’t $’s this time • Recruits 11 former members of RRL as faculty • Set up the Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL) – “Basic” and Unclassified Research • First Office of Naval Research (ONR) contract 1946 • By 1950 Stanford was the MIT of the West The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>55. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#55">Problem: Jammers Need: </a> More Power and Frequency Agility • More Power – WWII: low power jammers X 100’s of planes – Now each bomber needed to protect itself • Frequency Agility – WWII radars xmitted on a single frequency – Jammers needed to be manual tuned – Soviet radars used multiple frequencies The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>56. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#56">Solution: Electronically Tunable </a> Microwave Power Tubes • Magnetron - limited scale, ﬁxed/unstable freq • Klystron - scale to extremely high power – Drawback: narrow frequency range • Backward wave oscillator (BWO)/Carcinotron – Electronically tunable – Can sweep 1000/mhz per second – High Power ~1,000 watts The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>57. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#57">Problem: ELINT Receivers </a> Need: Higher Bandwidth & Frequency Agility • High Bandwidth – Need to cover 300mhz to 40ghz w/one receiver • Frequency Agility – Soviet radars used multiple frequencies – Manual tuning would miss signals – Needed high probability of intercept single pulses The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>58. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#58">Solution: Electronically Tunable </a> Wideband Amplifiers • Traveling Wave Tubes – High gain >40db, – low noise, – high bandwidth >1 octave – 300mhz - 50ghz – Tune at 1000mhz/sec The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>59. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#59">Microwave Valley - </a> Components Klystrons, Carcinotrons, & Traveling Wave Tubes • Eitel-McCullough (1934) • Varian Associates (1948) • Litton Industries (1946) • Huggins Laboratories (1948) • Stewart Engineering (1952) • Watkins-Johnson (1957) • Microwave Electronics Co. (1959) The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>60. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#60">Korean War Changes </a> the Game Spook Work Comes to Stanford • Applied Electronics Laboratory (AEL) – “Applied” and Classified Military programs – Doubles the size of the electronics program – Separate from the unclassified Electronics Research Laboratory – Made the university, for the first time, a full partner in the military-industrial complex The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>61. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#61">The Cold War </a> and the Black Valley • The Cold War battlefield moves 500 miles east • Fear of a “nuclear Pearl Harbor” • Countermeasures, Elint and Sigint, become critical • Stanford becomes a center of excellence for the NSA, CIA, Navy, Air Force The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>62. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#62">The Cold War </a> is an Electronic War • Russian air defense modeled after Germans – add surface to air missiles, fighter radar, IFF – Understand and defeat (ELINT) • Soviet strategic missile and bomber threat – Monitor telemetry (SIGINT) to understand performance – Photo reconnaissance to find silo’s and bombers • Soviet Naval threat – Monitor and track soviet submarines • Soviet Nuclear threat – Identify and understand production facilities The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>63. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#63">Stanford Technical Advisory </a> Meetings • Air Force, Navy, Army, CIA and NSA • Sylvania, and other contractors • Review of projects and new concepts The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>64. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#64">Stanford Joins the </a> “Black” World • Electronics Research Laboratory – “Basic” and Unclassified Research • Applied Electronics Laboratory (AEL) – “Applied” and Classified Military programs • Merge and become the Systems Engineering Lab (SEL) in 1955 – Same year Terman becomes Provost The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>65. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#65">Stanford Systems Engineering </a> Lab • Immediate, practical application of real world intelligence problems for CIA, NSA, NRO, Air Force • Combined ERL components with advanced theory into complete ELINT and Jamming systems – Usually prototypes turned over to contractors – At times, built one-off systems – Digital filtering, OTH, etc. • Use PhD students and staff – classified thesis! • Ultimately 800 person lab The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>66. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#66">Problem: Understand the </a> Soviet Radar Order of Battle • Where are the Soviet radars? – Consumers; SAC, CIA. • Details of the radars – NSA/CIA to contractors • Periphery of Soviet Union known • Interior terra incognito The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>67. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#67">The Secret History </a> of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>68. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#68">Solution: A Fleet </a> of ELINT Planes • Joint NSA/CIA/Air Force/Navy • Flew periphery of Soviet bloc 24/7 – PB4Y2, P2V, C-97, RB-47, EC-121, C-130, EA-3B, RC-135 • Measured Soviet Air Defense – Revealed low-altitude coverage was good • Continuous Comint The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>69. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#69">ELINT – The </a> Line of Sight Problem You got to get close! You got to get them turned on!! The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>70. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#70">The Cost: 23 </a> ELINT Planes Date Victim Service Aircraft Pilot Weapon 8Apr50 PB4Y - 2 USN La-11 B.Do k i n 23/37mm 24Apr50 F-82 USA F MiG-15 Keleinikov 23/37mm Apr50 F-51D USA F MiG-15 N.Guzhov 23/37mm May50 F-51D USA F La-11 Yefremov 20mm 11May50 B-24 USA F MiG-15 I.Shinkarenko 23/37mm 26Dec50 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 S.Bhakae v 23/37mm 6Nov51 P2V - 2 USN MiG-15 M.Schukin 23/37mm 13Jun52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 O.Fedot o v 23/37mm 7Oct52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Zheryakov 23/37mm 7Oct52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Lesnov 23/37mm 29Jul53 RB-50 USA F MiG-15 A.Ryba k o v 23/37mm 4Sep54 P2V - 5 USN MiG-15 ? 23/37mm 7Nov54 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Kosti n 23/37mm 17Apr55 RB-47H USA F MiG-15 Korot k o v 23/37mm 22Jun55 P2V - 5 USN MiG-15 ? 23/37mm 10Sep5 6 RB-50 USA F MiG-15 ? 23/37mm 27Jun58 C-118 USA F MiG-17 P Sevetlichnikov 23/37mm 2Sep58 C-130A USA F MiG-17 H.Gavrilo v 23/37mm 1Jul60 RB-47 USA F MiG-17 F V.Polyakov 23/37mm 1963 RB-47 USA F MiG-19 S ? 30mm 1963 T-39 USA F MiG-19 S ? 30mm 10Mar64 RB-66C USA F MiG-21 F - 1 3 Zinowlj e v 30mm 14Dec65 RB-57F USA F MiG-17 F ? 23/37mm The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>71. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#71">Elint - Is </a> There a Better Way? The U-2 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>72. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#72">Stanford/Military/Industry Ecosystem • </a> Stanford did basic research in electronics • Stanford and SRI do applied research • Microwave and systems companies in Silicon Valley produce equipment for the military The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>73. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#73">Example: U-2 as </a> an Sigint Platform (1956) Courtesy of Stanford and Silicon Valley • System IV – 150 - 40,000 MHz – Stanford Electronics Laboratories – Ramo Woolridge • E/F Band ELINT recorder (1956) • A Band ELINT recorder (1959) • E/F Band Jammer (1959) – Granger Associates • Watkins Johnson – QRC -192 Elint receiver – 50 -14,000 MHz • Communications receiver – 100-150 MHz/3 channel tape recorder The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>74. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#74">Example: A-12 ELINT/EWS </a> Suite (1965) • System VI ELINT analog recorder – 50 - 8,000 MHz -45 dbm – TRW • Bluedog SA-2 L-band guidance jammer – Sylvania • Pinpeg SA-2 warning receiver – 2.8-3.2 & 4.8 -5.2 ghz -40 dbm • Big Blast SA-2 Noise Jammer • Mad Moth SA-2 Jammer The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>75. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#75">Microwave Valley - </a> Systems Some Stanford Alum’s • Sylvania Electronics Defense Laboratory (1953) – Countermeasures, search receivers, converters – Hired faculty as consultants, including Terman • GE Microwave Laboratory (1956) • Granger Associates (1956) Bill Granger • Applied Technology (1959) Bill Granger • Electronic Systems Laboratories (ESL) (1964) – William Perry + 6 other’s from Sylvania EDL • Argo Systems (1969) James de Broekert • Advent Systems (1972) James de Broekert The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>76. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#76">Terman Changes the </a> Startup/University Rules Silicon Valley as We Know it Starts Here • Graduate students encouraged to start companies • Professors encouraged to consult for companies • Terman and other professors take board seats • Technology transfer/IP licensing easy • Getting out in the real world was good for your academic career The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>77. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#77">Terman and the </a> Cold War Silicon Valley’s 1st Engine of Entrepreneurship Military Entrepreneurs Finance Motivation Crisis Profit Culture Cooperative Entrepreneurial Outward-Facing Risk Capital Tech Universities Free flow of People/Information Infrastructure Predictable Stable Technical 24/7 Utilities Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008 </li></div><div><li>78. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#78">Story 4: Spook </a> Innovation The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>79. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#79">Project: Melody </a> ~1960 • First noticed in Project Genetrix – Soviet P-20 Token radar bounced off our high altitude spy balloons – Was received by our radars – Hmm… • Bistatic intercept receiver Irony Alert: In WWII Germans used their Klein-Heidelberg Bistatic radar using the British “Chain Home” radar to track allied bombers The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>80. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#80">Project: Melody </a> ~1960 • Pick up Soviet radars bounced off their own ICBM’s during test flights – Used CIA “Tacksman” intercept sites in Beshahr/Kabkan Iran – Use the missiles’ telemetry beacon to steer our radars • Produced intercepts of all ground-based Soviet missile tracking radars – Including all ABM radars – At a 1000 mile range • Later used ionized cloud of Soviets nuclear tests The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>81. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#81">OXCART / A-12 </a> U-2 Successor The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>82. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#82">CIA: Directorate of </a> Science & Technology • Concerned about OXCART* vulnerability – First aircraft designed for Stealth (tail was plastic) – High speed (Mach 3.3), high altitude (90K feet) • Facing evolved Soviet air defense system • ELINT Staff Office (ESO) asked: – What’s the radar environment like inside the Soviet Union? * A-12/OXCART was the CIA version of the plane which was kept secret (15 built). SR-71 was the 2 seat Air Force reconnaissance version which was made public (31 built.) The YF-12 was an Air Force fighter interceptor (3 built.) The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>83. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#83">Problem: Find “Tall </a> King” • Primary Soviet Air Defense Radar – Long Range, 375 miles • 150mhz, PRF 100/200hz, 800Kw – 100’ wide, 30’ high • Where were they located? • How many are there? – B52 bombers needed to know – OXCART needed to know The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>84. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#84">Solution: Project “Flower </a> Garden” Shoot the Moon • Point dishes at the moon • Use the moon as a bistatic reflector • Listen for TALL KING signals – As earth and moon revolved and rotated all TALL KING’s came into view, one at a time – Plot their precise location The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>85. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#85">HENHOUSE Radar • Soviet </a> HENHOUSE phased-array radar – 850’ long, 25MW – Missile Warning/ABM system – Space surveillance • Identified via satellite photos and ELINT • But what were its capabilities? The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>86. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#86">Radio Dishes Get </a> Funded • Attach ELINT receivers to Bell Labs 60’ antenna in New Jersey – Use Stanford“matched filter” techniques • Use antennas at Sugar Grove, Chesapeake Bay, Aricebo, Jordell Bank • Pay for and build Stanford “Dish” – Hide relationships via “cover agencies” – Air Force Cambridge Research Center and Ofﬁce of Naval Research – Discovers “Hen House” radar The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>87. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#87">PPMS: Power & </a> Pattern Measurement Systems ~1962 • Now we know where Tall King & Spoon Rest radars are but • Now we need to know: – Spatial Coverage – Radiated Power – RF Coherence – Polarization • For Jamming and Stealth The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>88. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#88">Project: Palladium • Ok, </a> now we know spatial coverage, etc. we need to know: – Sensitivity of Soviet radar receivers – How good were their operators • Hence, Project Palladium • Build a system that electronically generated and injected false targets into Soviet radars – They saw ghost aircraft – We could simulate any aircraft, any speed – Trick was to know what they were seeing The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>89. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#89">Project: PALLADIUM • Teamed </a> with NSA and used SIGINT intercepts – Listened to their communication channels and could decrypt them in real time – Watch when they turned on their SA-2 target tracking radar • We used ground bases, naval ships, submarines The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>90. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#90">Project Echo 1960 </a> ELINT Balloons in Space • 100’ aluminized mylar balloon • Cover was “radio relay” tests • Originally to be launched from Vandenberg • Launched in Aug 1960 • By this time something else was in space The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>91. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#91">Story 5: 1956 </a> - The Year It All Changes The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>92. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#92">Lockheed Comes to </a> Town • Polaris missile SLBM • Built in by Lockheed Missiles Division in Sunnyvale – Westinghouse Electric launch tube subcontractor • 20,000 employees by 1960 – From 0 in 4 years – HP: 3,000 employees 1960 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>93. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#93">Lockheed and WS-117L </a> NRO - Move Reconnaissance to Space CORONA SAMOS/SENTRY Program P-11/ 989 SAMOS F-1/2/3 Imaging MIDAS - Program 461 VELA ELINT/SIGINT IR - Launch Detection Nuclear Detection Program A: Air Force - imaging and sigint Program B: CIA - Imaging electroopitcal and sigint Program C: Navy signit Program D: U-2, A-12/Oxcart, D-21/Tagboard The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>94. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#94">Lockheed - Agena </a> Space Bus for Spy Satellites • First restartable second stage – Boost and maneuvering – 3-axis stabilized • Used on Thor, Atlas and Titan • Controlled all 1960’s spy satellites • 365 built on an assembly line in secret in Sunnyvale The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>95. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#95">Stanford AEL/STL and </a> Rambo • William Rambo – Designed “Carpet” Jammer at RRL – Went to AIL after WWII, Stanford - 1951 – Headed AEL then STL - 1958 – NSA/CIA consultant • Stanford STL leads the space ELINT effort – Works with Lockheed on ferret subsatellites The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>96. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#96">STL/Lockheed and de </a> Broekert • James de Broekert of Stanford STL • STL & Lockheed built P-11 Ferret sub-satellites carried on Corona photo satellites – 7 launched between Mar 1963-Oct 1964 • 1962: Samos F-2/3 Elint satellites – redesignated as Program 102 • Founded Argo, Signal Science, Advent Systems The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>97. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#97">Project West Ford </a> 1963 A Ring of Chaff in Space • 400 million copper dipoles • 3/4’s of an inch long • 2000 mile altitude, 5 miles wide, 25 miles thick • Cover was “radio relay” tests • Launched as part of MIDAS The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>98. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#98">Project Grab 1960-1962 </a> ELINT in Space • No more overflights or balloons • Collect radar emissions from Soviet air defense radars • Record, Store and Dump • Built by the Naval Research Laboratory • Used by SAC for EOB then given to the NRO The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>99. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#99">Project POPPY 1962-1971 </a> Navy ELINT in Space • Ships can no longer hide • Collect radar emissions from Soviet naval vessels • Clusters of satellites • Triangulate and direction find The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>100. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#100">Villard and Over </a> the Horizon Radar • Meteor trails – burst comm and ELINT receiver • Nuclear tests • OTH - Over The Horizon Radar – Monitor missile launches EARTHLING in Pakistan in 1961 CHECKROTE in Taiwan in 1966 – Aircraft tracking • Stealth - 1969 at SRI The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>101. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#101">The End of </a> Classified Work at Stanford • In 1968, 35 percent of Stanford research funding in electronics was for classified work • 50% of SRI’s work was from DOD • April 9, 1969 400 students occupy AEL The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>102. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#102">Story 6: 1956 </a> Why It’s Silicon Valley The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>103. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#103">Meanwhile, on the </a> Other Side of Town… The Head of Radar Bombing training for Air Force starts a Company The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>104. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#104">William Shockley </a> “The Other Father of Silicon Valley” • Director of Navy anti-submarine warfare operations group at Columbia (1942-1943) • Head of Radar Bombing training for Air Force (1943-1945) • Deputy Director and Research Director of the Weapons System Evaluation Group in the Defense Department (1954-1955) • Co-inventor of the transistor – Nobel Prize in 1956 • Founded Shockley Semiconductor 1955 – First semiconductor company in California The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>105. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#105">William Shockley “Great </a> Researcher, Awesome Talent Spotter, Horrible Manager” • Unintended consequences: “The traitorous 8” leave Shockley – found Fairchild Semiconductor • First VC Investment (Venrock) – Noyce & Moore leave Fairchild to start Intel – 65 other chip companies in the next 20 years • Eugenics beliefs end his career 1963 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>106. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#106">The Secret History </a> of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>107. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#107">Semiconductor Genealogy: 1955 </a> - 1976 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>108. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#108">Shockley’s Legacy • It’s </a> Silicon Valley The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>109. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#109">Story 7: Why </a> We All Don’t Work for the Government The Rise of Private Capital The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>110. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#110">Venture Capital </a> Silicon Valley’s 2nd Engine of Entrepreneurship Venture Entrepreneurs Finance Motivation Crisis Profit Culture Cooperative Entrepreneurial Outward-Facing Risk Capital Tech Universities Free flow of People/Information Infrastructure Predictable Stable Technical 24/7 Utilities Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008 </li></div><div><li>111. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#111">The Valley Attracts </a> Financial Attention The 1st West Coast IPO’s • 1956 Varian • 1957 Hewlett Packard • 1958 Ampex The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>112. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#112">The Rise of </a> Risk Capital Family Money 1940’s - 1960’s • J.H. Whitney – 1st family office 1946 • Laurance Rockefeller – Draper Gaither & Anderson (1st limited Partnership) 1958 – Spun out as Venrock in 1969 • Bessemer • East Coast focus • Wide variety of industries The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>113. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#113">The Rise of </a> Risk Capital East Coast VC Experiments • 1946 American Research & Development – George Doriot – Right idea, wrong model (public VC firm) • 1963 Boston Capital The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>114. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#114">The Rise of </a> Risk Capital “The Group” 1950’s • First Bay Area “Angels” – Reid Dennis – William Bryan – William Edwards – William K. Bowes – Daniel McGanney ~ 10 deals $75 -$300K The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>115. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#115">Reid Dennis Remembers • </a> “The first 25 electronics companies required total capital of $300k each and private individuals formed the basis of the early syndicates” • “….in 1975, prior to the relaxation of ERISA laws, the entire VC industry raised $10m” The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>116. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#116">Soviet Union Launches </a> Sputnik and the U.S. Venture Capital Industry • Soviet satellite shocked the U.S. • Galvanized congress • New agencies/programs – NASA – ARPA – National Defense Education Act – SBA SBIC Act The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>117. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#117">The Rise of </a> Risk Capital SBIC Act of 1958 • Gov’t match of private investments 3:1 • 700 SBIC funds by 1965 – 75% of all VC funding in 1968, 7% in 1988 • Corporate – Bank of America - George Quist, Tom Clauson – Firemans Fund/American Express - Reid Dennis • Private – 1959 Continental Capital - Frank Chambers – The Group; Bryan Edwards, McGanney – 1962 Pitch Johnson & Bill Draper – 1962 Sutter Hill The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>118. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#118">Defense R&D Budget </a> Defense R&D $ Billions Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>119. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#119">Defense R&D Budget </a> California Defense R&D California $ Billions Defense R&D Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>120. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#120">Defense R&D Budget </a> Silicon Valley Defense R&D $ Billions California Defense R&D Silicon Valley Defense R&D Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>121. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#121">Defense R&D Budget </a> Versus Venture Capital Defense R&D $ Billions California Defense R&D Silicon Valley Defense R&D Silicon Valley Venture Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>122. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#122">Defense R&D Budget </a> Versus Venture Capital Defense R&D $ Billions California Defense R&D Silicon Valley Defense R&D Silicon Valley Venture Sources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States Governemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>123. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#123">The Rise of </a> Risk Capital The Limited Partnership • DGA (Draper Gaither & Anderson) 1958 • Rock and Davis 1961 • Sutter Hill 1964 • TA Associates 1968 • Mayfield Fund 1969 • Patricof & Co. 1969 • Kleiner Perkins 1972 • Capital Mgmt Services (Sequoia) 1972 The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>124. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#124">The Rise of </a> Risk Capital 1978/1979 - A Watershed • Capital gains slashed (1978) – 49.5% to 28% • Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1979) – Pension funds can invest The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>125. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#125">Venture Capital </a> Silicon Valley’s 2nd Engine of Entrepreneurship Venture Entrepreneurs Finance Motivation Crisis Profit Culture Cooperative Entrepreneurial Outward-Facing Risk Capital Tech Universities Free flow of People/Information Infrastructure Predictable Stable Technical 24/7 Utilities Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008 </li></div><div><li>126. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#126">Summary • Terman/Stanford/Government responsible </a> for entrepreneurial culture of Silicon Valley • Military primed the pump as a customer for key technologies – Semiconductors, computers, Internet – But very little technical cross pollination • Venture Capital turned the valley to volume corporate and consumer applications Is there another “crisis” that will restart the valley’s cycle of innovation? Or will we continue to be profit driven? The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>127. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#127">This Presentation is </a> On-line Watch This Talk Online http://bit.ly/SecretVideo Read the Backstory http://bit.ly/SecretStories Read the Blog www.steveblank.com </li></div><div><li>128. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#128">WWII Sources - </a> Books • WWII – A Radar History of WWII - Louis Brown – Confound and Destroy - Martin Streetly – Echoes of War, the Story of H2S Radar - Sir Bernard Lovell – The Invention that Changed the World - Robert Buderi – Wizard War, British Scientific Intelligence - R.V. Jones – History of Air Intercept Radar and British Nightfighter - Ian White – The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich - Donald Caldwell – Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare - Alfred Price – Volume I: The History of US. Electronic Warfare to 1946 - Alfred Price The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>129. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#129">Cold War Sources </a> - Books • Cold War – Volume II: The History of US. Electronic Warfare: Renaissance Years- Alfred Price – The Wizards of Langley - Jeffrey T. Richelson – Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency - James Bamford – The Puzzle Palace: Inside the NSA, - James Bamford – Secrets of Signals Intelligence During the Cold War and Beyond - Matthew M. Aid, Cees Wiebes – Eternal Vigilance? - Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Christopher M. Andrew – High-Cold-War-Strategic Air Reconnaissance and the Electronic Intelligence War - Robert Jackson – By Any Means Necessary: America's Secret Air War in the Cold War - William E. Burrows – Shadow Flights: America's Secret Airwar Against the Soviet Union: A Cold War History - C. Peebles – Spyplane - Norman Polmar – Radar Handbook, - Merrill I. Skolnik – Out From Behind the Eight Ball: A History of Project Echo by Doanld C. Elder The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>130. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#130">Silicon Valley Sources </a> - Books • Terman/Shockley/Intel – Fred Terman at Stanford - Stewart Gilmore – Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley- Joel Shurkin – The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce - Leslie Berlin • Silicon Valley History – Electronics in the West: the First Fifty Years - Jane Morgan – The Origins of the Electronics Industry on the Pacific Coast- Arthur Norberg – Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford - Rebecca S. Lowen – The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford - Stuart W. Leslie – Making Silicon Valley: Innovation & the Growth of High Tech - C. Lecuyer – Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 - Annalee Saxenian • Venture Capital – Creative Capital: Georges Doriot and the Birth of Venture Capital - Spencer E. Ante • Semiconductor Timeline to 1976: Semi and Don C. Hoefler The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>131. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#131">ELINT Sources - </a> Web • Engineering/ELINT in the CIA/NSA – http://www.tbp.org/pages/Publications/Bent/Features/F99Poteat.pdf – http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/ • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/st06.pdf • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/st08.pdf • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB60/abm022.pdf – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent- csi/pdf/v11i2a05p.pdf – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent- csi/pdf/v12i2a02p.pdf – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi- publications/books-and-monographs/a-12/hiding-oxcart-in-plain-sight.html – http://jya.com/nsa-elint.htm – http://fas.org/irp/program/list.htm • ELINT Aircraft Losses – http://www.rb-29.net/HTML/77ColdWarStory/08.01apndxC.htm – http://www.history.navy.mil/avh-1910/APP34.PDF The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>132. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#132">Photo and Movie </a> Sources - Web • B-24 Ferret ELINT equipment photos – http://aafradio.org/ • WWII Radar History/Photos/Radar Order of Battle – www.gyges.dk – http://www.luftarchiv.de/ – http://www.vectorsite.net/ttwiz.html The Wizard War – http://www.museumwaalsdorp.nl/en/german_radar.html – http://www.baermann.biz/pauke/index.php?catid=9&blogid=1 • Movie Clips – 12 O’Clock High – Memphis Belle – Dr. Strangelove The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div><div><li>133. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/secret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09/2658658#133">This Presentation is </a> On-line Watch This Talk Online http://bit.ly/SecretVideo Read the Backstory http://bit.ly/SecretStories Read the Blog www.steveblank.com The Secret History of Silicon Valley </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="actions-menu-container ActionsMenu_root__4k507" data-cy="actions-menu-mobile"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi save-button" data-testid="button" aria-label="Save Secret History of Silicon Valley Rev 4 Dec 09 for later" data-saved="false" data-cy="loggedout-save-slideshow-button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls=":Racf6:" popovertarget=":Racf6:" style="anchor-name:--popover-Racf6"><span class="icon Icon_root__AjZyv SaveLoggedOut_icon__ny9X2" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/save.ef1812e2.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span></button><div class="Tooltip_root__7FS0Y" 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Maintaining a mix of both fighters is presented as critical to addressing 21st century air threats.","tags":["usaf","fifth generation fighter"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/usaf-fifth-gen-fighter/15745155","userLogin":"prayukth1","userName":"Prayukth K V","viewCount":9167},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Convoy defense techniques","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":38,"score":0.45013,"slideshowId":"5563279","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"convoy-defense-techniques","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/convoydefensetechniques-101026024441-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"This document provides techniques for convoy defense against various threats such as air attacks, artillery fire, ambushes, and mines. It emphasizes the importance of training convoy personnel and planning defensive procedures. When ambushed, vehicles should push through while returning heavy suppressive fire. 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It provides details on enhancements to the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense system and the deployment of Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) systems. The document also summarizes international cooperation efforts and outlines an integrated approach to developing missile defense capabilities.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/nancy-morgan-bmd-overview/32717244","userLogin":"RUSIEVENTS","userName":"Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies","viewCount":7867},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Syring MDA Briefing","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":19,"score":0.442193,"slideshowId":"32884891","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"syring-mda-briefing","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/syring-140329091805-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document summarizes the current ballistic missile defense capabilities and threats. 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Today, it seems that the dream has been finally fulfilled; but is that really so?","tags":["beyond visual range","bvr","combat"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/bvr-combat-brief/20517811","userLogin":"Picard578","userName":"Picard578","viewCount":8818},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Missles flight control systems","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":41,"score":0.437741,"slideshowId":"55384236","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"missles-flight-control-systems","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/misslesflightcontrolsystems-151122124659-lva1-app6892-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Thank you for all video clips. \r\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWZXinRwCaE (icbm)\r\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE-q1IaPIUk (how missiles launch)\r\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOXmVi3A_PI (satan R36)\r\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvHlW1h_0XQ (LRASM)","tags":["tools","aerospace","technology"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/missles-flight-control-systems/55384236","userLogin":"ssuser5ed25c","userName":"กมลวรรณ เกตุดำ","viewCount":26533},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"F-35, Stealth and Designing a 21st Century Fighter from the Ground Up","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":7,"score":0.435805,"slideshowId":"12763807","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"f35-stealth-and-designing-a-21st-century-fighter-from-the-ground-up","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35design-120501180204-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Stealth must be designed into the aircraft; it can NOT be done after the fact. \r\n\r\nVLO stealth must be planned for and built in. The designers must incorporate large internal fuel tanks, internal weapon bays, and internally mounted sensors with appropriate apertures.\r\n\r\nAnother hallmark of 5th generation is agility, which goes hand in hand with stealth. \r\n\r\nIn the third slide, the results from Northern Edge 2011 are shown. Although the F-35 airframe has not been flown in Northern Edge some it sensors have been. \r\n\r\nThe sensors performed extremely well and portend a bright future. It is understood by most that the electronic order of battle will play a key role in future conflicts. \r\n\r\nWhat the exercise showed was that a stealthy 5TH Gen. fighter -- the F-22 -- with its ability to be forward deployed in contested air space \r\n\r\nIn addition to its precision active and passive sensors were able to ID threats; EW sites, SAMS, AAA radars for entire package much sooner.\r\n \r\nThe presence of 5th Gen fighters in the force package increases overall forces mission effectiveness by enhancing survivability and lethality for entire package.\r\n \r\nIt showed as well that 5th Gen fighters enhanced battle-space awareness enhanced overall mission effectiveness of entire mission package\r\n \r\nAnd finally, the exercise showed that 5th Gen fighters with this enhanced SA tend to function as Air Battle manager for entire package. \r\n\r\nEven when F-22 was weapon bingo it stayed in fight as battle manager! \r\n","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f35-stealth-and-designing-a-21st-century-fighter-from-the-ground-up/12763807","userLogin":"robbinlaird","userName":"ICSA, LLC","viewCount":17799},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Guided missiles","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":22,"score":0.432552,"slideshowId":"25283798","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"guided-missiles-25283798","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/guidedmissiles-130815130115-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"1. 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India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Program from the 1980s-2008 developed strategic missiles like Agni 3 under","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/guided-missiles-25283798/25283798","userLogin":"avi152","userName":"Avinash Kharche","viewCount":28000},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"F 35 and Current Weapons","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":6,"score":0.431311,"slideshowId":"12763747","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"f-35-and-current-weapons","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/f-35andcurrentweapons-120501175429-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The F-35 is designed to work with most legacy weapons. \n\nAnd the F-35 with the internal fusion engine will allow a whole new approach to the development and use of weapons. Here the focus is upon the legacy weapons.\n\nLegacy 4th generation fighters must load all of their weapons externally which directly impacts aerodynamic performance (agility) and radar cross-section (RCS). \n\nIn fact, any strides made to reduce airframe RCS are lost.\n\n5th generation have the option of loading stores internally. \n\nLegacy 4th gen fighters must carry external fuel tanks in order to overcome the drag penalty of the external ordinance.\n\nThe F-35 does not need external fuel tanks for two reasons: \n\n1) the airframe was specifically designed to carry significant amounts of internal fuel and, \n\n2) there is no aerodynamic drag from internal ordinance.\n \nA 4th gen fighter is unable to safely penetrate denied airspace. This is airspace for which the threats are able to dominate entirely against the 4th generation.\n\n5th gen fighters are able to penetrate denied airspace. \n\nThe internal ordinance of an F-35 is approximately that of an F-16 loaded “wall to wall.” \n\nBecause the weapons are internal, the F-35 has a much longer combat range fully loaded or significantly longer loiter time in the area of interest.\n\nIn the permissive environment, the F-35 holds another advantage over the F-16: payload. \n\nThe F-35 has 11 hard points and can carry about three times the stores load. \n\nExternal weapons on an F-35 impact aerodynamic performance such that our range is about the same as an F-16.\n\nThe picture in slide 4shows an F-35A model with a full compliment of internal stores. \nThis loadout, which is all internal, is about 5000lbs. \n\nInternal carriage means ZERO impact on radar cross section and ZERO aerodynamic drag. \n\nAn F-16, fully loaded, with external stores carries just over 5000lbs and because the load is external the radar cross sections is severely impacted as well as having a significant hit to aerodynamic performance.\n\nThe weapons within the blue cone can be carried internally. \n\nThe weapons with orange color font will be certified for carry in the SDD phase of the program.\n\nBlock 2 weapons carriage and release will be conducted this year. \n\nBy the end of block 2, AIM-120 and JDAM will be certified.\n\nOn day 1, when stealth is of primary importance, the F-35s will probably be loaded internally. \n\nWhen stealth is less important, there are 11 hard points on the airplane, which allow about 18,000lbs of ordinance to be carried.","tags":[],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/f-35-and-current-weapons/12763747","userLogin":"robbinlaird","userName":"ICSA, LLC","viewCount":14374},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"\"The halifax explosion\"","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":12,"score":0.430254,"slideshowId":"111926786","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"the-halifax-explosion-111926786","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thehalifaxexplosion-180828122916-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The Halifax Explosion was a man-made disaster that occurred in Halifax, Canada on December 6th, 1917. 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Relief efforts from nearby Boston helped support recovery and rebuilding efforts in Halifax in the aftermath of the devastating disaster.","tags":["case study on man made disaster"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/the-halifax-explosion-111926786/111926786","userLogin":"pranavsankar4","userName":"pranavsankar4","viewCount":1022},{"algorithmId":"5","displayTitle":"Army in multi domain operations 2028","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":102,"score":0.428767,"slideshowId":"250331050","sourceName":"cm_interact","strippedTitle":"army-in-multi-domain-operations-2028","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/armyinmulti-domainoperations2028-210929115137-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Neil McDonnell and the GovCon Chamber of Commerce make the Army's Futures Command concept documents available to federal government contractors as they do their \"homework\" to support the Department of Defense.","tags":["army","defense","neil mcdonnell"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/army-in-multi-domain-operations-2028/250331050","userLogin":"NeilMcDonnell2","userName":"Neil McDonnell","viewCount":1819}],"alsoLiked":[{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Lean Startup Operating Manual (Customer Development at Work)","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":57,"score":0,"slideshowId":"1463041","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"lean-startup-operating-manual-customer-development-at-work","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/tiecon051609-090520031923-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Here's the checklist for a startup wanting to get started with Customer Development part of the Lean Startup","tags":["tiecon","steve blank","customer development"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/lean-startup-operating-manual-customer-development-at-work/1463041","userLogin":"sblank","userName":"Stanford University","viewCount":34779},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"Customer Development Past Present Future Steve Blank 111909","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":37,"score":0,"slideshowId":"2542752","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"customer-development-past-present-future-steve-blank-111909","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/customerdevelopmentpastpresentfuturesteveblank111909-091120013201-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"- Steve Blank Presentation \n- Nov 09 San Francisco Lean Startup Circle\n- Customer Development Past Present Future","tags":["steve blank","customer development","lean startup"],"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/customer-development-past-present-future-steve-blank-111909/2542752","userLogin":"sblank","userName":"Stanford University","viewCount":34474},{"algorithmId":"21","displayTitle":"The startup owners manual sxsw","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":123,"score":0,"slideshowId":"11954724","sourceName":"li_interact","strippedTitle":"the-startup-owners-manual-sxsw-11954724","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/thestartupownersmanualsxsw-120310163912-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"The document summarizes Steve Blank's presentation on the startup path and customer development process. 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Other data points\n welcomed\n• All “secrets” are from open-source literature\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Seven Short Stories\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Story 1: WWII The First Electronic War\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Dec 7th 1941: America Enters WWII\n\n• Britain fighting since Sept ‘39\n• Soviets fighting massive land/air\n battles since June ‘41\n• Allies incapable of landing in\n Western Europe for 2+ years\n• Decide that\n – priority was to win in Europe vs Pacific\n – destroy German war fighting capacity\n from the air until they can invade\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Strategic Bombing of Germany\nMarch 1943: The Combined Bomber Offensive\n\n\n “Your primary objective will be the\n progressive destruction and dislocation\n of the German military, industrial and\n economic system and the undermining\n of the morale of the German people to a\n point where their capacity for armed\n resistance is fatally weakened.\"\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Strategic Bombing of Germany\n The Combined Bomber Offensive\n\n• British bombed at Night\n – Area Bombing\n • Lancaster's\n • Halifax\n • Flew at 7 - 17 thousand feet\n\n\n• The American’s by Day\n – Precision Bombing\n • B-17’s\n • B-24’s\n • Flew at 15 - 25 thousand feet\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Early Warning Radar Range\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The German Air Defense System\n The Kammhuber Line\n\n• Integrated Electronic air defense network\n – Covered France, the Low Countries, and into\n northern Germany\n\n\n• Protection from British/US bomber raids\n – Warn and Detect\n – Target and Aim\n – Destroy\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","British/American Air War in Western Europe\n\n 28,000 Active Combat Planes\n\n40,000 Allied planes lost or damaged beyond repair:\n 18,000 American and 22,000 British\n (46 000 planes lost by the USSR in the East)\n\n 79,265 Americans and 79,281 British killed,\n wounded or captured\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Early Warning Radars in Occupied France\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Mammoth\n Early Warning Radar\n\n• 200 mile range\n – 150 MHz, 200KW, PRF 500hz,\n PW 3µs, accuracy 0.5°\n• 100’ wide, 33’ high\n• 1st phased-array radar\n• Operational 1942\n• 20 built\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Wasserman\n Early Warning Radar\n\n• 150 mile range\n – 150 MHz, 100KW, PRF 500hz,\n PW 3µs, accuracy 0.25°\n• Backbone of the German\n early warning network\n• Steerable tower 190’\n• Operational 1942\n• 150 built\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Jagdschloss\n Early Warning Radar\n\n• 180 mile range\n – 120-157 or 156-250 MHz, 300KW,\n PW 1us, PRF 500hz\n• Best early warning radar\n• 360° rotation at 4 rpm,\n• Remote PPI display via\n microwave link\n• Operational 1944\n• 80 built\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Himmelbelt\nLocal Air Defense\n Network\n\n\n• Box ~30 x 20 miles\n• Integrated network\n of radars, flak,\n fighters,\n searchlights\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Himmelbelt\n Radar Order of Battle\n\n• Freya\n – early warning radar\n – detect allied bombers\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Himmelbelt\n Radar Order of Battle\n• Freya\n – early warning radar\n – detect allied bombers\n• Giant Wurzburg\n – Ground Controlled Intercept radar\n – direct fighters to bombers\n – fighters could then intercept with their\n on-board radar\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Himmelbelt\n Radar Order of Battle\n• Freya\n – early warning radar\n – detect allied bombers\n• Giant Wurzburg\n – Ground Controlled Intercept radar\n – direct fighters to bombers\n – fighters could then intercept with their\n on-board radar\n• Lichtenstein BC \u0026 SN2\n – Airborne radar on German\n nightfighters\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Freya\n Early Warning Radar\n• 60-120 mile range\n – 120-144 MHz, 15KW, PRF 500hz,\n PW 3 µs, accuracy 1.5°\n• Steerable and mobile\n• Over 1000 deployed\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Giant Wurzburg\n Ground Control Intercept Radar\n\n• 45 mile range\n – 533-566mhz frequency\n agile, 10KW, PRF 1875hz,\n PW 2 µs\n• GCI radar\n• 25’ wide\n• over 1,500 deployed\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Luftwaffe Signals Intelligence Service\n\n\n• Network of passive\n intercept stations\n• Picked up allied radio\n and bombing-radar\n signals\n• Plotted location of\n bomber streams\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Himmelbett\n Air Battle Air Traffic Control\n• Radars fed Himmelbett centers\n• Operators worked from rows of\n seats in front of a huge screen\n• Fighters would fly orbits around\n a radio beacon\n – fighter controller talked it to the\n vicinity of the target\n• Fighters would turn on its radar,\n acquire the target, and attack\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Flak - Radar Controlled Anti Aircraft Guns\n\n• 15,000 Flak Guns\n – 400,000 soldiers in flak batteries\n• Radar-directed flak to 30,000’\n – 128mm: 10 shells/minute\n – 105mm: 15 rounds/minute\n – 88mm: 15-20 rounds/minute\n• Fused for time\n – Fragmentation rounds 105 mm flak\n Flak: an abbreviation for Fliegerabwehrkanonen, german for anti-aircraft guns\n\n – No Proximity Fuses\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Wurzburg\n Anti-Aircraft Radar\n\n• Fire control of flak batteries\n• 15 mile range\n – 533-566 MHz frequency agile\n – 10KW, PRF 3750hz, PW 2us,\n Accuracy 25 meters\n• 10 feet wide\n• Steerable and Mobile\n• ~ 5,000 deployed\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Operation Biting - Raid on Bruneval\n\n\n• Commando raid to\n steal a Wurzburg\n• 27 February 1942\n• Captured all the radar electronics and\n technicians\n• Used it to test countermeasures\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","German Night-Fighters\n On-board Radar\n\n\n\n\n• Directed to vicinity by ground radar\n• Dornier Do 17, Junkers Ju 88,\n Messerschmitt Bf 110\n• “Lichtenstein” B/C then SN2 Radar\n – Range 2.5 miles, 400mhz then 90mhz\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","German Day Fighters\n Vectored by Ground Radar\n\n\n\n• Ground Control\n Intercept radar talked\n the fighters into visual\n range of the bombers\n• Messerschmitt BF-109,\n Focke Wolf 190\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Not many clear days a month in winter\n over Europe\n\n How did they see the target?\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Bombing Through Overcast\n Solution: Air to Ground Bombing Radar\n\n• Radar aimed at the ground\n – Targets could be seen under\n clouds and rain\n – Outlines of major ground features\n – map overlays\n• British in Mid 1943\n – H2S 300mhz\n• Americans in late 1943\n – H2X / APS-15 3ghz\n – B-24 \u0026 P-38 Pathfinders\n• Oops - Naxos\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Math Challenge\n\n For every 100 bombers on a mission\n 4 - 20% would not return\n\nCrews had to fly 25 mission to go home\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Story 2: The Electronic Shield -\n Electronic Warfare\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Harvard Radio Research Lab (RRL)\n Signals Intelligence and Electronic Warfare\n\n• Reduce losses to fighters and flak\n• Find/understand German Air Defense\n – Electronic and Signals Intelligence\n• Jam/confuse German Air Defense\n – Radar Order of Battle\n – Chaff\n – Jammers\n• Top Secret 800 person lab\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","ELINT – Electronic Intelligence\n The Line of Sight Problem\n\n\n\n\n You got to get close!\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","ELINT using Ferret’s\n Find and understand German Air Defense\n\n• Ferret’s and Crows\n• B-24J flights inside Germany to\n intercept German radar signals\n• Fitted with receivers \u0026 displays\n• Wire and strip recorders\n – Frequency, pulse rate, power, etc.\n – 50 MHz to 3 GHz\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Using ELINT to Map Radar Coverage\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Window/Chaff\n Jam Wurzburg AAA \u0026 GCI Radar\n\n• Strips of aluminum foil\n – 1/2 Wurzburg frequency\n• 46,000 packets tossed out by hand\n – Each packet contained 2,000 strips\n – Automatic dispensers came later\n• First used July 1943\n – Raid on Hamburg\n – Shut down German air defense\n• Used 3/4’s of Aluminum Foil in the US\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Blind German Early Warning Radar\n Jam Wassermann, Mammoth and Freya\n\n MANDREL\n• Put Jammers on Airplanes Jammer\n\n• Mandrel/APT-3\n• DINA/APT-1\n – First on escort fighters\n – Later on bombers\n – 12 watts\n DINA\n Jammer\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Shut down Flak \u0026 Ground Control Radar\n Jam the Wurzburg’s\n\n\n• “Carpet” AN/APT-2 Jammer\n – Confuse Wurzburg radar\n – Shut down flak\n – Shut down GCI\n – 5 Watts\n• 24,000 built\n – On all bombers Carpet Jammer\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Shut down and Spoof Fighter Ground Control\n Jam Fighter/Ground VHF Radio Links\n• \"Tinsel”\n – Microphones in the engine nacelles of a bomber broadcast noise\n• \"Corona\"\n – German-speaking RAF personnel, broadcast fake controller instructions\n• “Airborne Cigar”\n – Jammed VHF Nightfighter Ground Control Intercept comm\n – Flew in special ops Lancasters\n• “Jostle IV”\n – Jammed VHF Ground Control Intercept comm\n – Took up the entire bomb bay of a B-17\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","British Jam German Night Fighter Radar\n\n• Airborne Grocer\n – Jam Lichtenstein\n Night Fighter radar\n• On all British bombers\n• Monica\n – Tail warning system\n – Oops, German\n Flensburg\n\n\n MANDREL jamming equipment\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Jammer Versus Radar Coverage\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Electronic Warfare 1944/45\n\nchaff\nELINT\nGCI Jamming\nFlak Jamming\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Who Ran this Secret Lab and became\n the Father of Electronic Warfare?\n\n• Harvard Radio Research Lab\n – Separate from MIT's Radiation Laboratory\n – Ran all electronic warfare in WWII\n – 800 people\n – 1941-1944\n• Director: Fredrick Terman - Stanford\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Fredrick Terman\n “the Father of Silicon Valley”\n\n\n• Stanford Professor of engineering 1926\n – encouraged his students, William Hewlett\n and David Packard to start a company\n• Dean of Engineering 1946\n• Provost 1955\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Story 3: Spook Entrepreneurship\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","WWII Office of Scientific Research and\n Development (OSRD)\n\n• $450 million spent on weapons R\u0026D\n – MIT $117 million\n – Caltech $83 million\n – Harvard and Columbia ~ $30 million\n• Stanford ~ $50K\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Terman’s Postwar Strategy\n\n\n• Focus on microwaves and electronics\n – Not going to be left out of gov’t $’s this time\n• Recruits 11 former members of RRL as faculty\n• Set up the Electronics Research Laboratory (ERL)\n – “Basic” and Unclassified Research\n• First Office of Naval Research (ONR) contract 1946\n• By 1950 Stanford was the MIT of the West\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Problem: Jammers Need:\n More Power and Frequency Agility\n\n\n• More Power\n – WWII: low power jammers X 100’s of planes\n – Now each bomber needed to protect itself\n• Frequency Agility\n – WWII radars xmitted on a single frequency\n – Jammers needed to be manual tuned\n – Soviet radars used multiple frequencies\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Solution: Electronically Tunable\n Microwave Power Tubes\n\n• Magnetron - limited scale, ﬁxed/unstable freq\n• Klystron - scale to extremely high power\n – Drawback: narrow frequency range\n• Backward wave oscillator (BWO)/Carcinotron\n – Electronically tunable\n – Can sweep 1000/mhz per second\n – High Power ~1,000 watts\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Problem: ELINT Receivers Need:\n Higher Bandwidth \u0026 Frequency Agility\n\n• High Bandwidth\n – Need to cover 300mhz to 40ghz w/one receiver\n• Frequency Agility\n – Soviet radars used multiple frequencies\n – Manual tuning would miss signals\n – Needed high probability of intercept single pulses\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Solution: Electronically Tunable\n Wideband Amplifiers\n\n• Traveling Wave Tubes\n – High gain \u003e40db,\n – low noise,\n – high bandwidth \u003e1 octave\n – 300mhz - 50ghz\n – Tune at 1000mhz/sec\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Microwave Valley - Components\nKlystrons, Carcinotrons, \u0026 Traveling Wave Tubes\n\n\n• Eitel-McCullough (1934)\n• Varian Associates (1948)\n• Litton Industries (1946)\n• Huggins Laboratories (1948)\n• Stewart Engineering (1952)\n• Watkins-Johnson (1957)\n• Microwave Electronics Co. (1959)\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Korean War Changes the Game\n Spook Work Comes to Stanford\n\n• Applied Electronics Laboratory (AEL)\n – “Applied” and Classified Military programs\n – Doubles the size of the electronics program\n – Separate from the unclassified Electronics\n Research Laboratory\n – Made the university, for the first time, a full\n partner in the military-industrial complex\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Cold War and the Black Valley\n\n• The Cold War battlefield\n moves 500 miles east\n• Fear of a “nuclear Pearl\n Harbor”\n• Countermeasures, Elint\n and Sigint, become critical\n• Stanford becomes a center\n of excellence for the NSA,\n CIA, Navy, Air Force\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Cold War is an Electronic War\n\n• Russian air defense modeled after Germans\n – add surface to air missiles, fighter radar, IFF\n – Understand and defeat (ELINT)\n• Soviet strategic missile and bomber threat\n – Monitor telemetry (SIGINT) to understand performance\n – Photo reconnaissance to find silo’s and bombers\n• Soviet Naval threat\n – Monitor and track soviet submarines\n• Soviet Nuclear threat\n – Identify and understand production facilities\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Stanford Technical Advisory Meetings\n\n• Air Force, Navy, Army,\n CIA and NSA\n• Sylvania, and other\n contractors\n• Review of projects and\n new concepts\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Stanford Joins the “Black” World\n\n• Electronics Research Laboratory\n – “Basic” and Unclassified Research\n• Applied Electronics Laboratory (AEL)\n – “Applied” and Classified Military programs\n• Merge and become the Systems Engineering\n Lab (SEL) in 1955\n – Same year Terman becomes Provost\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Stanford Systems Engineering Lab\n\n• Immediate, practical application of real world\n intelligence problems for CIA, NSA, NRO, Air Force\n• Combined ERL components with advanced theory\n into complete ELINT and Jamming systems\n – Usually prototypes turned over to contractors\n – At times, built one-off systems\n – Digital filtering, OTH, etc.\n• Use PhD students and staff\n – classified thesis!\n• Ultimately 800 person lab\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Problem: Understand the Soviet\n Radar Order of Battle\n• Where are the Soviet radars?\n – Consumers; SAC, CIA.\n• Details of the radars\n – NSA/CIA to contractors\n• Periphery of Soviet Union\n known\n• Interior terra incognito\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Solution: A Fleet of ELINT Planes\n\n• Joint NSA/CIA/Air Force/Navy\n• Flew periphery of Soviet bloc 24/7\n – PB4Y2, P2V, C-97, RB-47, EC-121,\n C-130, EA-3B, RC-135\n• Measured Soviet Air Defense\n – Revealed low-altitude coverage was good\n• Continuous Comint\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","ELINT – The Line of Sight Problem\n You got to get close!\n\n\n\n\n You got to get them turned on!!\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Cost: 23 ELINT Planes\nDate Victim Service Aircraft Pilot Weapon\n8Apr50 PB4Y - 2 USN La-11 B.Do k i n 23/37mm\n24Apr50 F-82 USA F MiG-15 Keleinikov 23/37mm\n Apr50 F-51D USA F MiG-15 N.Guzhov 23/37mm\nMay50 F-51D USA F La-11 Yefremov 20mm\n11May50 B-24 USA F MiG-15 I.Shinkarenko 23/37mm\n26Dec50 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 S.Bhakae v 23/37mm\n6Nov51 P2V - 2 USN MiG-15 M.Schukin 23/37mm\n13Jun52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 O.Fedot o v 23/37mm\n7Oct52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Zheryakov 23/37mm\n7Oct52 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Lesnov 23/37mm\n29Jul53 RB-50 USA F MiG-15 A.Ryba k o v 23/37mm\n4Sep54 P2V - 5 USN MiG-15 ? 23/37mm\n7Nov54 RB-29 USA F MiG-15 Kosti n 23/37mm\n17Apr55 RB-47H USA F MiG-15 Korot k o v 23/37mm\n22Jun55 P2V - 5 USN MiG-15 ? 23/37mm\n10Sep5 6 RB-50 USA F MiG-15 ? 23/37mm\n27Jun58 C-118 USA F MiG-17 P Sevetlichnikov 23/37mm\n2Sep58 C-130A USA F MiG-17 H.Gavrilo v 23/37mm\n 1Jul60 RB-47 USA F MiG-17 F V.Polyakov 23/37mm\n 1963 RB-47 USA F MiG-19 S ? 30mm\n 1963 T-39 USA F MiG-19 S ? 30mm\n10Mar64 RB-66C USA F MiG-21 F - 1 3 Zinowlj e v 30mm\n14Dec65 RB-57F USA F MiG-17 F ? 23/37mm\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Elint - Is There a Better Way?\n The U-2\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Stanford/Military/Industry Ecosystem\n\n\n • Stanford did basic research in electronics\n • Stanford and SRI do applied research\n • Microwave and systems companies in\n Silicon Valley produce equipment for the\n military\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Example: U-2 as an Sigint Platform (1956)\n Courtesy of Stanford and Silicon Valley\n• System IV\n – 150 - 40,000 MHz\n – Stanford Electronics Laboratories\n – Ramo Woolridge\n• E/F Band ELINT recorder (1956)\n• A Band ELINT recorder (1959)\n• E/F Band Jammer (1959)\n – Granger Associates\n• Watkins Johnson\n – QRC -192 Elint receiver\n – 50 -14,000 MHz\n• Communications receiver\n – 100-150 MHz/3 channel tape recorder\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Example: A-12 ELINT/EWS Suite (1965)\n\n• System VI ELINT analog recorder\n – 50 - 8,000 MHz -45 dbm\n – TRW\n• Bluedog SA-2 L-band guidance\n jammer\n – Sylvania\n• Pinpeg SA-2 warning receiver\n – 2.8-3.2 \u0026 4.8 -5.2 ghz -40 dbm\n• Big Blast SA-2 Noise Jammer\n• Mad Moth SA-2 Jammer\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Microwave Valley - Systems\n Some Stanford Alum’s\n\n• Sylvania Electronics Defense Laboratory (1953)\n – Countermeasures, search receivers, converters\n – Hired faculty as consultants, including Terman\n• GE Microwave Laboratory (1956)\n• Granger Associates (1956) Bill Granger\n• Applied Technology (1959) Bill Granger\n• Electronic Systems Laboratories (ESL) (1964)\n – William Perry + 6 other’s from Sylvania EDL\n• Argo Systems (1969) James de Broekert\n• Advent Systems (1972) James de Broekert\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Terman Changes the Startup/University Rules\n Silicon Valley as We Know it Starts Here\n\n• Graduate students encouraged to start companies\n• Professors encouraged to consult for companies\n• Terman and other professors take board seats\n• Technology transfer/IP licensing easy\n• Getting out in the real world was good for your\n academic career\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Terman and the Cold War\n Silicon Valley’s 1st Engine of Entrepreneurship\n\n Military\n Entrepreneurs\n Finance\n\n\n\nMotivation Crisis Profit\n\n\n\nCulture Cooperative Entrepreneurial\n Outward-Facing\n Risk Capital\n Tech Universities\n\n Free flow of\n People/Information\n\n\nInfrastructure Predictable Stable Technical\n 24/7 Utilities\n Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities\n\n\n\n Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008\n ","Story 4: Spook Innovation\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project: Melody ~1960\n\n• First noticed in Project Genetrix\n – Soviet P-20 Token radar bounced\n off our high altitude spy balloons\n – Was received by our radars\n – Hmm…\n• Bistatic intercept receiver\n\n\n\n\nIrony Alert: In WWII Germans used their Klein-Heidelberg Bistatic radar using the British “Chain Home” radar to track allied bombers\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project: Melody ~1960\n\n• Pick up Soviet radars bounced off their own ICBM’s\n during test flights\n – Used CIA “Tacksman” intercept sites in Beshahr/Kabkan Iran\n – Use the missiles’ telemetry beacon to steer our radars\n• Produced intercepts of all ground-based Soviet missile\n tracking radars\n – Including all ABM radars\n – At a 1000 mile range\n• Later used ionized cloud of Soviets nuclear tests\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","OXCART / A-12\n U-2 Successor\n\n\n\n\nThe Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","CIA: Directorate of Science \u0026 Technology\n\n• Concerned about OXCART* vulnerability\n – First aircraft designed for Stealth (tail was plastic)\n – High speed (Mach 3.3), high altitude (90K feet)\n• Facing evolved Soviet air defense system\n• ELINT Staff Office (ESO) asked:\n – What’s the radar environment like inside the\n Soviet Union?\n\n * A-12/OXCART was the CIA version of the plane which was kept secret (15 built). SR-71 was the 2 seat Air Force\n reconnaissance version which was made public (31 built.) The YF-12 was an Air Force fighter interceptor (3 built.)\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Problem: Find “Tall King”\n\n• Primary Soviet Air Defense Radar\n – Long Range, 375 miles\n • 150mhz, PRF 100/200hz, 800Kw\n – 100’ wide, 30’ high\n• Where were they located?\n• How many are there?\n – B52 bombers needed to know\n – OXCART needed to know\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Solution: Project “Flower Garden”\n Shoot the Moon\n\n• Point dishes at the moon\n• Use the moon as a bistatic\n reflector\n• Listen for TALL KING signals\n – As earth and moon revolved and\n rotated all TALL KING’s came into\n view, one at a time\n – Plot their precise location\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","HENHOUSE Radar\n\n• Soviet HENHOUSE phased-array radar\n – 850’ long, 25MW\n – Missile Warning/ABM system\n – Space surveillance\n• Identified via satellite photos\n and ELINT\n• But what were its capabilities?\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Radio Dishes Get Funded\n\n• Attach ELINT receivers to Bell Labs\n 60’ antenna in New Jersey\n – Use Stanford“matched filter” techniques\n• Use antennas at Sugar Grove,\n Chesapeake Bay, Aricebo, Jordell Bank\n• Pay for and build Stanford “Dish”\n – Hide relationships via “cover agencies”\n – Air Force Cambridge Research Center\n and Ofﬁce of Naval Research\n – Discovers “Hen House” radar\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","PPMS: Power \u0026 Pattern\n Measurement Systems ~1962\n\n• Now we know where Tall King \u0026 Spoon Rest radars are but\n• Now we need to know:\n – Spatial Coverage\n – Radiated Power\n – RF Coherence\n – Polarization\n• For Jamming and Stealth\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project: Palladium\n• Ok, now we know spatial coverage, etc. we need to\n know:\n – Sensitivity of Soviet radar receivers\n – How good were their operators\n• Hence, Project Palladium\n• Build a system that electronically generated and\n injected false targets into Soviet radars\n – They saw ghost aircraft\n – We could simulate any aircraft, any speed\n – Trick was to know what they were seeing\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project: PALLADIUM\n\n• Teamed with NSA and used SIGINT\n intercepts\n – Listened to their communication channels\n and could decrypt them in real time\n – Watch when they turned on their SA-2\n target tracking radar\n• We used ground bases, naval ships,\n submarines\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project Echo 1960\n ELINT Balloons in Space\n\n\n• 100’ aluminized mylar balloon\n• Cover was “radio relay” tests\n• Originally to be launched from\n Vandenberg\n• Launched in Aug 1960\n• By this time something else\n was in space\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Story 5: 1956 - The Year It All Changes\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Lockheed Comes to Town\n\n• Polaris missile SLBM\n• Built in by Lockheed Missiles\n Division in Sunnyvale\n – Westinghouse Electric\n launch tube subcontractor\n• 20,000 employees by 1960\n – From 0 in 4 years\n – HP: 3,000 employees 1960\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Lockheed and WS-117L\n NRO - Move Reconnaissance to Space\n CORONA\n SAMOS/SENTRY\n Program P-11/ 989\n SAMOS F-1/2/3\n Imaging\n\n\n\n\n MIDAS - Program 461 VELA\n\n\n\n\n ELINT/SIGINT\nIR - Launch Detection Nuclear Detection\n Program A: Air Force - imaging and sigint\n Program B: CIA - Imaging electroopitcal and sigint\n Program C: Navy signit\n Program D: U-2, A-12/Oxcart, D-21/Tagboard\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Lockheed - Agena\n Space Bus for Spy Satellites\n\n• First restartable second stage\n – Boost and maneuvering\n – 3-axis stabilized\n• Used on Thor, Atlas and Titan\n• Controlled all 1960’s spy\n satellites\n• 365 built on an assembly line\n in secret in Sunnyvale\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Stanford AEL/STL and Rambo\n\n• William Rambo\n – Designed “Carpet” Jammer at RRL\n – Went to AIL after WWII, Stanford - 1951\n – Headed AEL then STL - 1958\n – NSA/CIA consultant\n• Stanford STL leads the space ELINT effort\n – Works with Lockheed on ferret subsatellites\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","STL/Lockheed and de Broekert\n\n• James de Broekert of Stanford STL\n• STL \u0026 Lockheed built P-11 Ferret\n sub-satellites carried on Corona\n photo satellites\n – 7 launched between Mar 1963-Oct 1964\n• 1962: Samos F-2/3 Elint satellites\n – redesignated as Program 102\n• Founded Argo, Signal Science,\n Advent Systems\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project West Ford 1963\n A Ring of Chaff in Space\n\n\n• 400 million copper dipoles\n• 3/4’s of an inch long\n• 2000 mile altitude, 5 miles wide,\n 25 miles thick\n• Cover was “radio relay” tests\n• Launched as part of MIDAS\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project Grab 1960-1962\n ELINT in Space\n\n\n• No more overflights or balloons\n• Collect radar emissions from\n Soviet air defense radars\n• Record, Store and Dump\n• Built by the Naval Research\n Laboratory\n• Used by SAC for EOB then\n given to the NRO\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Project POPPY 1962-1971\n Navy ELINT in Space\n\n• Ships can no longer hide\n• Collect radar emissions from\n Soviet naval vessels\n• Clusters of satellites\n• Triangulate and direction find\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Villard and Over the Horizon Radar\n• Meteor trails\n – burst comm and ELINT receiver\n• Nuclear tests\n• OTH - Over The Horizon Radar\n – Monitor missile launches\n EARTHLING in Pakistan in 1961\n CHECKROTE in Taiwan in 1966\n – Aircraft tracking\n• Stealth - 1969 at SRI\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The End of Classified Work at Stanford\n\n\n • In 1968, 35 percent of\n Stanford research\n funding in electronics\n was for classified work\n • 50% of SRI’s work was\n from DOD\n • April 9, 1969 400\n students occupy AEL\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Story 6: 1956 Why It’s Silicon Valley\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Meanwhile, on the Other\n Side of Town…\nThe Head of Radar Bombing training for Air Force\n starts a Company\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","William Shockley\n “The Other Father of Silicon Valley”\n\n• Director of Navy anti-submarine warfare operations\n group at Columbia (1942-1943)\n• Head of Radar Bombing training for Air Force (1943-1945)\n• Deputy Director and Research Director of the Weapons\n System Evaluation Group in the Defense Department\n (1954-1955)\n• Co-inventor of the transistor\n – Nobel Prize in 1956\n• Founded Shockley Semiconductor 1955\n – First semiconductor company in California\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","William Shockley\n “Great Researcher, Awesome Talent\n Spotter, Horrible Manager”\n• Unintended consequences:\n “The traitorous 8” leave Shockley\n – found Fairchild Semiconductor\n • First VC Investment (Venrock)\n – Noyce \u0026 Moore leave Fairchild to start Intel\n – 65 other chip companies in the next 20 years\n• Eugenics beliefs end his career 1963\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Semiconductor Genealogy: 1955 - 1976\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Shockley’s Legacy\n\n\n• It’s Silicon Valley\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Story 7: Why We All Don’t Work for\n the Government\n\n The Rise of Private Capital\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Venture Capital\n Silicon Valley’s 2nd Engine of Entrepreneurship\n\n Venture\n Entrepreneurs\n Finance\n\n\n\nMotivation Crisis Profit\n\n\n\nCulture Cooperative Entrepreneurial\n Outward-Facing\n Risk Capital\n Tech Universities\n\n\n Free flow of\n People/Information\n\n\nInfrastructure Predictable Stable Technical\n 24/7 Utilities\n Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities\n\n\n\n Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008\n ","The Valley Attracts Financial Attention\n The 1st West Coast IPO’s\n\n• 1956 Varian\n\n• 1957 Hewlett Packard\n\n• 1958 Ampex\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Rise of Risk Capital\n Family Money 1940’s - 1960’s\n\n• J.H. Whitney\n – 1st family office 1946\n• Laurance Rockefeller\n – Draper Gaither \u0026 Anderson (1st limited Partnership) 1958\n – Spun out as Venrock in 1969\n• Bessemer\n\n• East Coast focus\n• Wide variety of industries\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Rise of Risk Capital\n East Coast VC Experiments\n\n\n• 1946 American Research \u0026 Development\n – George Doriot\n – Right idea, wrong model\n (public VC firm)\n• 1963 Boston Capital\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Rise of Risk Capital\n “The Group” 1950’s\n\n• First Bay Area “Angels”\n – Reid Dennis\n – William Bryan\n – William Edwards\n – William K. Bowes\n – Daniel McGanney\n\n ~ 10 deals $75 -$300K\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Reid Dennis Remembers\n\n\n• “The first 25 electronics companies\n required total capital of $300k each and\n private individuals formed the basis of\n the early syndicates”\n• “….in 1975, prior to the relaxation of\n ERISA laws, the entire VC industry\n raised $10m”\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Soviet Union Launches Sputnik and\n the U.S. Venture Capital Industry\n\n• Soviet satellite shocked the U.S.\n• Galvanized congress\n• New agencies/programs\n – NASA\n – ARPA\n – National Defense Education Act\n – SBA SBIC Act\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Rise of Risk Capital\n SBIC Act of 1958\n\n• Gov’t match of private investments 3:1\n• 700 SBIC funds by 1965\n – 75% of all VC funding in 1968, 7% in 1988\n• Corporate\n – Bank of America - George Quist, Tom Clauson\n – Firemans Fund/American Express - Reid Dennis\n• Private\n – 1959 Continental Capital - Frank Chambers\n – The Group; Bryan Edwards, McGanney\n – 1962 Pitch Johnson \u0026 Bill Draper\n – 1962 Sutter Hill\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Defense R\u0026D Budget\n\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n\n $ Billions\n\n\n\n\nSources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States\nGovernemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Defense R\u0026D Budget\n California\n\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n California\n $ Billions Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n\n\nSources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States\nGovernemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Defense R\u0026D Budget\n Silicon Valley\n\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n\n $ Billions California\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n Silicon Valley\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n\n\nSources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States\nGovernemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Defense R\u0026D Budget\n Versus Venture Capital\n\n\n Defense R\u0026D\n $ Billions\n California\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n Silicon Valley\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n Silicon Valley\n Venture\n\n\nSources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States\nGovernemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Defense R\u0026D Budget\n Versus Venture Capital\n\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n $ Billions\n California\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n\n Silicon Valley\n Defense R\u0026D\n\n Silicon Valley\n Venture\n\n\n\nSources: United States National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, 2006, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind06/append/c4/at04-03.pdf; United States\nGovernemnt, Budgetfor FY 05, Historical Tables, 2004, Table 9.7, http://www.gpoaccess.gov/-usbudget/fy05/hist.html\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Rise of Risk Capital\n The Limited Partnership\n\n• DGA (Draper Gaither \u0026 Anderson) 1958\n• Rock and Davis 1961\n• Sutter Hill 1964\n• TA Associates 1968\n• Mayfield Fund 1969\n• Patricof \u0026 Co. 1969\n• Kleiner Perkins 1972\n• Capital Mgmt Services (Sequoia) 1972\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","The Rise of Risk Capital\n 1978/1979 - A Watershed\n\n• Capital gains slashed (1978)\n – 49.5% to 28%\n\n• Employee Retirement Income Security Act (1979)\n – Pension funds can invest\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Venture Capital\n Silicon Valley’s 2nd Engine of Entrepreneurship\n\n Venture\n Entrepreneurs\n Finance\n\n\n\nMotivation Crisis Profit\n\n\n\nCulture Cooperative Entrepreneurial\n Outward-Facing\n Risk Capital\n Tech Universities\n\n\n Free flow of\n People/Information\n\n\nInfrastructure Predictable Stable Technical\n 24/7 Utilities\n Economic System Legal System Labs/Universities\n\n\n\n Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008\n ","Summary\n\n• Terman/Stanford/Government responsible for\n entrepreneurial culture of Silicon Valley\n• Military primed the pump as a customer for key\n technologies\n – Semiconductors, computers, Internet\n – But very little technical cross pollination\n• Venture Capital turned the valley to volume corporate\n and consumer applications\n Is there another “crisis” that will restart the\n valley’s cycle of innovation?\n Or will we continue to be profit driven?\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","This Presentation is On-line\n\n\n Watch This Talk Online\n http://bit.ly/SecretVideo\n\n\n Read the Backstory\n http://bit.ly/SecretStories\n\n\n Read the Blog\n www.steveblank.com\n ","WWII Sources - Books\n• WWII\n – A Radar History of WWII - Louis Brown\n – Confound and Destroy - Martin Streetly\n – Echoes of War, the Story of H2S Radar - Sir Bernard Lovell\n – The Invention that Changed the World - Robert Buderi\n – Wizard War, British Scientific Intelligence - R.V. Jones\n – History of Air Intercept Radar and British Nightfighter - Ian White\n – The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich - Donald Caldwell\n – Instruments of Darkness: The History of Electronic Warfare - Alfred Price\n – Volume I: The History of US. Electronic Warfare to 1946 - Alfred Price\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Cold War Sources - Books\n\n• Cold War\n – Volume II: The History of US. Electronic Warfare: Renaissance Years- Alfred Price\n – The Wizards of Langley - Jeffrey T. Richelson\n – Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency - James Bamford\n – The Puzzle Palace: Inside the NSA, - James Bamford\n – Secrets of Signals Intelligence During the Cold War and Beyond - Matthew M. Aid, Cees Wiebes\n – Eternal Vigilance? - Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Christopher M. Andrew\n – High-Cold-War-Strategic Air Reconnaissance and the Electronic Intelligence War - Robert Jackson\n – By Any Means Necessary: America's Secret Air War in the Cold War - William E. Burrows\n – Shadow Flights: America's Secret Airwar Against the Soviet Union: A Cold War History - C. Peebles\n – Spyplane - Norman Polmar\n – Radar Handbook, - Merrill I. Skolnik\n – Out From Behind the Eight Ball: A History of Project Echo by Doanld C. Elder\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Silicon Valley Sources - Books\n\n• Terman/Shockley/Intel\n – Fred Terman at Stanford - Stewart Gilmore\n – Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley- Joel Shurkin\n – The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce - Leslie Berlin\n• Silicon Valley History\n – Electronics in the West: the First Fifty Years - Jane Morgan\n – The Origins of the Electronics Industry on the Pacific Coast- Arthur Norberg\n – Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford - Rebecca S. Lowen\n – The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and\n Stanford - Stuart W. Leslie\n – Making Silicon Valley: Innovation \u0026 the Growth of High Tech - C. Lecuyer\n – Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 - Annalee Saxenian\n• Venture Capital\n – Creative Capital: Georges Doriot and the Birth of Venture Capital - Spencer E. Ante\n• Semiconductor Timeline to 1976: Semi and Don C. Hoefler\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","ELINT Sources - Web\n• Engineering/ELINT in the CIA/NSA\n – http://www.tbp.org/pages/Publications/Bent/Features/F99Poteat.pdf\n – http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/\n • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/st06.pdf\n • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB54/st08.pdf\n • http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB60/abm022.pdf\n – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-\n csi/pdf/v11i2a05p.pdf\n – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-\n csi/pdf/v12i2a02p.pdf\n – https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-\n publications/books-and-monographs/a-12/hiding-oxcart-in-plain-sight.html\n – http://jya.com/nsa-elint.htm\n – http://fas.org/irp/program/list.htm\n• ELINT Aircraft Losses\n – http://www.rb-29.net/HTML/77ColdWarStory/08.01apndxC.htm\n – http://www.history.navy.mil/avh-1910/APP34.PDF\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","Photo and Movie Sources - Web\n• B-24 Ferret ELINT equipment photos\n – http://aafradio.org/\n• WWII Radar History/Photos/Radar Order of Battle\n – www.gyges.dk\n – http://www.luftarchiv.de/\n – http://www.vectorsite.net/ttwiz.html The Wizard War\n – http://www.museumwaalsdorp.nl/en/german_radar.html\n – http://www.baermann.biz/pauke/index.php?catid=9\u0026blogid=1\n• Movie Clips\n – 12 O’Clock High\n – Memphis Belle\n – Dr. Strangelove\n\n\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n ","This Presentation is On-line\n\n\n Watch This Talk Online\n http://bit.ly/SecretVideo\n\n\n Read the Backstory\n http://bit.ly/SecretStories\n\n\n Read the Blog\n www.steveblank.com\n\n\n The Secret History of Silicon Valley\n "],"twitterShareUrl":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=SlideShare\u0026text=Secret+History+of+Silicon+Valley+Rev+4+Dec+09+by+%40sgblank+%23a12+%23cia+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fsecret-history-of-silicon-valley-rev-4-dec-09%2F2658658","type":"presentation","viewStats":{"views":119711,"viewsFromEmbeds":131058,"topEmbeds":[]},"slideDimensions":{"height":612,"width":792},"topReadSlides":[{"slideIndex":103,"ranking":2},{"slideIndex":56,"ranking":1},{"slideIndex":75,"ranking":3}],"user":{"id":"1137721","isFollowing":false,"login":"sblank","name":"Stanford University","occupation":"Lecturer","organization":"Stanford University","photo":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-sblank-48x48.jpg?cb=1707173175","photoExists":true,"shortName":"Stanford University"},"views":250769},"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"ad":{"fallbackText":"Ad for Scribd subscription","label":"Ad","close":"Close Ad","dismiss_in":"Dismiss in","ad_info_title":"Why are you seeing this?","ad_info_description":"We use ads to keep content free and accessible for everyone. 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